Professional Documents
Culture Documents
World Textbook Table of Contents
World Textbook Table of Contents
Becoming Human
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
45
159
197
267
303
341
383
233
83
121
xix
xxi
xxii
xxiv
xxvii
xxviii
xxviii
xxx
Media Ancillaries
For Students
xxvii
xxxii
xxxii
For Instructors
xxxii
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
xxxiii
xxxv
Chapter
BECOMING HUMAN
Creation Narratives
11
12
14
xxxviii
viii
Conte nts
19
19
20
21
Conclusi on
22
27
31
33
35
38
38
42
Chapter 2
46
46
47
51
51
51
52
54
53
56
56
58
55
SO
22
Contents
58
59
61
63
65
63
67
68
68
71
71
72
74
Sub-Saharan Africa
Conclusion
72
75
75
78
78
81
Chapter 3
NOMADS, TERRITORIAL
STATES, AN12> MICROSOCIETIES,
2000-1200 BCE 83
Nomadic Movement and the Emergence of Territorial States
The Territorial State in Egypt
88
BCE)
(1550-1069
BCE)
91
90
84
ix
Contents
93
94
Mesopotamian Kingship
96
96
97
99
103
103
104
105
107
Conclusion
99
105
111
114
114
118
Chapter 4
122
122
122
New Technologies
123
Administrative Innovations
126
129
130
128
Contents
136
The Greeks
136
The Phoenicians
The Israelite s
135
138
138
140
140
142
144
146
147
Conclusion
143
147
148
152
152
156
Chapter 5
162
162
Innovations in Thought
164
165
165
166
139
xi
xii
Contents
167
169
172
170
173
175
176
180
181
Conclusion
180
184
187
190
190
194
Chapter 6
199
202
204
210
207
212
212
213
213
206
198
Co nte nts
214
215
215
219
Conclusion
221
221
224
228
228
230
Chapter 7
300 BCE-300 CE
BC E) :
235
A Crucial Forerunner
239
238
238
242
243
244
245
245
235
252
250
xiii
xiv
Contents
253
Conclusion
253
254
255
257
262
262
264
Chapter 8
268
274
276
277
279
279
280
282
284
284
286
287
285
286
282
288
288
268
Contents
Conclusion
295
298
300
Chapter 9
304
305
308
310
310
315
319
321
324
327
327
329
330
333
315
316
Conclusion
312
332
327
305
298
xv
xvi
Contents
336
336
338
Chapter 10
342
345
347
347
348
351
352
352
Christian Europe
353
356
357
Localization of Power
357
359
359
362
364
368
368
368
345
.-
/
Conclusion
Content s
373
376
376
380
Chapter 11
383
384
384
Rebuilding States
389
Western Christendom
391
392
396
Ming China
400
402
404
Restoring Order
404
405
407
Conclusion
396
408
410
414
414
FURTHER READINGS
GLOSSARY
CREDITS
INDEX
G-1
C-1
l-1
R-1
416
xvii
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
Climate Change at the End of the Third Millennium BCE in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus
Valley 64
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
Prophets and the Founding Texts: Comparing Confucius and the Buddha
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
100
126
172
208
258
280
360
398
320
CHAPTER 1
18
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
City-States to Empires
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
Great Empires Compared : The Han, the Roman, and the British Empires after World War I
248
CHAPTER 8
One God, Two Communities: Comparing the Structures of Christianity and Judaism, 600
274
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
62
89
135
178
222
CE
322
350
390
xxi
CHAPTER1
Competing Perspectives: Creation
Narratives ....... . .. . . . .... . ........ . . . ......... 38
"The Sacrifice of Purusha" from Rig Veda (1500 BCE)
Genesis 1:1-31 from the Bible
"The Creation of the Universe" from the Huainanzi
(ca. 1100 BCE)
Popul Vuh (date of origin unknown)
Yoruba Creation Narrative (date of origin unknown)
Int erpreting Visual Evidence:
Prehistoric Art . . . . .. . . . . ............. .. . . .... ... .42
CHAPTER2
CHAPTER4
Competing Perspectives: Consolidating
Early Empires . . . .... . ..... . .. . ............. . ... 152
CHAPTER 3
Competing Perspectives: Law Codes of Territorial
States and Pastoral Nomads . .......... . . . .... . .. 114
xxii
CHAPTERS
Competing Perspectives: Axial
Age Ideas ......... . .... . ... . ...... . ....... .. . . . 190
The Gathas from The Hymns of Zoroaster
(1000-600 BCE)
The Analects (c. 400 BCE), Confucius
The Dhammapada (3rd century BCE), Buddha
The Apology of Socrates (c. 400 BCE), Plato
Interpreting Visual Evidence: Elsewhere
in the Axial Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Nok figurine
Nok terracotta
Olmec Young Lord
Olmec jaguar
CHAPTER6
Competing Perspectives: Spread of Ideas ... . . .. . . 228
"The Ancient City of Alexandria" (early 1st century CE), Strabo
The Kalinga Edict (261 BCE), ASoka
"Sagala: City of the Gods" (c. 150-130 BCE) from The
Questions of King Menander
Gold octadrachm
Bronze karshapana
Menander coin
Bronze jimo
Bronze ban liang
CHAPTER 7
Competing Perspectives: Maintaining Political
and Domestic Order . . .. ... .. ... . ....... ... .. . . . 262
Dong Zhongshu on Responsibilities of Han Rulership
(2000 BCE)
The Role of the Roman State (44 BCE), Cicero
Lessons for Women (c. 100 CE), Ban Zhao
On Women in Rome (first century CE), Musonius Rufus
Interpreting Visual Evidence: Images of Power ... 264
CHAPTERS
Competing Perspectives: Pilgrimage and
Universalizing Religions . . .. . .. .... . .. ... .. .. . .. 298
Diary of a Pilgrimage (late 4th century CE), Egeria
A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (early 5th century cE), Faxian
Bhagavata Purana (recorded c. 500 CE)
Interpreting Visual Evidence: Representations of
Holiness .... .. . .... .. . .... .. . . . . . .. .... . .. .. ... 300
Yungang Caves
Perpetua and Felicitas
Kalyanasundara of Parvati and Shiva
Royal bloodletting ritual
CHAPTER9
Competing Perspectives: Women, Faith,
and Empire . ... ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . . . .. .... .. . ... 336
Surah 4, An-Nisa' ("On Women"), from the Quran
(7th century CE)
Law of Adam nan (700 CE), Adamnan
Analects for Women (800 cE) Song Ruoxin and Song Ruozhao
Interpreting Visual Evidence: Transmission of
Religious Knowledge ...... ... .. . .... .. .... . ... . . 338
The Lindisfarne Gospel (700 CE, with tenth-century-cE
interlinear comments)
The "Diamond Sutra" (868 CE)
Ninth-century Quran
The Dresden Codex (c . 1100)
The Sivadharma (1139)
xxiii
CHAPTER10
Competing Perspectives: "World" Travelers .. ... . 376
CHAPTER 11
Competing Perspectives: Cultural Responses
to the Black Death . . . ... . . ... . .... .. . . . .. .... .. . 414
Qalandar Dervishes in the Islamic World (1548), Menavino
Flagellants in England (1350s), Robert of Avesbury
The Red Turban Movement in China (1359)
Interpreting Visual Evidence: Marking Boundaries,
Inspiring Loyalty . . . . .. ... . ........ . ,.. . . . ... . .. . 416
Spanish painting by Berruguete
The devshirme system
Chinese painting by Ch'iu Ying