Precast

Concrete

PRESENTED BY,
ARSHIYA SYED
PRIYANKA BOBAL
FARAH WAHAJ
MADHU KUMAR
SUMEDHA
RASHI
RITU
MAYANK
DHIRAJ

RCC STRUCTURES

Reinforced concrete is concrete in

which reinforcement bars ("rebars")
or fibers have been incorporated to
strengthen the material that would
otherwise be brittle

Concrete Mix

Tied
Rebar

History
The use of reinforced concrete is a
relatively recent invention, usually
dated to 1848 when jean-Louis Lambot
became the first to use it
Joseph Monier, a French gardener,
patented a design for reinforced garden
tubs in 1868, and later patented
reinforced concrete beams and posts for
railway and road guardrails

Precast Concrete
"Precast concrete" means a concrete
member
that is cast and cured at a location other
than its final
designated location

Precast concrete blocks

History

Material in RCC
Concrete is a
mixture of
Portland cement
and stone
aggregate.
Stone aggregate
can be made up
from small grains
of sand, fist-sized
rocks, or a
combination of

Material

In Precast

Precast concrete members may be solid

or may contain hollow cores. Many
precast components have thinner cross
sections than cast in place concrete.
Precast concrete may be either normal
or lightweight concrete.

Solid
Precast
Blocks

Hollow
Precast Block

Concrete Masonry Units

(CMU)
Block is typically formed with large
hollow cores. Block with a minimum
75% solid cross section is called solid
block even though it contains hollow
cores. In many cases, building codes
require steel reinforcing bars to be
placed in the hollow cores, and the
cores to be filled solid with grout.

CMU

Slag Masonry units

It is highly
unsusceptible
to fire and
due to its
cellular
structure, has
high sound
and thermal
insulation
quality.

Slag concrete masonry

units have low drying
shrinkages.

Slag concrete
masonry units have
a great effect on
both sound
absorption and the
reduction in sound
transmission
through walls.

Theoretically
there are no
restrictions on
the use of
skeletal framed
precast
construction.
Irregular and
challenging
architectural
designs on many
occasions are
more suitable to
precasting.

About Precast

uitability of precast construction

Off-site manufacture
The manufacturing of the major
components of the building off-site
reduces the site labour component
dramatically, which in turn, reduces
site costs and time.
The erection crew, necessary for
precast construction, will usually
consist of only about 5-6 people,
rather than the several dozen
required for in-site construction.

Quality Control
The production of
components offsite, in a factory
environment
allows each of
the facets
involved in
manufacturing to
be strictly
controlled, and
hence, optimum
quality to be

Architectural
finishes including
colours, surface
finishes and
carefully moulded
surfaces allow the
designer
considerable
flexibility in the
overall aesthetic
appearance of a
structure compared
with conventional
methods.

A
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Transportation
The erection

procedure, and in
turn the design of
the structure is
very much
affected by the
weight and size of
the individual
components. The
transport of the
components is
typically by truck
and as such, it is
imperative to be
aware of allowable
component sizes
and weights. Site

The selection of crane type and

size is an important ingredient to
the viability of the precast
structure. Mobile cranes are
generally the most economical,
with the new generation of high
capacity and highly maneuverable
machines allowing the use of
larger components and access to
more restricted sites.

Cranage

Pre-cast foundation
Ten times stronger than a block foundation
It prevents water infiltration and moisture
build-up.

They keep houses warmer and drier than

conventional foundations while adding
valuable living space and increasing resale
values
To enhance strength and durability,
they are manufactured with steel-reinforced
concrete studs, rigid insulation(optional), a
reinforced top and bottom bond (footer) beam

Foundations can often be installed

in under five hours using a pre-cast
concrete system.

The bond beams and

concrete facing are
cast in one continuous
pour. They connect to
the studs by
encapsulating vertical
rebars and galvanized
hooks and pins which
protrude from the top,
bottom and back of
each stud.

A crane is
used to lift the
pre-cast
foundations
walls into
place

Prep work on the

crushed stone
sub-footer.

Once panels are

erected, sealed, and
bolted together, the
basement slab is
poured. Floor joists
above the
foundation are
conventionally
installed and
provide some of the
bracing for the
foundation walls.
Once braced by the
slab and floor
system, backfilling
against the walls

Precast piles

Typical shapes of precast prestressed

concrete piling are square, hexagonal,
octagonal and round - with a solid or
hollow core. Piles are designed to resist
compression, tension, bending and
torsion forces during the
manufacturing, transportation,
handling and installation so the
structural integrity and design purpose
are achieved.

Precast
beams

A beam is a
structural element
that carries load
primarily in
bending (flexure).
Beams are
characterized by
their profile (the
shape of their
cross-section),
their length, and
their materials.

Laying precast
beams

Precast prestressed
concrete rectangular
beams with simple
support

Precast prestressed concrete ledger

beams with simple supports

L beam

L- Beams

T-Beams

A column is a part
of a structure whose
purpose is to
transmit through
compression the
weight of the
structure. Columns
are frequently used
to support beams or
arches on which the
upper parts of walls
or ceilings rest.

Precast
columns

Column original cored

out.

Bench running the

original column

Precast columns can be produced as either

multi-storey corbelled columns or single
floor-to-floor elements

Single storey
reinforced
columns are
simple to
design, detail
and construct.

