Chng 1.

Tm hiu cng ngh

LI NI U
Trong x hi ngy ny th cc thit b kh nn ngy cng c nhiu ng dng trong cc ngnh
nh giao thng, xy dng, khai m vi nhng u im nh lc nng ln, lp t n gin
nn cc thit b kh nn lun la u tin hng u trong cc my mc i hi lc khng qu
ln. Ngoi ra iu khin n rt d dng nh s phi hp cc thit b in kh nn thng
qua cc van khin cho vic iu khin tr nn rt linh hot v tit kim. c bit l khi phi
hp iu khin gia in kh nn PLC th h thng v cng n gin v linh hot.
Xut pht t thc t, v c s ng ca thy TS. Trng Hiu th trong mn hc
n Tt Nghip ny chng em la chn ti Thit k h thng iu khin cng
ngh khoan 4 l vi ni dung bao gm 5 phn:
Chng 1: Tm hiu cng ngh
Chng 2: Lit k u vo ra, tnh chn PLC, phn cng vo ra
Chng 3: Thit k v lp trnh iu khin
Chng 4: Tnh chn thit b
Chng 5: Kt ni PLC vi thit b
Vi s c gng v n lc ca bn thn cng vi s gip ca thy TS. Trng Hiu
th em hon thnh bn n ny. Tuy nhin trong quyn n ny khng th trnh khi
cc thiu st nn em mong c s nh gi v nhn xt ca cc thy bn n ca em
hon thin hn.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca thy TS. Trng Hiu tn
tnh gip em hon thin quyn n ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

MC LC
Chng 1. TM HIU CNG NGH.....................................................................................1
1.1. Tm hiu cng ngh......................................................................................................1
1.1.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca cng ngh khoan 4 l.....................................................1
1.2. yu cu iu khin........................................................................................................1
1.2.1. iu khin bng kh nn..........................................................................................2
1.3. Mt s phng php khoan...........................................................................................3
1.3.1. Khoan bng phng php th cng........................................................................3
1.3.2. khoan c nh..........................................................................................................4
1.3.3. khoan c trung........................................................................................................5
1.3.4. My khoan CNC.....................................................................................................6
CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA..........7
2.1. Lit k u vo ra.......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1. lit k u vo.........................................................................................................7
2.1.2. Lit k u ra..........................................................................................................8
2.2. Tnh chn PLC.............................................................................................................. 9
2.3. phn cng vo ra cho PLC..........................................................................................10
2.3.1. Phn cng u vo................................................................................................10
2.3.2. phn cng u ra...................................................................................................11
CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC.......................12
3.1. Tng quan v PLC Mitsubishi....................................................................................12
3.1.1. Gii thiu v PLC Mitsubishi FX3U (C ).............................................................13
3.2. Thit k chng trnh bng phn mm chuyn dng..................................................15
3.2.1. Lp Grafcet 1........................................................................................................15
3.2.2. Lp Grfcet II.........................................................................................................16
3.2.3. Xc nh cc hm iu khin da vo Grafcet trn:.............................................18
3.2.4. Chng trnh iu khin PLC...............................................................................19
CHNG 4: TNH CHN THIT B.................................................................................22

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

4.1. Chn thit b mch lc................................................................................................22

4.1.1. xylanh tc ng kp..............................................................................................22
4.1.2. Cng tc hnh trnh tc dng c...........................................................................24
4.1.3. Van phn phi kh nn..........................................................................................25
4.1.4. Van tit lu 1 chiu...............................................................................................26
4.1.5. My nn kh..........................................................................................................26
4.1.6. S nguyn l mch lc....................................................................................27
4.2. chn thit b mch iu khin.....................................................................................28
4.2.1. Nt n................................................................................................................... 28
4.2.2. Role trung gian.....................................................................................................28
4.2.3. B ngun cp........................................................................................................29
CHNG 5: S U DY GIA PLC VI THIT B.............................................29
5.1. S u dy.............................................................................................................29
5.2. S iu khin.........................................................................................................30

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

Chng 1. TM HIU CNG NGH

1.1. Tm hiu cng ngh
1.1.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca cng ngh khoan 4 l

Hnh 1.1.
Pt tng A thc hin a mi khoan i ln xung, pt tng B thc hin mi khoan sang tri
phi. Pt tng C thc hin a mi khoan vo trong ra ngoi. Khi n nt strat, h thng thc
hin khoan 4 l vo trong-ra ngoi. Khi n nt Start, h thng thc hin khoan 4 l theo th
t I, II, II, IV v lp li. Khi n nt Stop h thng dng.

