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INTRODUCTION TO LAW ‘Atty. Weng Santos * COURSE DESCRIPTION (as provided by the Legal Education Board) A general course given to freshmen, providing for an overview of the various aspects of the concept of law, with emphasis on the relationship between law, jurisprudence, equity, courts, society, and public policy, presented through selected provisions of law, cases, and other materials depicting settled principles and current developments, both local and international, including a review of the evolution of the Philippine legal system. (COURSE SYLLABUS, 1 Introductory A. Law 1. Whatis “law”? +The Path of the Law, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr, 10 Harvard Law Review 457 (1897), available http://www. constitution.org/lrev/owh/path_law.htm (last accessed ‘August 2016) + Civil Code of the Philippines: Commentaries and Jurisprudence, Volume Tby Arturo M. Tolentino, “Philippine Civil Law: Introduction” + An Introduction to Philippine Law, 7* Edition by Melquiades J. Gamboa, "Chapter IV: Lato, the Individual and Society” + Main Opinion of Justice Lucero and Separate Concurring Opinion of ve Justice Rodriguez in Lapitan v. PCSO, 60 0.G. 6841 + Legal Education in the Philippines: Confronting the Issues of Relevance and Responsiveness, Theodore O. Te, 63 PL] Second Quarter, available at http://plj.upd.edu.ph/legal-education-in-the-philippines-confronting- the-issues-of-relevance-and-responsiveness/ (last accessed August 2016) 2. Effect and Application of Laws * Chapter I, Preliminary Title, New Civil Code, “Effect and Application of Laws” When Laws Take Effect * Tafa v, Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985) + Tafiada v. Tavera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986) + Askay v. Cosalan, 46 Phil. 179 (1924) + Balbuna v, Secretary of Education, 110 Phil. 150 (1960) "With contributions from Atty. Osh Haulo. There sony ne per consenc,in the src of jut and ther i only ne glory geri, the cervie of truth” Vicor Hugo Victorias Milling Company, In. v. Social Security Commission, 4 SCRA 627 (1962) Judicial Decisions Lazatin v. Desierto, 588 SCRA 285 (2009) Cov. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 444 (1993) Albert v. Court of First Instance of Manila (Br. VD, 23 SCRA 948 (1968) De Roy ». Court of Appeals, 157 SCRA 757 (1988) Ignorance of the Law Zulueta v. Zuleta, 1 Phil., 254 (1902) De Luna etal. v. Linatoc, 74 Phil., 15 (1942) Silence of the Law 3. Law. ve Cerrano v. Tan Chuco, 38 Phil. 392 (1918) Philippine Bank of Commerce v. De Vera, 6 SCRA 1026 (1962) Morality, Justice, Social Justice, Equity An Introduction to Philippine Law, 74 Edition by Melquiades J Gamboa, “Chapter : The General Nature of Law” Leus v. St. Scholastica’s College Westgrove, 748 SCRA 378 (2015) Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on Elections, 618 SCRA 32 (2010) (On the Connection Between Law and Justice, Anthony D'Amato, 26 U. C. Davis L. Rev. 527-582 (1992-93) available at hittp:{/scholarlycommons law northwestern edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?a rticle=1001 &context=facultyworkingpapers (last accessed August 2016) Calatang v. Williams et al, 70 Phil, 726 (1940) Agabon v. National Labor Relations Commission, 442 SCRA 573 (November 17, 2004) Reno Foods, Inc. v. Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa (NLM)- Katipunan, 615 SCRA 240 (2010) Hodges v. Yulo, 81 Phil. 622 (1948) Muller o. Muller, 500 SCRA 65 (2006) Department of Public Works and Highways v. Quiwa, 665 SCRA 479 (2012) Agra v. Philippine National Bank, 309 SCRA 509 (1999) Philippine National Bank v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 189 SCRA 680 (1990) Rubio v. Alabata, 717 SCRA 554 (2014) Salvacion v. Central Bank of the Philippines, 278 SCRA 27 (1997) 4, Substantive v. Adjective Law Tamayo v. Gsell, 35 Phil. 982 (1916) Separate Dissenting Opinion of Justice Feria in Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640, (1948) Primicias v. Ocampo, 93 Phil. 452 (1953) Tan, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 373 SCRA 524 (2002) "Thor sony one power, concen in theservice of jute and there inom one gly gen nthe eve truth” Vier Hugo 2 5. Sources of Law + An Introduction to Philippine Law, 7 Edition by Melquiades J. Gamboa, “Chapter Il: The Sources of Law” B. Lawyers 1. Who are “lawyers”? + Rule 138, Rules of Court, “Attorneys and Admission to the Bar” + Rule 138-A, Rales of Court “Law Student Practice Rule” + Ulep v. Legal Clinic, Inc, 223 