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Maths Quest 7 Algebra
Maths Quest 7 Algebra
8a Using rules
8b Finding a formula
8C Substitution
8D Terms, expressions and equations
8E Simplifying and the distributive law
8F
The associative
law
number
AnD AlgebrA
WhAT Do yoU kNoW ?
Algebra
Digital docs
oPENiNG QUESTioN
251
Try the questions below. If you have difficulty with any of them, extra help can be obtained by
completing the matching SkillSHEET located on your eBookPLUS.
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Digital docs
SkillSHEET 8.1
doc-6499
eBook plus
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SkillSHEET 8.2
doc-6500
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SkillSHEET 8.3
doc-6501
Number patterns
1 For each of the following sequences of numbers, describe the pattern in words and then write
instruction.
a Multiply by 2
b Add 15
c Subtract 6
d Divide by 4
Describing a number pattern from a table
3 Describe each number pattern shown in the tables.
a
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SkillSHEET 8.4
doc-6502
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Digital docs
First number
Second number
10
11
First number
Second number
15
21
27
SkillSHEET 8.5
doc-6503
1 square
2 squares
3 squares
Number of squares
Number of sides
252
8A
Using rules
Worked Example 1
Write
Worked Example 2
aConstruct a table to show the relationship between the number of shapes in each figure and the
bDevise a rule in words that describes the pattern relating the number of shapes in each figure and
cUse your rule to work out the number of matchsticks required to construct a figure made up of
20such shapes.
Think
a
Write
Number of
triangles
Number of
matchsticks
12
20 3 = 60
To construct 20 triangles, 60 matchsticks
would be required.
Chapter 8 Algebra
253
A rule can be used to produce a set of output numbers from a set of input numbers.
We can think of this as a machine that takes any input number and changes it
according to a given rule. In this case, 5 is added to each input number. Any number
can be used as an input number. The machine might print out a table like this:
Input
Output
3
8
5
10
89
94
222
227
The rule can involve more than one step; for example: multiply each input number
by 1 and then add 5.
Worked Example 3
Input
Output
Think
a
10
38
144
Write
a
4-3=1
10 - 3 = 7
38 - 3 = 35
144 - 3 = 141
Input
Output
4
1
10
7
38
35
144
141
4
2
10
5
38
19
144
72
42=2
10 2 = 5
38 2 = 19
144 2 = 72
Input
Output
Worked Example 4
254
Input
Output
Write
1 8 = 8 then 8 - 2 = 6
24
3 8 = 24 then 24 - 2 = 22
5 8 = 40 then 40 - 2 = 38
24 8 = 192 then 192 - 2 = 190
Input
Output
1
6
3
22
5
38
24
190
WoRkED ExAmPLE 5
Use the rule given below to work out the missing input and output numbers.
Rule: Add 4 to each input number.
Input
Output
ThiNk
25
6
38
190
WRiTE
1+4=5
5+4=9
25 + 4 = 29
6-4=2
38 - 4 = 34
190 - 4 = 186
Input
Output
1
5
5
9
25
29
2
6
34
38
186
190
remember
8A
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PAThWAyS
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Activity 8-A-1
Using rules
doc-1821
Activity 8-A-2
Using rules
fLUENCy
1 WE1 Copy the patterns below, describe the pattern in words and then write the next three
b 3, 8, 13, 18, . . .
d 1, 3, 9, 27, . . .
f 1, 4, 9, 16, . . .
2 WE2 For each of the sets of shapes at the top of the next page:
i Construct a table, as shown on the previous page, to show the relationship between the
number of shapes in each figure and the number of matchsticks used to construct it.
ii Devise a rule in words that describes the pattern relating the number of shapes in each
255
a
b
3 WE3 Copy and complete the following tables. Use the rule given in each case to work out the
Input
10
14
Output
Input
13
107
Output
Input
10
51
60 144
Output
Input
12
21
66
141
Output
4 WE4 Copy and complete the following tables. Use the rule given in each case to work out the
add 5.
Input
subtract 4.
2
10
17
Output
Input
20
100
Output
multiply by 5.
