This document discusses various aspects of tunneling including hydraulic analysis of rivers, types of tunnels and their components, surveying tunnel alignments, drainage, lighting and ventilation requirements, and methods of tunneling through firm and soft soils as well as rock with the purpose of lining tunnels.
This document discusses various aspects of tunneling including hydraulic analysis of rivers, types of tunnels and their components, surveying tunnel alignments, drainage, lighting and ventilation requirements, and methods of tunneling through firm and soft soils as well as rock with the purpose of lining tunnels.
This document discusses various aspects of tunneling including hydraulic analysis of rivers, types of tunnels and their components, surveying tunnel alignments, drainage, lighting and ventilation requirements, and methods of tunneling through firm and soft soils as well as rock with the purpose of lining tunnels.
2) river bank and protection structures, 3) Types of tunnels, 4) component parts of a tunnel and tunnel cross section, 5) survey for tunnel alignment, 6) drainage, 7) lighting and ventilation requirements for tunnels, 8) method of tunneling in firm, 9) soft soils and rock, 10) tunnel lining