SCRA 378 (1993) + Philippine Laeoyer's Association ». Agrava, etc., 105 Phil. 173 (1959) + Cojuangco, Jr. v. Palma, 438 SCRA 306 (2004) 2. The Bar + Ine: Integration ofthe Bar ofthe Philippines, 49 SCRA 22 (1973) + Tne: Vicente Raul Almacen, 31 SCRA 562 (1954) + IRe: Albino Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534 (1954) 3. The Practice of Law + Cayetano v. Monsed, 201 SCRA 210 (1991) + Ulep v. Legal Clini, Inc, 223 SCRA 378 (1993) + Cojuangco, jr. v. Palma, 438 SCRA 306 (2004) + In Re: Letter ofthe UP Law Faculty Entitled “Restoring Integrity: A ‘Statement by the Faculty ofthe UF College of Law on the Allegations of Plagiarism and Misrepresentation in the Supreme Court, 644SCRA 543 2011) + RA. No. 9999, “The Free Legal Assistance Act of 2010" C. Lawyering 1. The Legal Method + The Disappearance of the Legal Method, Richard B. Cappalli, 70 Temp. L. Rev. 393-445 (1997) 2. Argumentation and Logic + The Architecture of Arguments James C. Raymond, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, Ocfbber-December 2002, available at hitp://philja judiciary gov.ph/assets/files/pdffjournal/volfissuel4.pdF (last accessed August 2016) + Legal Logic, Ranhilo C, Aquino, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at hutp://philia judiciary. gov. ph/assets/files/pdfljoumal/voldissuel4.pdf (last accessed August 2016) 3. Analyzing Decisions + The Four “Cs” of Effective Decision-Writing: An Introduction for Newly- Appointed Justices, Artemio V. Panganiban, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at /ttp://philja judiciary. gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/joumal/voldissuel4.pdi (last accessed August 2016) “Theres only ore power, conscience in the evie fuse an hee iol ome glory, genius in he service of eth” ~ Victor Hugo. 3 + Decision Writing, Lucas P., Bersamin, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at hitp:l/philia judiciary. gov.ph/assets/files/pdfijournal/volissueT4.pdf (last accessed August 2016) 4, Case Briefs and Legal Writing + How to Briefa Case, Christopher Pyle, available at bttps://www lib jay.cuny.edu/research/brief htm! (last accessed ‘August, 2016) * Legal Writing 201, Mark. P. Painter, available at |https://www .uniceub-br/media/180309/Texto_ VIII pdf (last accessed August, 2016) I. Philippine Legal System A. Philippine Legal History ‘+ A Guide to Philippine Legal Information by Antonio M. Santos, “Chapter Il - Historical Evolution of Philippine Law: An Overview” B. Civil Law and Common Law + A Guide to Philippine Legal Information by Antonio M. Santos, “Chapter Ill - The Philippine Legal System" *+ Lost in Translation: Oral Advocacy in « Land Without Binding Precedent, Sabrina DeFabritis, available at hltp//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id-2004484 (last accessed August 2016) + In Re: Application of Max Shoop for Admission to Practice Law, 41 Phil. 213 (1920) . The Hybrid System of the Philippines * Legal Method Essentials 2.0 by Dante B. Gatmaytan, “Chapter 2: Philippine History and the Legal System" + Mixed Jurisdictions: Common Law v. Civit Lato (Codified and Uncodified), William Tetley, 60 La. L. Rev. (2000), available at http://digitalcommons law Jsu.edu/egifviewcontent, context=lalrey (last accessed August 2016) + Cruz v, Pahati, 98 Phil. 788 (1956) D. The Hierarchy of Courts 1, The Doctrine of Hierarchy of Courts + The Diocese of Bacolod v. Commission on Elections, 747 SCRA 1 (2015) 2. Separation and Blending of Powers + Abueva v. Wood, 45 Phil. 612 (1924) + Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1996) 3, The Supreme Court + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIIL, “The Judicial Department” + Firestone Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 465 (2000) + Fabian v, Desierto, 295 SCRA 470 (1998) “Ter only one power consincs, nthe ervey of ute and there only one hry eine serve of tath”= Vicor Hugo * Secretary of National Defense v. Manalo, 568 SCRA 1 (2008) 4. Other Collegial Courts + CA.No. 3, “Ant Act to Amend Certain Provisions of the Revised Administrative Code on the Judiciary, by Reducing the Number of Justices of the Supreme Court and Creating the Court of Appeals...” + Carpio-Morales, in her capacity as Ombudsman v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015 + RA, No. 1125, “An Act Creating the Court of Tax Appeals” + RA.No, 9282, “An Act Expanding the Jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals, Elevating its Rank to the Level of Collegiate Court.” + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XL, “Accountability of Public Officers” + P.D. No, 1606, “Revising P.D. No. 1648 Creating as Special Court to be Known as Sandigantayan..” + RA, No, 8249, “An Act Further Defining the Jurisdiction of the Sandigantayan...” + Duncano v. Sandiganbayan, G.R, No. 191894, July 15, 2015 5. The Trial Courts + BP. No, 129, “The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980" + RA, No. 7691, “An Act Expanding the Jurisdiction of the Metroploitan Trial Courts.” 