1

(Reasoning)

2
1. (Inductive Reasoning)
2. (Deductive Reasoning)
1









(Scientific Method)




2, 4, a a
2, 4
2 + 2 = 4

a = 6
a = 23
2 = 21 4 = 22

10
A B 1 : 2 C
A B 1 : 2 C

(pattern)






1

Sol n

0+2

..

2+4

..

4 + 6

..

8 + (10) =

..

10 + (12) =

..

2 5

Sol n
52

..

..

..

..

..

15
25
35
45

..
..

3 33,415
Sol n

3n n

=
.
31

32
=
.
=
.
33

34
=
.

35
=
.

36
=
.

37
=
.


38
=
.

4 1

4 2

4 3

3,415 4

33,415
4

P1(x) x 2 , P2 (x) 3x 2 4 , P3 (x) 5x 3 8

Sol n

P8 (x)

P4 (x) 7x 4 16

P8 (2)

P1(x) x 2

P2 (x) 3x 2 4

P3 (x) 5x 3 8

P4 (x) 7x 4 16

P8 (x) = ..

P8 (2) =

5 (Karl Friedrich Gauss ; 1777 1855)

1 100 50 101
( ) 50 101 = 5,050
1

...

98

99

100

101
101
101

Sol n (1) 1 + 2 + 3 + + 150

(2) 1 + 2 + 3 + + 300

(3) 1 + 2 + 3 + + 125

(4) 2 + 4 + 6 + + 100

(5) 1 + 3 + 5 + + 99

(6) 1 + 2 + 3 + + n ; n

(7) 2 + 4 + 6 + + 2n

; n

(8)

1 + 3 + 5 + + (2n 1) ; n

6
(1) 3, 7, 11, 15,

1, 3, 7, 15, 31,

3 = ..

1 = .

7 = ..

3 = .

11 = .

7 = .

15 = .

15 = .

..

31 = .

10

..

10

..

...

(3) 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21,

(4)

3 = ....

6 =

10 = ...

15 = ...

21 = ...

10

.
n

..

1 1 1 1 1
, , ,
,
,...
2 6 12 20 30

1 = ....

(2)

n ( n)

10

...

1
= ...
2
1
= ...
6
1
= .....
12
1
= ..
20
...

....

(1)

5, 7, 9, 11, , 105

5 = ..

2 = ..

7 = ..

5 = ..

9 = .

10 = .

11 = .

17 = .

..

26 = ..

n ...
105 = .

(2) 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, , 170

n ...
170 = .

8 1, 2, 3 5

10 n
Sol n

1
2
3
4
5

10
n

9
(1) 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + + 89

Sol n

2 = ..

5 = ..

8 = ...

11 = ...

2+5

2+5+8

2 + 5 + 8 + 11

n ...
89 = .

2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + + 89

10 2 k
2 ( 2558)

k 1 k

99

k 1 k

k k 1
k 1

11

12

13

P(x)

x2 3x
x2 3x 2

P(1) P(2) P(3) ... P(10)

(2 1)(22 1)(24 1)(28 1)(216 1) 2n m

14

{an }

a 1 3

15

a n 1

1 an
1 an

n = 1, 2, 3

a1000

a 50

{a n }

a 25 50

16

a n a n 1 (n 2)2

a1 a2 1, a 3 2 1
a na n 1a n 2a n 3 a n a n 1 a n 2 a n 3 n

{a n }

100

ak

k1

17

f(x)

18

f(

4x
4x 2

1
2
3
99
) f(
) f(
) ... f(
)
100
100
100
100

f(x) 103x 1
f(

1
2
2014
) f(
) ... f(
)
2015
2015
2015

(POSN :

19 P(x + y) = P(x) + P(y) + 4xy

P(1) = 2 P(20)

2557)

x, y N

10

20 f(n 1) f(n) 5n
f(13) f(1)

21

A
B

A 1

n =1, 2, 3,

...
32 52 72
1
1
1
1
B

...
22 42 62 82

11

1
1.

a
1.1 3, 7, 11, a, 19
1.2 90, a, 78, 72, 66
1.3 4, 5, 7, 10, a, 19
1.4 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, a
1.5 20, 18, 14, a, 0
1.6 1, 1, 2, 6, a, 120
1.7 2, 6, 22, 56, 114, a
1.8 14, 22, 32, 44, a
1.9 5, 15, 37, 77, 141, a
1.10 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, a

2.

