BIOTECHNOLOGY

Tec h n o l o g y t h a t b a s e d o n b i o l o g y a n d i t s p r i n c i p l e s , w h e r e i t
harnesses cellular and biochemical processes to develop products
that help in improvising human life and health.
T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l t y p e s o f b i o t e c h n o l o g y, m a i n l y d i f f e r e n t i a t e d
u s i n g c o l o u r s i n t e r m ; r e d b i o t e c h n o l o g y, b l u e b i o t e c h n o l o g y,
g r e e n b i o t e c h n o l o g y a n d w h i t e b i o t e c h n o l o g y.

RED BIOTECHNOLOGY
I t i s r e f e r r e d a s m e d i c a l b i o t e c h n o l o g y.
Is the use of living cells and cell materials to research and
produce products that helps in treating human diseases.
Manufactures pharmaceuticals like enzymes, antibiotics and
vaccines, which used for molecular diagnostic.
O n e o f i t s a p p l i c a t i o n s i s g e n e t h e r a p y.
Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to
t r e a t d i s e a s e b y a l t e r i n g t h e g e n e s w i t h i n a n i n d i v i d u a l s c e l l s .
It encodes a functional, therapeutic gene to replace mutated
gene.
Gene therapy is divided into two; somatic gene therapy and
g e r m l i n e g e n e t h e r a p y.
Gene therapy has made important medical advances in less than
two decades.
It has developed from conceptual stage to technology
development and laboratory research to clinical translational
trials for a variety of deadly diseases.
However, it has brought up ethical issues, where some people
have pointed out that gene therapy is akin to "playing god",
since it is changing the code of life. Thus, gene therapy is
being rejected by certain people.

 The potential that gene therapy has may be worrisome because

along with the positive aspects there may also be unforeseen

consequences including fatalities.

GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY
R e f e r r e d a s p l a n t o r a g r i c u l t u r a l t e c h n o l o g y.
Applied to agricultural processes to produce more
environmentally friendly solutions alternative to traditional
methods.
One of its applications is plant tissue culture.
Is a technique where whole plants can be produce by minute
amounts of plant tissue or even a plant cell.
Preparation of plant tissue for tissue culture is performed
under aseptic conditions.
Living plant materials from the environment are naturally
contaminated on their surfaces with microorganisms.
So their surfaces are sterilized in chemical solutions, usually
a l c o h o l a n d s o d i u m o r c a l c i u m h yp o c h l o r i t e , b e f o r e s u i t a b l e
samples known as explants are taken.
Plant tissue culture is used for commercial production of
plants used as potting, landscape, and florist subjects
Uses meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of
identical individuals
Used to conserve rare or endangered plant species.

BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY
Application of biological method to marine and aquatic
organisms.
It is concerned with the exploration and exploitation of the
resulting diverse marine organisms in order to develop new
products.
Used to increase the seafood supply
Used to safety controlling the reproduction of the dangerous
water-borne organisms
Used for developing new aquatic-based drugs.
I t i s u s e d t o p r e s e r v e t h e a q u a t i c e c o s ys t e m .
Multi-plasmid hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas being
p a t e n t e d t o d e g r a d e t h e h yd r o c a r b o n s f r o m o i l s p i l l s o n t h e
sea.
This method can greatly help the aquatic ecosystem.

 However, these microorganisms may affect the other living

o r g a n i s m i f n o t c o n t r o l l e d p r o p e r l y.

WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY
T h i s r e f e r s t o i n d u s t r i a l u s e o f b i o t e c h n o l o g y.
Includes the practice of using cells such as microorganisms, or components of cells like enzymes
To g e n e r a t e i n d u s t r i a l l y u s e f u l p r o d u c t s i n s e c t o r s s u c h a s
chemicals, food and feed, detergents, paper and pulp,
textiles and biofuels.
Uses renewable raw materials and may contribute to
lowering greenhouse gas emissions and moving away from a
p e t r o c h e m i c a l - b a s e d e c o n o m y.
Biofuels are so demanding as the current world is running
out of petroleum sources.
Resulted in ethanol as biofuel.
Cellulose enzymes breaks down crop residues into ethanol.
Biofuel usage reduces CO 2 emission compared to petrol.
It is renewable and a great domestic energy production.