6. Judicial and Bar Council + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “The Judicial Department” + In Re: Hon. Mateo A. Valenzuela and Hon. Placido B. Vallarta, 298 SCRA 408, November 09, 1998 + De Castro v, Judicial and Bar Council, 615 SCRA 666 (2010) + Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, 676 SCRA 579 (2012) + Chavez v Judicial and Bar Council, 96 SCRA 496 (2013) State and Government A. The State 1. Whatis a “State”? + Collector of Internal Revenue v, Campos Rueda, 42 SCRA 23 (1971) 2. Democratic State + Tolentino v. Commission on Elections, 420 SCRA 438 (2004) B, The Philippine Government 1. What is a “Government”? * United States v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332 (1903) 2. Parens Patriae + Government of the P. I. v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728 (1916) 3. Type of Government / Separation of Governmental Powers ‘+ Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936) + Santiago v. Guingona, Jr, 298 SCRA 756 (1998) "Ther iony one power, conscience in the serio jstiesand there ely one sory, genius, inthe servic of uth,” =Vistr Hugo 3 IV. The Constitution ‘A. What is a “Constitution”? + Separate Concurring and Dissenting Opinion of Justices Johns, Villamor, and Ostrand in Lopez v. De los Reyes, 55 Phil. 170 (1930) B. Interpretation of the Constitution 1. Generally + Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284 (1987) + Filoteo, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 222 (1996) 2. Who interprets the Constitution? + Lopes v. Roxas, et al, 17 SCRA 756 (1966) + Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936) 3. Construction Limitations + Angara v, Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936) + Endencia v, David, 93 Phil. 696 (1953) 4. Language + JIM. Tuason & Co,, Inc. v. Land Tenure Administration, 31 SCRA 413, 1970) * Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991) + La Bugal-B'Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148 (2004) + La Bugal-B’Lann Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, 445 SCRA 1 (2004) + Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552 (1950) 5. Rules of Construction + Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549 (1987) + Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Zamora, 338 SCRA 81 (2000) + Marcelino v. Cruz, 121 SCRA 51 (1983) * Cov, Electoral Tribunal, 199 SCRA 692 (1991) 6. Aids in Interpretation + Legaspi v. Minister of Finance, 115 SCRA 418 (1982) ‘+ Montejo v. COMELEC, 242 SCRA 415 (1995) + La Bugal-B'Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148 (2004) + La Bugal-B'Laan Tribal Association, Ine. v. Ramos, 445 SCRA 1 (2004) 7. Self-Executing Provisions + Tafiada v. Angara, 272 SCRA 18 (1997) + Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 (1997) + Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 (1993) V. Judicial Review A. What is “Judicial Power”? ‘+ 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “The Judicial Department” + Marbury o. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803) + Lopes v. Roxas, et al., 17 SCRA 756 (1966) * Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr, 710 SCRA 1 (2013) ‘There ionlyone power, conscience in the service ofa an thee it oly one glory, genius, in he service of uth" = Vistor Hugo 6 B, Judicial Supremacy + Araullo v. Aquino, G.R. No. 209287 (July 1, 2014) + Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936) + Mutuc v. Commission on Elections, 36 SCRA 228 (1970) + Manila Prince Hotel v. Government Service Insurance System, 267 SCRA 408 (1997) C Requisites + Francisco, jr. v. Nagmamalasakit na mga Manananggol ng mga Manggagawang Pilipino, Inc., 415 SCRA 44 (2003) + Montesclaros v. Commission on Elections, 384 SCRA 269 (2002) D. Political Question + Tartada and Macapagal v. Cuenco, et al., 103 Phil. 1051, February 28, 1957 + Sanidad v. Commission on Elections, 73 SCRA 333 (1976) E. Effects of Unconstitutionality 1. Generally * Chapter I, Preliminary Title, New Civil Code, “Effect and Application of Laws” + Republic