Input
12
43
Output
Input
25
Output
then add 4.
Input
10
Output
Input
12
Output
5 WE5 Copy and complete the following tables. Use the rule given in each case to work out the
Input
Input
27
Output
256
55 193
Output
25
56
20
94 1773
Input
15
Input
96
Output
321
Output
12 104
28 412
UNDERSTANDiNG
6 a Multiply each input number by 2, then
add 2.
Input
subtract 7.
3
13
Input
21
Output
Input
Input
2
21
subtract 6.
Output
18
93
17
Output
54
Input
16
15 273
Output
Output
22 102
19
Output
54 174 214
49 144
15
31
5
12
15
REfLECTioN
What strategies can you use to
work out the input rule from a
table of input and output values?
finding a formula
8b
WoRkED ExAmPLE 6
WRiTE
a
m=q4+3
m = 4q + 3
Chapter 8 Algebra
257
b = (m + 2) 5
b = 5(m + 2)
g = (2 w - 6) 3
g = 3(2w - 6)
Worked Example 7
13
20
10
15
22
Think
Write
5=3+2
8=6+2
10 = 8 + 2
15 = 13 + 2
22 = 20 + 2
g=f+2
Worked Example 8
Think
258
13
21
Write
5-3=2
9-7=2
Attempt 1
a = 4 and b = 3
Attempt 2
a = 4 and b = 3
a = 5 and b = 5
a = 6 and b = 7
a = 7 and b = 9
a = 13 and b = 21
b = 2a - 5
5 2 = 10, 10 - 5 = 5
6 2 = 12, 12 - 5 = 7
7 2 = 14, 14 - 5 = 9
2 13 = 26, 26 - 5 = 21
remember
8b
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Activity 8-B-1
Finding a formula
doc-1824
Activity 8-B-2
More finding a
formula
doc-1825
Activity 8-B-3
Advanced formulae
doc-1826
finding a formula
fLUENCy
1 WE6 Rewrite the following formulas, leaving out the multiplication () sign.
a b=4h
b m=f4
c r=a5
d m=t4
e x = (k + 4) 5
f k=6w-2
g t = 4 (20 - g)
h b = 10 a - 5
i d=6f+7
j h = (x + 5) 9
k y = (b 3 + 6) 8
l y=8p-6
m g = 2 (3 r + 17)
n j = (h 5 - 4) 18
2 WE7 Look at the following tables and complete the formula for each table by inserting a
3
12
6
15
8
17
g = f + ____
c
k
t
1
3
a
g
1
6
3
7
5
11
6
13
12
25
12
50
p
w
0
2
4
18
6
26
9
38
m
p
1
2
7
4
8
5
11
8
x
y
1
2
3
16
5
30
8
51
11
72
m
t
1
20
3
38
4
47
11
110
7
27
9
37
12
52
6
53
7
63
12
113
2
29
t = 9m + ____
4
14
5
17
6
20
13
41
w = ____ p + 2
i
4
1
y = 7x - ____
g = 4a + ____
g
3
0
b = a - ____
t = 2k + ____
e
a
b
2
5
p = 3m - ____
t
x
2
2
3
7
x = ____ t - 8
4
11
7
20
15
44
s
b
1
3
5
43
b = s ____ - 7
Chapter 8 Algebra
259
a
b
2
5
4
7
5
8
8
11
12
15
t
w
1
6
2
7
3
8
8
13
15
20
m
a
4
0
5
1
7
3
11
7
12
8
s
t
0
3
1
5
2
7
5
13
12
27
f
g
1
1
3
5
4
7
6
11
11
21
s
c
1
4
3
10
7
22
9
28
12
37
d
a
2
5
4
13
5
17
7
25
12
45
s
g
1
1
2
6
5
21
6
26
10
46
f
e
2
2
3
13
4
24
8
68
11
101
p
q
1
24
2
44
5
6
104 124
12
244
b
t
20
80
55 60 75 100
220 240 300 400
u
p
5
14
10
29
20
59
100 7000
299 20999
Understanding
For questions 4 to 12, a formula has been used by an algebra machine to produce each table.
