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Ky Nang Doc Ban Ve Va Do Boc Tien Luong PDF
Ky Nang Doc Ban Ve Va Do Boc Tien Luong PDF
LI NI U
Hin nay mt b phn khng nh cc cn b x phng lm vic lin quan
n lnh vc qun l hot ng xy dng li thiu kin thc chuyn mn v xy
dng, iu ny gy khng t kh khn cho h trong cng vic ca mnh. Chnh
v vy chng ti bin son chuyn ny nhm cung cp cho h mt s kin thc
ti thiu h c th c v hiu c cc bn v k thut, kim sot c khi
lng cc cng tc xy lp trong cc giai on trin khai d n ti a phng
mnh.
Chuyn ny s cung cp cho ngi hc:
- Mt s kin thc c bn trong vic biu din vt th trong khng gian ln
mt phng;
- Nhng tiu chun c bn c th c c bn v k thut;
- Mt s quy nh ca nh nc hng dn cng tc o bc khi lng cho
mt s cng tc thng gp ti cc d n nh trn a bn x, phng.
Do thi gian hn hp nn vic bin son ti liu cn nhiu hn ch, rt mong
nhn c kin ng gp, nhn xt ca bn c hon thin gio trnh trong
tng lai. Xin chn thnh cm n.
c th hiu su hn v chuyn ny cc bn c th c thm cc ti liu
tham kho gii thiu phn cui cun ti liu ny.
455
M U
Trong cc giai on ca d n chng ta thng xuyn gp cc bn v thit
k khc nhau, n cung cp cho chng ta cc thng tin v cng trnh tng lai v
vic c v hiu cc bn v thit k ny c ngha v cng quan trng trong cng
tc qun l d n.
Vy bn v thit k l g? Trong cc giai on khc nhau ca d n chng ta
c th gp cc loi thit k khc nhau: thit k c s; thit k k thut; thit k bn
v thi cng; bn v hon cng. Nhng trn a bn x phng do quy m ca cc
d n khng ln nn chng ta hay gp: thit k c s trong giai on lp d n;
thit k bn v thi cng trong giai on lp, thc hin d n; v bn v hon cng
trong giai on thc hin v bn giao a d n vo khai thc s dng. Vi mi
loi bc thit k th bn v k thut cung cp cho ta cc thng tin vi mc
nng su khc nhau v cng trnh nhng ta c th a ra mt khi nim chung v
bn v thit k nh sau: Bn v k thut l cc ti liu k thut trong mi
thng tin lin quan n sn phm nh: ca ngi thit k, hnh dng, cu to
ca sn phm, cc kt qu tnh ton v kch thc, v kh nng chu lc ca sn
phm, ca vt liu lm ra sn phm. . . . . . . . u c th hin trn giy bng cc
k hiu, quy c, cc quy nh c tnh php quy. C th ni bn v k thut l mt
loi ngn ng c bit ca ngi lm k thut ngn ng hnh v, th ngn
ng ny c s dng khng ch trong phm vi mt ngnh ngh m l trong nhiu
ngnh ngh khc nhau, khng ch trong phm vi mt quc gia m trn phm vi
quc t.
Cc hnh v ni trn chnh l hnh biu din cc i tng trong thc t
(my mc, cc cng trnh xy dng. . . .) ln trn mt phng bng cc phng php
biu din khc nhau nhng trong phm vi chuyn ny chng ta ch xem xt hai
phng php biu din: phng php chiu thng gc; phng php chiu phi
cnh.
Cn cc h thng k hiu, quy c v cc quy nh c tnh php quy? l
ni dung c quy nh trong cc tiu chun thuc cc lnh vc khc nhau v do
nh nc ban hnh. Cc tiu chun ny c rt nhiu nhng trong chuyn ny
chng ta gii hn chng mt s tiu chun c gii thiu trong mc ti liu vin
dn, nhng tiu chun ny ngi c c th c v hiu c cc bn v k
thut xy dng.
456
Phn I
K NNG C BN V
CHNG I: NHNG KHI NIM C BN V V K THUT
I. Mc ch yu cu
- Hiu c tm quan trng ca tiu chun bn v k thut trong h thng
thit k nc ta v trn th gii.
- Nm c cc Tiu chun Vit Nam v thnh lp bn v k thut.