v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 509 (1993) ‘+ Film Development Councit of the Philippines v. Colon Heritage Realty Corporation, G.R. No, 203754 (June 16, 2015) 2. Operative Fact Doctrine + De Agbayani v. Phitippine National Bank, 38 SCRA 429 (1971) + Hacienda Luisita, Incorporated v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, 660. SCRA 525 (2011) + Araullo v. Aquino, G.R.No. 209287 (July 1, 2014) F. Rules of Avoidance / Judicial Restraint + Separate Concurring Opinion of Justice Brandeis in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 US. 288 (1936) + Central Bank Employees Association, Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 446 SCRA 299 (2004) + Separate Concurring Opinion of Chief Justice Sereno in Belgica v, Ochoa, Jr, 710 SCRA 1 (2013) VI. Statutory Construction Basics A. Aids to Construction 1. Generally + Ebarle v. Sucaldito, 156 SCRA 803 (1987) + People v. Purisima, 86 SCRA 542 (1978) + Commissioner of internal Revenue v. TMX Sales, Inc,, 205 SCRA 184 (2992) + People v. Subido, 66 SCRA 545 (1996) + Hidalgo v. Hidalgo, 33 SCRA 108 (1970) 2. Legislative History “There inony one oer, conten in the erie ofjustiesand there ely one gory, genius in he service of ruth” —Vistor Hage. 7 * Song Kiat Chocolate Factory v. Central Bank, 102 Phil. 477 (1957) * Francisco v. Bosier, 332 SCRA 792 (2000) + Buenaseda v. Flavier, 226 SCRA 645 (1993) + People v. Yadao, 94 Phil. 726 (1954) 3. Contemporary Construction + Nestle Philippines Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 203 SCRA 504 (1991) * Philippine Scout Veterans Security and Investigation Agency Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, 262 SCRA 112 (1996) + Adasa v, Abalos, 516 SCRA 261 (2007) 4, Statutory Directives + Vergara, Jr v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc., 694 SCRA 273 (2013) B. Interpretation of Words and Phrases 1. General and Particular Use of Words + Matuguina Integrated Wood Products, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 263 SCA 490 + Tan. People, 290 SCRA 117 (1998) + Bernardo v. Bernardo, 96 Phil. 202 (1954) + Malanyaon v. Lising, 106 SCRA 237 2. Associated Words + V.C. Ponce Company, Inc. v. Reyes, 561 SCRA 646 (2008) VI Essential Legal Concepts A. Jurisdiction B. Precedent 1. Generally * Precedent, Frederick Schauer, 39 Stan. L. Rev. 571 ‘+ The Rule of Law and the Law of Precedents, Daniel A. Farber, 90 Minn. L. Rev. 1173, available at hittpy//scholarship.law berkeley.edu/egi/viewcontent cgiasticle=2693& facpuibs (last accessed August 2016) v, Marvel Entertainment, 576 U.S. _, 1358. Ct. 2401, No. 13-720 + Kim (2015) + _ Fermin v, People, 550 SCRA 132, March 28, 2008 2. Stare Decisis + Villena v. Chavez, 415 SCRA 33 (2003) + De Mesa v. Pepsi Cola Products Phils, Inc,, 467 SCRA 433 (2005) * Chinese Young Men's Christian Association of the Philippine Islands». Remington Steel Corporation, 550 SCRA 180 (2008) + Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines, Incorporated v. Pagdanganan, 504 SCRA. 549 (2006) 3. Law of the Case + Veloso, Jr. . Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 196 (1996) + Agustin v. Court of Appeals, 271 SCRA 457 (1997) “There ony on power conscience, Inthe eric justice and thor ony one gr, genus, nthe servic of rath” = Vitor Hugo. 8 4. Res judicata - Bar by prior judgment + Degayo v. Magbanua-Dinglasan, G.R. Nos. 173148 (April 6, 2015) + Villa v. Sandiganbayan, 208 SCRA 288 (1992) + Padillo v. Court of Appeals, 371 SCRA 27 (2001) 5. Res judicata - Conclusiveness of judgment + Antonio v. Vida. De Monje, 631 SCRA 471 (2010) + Republic v, Yu, 484 SCRA 416 (2006) + Firestone Ceramics, Inc v. Court of Appeals, 313 SCRA 522 (1999) C. Lis Pendens + Lim 2, Vera Cruz, 356 SCRA 386 (2001) + Atlantic Erectors, In. v. Herbal Cove Realty Corporation, 399 SCRA 409 (2003) D. Rule of Law + Reconstructing the Rule of Law, Robin West, 90 Geo. L. Rev. 215 (2001), available at hitpy/scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/6ss/ (last accessed August 2016) + The Rule of Law as a Law of Rules, Justice Antonin Scalia, 56 U. Chi. L. Rev, 1175, 1175-81 (1989), available at http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?articlen1632 &contexi=uclrev (last accessed August 2016) + Sta, Maria v. Lopez, 31 SCRA 637 (1970) + Foriun v, Labang, 104 SCRA 607 (1981) + Tolentino v. Commission on Elections, 41 SCRA 702 (1971) + Villavicencio v. Luktan., 38 Phil,, 778 (1919) * Philippine Ports Authority v. Nasipit Integrated Arrasire and Stevedoring Services, Inc, 575 SCRA 291 (2008) + United States v. Mena, 11 Phil. 543 (1908) + Navarra v. Office ofthe Ombudsman, 607 SCRA 355 (2009) ‘+ Main Opinion of Justice Sanchez and Separate Concurring Opinion of Justice Fernando in Sta, Maria v. Lopez, 31 SCRA 637 (1970) + Metropolitan Traffic Command West Traffic District v. Gonong, 187 SCRA 432 (1990) + People v. Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244 (1995) E, Due Process 1. Generally + Due Process of Law, Isaac Franklin Russel, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 14, No. 6 (Apr, 1905), pp. 322-332, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/7823852seq=12page_scan_tab_contents (last accessed August 2016) + Albert v. University Publishing Co,, Inc, 13 SCRA 84 (1965) + Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 (2000) * White Light Corporation v, City of Manila, 576 SCRA 416 (2009) 2, Substantive Due Process ‘Theres oly one power, conscience in th sevice of utc and there is only one soy, gan. im the servi of truth." Victor Hugo 9 vi. + Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987) + United States v. Ling Su Fan, 10 Phil., 104 (1908) 3. Procedural Due Process + Espleta v. Avelino, 63 SCRA 395 (1975) + Gracilla v. Court of Industrial Relations, 25 SCRA 242 (1968) + Samalio v. Court of Appeals, 454 SCRA 462 (2005) Judicial Due Process + Banco Espariol v. Palanca, 37 Phil. 921 5. Administrative Due Process + Montoya v. Varlla, 574 SCRA 831 (2008) + Vivo 2: Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), 709 SCRA 276 (2013) + Ang Tibay 0. Court oh Industrial Relations etc, 69 Phil. 635 (1940) F. Necessary Implication + Chua v. Civil Service Commission, 206 SCRA 65 (1992) + Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, 651 SCRA 239 (2011) + Pepsi-Cola Prodcis Philippines, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor, 312 SCRA 104 (1999) + Atienza v. Villarosa, 458 SCRA 385 (2005) G. Prospectivity of Laws + People v. Derilo, 271 SCRA 633 (1997) + Cov. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 444 (1993) H, Landmark Case + Santos v. Court of Appeals, 240 SCRA 20 (1985) + Ochosa v.Alano, 640 SCRA 517 (2011) 1. Leading Case * Ting v. Velez-Ting, GR. No. 166562 (March 31, 2009) + Carpio-Morales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos, 217126-27 (November 10, 2015) Dura Lex, Sed Lex + Corpuz v. People, 724 SCRA 1 (2014) ‘The Decision and the Dissent A. Basis of Decisions + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIM, "The Judicial Department” + Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals, 293 SCRA 26 (1998) * Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals, 315 SCRA 296 (1999) ‘+ Velarde v. Social Justice Society, 489 SCRA 283 (2004) + Reyes v. Reyes, 600 SCRA 345 (2009) ‘+ Allied Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals, 416 SCRA 65 (2003) here tony one gly genius in the sevice of ruth” = Vicor Hugo 10 + Ong Ching Kian Chung v. China National Cereals Oil and Foodstufs Import and Export Corp., 383 SCRA 390 (2000) + Caltex (Philippines) In. v. Palomar, 18 SCRA 247 (1966) + General v, Barrameda, 69 SCRA 182 (1976) + Molina v. Rafferty, 38 Phil. 167 (1918) C. Dissenting Opinion + In Defense of Dissents, William J. Brennan, 37 Hastings L. J. 427 (1986) available at http: /repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002éco ntext-tobriner (last accessed August 2016) + Inthe Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism, etc, against Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo, 682 SCRA 607 (2010) * Inthe Matter ofthe Charges of Plagiarism, Etc., Against Associate Justice ‘Mariano C. Del Castillo, 642 SCRA 11 (2011) + Manila Electric Company v. Castro-Bartolome, 114 SCRA 799 (1982) * Director of Lands v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 146 SCRA 509 (1986) + Llamado v. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 566 (1989) * Tolentino v. Ongsiako, 7 SCRA 1001 (1963) IX, Ratio Decidendi, Fallo, and Obiter Dictum + Determining the Ratio Decidendi of a Case, Arthur L. Goodhart, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Dec,, 1930), pp. 161-183, available at http://www. umiacs.umd.edu/-horty/courses/seadings/goodhart-1930- ratio.pdf (last accessed August 2016) + Mercado v, People, 392 SCRA 687 (2002) + Villanueva v. Court of Appeals, 379 SCRA. 463 (2002) + Suntay 2. Cojuangco-Suntay, 300 SCRA 760 (1998) + Gonzales v. Sotid Cement Corporation, 684 SCRA 344 (2012) + People v. Macadaeg, etal, 91 Phil. 410 (1952) * Ledesma v. Court of