4 MC
a
b
0
2
1
3
3
5
6
8
36
38
C b = a + 2
1
0
2
1
4
3
18
17
56
55
C k = g - 1
5
0
6
1
8
3
9
4
17
12
C w = 2r - 5
0
0
6
12
7
14
9
18
21
42
C m = p + 2
1
8
2
9
5
12
7
14
98
105
C w = m + 7
2
8
3
11
4
14
11
35
78
236
C t = 4p
2
10
3
15
4
20
11
55
78
390
C k = g + 8
5 MC
g
k
6 MC
r
w
7 MC
p
m
8 MC
m
w
9 MC
p
t
10 MC
g
k
260
b
a
1
9
2
11
9
25
14
35
65
137
C a=b+8
12 mC
2
25
3
37
5
61
7
85
11
133
REASoNiNG
14 Look at the following tables and use the variables given to write a formula for each table.
a
b
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Digital docs
WorkSHEET 8.1
doc-1819
10
24
99
11
15
10
32
200
REfLECTioN
What strategies can you use to
help you find a formula?
Substitution
8C
If we know the rule or formula for a particular table, we can take on the role of an algebra
machine and find the numbers that are needed to fill any gap.
When a variable in a formula is replaced by a number, we say that the number is substituted
into the formula.
WoRkED ExAmPLE 9
If x = 3t - 6, substitute the given values of t into the formula to find the value of x in each case.
a t=5
b t = 12
ThiNk
a
WRiTE
x = 3t - 6
Substitute 5 for t.
x=35-6
x = 15 - 6
x=9
Substitute 12 for t.
x = 3 12 - 6
x = 36 - 6
x = 30
If
t=5
x = 3t - 6
If
t = 12
Chapter 8 Algebra
261
WoRkED ExAmPLE 10
Find the value of m by substituting the given value of x into the formula below.
m = 3(2x + 3), x = 4
ThiNk
WRiTE
m = 3(2x + 3)
Substitute 4 for x.
If
m = 3(8 + 3)
m = 3(11)
m = 3 11
x=4
m = 3(2 4 + 3)
= 33
remember
ExERCiSE
8C
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Activity 8-C-1
Substitution
doc-1827
Activity 8-C-2
More substitution
doc-1828
Activity 8-C-3
Advanced
substitution
doc-1829
262
Substitution
fLUENCy
1 WE9 Substitute the given values into each formula to find the value of m in each case.
a m=g-2
i g=4
ii g = 5
iii g = 2
iv g = 102
b m = 2t - 3
i t=7
ii t = 2
iii t = 100
iv t = 8
c m = 12h + 7
i h=1
ii h = 0
iii h = 5
iv h = 20
d m = 25 - 4w
i w=1
ii w = 3
iii w = 6
iv w = 0
2 WE10 Find the value of m by substituting the given value of the variable into the formula.
a m = 2(g + 1)
i g=1
ii g = 0
iii g = 12
iv g = 75
b m = 5(x - 2)
i x=6
ii x = 10
iii x = 11
iv x = 2
c m = 4(12 - p)
i p=2
ii p = 3
iii p = 12
iv p = 11
d m = 5(2g - 3)
i g=2
ii g = 14
iii g = 5
iv g = 9
e m = 2(d + 2) - 3
i d=3
ii d = 0
iii d = 7
iv d = 31
ii f = 3
iii f = 6
iv f = 21
g m = 4s - s
i s = 3
ii s = 1
iii s = 101
iv s = 72
h m = 3(y + 5) - 2
i y = 1
ii y = 5
iii y = 0
iv y = 12
ii v = 7
iii v = 1
iv v = 8
m = 50 - 6v
i v = 4
Understanding
3 Most tinned and packaged foods that we buy have labels which list the nutritional content
of the food. Most of the energy (measured in calories or kilojoules) in food comes from fat,
protein and carbohydrates.