2.1

(1 9) + 2

11

(12 9) + 3

111

(123 9) + 4

1,111

(1234 9) + 5

11,111

=
2.2

(9 9) + 7

88

(98 9) + 6

888

(987 9) + 5

8,888

(9,876 9) + 4

88,888

=
2.3

15,873 7

111,111

15,873 14

222,222

15,873 21

333,333

15,873 28

444,444


2.4

12

11 11

121

111 111

12,321

1,111 1,111

1,234,321

=
2.5

42

2+4

82

2+4+8

16 2

2 + 4 + 8 + 16

32 2

2.6

3+6

3+6+9

3 + 6 + 9 + 12

3(2)
2
6(3)
2
9(4)
2
12(5)
2

2.7

2.8

1
12
1
1
+
12
23
1
1
1
+
+
12
23
34
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
12
23
34
45
=
1
2
1
1
+
2
4
1
1
1
+
+
2
4
8
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
2
4
8
16

=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=

1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5

1
2
1
1
4
1
1
8
1
1
16
1


3.

1 5
1

1
3.1

4
4

3.2

3.3

1, 2, 3 5

4.

13

1 5
10

1
1, 2, 3 5

14

1
2

4.1

4.2

7.

, ,
4 , ,
1 5 , ,
10

12

14

12

20

32

38

32

20

8.

O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, N, T,
( :

15

9.

1) 2
2) 1) 6
3) 2) 2
4) 3)
5)
2 8

2 10

6)

10.

1+2

1+2+3

1+2+3+4

10

1+2+3+4+5

15

1+2+3+4+5+6=

21

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10


11.

16

1
(L) 1, 2, 3 5

1
11.1
11.2
11.3

11.5
11.6
11.7

1, 2, 3 5
1, 2, 3 5
1, 2, 3 5

11.4

4
4
4
4

11.8

1 5
10

11.9

1 5
10

11.10

1 5
10


12.

17

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12

112

121

1112

12321

11112

1234321

111112

123454321

1111112

62

36

662

4356

6662

443556

66662

44435556

666662

42

16

342

1156

3342

111556

33342

11115556

333342

32

632

3696

6632

439569

66632

44395569

666632

4443955569

6666632

12

912

8281

9912

982081

99912

99820081

999912

9998200081

9999912

18
20142557

13.

14.

2105 3210

15.

16.

1
1
1
1

(m 2)(m 5) (m 5)(m 8) (m 8)(m 11) (m 11)(m 14)

1
1
1
2

...

(5x)(5x 2) (5x 2)(5x 4)

(5x 8)(5x 10) 25

17.

18.

19.

x x2

n 1

1
...
x4 x6

1
x 18 x 20

1
( n n 1)( 4 n 4 n 1)

P(1) 1 , P(2) 1 2 , P(3) 1 2 3 , .... , P(n) 1 2 3 ... n

25

P(n)
n 2 P(n) 1

20.

x 2 x4

9999

19

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

... 1

1
2

99

1
1002


21.

20
1

22.

23.

P(x)

24.

716

1010 1010 1010 ... 1010

77

2558

9x
9x 3
1
2
3
99
P
P
... P

100
100
100
100

{an }
an 1 n2 an n = 1, 2, 3.
a1 a101 5100 [PAT 1 : 2554]


25.

26.

21

f(x) 25x 2

f(

1
2
2557
) f(
) ... f(
)
2558
2558
2558

n ! 1 2 3 ... n
1! 2 !

3 ! 4 ! ... 100 !

27.

P(n)P(n+1)P(n+2) = P(n) + P(n +1) + P(n + 2)

P(1) = 1 P(2) = 2 P(2013) + P(2556)

28.

x P(n)
(1) P(1) = 1
(2) P(2x) = 4P(x) + 6
(3) P(x +2) = P(x) + 12x + 12

P(7) + P(16)

nN


29.

30.

22

a(m, n) = a(m, n 1) + a(m 1, n 1)

a(1, 1) = 10, a(2, 1) = 5, a(4, 1) = 4 a(4, 4) = 50
a(3, 1)

1
1

1
24
1
24

1
34
1
34

1
44
1
44

1
54
1
54

1
64
1
64

...
...

31.

1, 2, 3, , 11
1 43
28
x

9
1

3, 7, 10
x

32.
7

x
10

33.

23

18
7

a + b = c
25


( 2557)

25

c
a

5
1

34.

