Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter-09 - Examination of Digestive System
Chapter-09 - Examination of Digestive System
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
Examination of
Digestive System
General considerations
Appetite
Prehension
Mastication
Deglutition
Eructation
Vomiting
Rumination
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Stomach of ruminants
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Stomach of horse
Stomach of dog
Intestines
Rectum
Cattle and buffaloes
Horses
Dogs
Defecation
Liver
Jaundice
Liver function tests
BSP clearance test
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
The digestive system is an important system
of body as it is an open system which has
59
61
63
65
Fig. 9.5: Diagrammatic illustration of D-xylose malabsorption test. Note the reduction in D-xylose
absorption on the day of diarrhoea
67
RECTUM
Cattle and Buffaloes
In cattle and buffaloes, examination of rectum
can be performed through palpation. Rectal
69
LIVER
Liver is the largest gland of body and it has
larger factor of safety, even 15% of the total
liver is capable of maintaining its normal
function. The liver is situated in the concavity
of the diaphragm. In animals it is on the right
side of the median plane. In cattle, the liver
is in contact with right portion of diaphragm
and some of its portion is in contact with last
2-3 ribs. In horse, it is opposite to the sternal
extremity of the 7th or 8th rib on the left side
while the right thin border extends upto 16th
rib just below its middle and it is separated
from the ribs by the diaphragm. In pigs, the
liver is in contact with the abdominal floor
in the xiphoid cartilage ventral to the right
costal arch. In dogs, the ventral lobes are
behind the xiphoid cartilage above the rectus
abdominus muscle.
The functions of liver include:
1. Secretion and excretion of bile.
2. Protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Jaundice
The liver produces bile, which is composed of
bile salts, pigments, alkaline phosphatase and
71
Type of
reaction
Type of
jaundice
Type of
pigment
1.
Direct reaction
(+)
Indirect reaction
(+)
Biphasic reaction
(+)
Obstructive
Cholibilirubin
Hemolytic
Hemobilirubin
2.
3.
Toxic/Hepato- Both
cellular
present
73