It is estimated that there are 9 calories in each gram of fat and 4 calories in each gram of
protein and each gram of carbohydrate. Hence, if a particular food contained 1.6 grams of fat,
2.1 grams of protein and 16.3 grams of carbohydrate, it would be equal to 1.6 9 = 14.4 calories
of fat, 2.1 4 = 8.4 calories of protein and 16.3 4 = 65.2 calories of carbohydrate. The total
number of calories would be 88 (that is, 14.4 + 8.4 + 65.2).
a From the label shown, write the number of grams of fat, protein and carbohydrate in
100 grams of baked beans.
b Estimate how many calories there would be in 100 grams of baked beans using the
263
Food
1 hot cross bun
100 grams of chocolate cake
100 grams of roast chicken
70 grams of bacon
2 grilled sausages
1 piece of fish (flake), no batter
10 grams of sultanas
25 grams of dried apricots
1 banana
1 apple
1 serve of carrots
1 serve of potatoes
250 millilitres of milk
210 grams of tinned tomato noodle soup
Number
of grams
of fat
3
16
14
8
17
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0.8
Number
Number of Number Number
of grams
grams of
of
of
of protein carbohydrate calories kilojoules
3
19
56
4
0
26
0
21
15
13
0
21
6
0
17
0
20
1
0
17
0
5
0
17
8
12
2.6
14.9
g Which quantity of food in this list has the highest number of calories? Is this what you
expected?
h What types of food in this list generally have a lower number of calories?
A calorie is an energy measurement unit in the imperial system. Nowadays we mostly use
the metric system unit of kilojoules to measure energy. It is estimated that the number of
kilojoules is equivalent to the number of calories multiplied by 4.2.
i Use a variable to represent each of
the quantities number of calories
and number of kilojoules and write
a formula connecting them.
j Convert the calories you calculated
in b to kilojoules (rounding to the
nearest kilojoule). Compare this to
the value on the label.
k Complete the final column of your
table by using the formula to find the
number of kilojoules for each listed
food. (Round your answers to the
nearest kilojoule.)
Reasoning
4 The dining tables at the Trio theatre restaurant are triangular in shape. Diners are seated at the
The manager of the restaurant has received a booking from a large party. She sets out a row
of 24 tables. How many diners can be seated at this row of tables?
264
diners (D). Using the diagrams above, write in the pairs of numbers.
b Draw a diagram to work out the number of diners who could sit at a row of 4 tables. Now
draw another diagram to show the number of diners who could sit at a row of 5 tables.
Write these pairs of values in your table.
c Work out the formula which connects the number of diners and the number of tables.
Write the formula in the form D = ...
d Substitute T = 24 into the formula to find out how many guests could be seated at the row
of 24 tables.
5 Jane is tiling the floor in her bathroom. She has decided to use blue and white tiles in the
following pattern:
1 section, 4 pieces
2 sections, 7 pieces
3 sections, 10 pieces
Michael calculates that he will need 220 sections to fence off his first paddock.
How many pieces of timber will Michael need? Find the cost of the fence if each piece of
timber costs $3.85.
Follow the steps below.
a Draw a table with 2 rows, one headed S showing the number of sections and one headed
c
d
e
P showing the number of pieces of timber required. Write in the numbers from the
diagrams above.
Draw a sketch of the fence with 4 sections, following the same pattern. Count the number
of pieces of timber required. Draw a sketch for 5 sections and count the pieces required.
Enter both pairs of numbers into your table in the correct columns.
Use trial and error to find the formula connecting P and S. Write the formula in the form
P = ...
Substitute S = 220 into the formula to find out how many pieces of timber Michael needs.
Find the cost of the fence.
Chapter 8 Algebra
265
sign from square lights. Several small T-shirt shop signs are shown below:
Arm length = 1
Arm length = 2
Arm length = 3
Number of lights = 4
Number of lights = 7
Number of lights = 10
Find out how many square light panels would be needed to make up a large sign with an arm
length of 75. Follow the steps below.
a Draw a table with rows headed A (arm length), and L (number of lights needed).
b Write in the values of A and L from the diagrams above.
c Complete the diagrams showing the number of lights needed for a sign with an arm
length of 4, and a sign with an arm length of 5. Add these values to your table.
d Look at the table to determine the formula which connects L and A. Write the formula in
the form L = ...
e Substitute A = 75 into the formula to find the number of lights needed for the large
display sign.