Bn v k thut l ti liu k thut c bn cha ng cc thng tin lin quan
n mt sn phm no . l phng tin thng tin ch yu gia nhng ngi
lm cng tc k thut thuc nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh: xy dng, kin trc, c
kh, in. . . . . . thc hin c chc nng , bn v k thut phi c thit
lp theo nhng quy tc thng nht c quy nh trong cc tiu chun cp ngnh,
cp quc gia hoc quc t.
Sau y chng ta cng xem mt s quy nh lin quan n trnh by bn v
k thut.
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
Kch thc cc
cnh ca t giy
1189 x 841
841 x 594
594 x 420
420 x 297
297x 210
(mm)
Ch :
- A0 l kh giy ln nht, din tch l 1m2. Cc kh giy cn li nhn c
bng cch chia i theo cnh di ca kh giy ln hn k vi n (theo hnh I. 1).
- i vi cc cng trnh trong kch thc di kh ln so vi kch thc
cao (v d cng trnh thy li) hoc ngc li (cng trnh nh cao tng), cho php
dng cc kh giy ph to thnh t mt kh giy chnh no bng cch tng ln
mt s nguyn ln kch thc cnh ngn ca kh giy chnh v gi nguyn cnh
cn li. V d t kh giy chnh A3 (297x420) c th to ra cc kh giy ph c k
hiu l A3x3(420x981); A3x4(420x1189). . . . .
458
459
Khung tn
Khung tn
Hnh I. 3 Khung bn v
Khung tn cng c v bng nt lin m v lun t gc pha di, bn
phi ca bn v, st vi khung bn v. T giy v c th t ngang hoc ng v
hng c ca khung tn phi trng vi hng c ca bn v. Ni dung v cch
trnh by khung tn c trnh by trong TCVN 5571 1991 H thng ti liu
thit k xy dng - Bn v xy dng - Khung tn bao gm cc thng tin trong
bng I. 2.
Hnh I. 4 Khung tn
460
th
Ni dung cn ghi
t ca
1
Tn c quan n v thit k
4
5
Ngy k duyt
T l hnh v
T 8
n 14
15
Hnh I. 5 V d khung tn
IV. T l
T l ca bn v l t s gia kch thc o trn hnh biu din v kch thc
tng ng o trn vt th. TCVN 6079 Bn v xy dng v kin trc - Cch trnh
by bn v - T l khuyn ngh cc t l nn dng trong bn v xy dng v kin
trc. Ty theo kh bn v, kch thc v mc phc tp ca i tng cn biu
din m la chn mt trong cc t l trong bng I. 3.
Bng I. 3 T l bn v
T l thu nh
T l nguyn hnh
1:1
Ch thch:
1.
m ca b ly bng 0, 4 n 0, 8mm;
2.
l t 1/50 tr xung:
3.
462
u)
- Nt chm gch mnh (ng tm, trc i xng)
- Nt lin mnh (ng kch thc)
5. Trong mi trng hp, tm ng trn phi c xc nh bng giao
im ca hai on gch ca nt chm gch; cc nt t, nt chm gch phi giao
nhau bng cc gch.
VI. Ch v s
Trong bn v xy dng khng c vit ch v s mt cch ty tin m phi
dng cc loi ch v s c quy nh theo TCVN 4608: 1988 Ti liu thit k.
Ch v ch s trn bn v xy dng.
ch s vung, nt u
Cc kiu ch v ch s
theo TCVN 4608: 1988 c th
vit ng hay nghing ty theo
yu cu v tnh cht ca ni
dung cn minh ha (Tn bn v,
tn hnh v, ch thch trn hnh
v, thuyt minh v. v. . . )
nghing ca ch v ch s
khng c ln hn 300 so vi
phng thng ng ca dng
Hnh I. 6. c Kiu ch in hoa v ch s vung, nt u
vit.
463
465
Hnh I. 7. c. Cch ghi kch thc khi hnh biu din khng y hoc b ct la
466
467
).
s l, (hnh I. 7. i).
- Khi cn ghi cao trn mt bng con s ch cao c ghi trong mt
hnh ch nht v bng nt lin mnh v t ti ch cn ghi cao (kch thc 2, 00
hnh I. 7. i. )
469
470
Hnh II. 1
S lng hnh chiu phi gii hn mc cn v biu din vt th r
rng, chnh xc, trnh s biu din trng lp. Trong xy dng do cc vt th c
kch thc ln nn cc hnh chiu khng c t theo v tr nh hnh II. 1 v
chng cn c t tn di d phn bit.
