Sheffield

Lucina Nosiglia
Sheffield is a city located in England and it is in the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries,
the Loxley, the Porter Brook, the Rivelin and the Sheaf. Sheffield is built into a natural
amphitheatre; it borders Barnsley in the north, Derbyshire in the south and west, and the Peak
District and Pennine Mountain range in the west. Sheffield is built on slopes and the climate is
temperate, December is the wettest month with 91.9 millimeters and July is the driest with 51.0
millimeters. According to the 2008 census, the population of Sheffield is about 534 500 people.

History
Sheffield has an Anglo-Saxon origin and was founded in the 8th century. Because of the increase of
the population, Sheffield was incorporated as a borough in 1843 and become as a city in 1893.
By 1296, a market had been established at what is now known as Castle Square and Sheffield
subsequently grew into a small market town. During the 1740s, a form of the crucible
steel process was discovered that allowed the manufacture of a better quality of steel than had
previously been possible. In about the same period, a technique was developed for fusing a thin
sheet of silver onto a copper ingot to produce silver plating, which became widely known
as Sheffield plate. These innovations spurred Sheffield's growth as an industrial town, but the loss
of some important export markets led to a recession in the late 18th and early 19th century. The
resulting poor conditions culminated in a cholera epidemic that killed 402 people in 1832. Years
later, there was a big flood which left 270 dead. Sheffield is known for its good production of
knives and it is the main centre of production of cutlery in England. Sheffield is an industrial city,
but the loss of some important export markets led to a recession in the late 18th and early 19th
century. During the Second World War Sheffield was target of bombing in 1940, leaving 660 dead
people. Between the years 1984-1985 there was a miners strike which affected the coal mining
eastern and north eastern of Sheffield. The construction of Meadowhall shopping centre on the
site of a former steelworks in 1900 was both good and bad situation, good due to the creation of
jobs and the drawback was that this construction marked the rapid decline of the city centre.

Sports
Today the city is home to two league clubs Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield United, top
flight ice hockey and basketball, and a Premier League speedway team. Sheffield Eagles is the
main rugby league club and operates a level below the Super League. In 1989 there was a tragedy
where 96 fans died crushed in the Hillsborough stadium. Sheffield has different sports facilities,
like the international athletic stadium Don Valley, the Hallam FM Arena and Ponds Forge where
people can go diving and swimming. There are also facilities for golf, climbing and bowling, as well
as a newly inaugurated national ice-skating arena. Sheffield was the first national city of sport in
the UK and now it is the home for the English Institute of Sport.
In 1857 a team of cricketers formed the world's first-ever official football club, Sheffield F.C. In
1860 there were 15 football clubs, but nowadays two of them are the most important which play
the Football League Championship.

Culture
The city has an annual event called Open up Sheffield which takes place on the first two weekends
of May where the local artists and the craft workers invite people to their studios and other
places. Sheffield has been home to several well-known bands and musicians, with a notably large
number of synthpop and other electronic bands originating from the city; like Pulp, Ishabella
Hudson, and Def Leppard. Sheffield has two large theatres, the Lyceum Theatre and the Crucible
Theatre, which together with the smaller Studio Theatre make up the largest theatre complex
outside London, located in Tudor Square.
Sheffield's museums are managed by two distinct organizations. Museums Sheffield manages
the Weston Park Museum, Millennium Galleries and Graves Art Gallery. Sheffield Industrial
Museums Trust manages the museums dedicated to Sheffield's industrial heritage of which there
are three. The main cultural buildings in the city are Millennium Galleries and Graves Art Galleries.
Both museums are completely free and are open from morning until five in the afternoon, not to
mention hosting outstanding art collectionsi
Regarding education, Sheffield has two main universities, the Sheffield University and the Sheffield
Hallam University; where about 45 000 students attend every yearii. The University of Sheffield is
especially known for its courses in metallurgy.

La ciudad de Sheffield. www.inglaterra.net/la-ciudad-de-sheffield-en-inglaterra/

ii

Sheffield. Wikipedia, 4th of May 2016, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield

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