8 Karl Frederick Gauss, when he was a young man, discovered the sum S of the first n natural
n( n + 1)
.
numbers is given by the formula S =
reflection
2
What strategies could you use
Using this formula, find the answer to
to check that your answer is
a 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 46 + 47 + 48 + 49
reasonable?
b 54 + 55 + 56 + 57 + ... + 85 + 86 + 87 + 88.
8D
Worked Example 11
Write expressions to represent the total number of coins in each of the following situations where
represents a full moneybox and
coins in a moneybox.
a Mary fills one moneybox and has two coins left over.
bValentino and Loris decide to combine their coins. Valentino has three moneyboxes with four coins
left over and Loris has two moneyboxes with six coins left over. That is,
Valentino has
Loris has
Think
a
266
The total number of coins will be found by adding the number of coins in
one moneybox plus two coins left over.
Write
a
1c+2
= c + 2
(3c + 4) + (2c + 6)
= (3c + 2c) + (4 + 6)
= 5c + 10
Simplify.
Worked Example 12
Write
The expression is T + G or G + T.
Constant
y = 3x - 2
Term
Term Term
Expression Expression
Equation
Worked Example 13
Write
a 5 Y or 5Y
Chapter 8 Algebra
267
b Y-2
c Y+8
e Y+1
(fraction).
number.
Y
or Y 4
4
Worked Example 14
Write
a B + G or G + B
b xy
c 6(t + f)
d 4b - 8
Worked Example 15
268
Write
a
remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8D
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PAThWAyS
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Activity 8-D-1
Terms and
expressions
doc-1830
Activity 8-D-2
Advanced terms
and expressions
doc-1832
b
e
2 Christie and Jane both had two full moneyboxes and seventeen coins each. They combined
2(
expression to calculate how many coins the girls had in total, assuming that all the
moneyboxes held the same number of coins.
c What is the total amount that the girls spent on their day out?
3 Luke has three macadamia nut trees in his backyard. He saves takeaway containers to store
the nuts in. He has two types of containers, rectangular
and round
. Using m to
represent the number of nuts in a rectangular container and n to represent the number of nuts in
a round container, write expressions for the following.
a
b
c
d
where
e
4 Luke found that a rectangular container holds 17 nuts and a round container holds 12 nuts.
Calculate how many nuts Luke would have for each part in question 3 by substituting the
269
eBook plus
Weblink
Algebraic
expressions
game
group of T students
b The amount of money earned by selling B cakes where each
270
expression written in words, choose the answer that you think matches:
a five times the number
a N + 5
b 5N
c N - 5
d N 5
e 5 - N
c N + 52
d N - 52
e N 52
c N - 1
d N + 1
e 12N
d NS
e N - 5
1
2
d N - 2
e 2 + N
c N - 4
d 4 - N
e N 4
d 2N + D
e N + T
b N 2
c N +
d x + 5
e 10
b Chris is 2 years older than Jenny. If Jenny is x years old then Chriss age is:
a x - 2
b 2x
c x + 2
d 2
x
2
c Duy earns $5 per week more than Ben. If Duy earns $x, then Ben earns:
a x + 5
b 5x
c x - 5
d 5 + x
e 5 - x
e x + 2
e 2x + 2
f Gian is half Carlas age. If Gian is x years old, then Carlas age is:
1
x
b x + 2
c 2x
d 1 x
e x - 1
2
2
2
13 aAli earns $7 more per week than Halit. If Halit earns $x, find their total earnings per week.
b Sasha is twice as old as Kapila. If Kapila is x years old, find their total age.
c Frank has had 3 more birthdays than James. If James is 2x years old, find their total age.
Chapter 8 Algebra
271
a
b
c
8E
i 1 hour?
Terms containing exactly the same variables, regardless of order, are called like terms.