II. Hnh ct v mt ct
Khi biu din cc vt th, b phn rng trong lng vt th c th hin
bng nt t trn cc hnh chiu. Nu cc b phn rng ny c cu to phc tp
(nht l trong xy dng) th s lng cc nt t ny s nhiu v trung vi cc nt
thy v gy rt nhiu kh khn cho vic c v hiu bn v. lm r cc cu to
rng ny, ngi ta dng mt loi hnh biu din c tn l hnh ct v mt ct.
472
Hnh II. 2. a.
Hnh II. 2. b.
Khi dng k hiu khng c trong tiu chun phi thm ch dn nh sau:
476
Hnh II. 7 V d mt ct ri
477
Hnh chiu phi cnh l hnh biu din ni, c xy dng bng php chiu
xuyn tm v thng dng trn cc bn v xy dng m t cc i tng c
kch thc kh ln nh nh ca, cu ng, cng trnh thy li. . . Hnh chiu phi
cnh thng v km vi hnh chiu thng gc, n cho ta hnh nh ca cng trnh
ging nh khi ta quan st trong thc t, gip cho ngi c bn v d dng hnh
dung ra cng trnh .
478
ca cng trnh
ca mt chi tit my
CHNG III: BN V NH
I. MC CH YU CU
- Nm c ni dung c bn ca mt bn v nh dn dng (cc hnh chiu
thng gc ca mt ngi nh);
- Nm c cc quy nh v nt v, v cch ghi kch thc v mt s k
hiu quy c dng cho bn v nh.
- c v hiu c bn v nh dn dng n gin.
II. KHI NIM CHUNG
Bn v nh l bn v m t hnh dng bn ngoi, b cc bn trong v th
hin cc kt qu tnh ton v kh nng chu lc ca cc b phn ngi nh t mng
cho n mi nh: mng nh, nn nh, cc ct, tng, dm, sn, cu thang, cc loi
ca, mi nh . N l hnh thc th hin ch yu trong kin trc cn c vo
ngi ta c th xy dng c ngi nh.
Trn bn v nh, thng dng ba loi hnh biu din: hnh chiu thng gc
479
- Mt bng ton th: l bn v hnh chiu bng cc cng trnh trn mnh t
xy dng.
Hnh III. 2 trnh by mt bng ton th mt nh my thc phm. Trn ta
thy s th t ca cc cng trnh c vit bng ch s La- m, cnh c cc du
chm biu th cao ca cng trnh (v d II l nh hai tng).
Trn mt bng ton th c v hng bc nam v hoa gi. T l thng dng
v mt bng ton th l 1: 200; 1: 500; 1: 1000; 1: 2000.
IV. CC HNH BIU DIN CA MT NGI NH
th hin hnh dng, c cu ca mt ngi nh, ngi ta thng dng cc
481
482
Hnh III.3
483
484
Hnh III.4
thang th nht b ct. mt bng tng trn cng khng c cnh thang no b ct.
Ch thch:
a- i vi mt s cng trnh yu cu cao v m thut, bn cnh mt bng
thng thng, cn v mt bng ca mi, sn v trn nh th hin cc trang tr
kin trc.
b- Trn mt bng thit k k thut v thi cng cn ghi y cc kch thc
cn thit cho vic thi cng, lp t thit b. xy cc mng tng v ct cn v
mt bng ca mng.
c- Nhng iu trnh by trn p dng cho mt bng kin trc. Khi thit k
h thng cp thot nc, hoc in. . . ngi ta cng v mt bng. Nhng khi
mt bng thng c v n gin bng nt mnh, tp trung th hin cc thit b
lp t bn trong ngi nh.
TCVN 6081 - Bn v nh v cng trnh xy dng - Th hin cc tit din
trn mt ct v mt nhn - Nguyn tc chung quy nh cc k hiu thng dng
trong bn v nh TCVN 6083: 1995 - Bn v k thut - Bn v xy dng Nguyn tc chung v trnh by bn v b cc chung v bn v lp ghp, hnh III.
th hin mt s k hiu kt cu theo tiu chun ny.
TCVN 4609: 1998 H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - dng trong nh
- K hiu quy c th hin trn bn v mt bng ngi nh, trn hnh III. th hin
mt s vt theo tiu chun ny.
i vi cc ngi nh nh, c hnh khi n gin th ch cn v mt bng v
mt ng l . Nhng i vi cc cng trnh ln c c cu phc tp, ngoi mt
bng v mt ng, cn cn v thm cc hnh ct.