Appeals, 465 SCRA 437 (2005) X. Overview of the Branches of Law (Bar Exam Subjects) + Re:2003 Bar Examinations Atty. Danilo De Guzman, 586 SCRA 372 (2009) A. Political Law 1. Definition + People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887 (1922) + Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77 (1982) 2. Co-Equal Branches of Government and the Separation of Powers + Abueva v. Wood, 45 Phil. 612 (1924) + Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, 676 SCRA 579 (2012) "Thor only ome powcr, conscience in the servicefuntce and thee oly une oy, env in he service ih" Ver Hugo 1 + In the Matter of Seve the Supreme Court Judicial Independence and Fiscal Autonomy Movement v, Abolition of Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) ‘and Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy, 746 SCRA 352 (2015) * Anak Mindanao Party-List Group v. The Executive Secretary, 531 SCRA 583 (2007) + Re: COA Opinion on the Computation of the Appraised Value of the Properties Purchased by the Retired ChieflAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court, 678 SCRA 1 (2012) + Re: In the Matter of Clarification of Exemption from Payment of All Court and Sheriffs Fees of Cooperatives Duly Registered in Accordance with Republic Act No. 9520 Otherwise Known as the Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008, 668 SCRA 1 (2012) + Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr, 710 SCRA 1 (2013) + Santiago v. Guingona, Jr, 298 SCRA 756 (1998) 3. The Executive Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch Scope of Executive Power + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIL, “The Executive Department” + Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 , September 15, 1989 + Marcos v. Manglapus, 178 SCRA 760 , October 27, 1989 Executive Privilege + United States v. Nixon, 418 US 683 (1974) + Neri. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations, 549 SCRA 77 (2008) + EO. No. 464, “Ensuring Obseroance of the Principle of Separation of Powers, Adherence to the Rule on Executive Privilege and Respect for the Rights of Public Officials Appearing in Legislative Inquiries in Aid of Legislation Linder the Constitution, and for Other Purposes" + Senate of the Philippines v. Ermite, 488 SCRA 1 (2006) Immunity of the President from Suit + Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988) + David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160 (2006) Impeachment of the President + Estrada v. Desierto, 353 SCRA 452, March 02, 2001 * Estrada v. Desierto, 356 SCRA 108, April 03, 2001 4, The Legislative Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch Legislative Power and Police Power ‘+ 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VI, “The Legislative Department” + Occefia v. Commission on Elections, 95 SCRA 755, January 28, 1980 * Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 2983) * Ynot v, IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987) + Gancayco v. City Government of Quezon City, 658 SCRA 853 (2011) Law-Making Power v. Rule-Making Authority “Therion one power, conscience, inthe atic of sie and ther anyone glory, genius in he service rth" = Vistr Huge 12 Po ory, 5 o ‘+ Araneta, etal. v, Hon. M. Gatmaitan, etal, 101 Phil. 328 (1957) + Eastern Shipping Line v. POEA * Smart Communications, Inc. SMART) v. National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), 408 SCRA 678 (2003) + Kilusang Mayo Uno v. NEDA, G.R. No. 167798 (April 19, 2006) Improper Delegation of Legislative Power + Belgica 8. Ochoa, Jr, 710 SCRA 1 (2013) + Araneta, et al. v. Hon. M. Gatmaitan, et al,, 101 Phil. 328 (1957) Bill of Rights as Protection from Government + People v, Marti, 198 SCRA 57 (1991) + Simon, Jr. v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994) + Zulueta v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 699 (1996) B. Labor Law 1. Labor Law Generally + 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIIL, “Social Justice and Human Rights” + “ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work’, Adopted by the International Labour Conference at its Eighty-sixth Session, Geneva, 18 June 1998 Purpose + Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. v. Cables, 732 SCRA 22 (2014) + Zurbano, Sr. 2. National Labor Relations Commission, 228 SCRA 556 1993) Construction + Mirant (Philippines) Corporation v. Caro, 723 SCRA 465 (2014) + Abella v, National Labor Relations Commission, 152 SCRA 140 (1987) + Reliance Surety & Insurance Co., Inc. o. NLRC, 