Examples of like and non-like terms are:
Like terms
Non-like terms
5e and 6e
5x and 5y
x and 13x
12xy and 21x
2bc and 4cb
15abc and 4bcd
3g2 and 45g2
16g and 45g2
When simplifying expressions, we can add or subtract like terms only.
272
Worked Example 16
Where possible, simplify the following expressions by adding or subtracting like terms.
a 4g + 6g
b 11ab - ab
c 6ad + 5da
d 4t + 7t - 5
e 8x + 3y
Think
a The variables are the same. The terms can be
Write
a
4g + 6g = 10g
11ab - ab = 10ab
4t + 7t - 5 = 11t - 5
8x + 3y cannot be simplified.
added.
b The variables are the same. The terms can be
Worked Example 17
Simplify the following expressions first, then find the value of the expression if a = 4.
a 5a + 2a
b 7a - a + 5
Think
a
Write
a
5a + 2a = 7a
If a = 4
Evaluate.
7a = 7 a
=74
= 28
If a = 4
Evaluate.
6a + 5 = 6 a + 5
=64+5
= 24 + 5
= 29
7a - a + 5 = 6a + 5
Chapter 8 Algebra
273
a+b
The distributive law is the name given to this process because the number out in front is
distributed to each of the terms in the brackets.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
The distributive law can be used when the terms inside the brackets are either added or
subtracted.
a(b - c) = ab - ac
The distributive law is not used when the terms inside the brackets are multiplied or divided.
You can see this with numbers 2(4 5) = 2 4 5 not (2 4) (2 5).
When simplifying expressions, you can leave the result in either factorised form or expanded
form, but not a combination of both.
Worked Example 18
Write
a
4(2a + d) = 4 2a + 4 d
= 8a + 4d
a(3x + 2y) = a 3x + a 2y
3(k + 4a - m) = 3 k + 3 4a - 3 m
= 3ax + 2ay
= 3k + 12a - 3m
Worked Example 19
274
Write
= 8s + 12k - 2k
= 8s + 10k
= 3a - ac + a
= 4a - ac
4(2s + 3k) - 2k = 4 2s + 4 3k - 2k
a(3 - c) + a = a 3 - a c + a
remember
8e
iNDiViDUAL
PAThWAyS
eBook plus
Activity 8-E-1
More of the
distributive law
doc-1834
Activity 8-E-3
Advanced use of
the distributive law
doc-1835
c
f
i
l
o
r
u
x
c 12ab - 12ab
f 9g - 9g + 2
i 5y + 2y - y
5t + 5s
7r + 2r + 5r - r
18f - 2f + 5
18bg - 18bg
6pr + 2 + 5rp
32t - 31t
5t + 6t - 8
5r + 17r + 4 + 2
4 WE17 Simplify the following expressions first, then find the value of the expression if a = 7.
a 3a + 2a
b 7a + 2a
c 6a - 2a
d 9a + a
e 13a + 2a - 5a
f 3a + 7a
g 17 + 5a + 3a
h 6a - a + 2
i a+a
j 7a - 6a
k 7a - 7a
l 12a + 5a - 16
5 WE18 Use the distributive law to write the following expressions in expanded form, then
simplify.
3(a + 2b)
10(2g + 3h)
2c(8d - q)
x(9a + 7b)
a
c
e
g
b
d
f
h
5(x - 4z)
b(2c - 3a)
3b(3b - 2g)
7k(t + 3m)
6 WE19 Write the following expressions in expanded form, then simplify if possible.
a 5(a + 2b) - 3a
b 4(n - 2c) + n
c 9(b + 2c) - 9b
d x(a - b) + x
e y(3 + 2z) + 2y
f 3x(d - 3) + 4x
g 6u(2f - 1) + 20u
h 7n(10 + 3h) - 50n
Chapter 8 Algebra
275
D 6f
E 5t
D a+2
E 6a
D 5
E 5abe
D btg
E b+g+t
D 12f
E 12p
D m+2
E 20
D xzy
E 9z
Digital docs
WorkSHEET 8.2
doc-1820
276
REfLECTioN
What strategies will you use to
identify like terms?