36.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5 5
1, 2, 3, 4 5
1, 2, 3, 4 5
x

3
5

1
x

37.
1

13

24

16
1, 2, 3, , 16
1
( () () ) ( () () )
1, 5, 13
x

38.

10

39.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G
F = 0 {A, B, C, D, E, G} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
AB A + B

40.

b
c d e
f

a + b + c + d + e + f


41.

25

a, b, c, d, e, f a < b < c < d < e < f

{a, b, c, d, e, f}

15
37, 50, 67, 72, 80, 89, 95, 97, 102, 110, 112, 125, 132, 147
c + d

42.

a 3 a2 3

43.

a, b {0, 1, 2, , 9} 1a5, 6b9

6b9 1a5 = 454 6b9 9 a + b

44.

ab a, b {1, 2, 3, , 9}
a b
(310 ab) (465 ba) 2790 a + b

{a1, a2, a 3 }

155

{1, 2, 3, , 14} a 2 a1 3


45.

(a, b, c, d, e, f)

26

a,b, c, d, e, f {0, 1, 2, , 9}

a 3 c2 4, 2b d2 7 e3 f 2 1

46.

a, b , c {1, 2, 3, , 9}
a + b + c

47.

a, b, c {1, 2, 3,..., 9} 3 abc

abc = ab + ba + ac + ca + bc + cb
* abc 3 ab, ba , ... 2

(56a) + (7b) + c = 416

27

( )
( )



1
1) 2
2) 10 2
10

2)

1)

1)
2)

A 2

2)
3)

1)

28

(valid)

(invalid)
2.1

1
1)
2) A
A

2
1)
2)

3
1)
2)

29

(Syllogistic Logic)
2.2

4
1. A B
2. A B
3. A B
4. A B

1

(1) :
:
A
B

A B A B

30

(2)

:
:
A

B
A B
A B

(3)

:
:
A
B

(4)

:
:

A

B

31

2
(1) 1)
2) 1
1

A
B

1 .................................

2)

H
F

1)
(2)

2)

1)

2)

.................................

32

3
(1) 1)
2)

C

I

N

1)

2)

....................................................

33

(2)

A

B

C

(2)

(1)

..................................................

34

4
1)
2)

3)
4)
1)
2)
3)

A
B

C

D

1) ..........................................................................
2) ..........................................................................
3) ..........................................................................
4) ..........................................................................
1) 4)

35

2
1.

1.1 1)
2)

2)

1.2

1.3

1.4

1)

2)

1)

2
2) 5 2
5
1)

2)
3)

1.5

1.6

1.7

36

1)

2)
3)


1)

2)
3)

1)


1.8

1)
2)
3)

1)
2)

1.9

1)
2)
3)

1)
2)
3)

37


1.10

1)
2)
3)
4)

1)
2)

1.11

1)
2)
3)

1)
2)

38

.
.
.
.


1.12

1)
2)
3)
4)

1)
2)

1.13

1)
2)
3)
4)

1)
2)
3)

39

5
2
5
2

a a
a a
a a
b
b
b
b


2.

40

2.1 1)
2)
.
2.2

1)
2)

2.3

1)
2)

2.4

1)

1)

1)

1)
2)

2.8

2)

2.7

2)

2.6

2)

2.5

1)
2)

41

3
:
:
:

1.
2.
3.
4.

3.

4.

2


.
.
.

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4.

5.

.
.

1. . .
3. . .

2.
4.

. .
. .

42

6.

4

:
:
:
:

1.
2.
3.
4.

7.

5


3
3
2
3

(AMT: 2549)
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3

5 2 2

:
:
:
:
:


1.
2.
3.
4.


9.

43

F
A C F
D
A B
C A
F D D B

A,B,C,D

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. F

10.

5 A, B, C, D E
A C D
B A C
C D
D E
E B

1. A, B, D C E
2. B D A C
3. A, B, C D E
4. B E A C

11.

, , , , 6 1 6

1 6





1 5
1. 4
2. 6
3. 2
4. 6

44

12 15
(13 ) 2
11
A = 1, J = 11, Q = 12, K = 13
11 6 ( 1 )

7 11 2
2 3 4
6 6 8
6

5 A
10 4
12.
1. 1
13.

2. 8

3. 9

4. Q

2. 11

3. 15

4. 17

3. 8

4. 10

1. 4

16.

4. 4

1. 9

15.

3. 3

6
1. 7

14.

2. 2

2. 6

5
2 2


5