1.2. yu cu iu khin
Vi cng ngh nu nh trn th iu khin bi ton th em dng kh nn iu
khin h thng.

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

1.2.1. iu khin bng kh nn

a) u im
Bo dng, sa cha, t chc k thut n gin, thun tin.
Khng yu cu cao c tnh k thut ca ngun nng lng 3 8 bar.
Kh nng qu ti ln ca ng c kh.
tin cy kh cao, t gp trc trc k thut.
Tui th ln.
Tnh ng nht nng lng gia cc c cu chp hnh v cc phn t chc
nng bo hiu, kim tra, iu khin nn lm vic trong mi trng d n, v
mi trng m bo v sinh cao.
C kh nng truyn ti nng lng xa bi v nht ng hc kh nn nh v
tn tht p sut trn ng i nh.
Do trng lng ca cc phn t iu khin bng kh nn trong h thng nh
hn na kh nng gin n p sut ca kh nn ln nn truyn ng c th t
vn tc rt cao.
b) Nhc im ca kh nn
Thi gian p ng chm hn so vi in t.
Kh nng lp trnh km v cng knh hn so vi in t. ch iu khin c
theo chng trnh c sn . kh nng iu khin phc tp.
Kh nng tch hp h iu khin phc tp v cng knh.
Lc truyn ti trng thp.
Dng kh nn thot ra ng dn gy ting n ln.
Kh iu khin c qu trnh trung gian gia hai ngng..

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

1.3. Mt s phng php khoan

1.3.1. Khoan bng phng php th cng

Bng cch s dng cc thit b khoan bng tay ngi ta c th to nn cc l trn trn
chi tit cn gia cng. u im ca phng php ny l thit b n gin d ch to, gi thnh
thp,vic s dng n gin khng cn o to. Nhc im l nng sut thp, tn nhiu
nhn cng v kh nng cng nghip khng c, ch s dng trong mc ch dn dng quy m
nh. Thc t ch s dng trong iu kin c s vt cht thiu thn, hin ti rt t c s
dng.

Hnh 1.2. khoan th cng

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

1.3.2. khoan c nh
Bng s pht trin ca cng ngh v my mc con ngi ch to c nhng thit b
khoan nh gn nng sut cao hn cc thit b khoan th cng. Tnh linh ng ca loi khoan
ny cng rt cao c th thi cng trong nhng v tr hp v c th di chuyn d dng. Nhc
im ca loi khoan ny l khng th gia cng c nhng l khoan ln, nng sut khng
cao, cha th phc v trong cng nghip ha.

Hnh 1.3. khoan tay s dng in

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

1.3.3. khoan c trung

My c s dng rng di trong cc xng sn xut va v nh. Kch thc va
phi d dng b tr v tr thch hp, s dng d dng, nng sut thp nhng chnh xc
cao, kch thc mi khoan a dng, c th phc v trong cng nghip

Hnh 1.4. My khoan bn

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

1.3.4. My khoan CNC

Bng s pht trin ca cng ngh ng dng.con ngi a my tnh vo thay
con ngi tnh ton v thc hin cc cng vic c lp trnh sn mt cc nhanh chng
v chnh xc. Do s pht trin v tnh cng nghip ngy cng cao nn vic a my tnh vo
kt hp vi cc my khoan l s cn thit bi vy m my khoan CNC ra i. Khoan
CNC u im l tnh cng nghip cao, l mt khu quan trng trong cc xng gia cng cc
nh my gia cng ch to,my khoan CNC tnh t ng ha cao nn s dng t nhn cng
gim thiu sc lao ng cho cng nhn, nng sut ln tnh chnh xc cao. Nhc im ch
to kh khn, gi thnh cao, ngi cng nhn vn hnh my cn phi o to.

