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BlaineSpecicSurfaceArea(Cementdensity)

1 Introduc on:

CementnenessisexpressedeitherintermsofPar cleSizeDistribu on(PSD)withresidues(orpassing)onreference

sievesorbyitsspecicsurfaceareainBlaine.

Inthispresenta on,wewilldeveloptheBlainemethodwhichisthemostwidelyusedintheworldofcement.

2 Cementdensi es:

Thedensityisthefundamentalphysicalcharacteris cofthematerial.Densityisdenedbymassofa

unitvolumeofamaterialsubstance,expressedaskilogramspercubicmetre(orgr/cm3).
Inthecaseofcementoranypowderonemustconsidertwodensi es:

*bulkdensity

*absolutedensity

Somereminders:

Let'stakeavolumeVofcement

With:

VV=volumeofvoids=air
VS=volumeofthesolidphase
ThetotalmassMiscomposedof:

With:

MV=massofvoids0

MS=massofthesolidphase

Thebulkdensityisdenedby:

Andtheabsolutedensityby:

Andconsequentlytheporosityby:

Andthecompactnessby:

CementdensityisusuallydeterminedbyPycnometricMethod(orLeChatelierdensimeter).
Thismethoddeterminesthera ooftheweightofaunitvolumeofthesampleataspeciedtemperature
totheweightofaunitvolumeofalcoholatthesametemperature.

Bulkdensityofacementnelygroundcanvarybetween830and1650kg/m3dependingonitshandling.
Absolutedensityofcementisaround3150kg/m3.

Porositycanbedeterminedwithvariouslaboratorymethodslike:

*Op calmethod

*Mercuryinjec onmethod

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*Mercuryinjec onmethod

*Gasexpansionmethod

*Imbibi onmethod(seeASTMC642)

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3 BlaineandAirPermeabilityMethod:

Thenenessofcementismeasuredasspecicsurface.

Specicsurfaceisexpressedasthetotalsurfaceareainsquarecen metersofallthecementpar clesinonegramofcement.

Uni esusedaregenerally:cm2/grandalsom2/kg

Thehigherthespecicsurfaceis,thenercementwillbe.

ThetablebelowgivestheusualBlainevaluesfordierentmaterials:

TheairpermeabilitymethodisusedandcommonlycalledBlainemethod.

3.1. PrincipleoftheBlainemethod:

Theprincipleofairpermeabilitymethodistodeterminethe metakenforaxedquan tyofairtoowthrougha

compactedcementbedofspecieddimensionandporosity.

Understandardcondi ons,thespecicsurfaceareaofcementispropor onaltothesquarerootof meT.

WhereTisthe meforgivenquan tyofairtoowthroughthecompactedcementbed.

Thenumberandsizerangeofindividualporesinthespeciedbedaredeterminedbythecementpar clesizedistribu on

whichalsodeterminedthe meforthespeciedairow.

Thismethodiscompara veandthereforeareferencesampleofknownspecicsurfaceareaisrequiredtocalibrate

theapparatus.

LinktoseetheASTMStandardTestMethod:

p:// p.ecn.purdue.edu/olek/PTanikela/To%20Prof.%20Olek/ASTM%20standards/blaine%20neness%20ASTM%20C%20204.pdf

Sketchoftheapparatus:

www.thecementgrindingoce.com

PictureofaBlaineapparatus:

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Blaine

3.2. Determina onoftheamountofthecementsample:

Fillthecellwithmercuryandweighthemercury.

Compact2,8grofcementinthecellwiththeplunger.

Filltheremainingvolumeofthecellwithmercury.

Calculatethevolumeofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:

Where:

W1isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtollthecellwithoutcement

W2isthegramsnumberofmercuryrequiredtollthepor onofthecellnotoccupiedbythecementbed
Dmisthedensityofmercuryatthetesttemperaturewiththefollowingtable:

Repeatthisprocedure2 mestohaveabe ervolumees ma on(dierence<0,005cm3).

Calculatetheweightofthecementsamplewiththefollowingformula:

3.5. Result:

ThefollowinggeneralformulaisusedtocalculatetheBlainevalueofthecementtobetested:

Where:
Wistheweightofthecementsamplerequiredingrams
istheabsolutecementdensity=3,15gr/cm3

Visthevolumeofthecementsample(seehereabove)incm3
nistheporosity(mustbe0,50,005)

3.3. Calibra onoftheBlaineapparatus:

Useareferencecementofknownspecicsurface.

FillthecellwiththeweightWdenedhereaboveandcompactwiththeplunger

Calculatethe metakenbytheairtoowthecementbed.

Thisproceduremustberepeated3 meswith3samples.

Calculatetheaverage meT0

CalculatetheBlaineFactorBFwiththefollowingformula:

Where:

KistheBlainefactor

S0isthespecicsurfaceareainBlaine(cm2/gr)ofthereferencesample
T0istheaverage me(seehereabove)

3.4. Testitself:

Theprocedureisthesameasthereferencesample(seehereabove).

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SisthespecicsurfaceBlaine

KistheBlainefactor

nistheporosity

Tistheaverage meofthreetests

0istheairviscosityduringthetestofthereferencesample
istheairviscosityduringthetest

Iftheporosityisthesame,theformulabecomes:

Ifteststemperaturesareinthesamerangeof3C,theformulabecomes:

4 Example:

Where:

5 OnlineBlaineAnalyser

Theseinstalla onsareworkingonthesameprincipleofthecementbedtes ngbutareconnectedwith

anautoma csamplingdevice

Exampleofasupplier:AB800fromFLSmidth

6 Blainecalculator:

Thiscalculatorisavailablehere:

www.thecementgrindingoce.com
http://www.thecementgrindingoffice.com/blaine.html

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