193 SCRA 365 (1991) * Buena Obra v. Social Security System, 401 SCRA 206 (2003) Management Prerogative v. Labor Protection * San Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union (PTGWO) v. Ople, 170 SCRA 25 (1989) + University of Sto. Tomas v. NLRC, 190 SCRA 758 (1990) * Stanford Microsystems, Inc. v. NLRC, 157 SCRA 410 (1988) ‘+ Master Iron Labor Union s. NLRC, 219 SCRA 47 (1993) 2. Social Legislation + Government Service Insurance System v. De Leon, 635 SCRA 321 (2010) + Oro Enterprises, Inc. v. NLRC, 238 SCRA 105 (1994) + Santos v, Eniployees’ Compensation Commission, 221 SCRA 182 (1993) + Vda. de Leorna v. Workmen's Compensation Commission, 73 SCRA 228 (1976) + Marcopper Mining Corporation v. NLRC, 255 SCRA 322 (1996) C. Civil Law “Thor is only ne power, concen in he servic ofjuatice; and there isl one lo, eu in the servic rah.” 1. Generally * Civil Code of the Philippines: Commentaries and Jurisprudence, Volume I by Arturo M. Tolentino, “Philippine Civil Law: Introduction” 2. Basic Concepts in Human Relations Acting with Justice + Albetz Investment, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 75 SCRA 310 (1977) + Velayo, ete. Shel! Co. ofthe Phils, etal, 100 Phil. 186 (1956) Limitation of the Court’s Intrusion into Private Affairs + Felipe v. Leuterio etc, et al, 91 Phil. 482 (1952) + Fonacier v. Court of Appeals, 96 Phil. 417 (1955) + Gashem Shookat Baksh v. Court of Appeals, 219 SCRA 115 (1993) + Domalagan v. Bolifer, 33 Phil. 471 (1916) + Hermosisima v. Court of Appeals, etal, 109 Phil. 629 (1960) + Sitoa v. Peralta, 110 Phil. 57 (1960) D. The Law on Taxation 1. Generally + Paseo Realty & Development Corporation v. Court of Appeats, 440 SCRA 235 (2004) + Ferrer, Jr. v. Mayor Herbert Bautista, GR, No. 210551 (une 30, 2015) + Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, 328 SCRA 666 (2000) 2. Purpose + Saldana v. City of Motto, G.R. No. L-10470 (June 26, 1958) + Lorenzo v. Posadas, 64 Phil. 353 (1937) E, Commercial Law 1. Generally + Commercial Law Review, 2012 Edition by Cesar L. Villanueva, “Prefatory Discussions” 2. Basic Concepts National Patrimony and Filipino-First Policy + Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 (1997) * Southern Cross Cement Corp. v. PHILCEMCOR, 465 SCRA 532 (2005) + Espina v. Zamora, Jr, 631 SCRA 17 (2010) Judicial Review of Economic Matters * Garcia v. Board of Investments, 1991 SCRA 288 (1990) F, Criminal Law 1. Generally + The Revised Penal Code: Criminal Law, Book One, Seventh Edition by Luis B. Reyes, “Criminal Law In General” 2. Purpose + People v. De la Cruz, 76 Phil. 169 (1946) + United States v. Sotto, 38 Phil. 666 (1918) + People v. Young, 83 Phil, 702 (1949) Theres only ne power, conscenc inthe svc of sie and ther only one gry, geiu,n the service of ruth” —Vitr Fogo 14, + People v. Carillo and Raquenio, 85 Phil. 611 (1950) 3. Basic Concepts Generality + People v. Galacgac, 54 0.G. 1027 Territoriality + United States v. Bull,, 15 Phil. 7 (1910) * Uys. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 367 (1997) Prospective ‘+ Wright 2. Court of Appeals, 235 SCRA 341 (1994) + People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972) 4. ProReo + People v, Guinto, 736 SCRA 461 (2014) + Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales Vda. De Carungcong v. People, 612 SCRA 272 (2010) + Main Opinion of Justice Ynares-Santiago and Separate Opinion of Justice Corona in People v. Temporada, 574 SCRA 258 (2008) G. Remedial Law 1. Generally + Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640, (1948) + Primicias v. Ocempo, etc. et al, 93 Phil., 457 (1953) + Billones v, Court of Industria! Relations, 14 SCRA 674 (1965) + Fabian v, Desierto GR 129742 sept 16 1998 + People v. Sumilang, 77 Phil. 764 (1946) 2. Jurisdiction + Cuenca v. Presidential Commission on Good Government, 535 SCRA 102 (2007) + Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, 301 SCRA 96 (1999) + Herrera v, Barretto and Joaquin., 25 Phil. 245 (1913) H. Ethics 1. Code of Professional Responsibility The Lawyer's Oath «The Oath: The Lawyer's Ideal, Justice Jose Sabio, jr, available at hutp://ea,judiciary.gov.ph/index.phpZaction-mnuactual_contentsécap= j8080 (last accessed August 2016) + Villahermose, Sr. Caracol, 746 SCRA 320 (2015) + Penilla,v. Alcid, Jr, 705 SCRA 1 (2013) Four-Fold Duty + Tumbokon v. Pefianco, 678 SCRA 60 (2012) * Garcia v. Bala, 476 SCRA 85 (2005) ‘The Lawyer and Society ‘+ Re: Report on the Financial Audit Conducted on the Books of Accounts of Ait. Raquel G. Kio, Clerk of Court