Hnh 1.4. My khoan CNC

Chng 1. Tm hiu cng ngh

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC,

PHN CNG VO RA
2.1. Lit k u vo ra
2.1.1. lit k u vo
Bng 2.1. Bng lit k u vo
ST
T

Tn thit b

K hiu

Chc nng

Nt n

start

Khi ng h thng

Nt n

dung

Dng h thng

Nt n

reset

Reset li h thng

CTHT

a0

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 1

CTHT

a1

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 1

CTHT

B0

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 2

CTHT

B1

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 2

CTHT

c0

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 3

CTHT

c1

Gii hn hnh trnh xy lanh 3

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

2.1.2. Lit k u ra
Bng 2.2. Bng lit k u ra
STT

Tn thit b

K hiu

Chc nng

Role 1

K1

iu khin xylanh 1 i xung

Role 2

K2

iu khin xylanh 1 i ln

Role 3

K3

iu khin xylanh 2 i ra

Role 4

K4

iu khin xylanh 2 i vo

Role 5

K5

iu khin xylanh 3 i ra

Role 6

K6

iu khin xylanh 3 i vo

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

2.2. Tnh chn PLC

V yu cu cng ngh ca bi ton c 9 u vo v 7 u ra nn ta chn PLC Mitsubishi
FX3U iu khin.
Cc thng s k thut PLC Mitsubishi FX3U:
Module ngun: 6ES7214-1BD23-0XB0
Modul CPU: 315-2DP 6ES7 315 2AF03 0AB0
Modul vo ra: DI16/DO16 24v/0.5A 6ES7214-1BD23-0XB0
S dng trong cc h thng c dung lng chng trnh c va v nh.
Thc hin cc php ton du phy ng v nh phn vi tc cao
Qun l c s lng ln cc u vo/ ra
Ngun cp: 24VDC
Di in p: 20.4 ti 28.8V
Dng ti : 2.5
u vo dng ( khng ti) : 60mA
Cng sut tiu th: 35W
Nn c cu ch bo v loi 2A

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

2.3. phn cng vo ra cho PLC

2.3.1. Phn cng u vo
Bng 2.3. bng phn cng u vo
ST
T

TN THIT K HIU
B

I/O
PLC

CHC NNG

Nt n

start

I0.0

Khi ng h thng

Nt n

dung

I0.1

Dng h thng

Nt n

reset

I0.2

Reset h thng

CTHT

A0

I0.3

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 1

CTHT

A1

I0.4

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 1

CTHT

B0

I0.5

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 2

CTHT

B1

I0.6

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 2

CTHT

C0

I0.7

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 3

CTHT

C1

I1.0

Gii hn hnh trnh xylanh 3

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

2.3.2. phn cng u ra

Bng 2.4. bng phn cng u ra
ST
T

Tn thit K hiu Q/0 PLC

b

Chc nng

Role1

K1

Q0.0

iu khin xylanh 1 i xung

Role2

K2

Q0.1

iu khin xylanh 1 i ln

Role3

K3

Q0.2

iu khin xylanh 2 i ra

Role4

K4

Q0.3

iu khin xylanh 2 i vo

Role5

K5

Q0.4

iu khin xylanh 3 i ra

Role6

K6

Q0.5

iu khin xylanh 3 i vo

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

CHNG 2. LIT K U VO RA, TNH CHN PLC, PHN CNG VO RA

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S

DNG PLC
3.1. Tng quan v PLC Mitsubishi
PLC l b iu khin lp trnh Programmable Logic Controller
B iu khin lp trnh l mt thit b m ngi s dng c th lp trnh thc hin mt
lot hay trnh t cc s kin. cc s kin ny c kch hot bi tc nhn kch thch ng
vo tc ng vo PC hoc qua cc hot ng tr nh thi gian nh k hay cc s kin hay
cc s kin c m. Mt khi s kin c kch hot, n trng thi ON hoc OF. Mt b
lp trnh s lin tc lp trong chng trnh do ngi s dng lp trnh ra ch tn hiu
v xut tn hiu ng ra ti thi im lp trnh.
Cu trc ca b iu khin lp trnh c th c phn thnh cc thnh phn. B phn m
chng trnh c np vo lu tr v x l thng c gi l Main Processing hay cn gi
l CPU.
Vy, lp trnh cho mt PLC l i tm iu kin tn hiu ng vo tc ng ln i
tng iu khin cho ng ra tng ng