Extra
reinforcem
ent is
usually
provided at
the top and
bottom of
the
column,
these
additional
ties act as
antisplitting

The base
connection is
generally analyzed
as a pin joint and
due to connection
details the columns
tend to be
conservatively
sized,
manufactured with
high strength
concrete, and
reinforcement
typically limited to
four corner bars
with nominal ties.
This approach

Benefits of Precast Beams and Columns

Maximum durability and structural strength
Excellent for fast-track construction
Can be manufactured and erected during
inclement weather
Provides superior loading and clear spans
Cuts overall construction costs

3 Precast Floor Systems

There are numerous precast flooring
components to choose from, including
Hollow core slabs
Composite Beam / Slab (Ultra floor /
Transfloor)
Composite Prestressed Planks (MiniSlabs)
Single and Double Tee components

Hollowcore slabs are manufactured

on long line casting beds (over 100
meters in length) and saw cut to
the required length after curing.
A dry cast extrusion system in
which a very low sump concrete is
forced, or extruded, through a
machine.
A wet mix method in which a
higher sump concrete is poured in
two or more layers by a machine
similar to a large kerb and channel
machine.

The hollow
core slabs
are oriented
to either span
between load
bearing shear
walls or to
span from
the central
corridor to an
exterior wall.
Slabs can be cantilevered up to 1.8 ft (6 m)
to form exterior balconies.

Slab resting
over T-beam

Composite Beam / Slab

Composite Prestressed Plank

Is a precast, prestressed thin concrete plate which
contains bottom prestressed steel and with a very rough
surface and avery smooth bottom used as a slab.

A
worker
carefully
fits the
concrete
slabs
into

Double tees used for spans and loads

that exceed the capacity of hollow
core slabs (parking garages,
swimming pools, food processing,
large industrial buildings, etc.).
Double tees
are ideal for
floor and roof
systems
requiring
medium to
long,
uninterrupted
spans and

The cast in
place
concrete
characteristi
cs of the
system offer
unlimited
architectural
freedom in
shape design

From the drawings, Engineers will determine

the optimum arrangement of steel
reinforcement, concrete and lattice and
provide all necessary calculations prior to
manufacture and then the slab is precast .

Merits of the
precast slabs
FINISHED CEILINGS
FIRE RESISTANCE
SOUND PROOF
EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANCE

Application
s
- Housing
- Office and
Warehouse
- High rise
Building
- Jetty and
Harbour
Slab
- Bridge
- Plant

Prestressed Lintels
Precast lintels
are easy to
install, and
offer
significant
advantages
over those
poured in
place

Precast lintels
save time and
money by
eliminating
unnecessary
man hours in
the
preparation of
forms, cutting
rebar,
concrete

No need to fabricate steel

angles to span openings
and rust proofing is not
required.

Precast Walls

some consist of steelreinforced concrete ribs that run vertically and

horizontally in the panels. Others are solid
precast concrete panels.

Vertical Light
wall

Horizontal light
wall

Precast wall panels

offer many benefits
Uniformity of joints
Modular dry fix
panels
Ease and speed of
installation
Standard size
panels

Precast stair
flights are
manufactured
to incorporate
the stair flight
and landings as
a refinished
product. They
are designed in
a similar
fashion to
standard in-site
stair flights and
landings with
special

Precast
Staircases

Spandrels

Non load
bearing

Load bearing

Sandwich
spandrel

Structural spandrel

Architectural spandrel

Precast stair flights are manufactured to incorporate the stair flight and landings as a refinished product. They are designed in a similar
fashion to standard in-site stair flights and landings with special attention required in the detailing and connections.
, precast balcony units

Precast stadium seats

Precast
fences

Installation very easy.

No footing required.
It needs to go only 3-4 feet into the earth.

Precast fences
Comes in
many
textures
Maintenanc
e not
required
Made of
steel
reinforcemen
t so it is
more

PRECAST
ORNAMANTATI
ON UNITS

PRECAST ARCH

COST ESTIMATION
Providing and fixing precast plain cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2
sand : 4 well graded stone aggregate 20mm) in string courses, bands,
copings, bed plates, anchor blocks, plain window sills and the like including
centering and shuttering and finishing smooth with 6mm thick cement
plaster 1:3 (1cement : 3 fine sand) on exposed surfaces complete upto
floor five level.

Rs.5,355.90
Providing and fixing precast reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 (1
cement : 2 sand4 well graded stone aggregate 20mm) in string
courses, bands, copings, bed plates, anchor blocks, plain window sills
and the like including centering and shuttering and finishing smooth
with 6mm thick cement plaster 1:3 (1cement : 3fine sand) on
exposed surfaces complete but excluding cost of reinforcement upto
floor five level.

Rs.5,415.80

Providing and laying precast cement concrete hollow blocks of

standard size 39cm x 19cm x 9cm in cement mortar 1 : 4 in
superstructure including curing etc. complete

Rs.389.60 sq.mt
Providing and fixing 15cm dia at top and 20cm at bottom 90cm
high precast RCC 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded
stone aggregate 20mm size) boundary stone as per standard
design including smooth finishing with cement mortar 1:3
(1cement : 3 fine sand), curing etc. complete. (excluding cost
of excavation, refilling and concreting).

Rs.245.10 each
Providing and fixing precast Rcc standard post 1.8m long concrete
1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 well graded stone aggregates
12.50mm size) standard posts with wooden plugs or 6mm bar nibs
including smooth finishing with cement mortar 1:3 (1cement : 3 fine
sand), curing etc. complete. (excluding cost of excavation, refilling
and concreting).

The Double-storey Verandah

With Its Signature 63-metre-long
Precast Concrete Screen.

No false work is necessary

Can be placed across highways in service
Short delivery time
Does not require skilled labor for erection
Bottom surface is smooth
Thinner deck resulting in higher vertical
clearance
Fast construction
Economical construction
Provides a precast solution with a range of
sizes