IV, RTC, Oras, Eastern Samar, 493 SCRA 44 (2006) “Ther iony one power, concen, inthe service of justice andere i only one glory, ge, nthe servic of truth” — Vitor Hugo 15 * Re: Report on the Financial Audit Conducted on the Books of Accounts of Atty. Raquel G, Kho, Clerk of Court IV, RTC, Oras, Eastern Samar, 521 SCRA 25 (2007) * Eufemio v. Madamba, 448 SCRA 81 (2005) ‘The Lawyer and the Legal Profession + Catu v, Rellosa, 546 SCRA 209 (2008) + lire: Vietorio D. Lanuevo, 66 SCRA 245 (1975) The Lawyer and the Courts + Muioz v. People, 53 SCRA 190 (1973) * Olivares v. Villalon, Jr, 521 SCRA 12 (2007) ‘The Lawyer and the Client + Hilado v. David, 84 Phil. 589 (1949) + Qparet v. Abaria, A.C. No. 959 (uly 30, 1971) + Rollon v, Naraval, 452 SCRA 675 (2005) 2. Judicial Conduct + Sabitsanc, Jr. Villamor, A.M. No. 90-474 (October 4, 1991) + OCA». De Guzman, A.M. No. RTJ-93-1021 (1997) + Jamsani-Rodriguez v. Ong, 628 SCRA 626 (2010) + Reyes v. Reyes, 600 SCRA 345 (2009) BOOK REFERENCES 1. Aquino, D. R, (2011). Introduction to Lazo. Quezon City: Central Book Supply. 2, Gamboa, M. J. (1969). An Introduction to Philippine Lavo. Quezon City: Central Book Supply. 3. Gatmaytan, D. B. (2014). Legal method Essesntials 2.0. Quezon City: University of the Philippines College of Law. 4. Reyes, L. B, (2008). The Revised Penal Code: Criminal Lazo, Book One, Seventh Edition Quezon City: Rex Book Store. 5. Santos, A. M. (2013). A Guide to Philippine Legal Information. Quezon City: University of the Philippines College of Law. 6. Tolentino, A. M. (1990). Civil Code of the Philippines: Comments and Jurisprudence, Vol. 1 Manila: Central Book Supply. 7. Villanueva, C. L. (2012). Commercial Law Review, 2012 Edition. Quezon City: Rex Book Store. “Therion oe power, conscenc in the servic otis and her ony one glory, genius inthe service of ruth —Vidtr Hugo 16 CLASSROOM RULES Attendance Attendance is mandatory. Any anticipated absence should be reported to the instructor as soon as possible. Excuse letters must be officially approved to warrant any cancellation of a missed graded activity. Attendance, which is actual presence during each and every roll cal at the beginning of ‘lass, will be rewarded at final grading, (See “Grading”, below.) Academic Honest A student is expected to attribute and cite sources in their work, Group work is permitted only when specifically allowed by the instructor, and in such cases, students must acknowledge the extent of the contribution of everyone in the group. Grading Recitation, quizzes, other in-classroom work, homework 50% Midterm Exam 20% Final Exam 25% Student-sugyested or other graded activity 3% A Final Exam typically has a wider coverage than a Midterm Exam, thus the Final Exam. comprises a higher percentage of the student's final grade than the Midterm Exam. For a student-suggested activity to be approved by the instructor, the activity must be unanimously agreed upon by all students in the class, Students with perfect attendance will have four (4) percentage points added to their final, non-transmuted grade. Students who missed one roll call will have two (2) percentage points added to their final, non-transmuted grade. Students who missed two (2) roll calls will receive one (1) percentage point. For the purpose of this attendance reward, no excuses will be entertained. Attire Court attire is encouraged. Business or office attire (Philippines) is permitted. Others "There only one power, conscience i the sissies and there sonlyone glory, ges in the servic nth" = Viste Hugo. 17) Students must provide, on the first day of class, a 3x5 index card with a 1x1 ID photo pasted or glued on the upper left corer. The student's name (last name first) and student number must likewise be indicated on the first two (2) lines beside the photo. There is a “no screen” policy in this class, Students are required to put away all electronic devices, kept in silent mode. Eating and drinking inside the classroom will be allowed only if the student brought, enough for everyone in the class. No text book is required for this class. Readings are comprised mainly of cases, laws, and articles which are readily accessible to students. Readings which are not readily accessible to students will be provided by the instructor as a handout which the class may reproduce. The instructor reserves the right to amend the reading list as he deems fit. -wos -Therz ony one power, coscenc nthe eect tie and thee nly one ly ei in he serie of th" — Vier Hugo 18

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