Hnh 3.1. cu trc chung 1 b iu khin PLC

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

3.1.1. Gii thiu v PLC Mitsubishi FX3U (C )

PLC FX l mt loi PLC micro ca hng MISUBISHI nhng c nhiu tnh nng
mnh m. Loi PLC ny c tch hp sn cc I/O trn CPU.
B CPU vi 32 I/O: 16 u vo v 16 u ra (relay0
Ngun cung cp 100- 240 VAC
Cng sut tiu th : 35W
B nh chng trnh: 64.000 steps
ng h thi gian thc
B m: 235
Timer: 512
C th m rng 384 ng vo/ ra
Truyn thng RS232C, RS485

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Hnh 3.2. PLC mitsubishi FX3u

PLC FX ra i t nm 1981 cho n nay c rt nhiu chng loi ty theo
Model nh: F , F1, FX1, FX0(S), FX0N, FX1S, FX1N, FX2Nv FX3U. Ty theo
Model m cc loi ny c dung lng b nh khc nhau.Dung lng b nh chng
trnh c th t 2kStep n 8kStep (hoc 64kStep khi gn thm b nh ngoi).Tng s
I/O i vi cc loi ny c th ln n 256 I/O, ring i vi FX3U(C) c th ln n
384 I/O. S Module m rng c th ln n 8 Module.
Loi PLC FX tch hp nhiu chc nng trn CPU (Main Unit) nh ng ra xung hai
ta , b m tc cao (HSC), PID, ng h thi gian thc
Module m rng nhiu chng loi nh Analog, x l nhit , iu khin v tr,
cc Module mng nh Cclink, Profibus.
Ngoi ra cn c cc board m rng (Extension Board) nh Analog, cc board
dng cho truyn thng cc chun RS232, RS422, RS485, v c USB.

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

lp trnh PLC ta c th s dng cc phn mn sau: FXGP_WIN_E,

GX_Developer.
Cc phng php lp trnh nh: Ladder, Instruction, SFC

3.2. Thit k chng trnh bng phn mm chuyn dng

3.2.1. Lp Grafcet 1

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Hnh 3.3. s Grafcet 1

3.2.2. Lp Grfcet II
K hiu
Bng 3.1. bng k hiu cc thit b
Tn bin

K hiu

Tn bin

K hiu

Nt n khi ng

Trng thi ban u

S0

Cm bin tim cn a0

a0

Trng thi xylanh 1 i xung

S1

Cm bin tim cn a1

a1

Trng thi xylanh 1 i ln

S2

Cm bin tim cn b0

b0

Trng thi xylanh 2 i ra

S3

Cm bin tim cn b1

b1

Trng thi xylanh 2 i vo

S4

Cm bin tim cn c0

c0

Trng thi xylanh 3 i ra

S5

Cm bin tim cn c1

c1

Trng thi xylanh 3 i vo

S6

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Grafcet II:

Hnh 3.4. S Grafcet II

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

3.2.3. Xc nh cc hm iu khin da vo Grafcet trn:

S0+ = g + c0S6

F( S0) = (g + c0S6). s 1

S- = S1

S1+ = (m + a0b0c0) + b1S3 + c1S4 + b0S5

F( S 1) = [(m + a0b0c0). S0 + b1S3 + c1S4 + b0S5 ].

s2

S- = S2

F(s2) = (a1s1 + s2) s 3. s 4. s 5. s 6

F(s3) = (a0.b0.c0 .s2+ s3) s 1

F(s4) = (a0.b1.c0 .s2 + s4) s 1

F(s5) = (a0.b1.c1.s2+ s5) s 1

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

F(s6) = (a0.b1.c1.s2 + s6) s 0

3.2.4. Chng trnh iu khin PLC

Khi ng h thng

Bt u lm vic

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Xilanh 1 i xung

Xilanh 1 i v

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Xilanh 2 i ra

Xilanh 3 i ra

10

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

Xilanh 2 thu v

Xilanh 3 thu v

Hnh 3.5. Chng trnh iu khin bng PLC

11

CHNG 3. THIT K V LP TRNH IU KHIN S DNG PLC

12

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

CHNG 4: TNH CHN THIT B

4.1. Chn thit b mch lc
4.1.1. xylanh tc ng kp

Hnh 4.1. Xylanh kh nn

Tnh ton ng knh tit din xylanh v chiu di hnh trnh xylanh.
Trc ht tnh c tit din xylanh ta cn quy i n v 1Bar = 1kg/cm 2
Din tch tit din ca xylanh c tnh theo cng thc:
M