8F
Worked Example 20
a2 w + 8 d +
b x
)=(
) 4g =
+ 8d + 5h
( d 4 g)
Think
Write
) (
2 w + 8d + 5h = 2 w + 8d + 5h
( x d ) 4g = x
(d 4g)
The commutative law for addition is: a + b = b + a. Using numbers we can see that
5+3=8 and 3 + 5 = 8.
The commutative law for multiplication is: a b = b a. Using numbers we can see that
2 3 = 6 and 3 2 = 6.
The commutative law does not hold for subtraction and division. Using numbers, we can see
that 5 - 3 3 - 5 and 6 2 2 6.
Worked Example 21
a4 r + 6 t +
) = 5g + (
ba 3 t 2 w = 2 w
Think
Write
4r + 6t + 5g = 5g + 4r + 6t
a ( 3t 2 w ) = 2 w 3t a
Chapter 8 Algebra
277
remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ExERCiSE
8F
iNDiViDUAL
PAThWAyS
eBook plus
Activity 8-F-1
More of the
associative law
doc-1837
w+ r
) (
6y =
( 9 y + ) + 3w =
6t 4r
+ ( 2r + 3w )
( z + 2 p) +
6t + 3w +
)=
( 3c + w ) +
= d+
+ ( 6t + 7v )
int-2349
278
+ 6t
3s
b
d
) = 2c ( )
) 2y = 2y (3b )
s 9r
(g
3 State whether the following are True or False. (Hint: If youre not sure, try substituting values
Interactivity
Associative and
commutative
laws
=z
4r
UNDERSTANDiNG
a
c
e
g
eBook plus
) = (6
2 WE21 Use the associative and commutative laws to complete the following.
Activity 8-F-3
Advanced use of
the associative law
doc-1838
) + 6y
b
d
f
h
x (d + y) = (x d ) + y
4 (a c) = (4 a) c
4t - ( p + 2b) = (4t - p) + 2b
a + (b c) = (a c) + b
4 Find the values of the following expressions and comment on the results if a = 3, b = 8, c = 2.
a i 3a + (2b + 4c)
ii (3a + 2b) + 4c
b i 9a - (2b - 5c)
ii (9a - 2b) - 5c
c i a (b c)
ii (a b) c
d i 4a (3b 2c)
ii (4a 3b) 2c
REASoNiNG
5 Janet and Judy want to buy a set of DVDs. Janet has $47 less than the purchase price, and Judy
has $2 less. If they pool their money, they still do not have enough to buy the DVDs. If the set
costs a whole number of dollars, what is its price?
6 The associative law refers to the order in which three numbers may be added, subtracted,
multiplied or divided, taking two at a time. It always holds true for addition and multiplication. So:
12 + (6 + 2) = (12 + 6) + 2 and
12 (6 2) = (12 6) 2.
Generally it does not hold true for subtraction and
division. So:
REfLECTioN
a - (b - c) (a - b) - c and
Does the associative law
a (b c) (a b) c.
hold when you are adding
Investigate to find values for a, b and c that would
fractions? How do you know?
make the associative law true for subtraction and division.
Summary
Using rules
By observing number patterns, we can discover the rules by which a pattern is produced.
In algebra, a rule can be used to produce a set of output numbers from a set of input numbers.
Finding a formula
When a variable in a formula is replaced by a number, we say that the number is substituted
into the formula.
Terms, expressions and equations
Homework
book
Using terms from the summary above, and other terms if you wish, construct a concept
map that illustrates your understanding of the key concepts covered in this chapter.
Compare your concept map with the one that you created in What do you know? on this
chapters opening page. Have you completed the two Homework sheets, the Rich task and
two Code puzzles in your Maths Quest 7 Homework book?
Chapter 8 Algebra
279
Chapter review
D g = 10a
E g = 5a - 10
fluency
1 Copy and complete the tables below. For each
13
15
subtract 3.
4
10
4
11
11
32
1
5
4
32
7
59
8
68
23
203
16
p
q
20
0
6
3
15
5
21
6
24
12
42
q = ___ p + 6
Input
Output
15
16
33
3
table.
a
Input
Output
15
22
106
by 2.
