Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ArtOfPhotography PDF
ArtOfPhotography PDF
ArtOfPhotography PDF
PHOTOGRAPHY
What Is Photography ?
Photography Is an art to showcase the world the way you
see it !
Photography Requires ..
A Camera
An Eye
A Good Point of View !
CAMERA
Camera is an instrument which , with users control , captures light ,
processes it and stores in the form of analogue ( photo film ) or digital
( CMOS memory ) forms for further processing.
CAMERA
Point and Shoot digital Cameras (P&S):
- Commonly referred to as consumer digital cameras.
CAMERA
Prosumer
- Not technically its own specification
CAMERA
Digital SLR
- SLR Stands for Single Lens Reflex
- Have larger sensors, resulting in greater image quality
- Tend to favor manual control,
- Much larger and heavier
- Ability to interchange system lenses
CAMERA
Misconception about MEGAPIXEL!
Quality does not depend merely on the Megapixel of your camera.
- Each digital image is made from millions of tiny squares, known as pixels.
- Essentially, an image is recorded by tiny microlenses (pixels) which make up the cameras
sensor
SENSOR SIZE COMPARED
- All Pixels are not created equal!
- A digital sensor is essentially made up
of millions of tiny micro-lenses (pixels)
- Pixels are analog devices which record light and color data
- Larger Sensors contain larger pixels,
which are much better and collecting this data
CAMERA
CAMERA
Exposure
A correct or good exposure occurs when you maintain as much detail as
possible in both the very bright parts (highlights) as well as the very dark parts
(shadows) of an image. How much of a range in which you can capture detail from
light to dark is referred to as the Dynamic Range. As you are about to see, there
can be many correct or good exposures
There are three factors which influence the exposure of your image:
-Shutter Speed
-Aperture
-ISO
CAMERA
Shutter Speed
Refers to how long the shutter is open, exposing the image sensor to light.
Slow Shutter Speeds (1/60 or slower) can be used to portray movement or speed
Very Slow Shutter Speeds (5 sec. or slower) can be used in very low light situations to obtain
correct exposure, or achieve dramatic effects.
Beware!
As your shutter speed decreases, chances of getting a blurry image increase because you must hold the
camera steady for a longer period.
CAMERA
Aperture
An aperture is defined as a hole or opening through which light is admitted.
Inside the camera lens is a system of blades which open and close to increase or decrease
the opening through which light passes into the camera
Often referred to as an f-stop, aperture is usually represented by: f/1.8, or f/5.6
A Smaller number means a wider opening and is referred to as a larger value (eg. A large
aperture of 2.0, a small aperture of 22)
The wider the lens is open(larger aperture value), the more light gets in (you can use faster
shutter speeds)
Aperture also controls depth of field (DOF), which refers to how much of your image is in
focus.
A wide aperture (small #) will give a shallow DOF and can be used to isolate a subject.
CAMERA
ISO
- Refers to the light sensitivity of the sensor
- HIGH ISO value means the sensor will be MORE sensitive to light, meaning it will
take LESS LIGHT to get the right exposure
CAMERA
For better understanding of the concepts about Aperture , Shutter speed
Imagine Your eye as your Camera .
CAMERA
For better understanding of the concepts about Aperture , Shutter speed
CAMERA
In similar way The aperture of camera is just like the IRIS which controls the
amount of light .
When object is brighter , the IRIS shrinks to allow lesser light to pass through and
when lighting conditions are darker , the IRIS expands to allow more light to pass
for better visibility.
Similarly Aperture is more when lighting conditions are darker and it is less when
the conditions are brighter .
aperture is defined by f numbers . More the f number lesser is the diameter of
the aperture and vice versa. So an aperture with f number 2 will be fully open
while that with f number 22 will be having a very small opening.
So in bright daylight conditions one has to set f number merely around f8 to f16
depending on light.
While in dark one can set f number as f2.4
CAMERA
Aperture is defined by f numbers . More the f number lesser is the diameter of
the aperture and vice versa. So an aperture with f number 2 will be fully open
while that with f number 22 will be having a very small opening.
So in bright daylight conditions one has to set f number merely around f8 to f16
depending on light. While in dark one can set f number as f2.8
CAMERA
Aperture also controls depth of field (DOF), which refers to how much of your
image is in focus.
A wide aperture (small #) will give a shallow DOF and can be used to isolate a
subject.
CAMERA
Shutter speed : ( exposure )
Consider your eyes are closed. If you are about to view a scene on a brighter sunny day / where lights are good , you open
you eye for a very short time and close it again.
In other case consider yourself standing to view something when the just sets down and there is low light around.
Comparing above two conditions you can view more details of the scene in the first case than you can observe in second
case.
You would probably need to keep you eyes open for a longer time to see all the details of the scene.
Similar way the shutter speed controls the time for which the light falls on the sensor ultimately the amount of light
captured by the same.
Your eyelid acts as shutter for your eye .
Shutter speed / Exposure is the amount of time for which the shutter of your camera remains open to allow light to fall on
the sensor .
So one needs to keep shutter speed high ( short exposure ) when lighting conditions are brighter and has to keep low (
long exposure ) when lighting conditions are darker.
Shutter speeds are defined in terms of seconds of exposure
A shutter speed of ( 1/125 ) means that the shutter is open for 1/125 th of a second and 4 means that the shutter is
open for 4 Seconds .
Less the shutter speed , more is the amount of time the shutter is open and more is the light that is captured by sensor.
CAUTION: as you decrease shutter speed image may get blurred when camera is shaken . So a tripod is a must while you
take long exposure photography in dark. ( like night sky photography , night view photography etc. )
CAMERA
Here are some examples of shutter speed control for different types of
photography
LENSES
A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an
optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and
mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other
media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
Types of Lenses :
-Prime Lenses
-Zoom Lenses
-Macro Lenses
LENSES
Prime Lenses:
LENSES
Zoom Lenses:
The focal length of a zoom lens is not fixed; instead it can be varied between a
specified minimum and maximum value. Zoom lenses are often described by the
ratio of their longest to shortest focal lengths.
For example, a zoom lens with focal lengths
ranging from 100 mm to 400 mm may be
described as a 4:1 or "4" zoom.
-Zooming is described in terms of focal length.
More the focal length , more is the zooming.
-Viewing an object through a lens of the
focal length of 55mm is probably same
as u see that object with your bare eyes.
LENSES
Macro lenses:
-Macro lenses are designed for extreme close-up work.
-Such lenses are popular for nature shooting such as small flowers, as well as for
many technical applications.
-As most of these lenses can also focus to infinity and tend to be quite sharp,
many are used as general-purpose optics.
Photography Styles :
Three Basic Types
Landscape Photography
Portrait Photography
Documentary Photography
Photography Styles
Landscape Photography :
Landscape is a photograph of the environment. It could be the forest,
mountains, oceans, or your backyard !
Here are few Examples of Landscape Photography
Photography Styles
Portrait Photography :
Portrait photography is a photo of a person or animals.
Photography Styles
Documentary Photography :
Documentary photography presents facts without changing anything.
Good documentary photographs make you wonder what the story is
behind the photograph.
Few Examples :
Macro - take close-up shots of small objects, flowers and insects. Lens
can be moved closer to the subject than in other modes. Hold the camera
steady or use a tripod.
Frame is divided in 3 parts and subject ( Sailor Man / Gate way of India ) are located in one of the side parts of division.
Point of View
Try selecting and unusual point of view.
BELOW
EYE LEVEL
ABOVE
THANK YOU !