S P

.R2 >

D 2R 2

- S : Din tch tit din ca xy lanh ( cm2)

- M : Ti trng p ng ( kg)
- P : p sut kh nn ( kgf/cm2)
- R : Bn knh tit din ca Xylanh ( cm)
- D : ng knh tit din ca xylanh (cm)

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

i vi yu cu v thng s ca h thng thc t, p dng cng thc trn ta c th tnh ton

c tit din xylanh cho ph hp. Do p sut kh nn ch t 95% nn khi tnh ton ta cn
cng thm 10% ti trng p ng tha mn yu cu.
Thng s xylanh
Bng 4.1. thng s k thut xylanh
Hng sn xut

FESTO

Model

DNC 8 38 PPV A

ng knh

8mm

Lc tc dng

3016N

Chiu di hnh trnh

38mm

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

4.1.2. Cng tc hnh trnh tc dng c

Khi cn c ng tc chuyn i chc chn trong iu kin hnh trnh di, ngi ta dng cng
tc hnh trnh kiu n. Cng tc ny c th ng ngt dng in mt chiu 6A, in p
220V.
Then kha c tc dng nh v gi cht tip im v tr ng. Khi cng tc tc ng ln
con ln, tay n s quay ngc chiu kim ng h, con ln nh l xo s lm cho a quay i,
tip im thng ng m ra, tip im thng m ng li. L xo s ko tay n v v tr
ban u khi khng c lc tc dng na.

Hnh 4.2. Cng tc hnh trnh

Cc thng s k thut cng tc hnh trnh 10T85 do hng CQC sn xut:
- Cng tc hnh trnh : 10T85
- C cu vn hnh: loi tc ng nhanh
- C cu tc ng : Cn gt c con ln v bn l di
- Loi tip im : SPDT
- Dng in nh mc : 5A
- in p nh mc : 250VAC
- Nhit hot ng : -25oC n 80 oC
- Tn s hot ng: c: 240 ln/ pht ; in: 20 ln/ pht
- Tui th: C hc: 1,000,000 ln ; in: 500,000 ln.
- Trng lng: 40g

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

4.1.3. Van phn phi kh nn

Hnh 4.3. Van in kh nn 5/2

Cc thng s k thut:
Bng 4.2. thng s k thut van phn phi
Kiu van

4V220 - 08

Loi van

5 ca, 2 trng thi c nh

Vng tc ng hiu qu

16mm2

p sut lm vic ( Mpa)

0.15 0.8 Mpa

p sut chu c ti a (Mpa )

1.2 Mpa

Nhit lm vic

5 50 oC

in p cun dy

24VDC

Thi gian tc ng

0.05s

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

4.1.4. Van tit lu 1 chiu

Hinh 4.3. Van tit lu mt chiu

4.1.5. My nn kh
Thng s k thut my nn kh Puma Trung Quc 2Hp:
Model:PX-20100
Cng sut (HP-KW):2 1.5
Lu lng (l/pht):300
in p s dng (V):220
Tc quay puly u nn (v/pht):983
S xi lanh u nn: 2
p lc lm vic (kg/cm2):8
p lc ti a (kg/cm2):10
Dung tch bnh cha (L):95
Kch thc DxRxC (mm):1170x190x850

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

Trng lng (kg):97

4.1.6. S nguyn l mch lc

Hnh 4.4. s nguyn l iu khin mch lc

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

4.2. chn thit b mch iu khin

4.2.1. Nt n

Hnh 4.5. Nt n
Cc thng s k thut ca nt n:
Dng in nh mc: 5A
in p nh mc: 220V
Tui th cao

4.2.2. Role trung gian

Thng s k thut ca role trung gian MY4N:
- S cp tip im: 4NO, 4NC
- Dng nh mc: 5A
- in p cun dy: 12VDC, 24VDC,

Hnh 4.6. Role trung gian

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B

4.2.3. B ngun cp
Thng s k thut:
- in p u vo: 110VAC/220VAC
- in p u ra: 24VDC
- Dng in: 5A
- Cng sut: 120W

CHNG 5: S U DY GIA PLC VI THIT B

5.1. S u dy

Hnh
4.7.
S
u
dy

5.2.
S
iu
khin
Hnh
4.8.
S iu khin

CHNG 4. TNH CHN THIT B