Input
Output
6
18
96
Input
Output
11
15
21
71
4
14
5
15
6
16
a g = 5a + 6
b g = a - 10
C g = a + 10
Maths Quest 7 for the Australian Curriculum
10
13
12
13
23
17
22
32
47
117
11
15
19
23
43
subtract 5.
280
3
8
y = 9x - ___
a
g
x
y
2
5
13
1
2
t = 3m
t = 3m - 1
t=m+5
t = 3m + 1
t = 3m - 2
a
b
C
D
E
Input
Output
m
t
Input
Output
23
33
x
y
105
12
b d = 3x
x
d
c h = 6 - x
x
h
x
n
10
11
12
13
8 Write expressions for the following:
a the difference between M and C
b money earned by selling B cakes for $3 each
c the product of X and Y
d 15 more than G
e 1 more than D
f the cost of 12 bananas at H cents each
g T multiplied by 5.
9 Simplify the following expressions by adding or
6y - 2y + y
4t + 6 + 3t
12gh + 6hg
8t - 2m + 3t
3m + m
7g + 8g + 8 + 4
7h + 4t - 3h
2b + 7c + 8b
11axy - 3axy
Simplify the following expressions first, then find
the value of the expression if x = 5.
a 7x + 3x
b 2x + 3x - 4
c 11x + 12x
d x + 2x
e 4x - x
f 3x - 2x + 16
g 21x - 13x + 7
h 11 + 2x + 5x
i 7x - 4x + 3x
Use the distributive law to expand the following.
a 7(m - 3k)
b w(g + 9a)
c 2y(8h - 7)
d 10m(7r - 2p)
e 3g(2a + 2c)
f 4j(6x - 3y)
Expand the following and simplify if possible.
a 5(t - 2s) - 3t
b 4(a + 3g) - 2g
c d(3f + 9) - 2d
d 4z(2 - a) + 7z
e 3p( f - 2q) + 7p
f 10b(a + 6) + 5b
Use the associative law to complete the following.
=
+
+ 5c
a a + 3b +
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
1
b
+ 2b +
a
) (
)=(
)
+ 2b )
z=
(
(
( d 3y )
a
d c
b
7g
) (
( w + ) + 4r =
2
2d
3
d (3z 5b)
c
) + 3m
+ ( 5g + w )
) = ( r 2d )
=
(6m 5b)
Chapter 8 Algebra
281
1 hut, 6 struts
2 huts, 11 struts
3 huts, 16 struts
c Look at the table to determine the formula that connects S and H. Write the formula in the form S =
d Substitute H = 34 into the formula to find the number of metal struts needed for the row of huts.
The engineers at Surfside Constructions have advised builders that only one of the metal strut cross bracings
is required. Only 5 struts are required for the back wall of each hut. The diagram below is the amended plan
for the huts struts.
1 hut, 5 struts
2 huts, 9 struts
e Draw a diagram showing the number of struts needed for a row of 3 huts.
f Repeat steps a to c for a beach hut containing 5 struts as illustrated in the diagram above.
g How many metal struts will now be required for the back wall of a row of 34 beach huts?
4 A seed you have planted in a pot is starting to grow. When you first notice the seedling, you measure it to be
2.4 centimetres high. Each day after this you continue to measure its height.
6.6 cm
5.2 cm
3.8 cm
2.4 cm
First measurement
1 day later
2 days later
3 days later
Chapter 8 Algebra
283
d
e
f
g
Bianca.
Biancas age.
b If Bianca is 7 years old today. Work out the
the form
4
284
1
4
= 1, 30
= 1, 1.2
1
1.2
=1
numbers:
3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, ...
What is the 50th number in this set?
13 A birds head is
1
3
eBook plus
Interactivities
Test yourself
Chapter 8
int-1820
Word search
int-2597
Crossword
int-2598
Chapter 8 Algebra
285
eBook plus
ACTiViTiES
Chapter Opener
Digital docs
8a
Using rules
8b
Finding a formula
Digital docs
Substitution
286
8D
8E
Digital docs