487
Hnh III.5
488
489
Hnh III.8
490
Hnh III.9
Hnh III.10
4.3. HNH CT NG
Hnh ct ngi nh l cc hnh ct thu c khi dng mt hay nhiu mt
phng ct tng tng thng ng song song vi cc mt phng hnh chiu c bn
ct ngang qua khng gian trng ca ngi nh t tng mt n tng thng. Nu
491
493
495
497
7. Trn hnh biu din chnh, cng nh trn hnh khai trin ct thp, nu s
lng mt loi ct no kh ln, th cho php ch v tng trng mt s thanh
(v d thp s 3 trn hnh IV.5 v thp s 1, 2 trn hnh IV.4)
498
K hiu
Ch thch
- Nm trong mt phng
bn v
- Mt ct thanh ct thp
2. Ct thp c u un
- Nm trong mt phng
mc na vng trn
bn v
- Nm vung gc vi
mt phng bn v
3. Ct thp c u un
mc nhn
4. Ct thp c du un
- Nm song song vi mt
phng bn v
- Nm vung gc vi
mt phng bn v
5. Ct thp c du ren
(bu lng)
6. u thanh ct thp
- Th hin u thanh ct
khng c mc
- Nm trong mt phng
ni nhau
bn v
- u thanh c mc trn
buc ni nhau
nm trong mt phng
bn v
- u thanh c mc nhn
nm trong mt phng
bn v
- u thanh c mc
vung nm trong mt
499
phng bn v
9. Mi ni hn ghp, hn
in mt bn
10. Mi ni hn ghp,
hn in hai bn
11. Mi ni hn in hai
bn c thanh cp
12. Mi ni hn in bn
bn c thanh cp
13. Mi ni hn in i
u
14. Mi ni hn mng
15. Hai thanh ct thp
giao ct nhau
- C buc
- Hn in
500
Hnh IV.7
501
Hnh IV.8
DM D2-2
502
Hnh IV.8 Trin khai thp ch ct v bng thng k khi lng thp
CHNG V: BN V KT CU G
I. KHI NIM CHUNG.
Kt cu g l tn chung ch cc loi cng trnh lm bng vt liu g hay
ch yu bng vt liu g. u im ca vt liu g l nh, d gia cng, cch nhit
v cch m tt, c kh nng chu lc kh cao so vi khi lng ring ca n V
th kt cu g c dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh xy dng c bn, v d lm
503
V.7)
III. NI DUNG V C IM CA BN V KT CU G
Mt bn v kt cu g ni chung gm c: s hnh hc: hnh biu din cu
to ca kt cu; hnh biu din ca cc nt: hnh v tch cc thanh ca tng nt v
bng k vt liu. i vi cc kt cu n gin ch cn v hnh biu din cu to m
khng cn v tch cc nt ca kt cu . i vi cc nt n gin th khng cn
phi v tch cc thanh ca nt.
III.1. S HNH HC CA KT CU: Thng c v v tr lm
vic dng t l nh (1: 100: 1: 200) v t mt ch thun tin trn bn v u tin
506
507
508
khun ca g
khun ca knh
1. c s hnh hc cu kt cu
2. c hnh biu din cu to ca kt cu.
3. c cc nt ca kt cu.
5. Xem bng k vt liu
K hiu cc loi g v mt ct (Trch TCVN 4610- 88)
TT
Tn gi
K hiu
1 Thanh g trn
2 Na thanh g trn
G hp
G hp vt cnh
G tm
Ch thch cho cc mc 1v 2:
n - s lng thanh g ( y n =2)
D - tr s ng knh thanh g
l - tr s chiu di thanh g
511
Ch thch cho cc mc 3, 4 v5
n - s lng g hp hay g hp vt cnh
h - tr s kch thc ln ca mt ct
- k hiu chung cho cc loi g tm
b - tr s kch thc nh ca mt ct
l - tr s chiu di g hp
Ch thch: Cc k hiu trn y dng cho cc bn v c t l ln hn 1: 50
i vi cc bn v c t l 1: 50 hoc nh hn, trn mt ct v cc ng
gch gch nghing 450 so vi ng bao v cch nhau khong 0, 5- 1, 5mm.
K hiu cc loi ghp ni g (tip) (TCVN 4610- 88)
TT
Tn gi
K hiu
Tm g m
Ch thch:
B, l, s ln lt l tr s chiu rng chiu
di v chiu dy tm g m.
Cht g dc t thng
Chm g t nghing
512
513
10
Ch thch: ni bng vt
n- s lng vt
D - tr s ng knh vt
l - tr s chiu di vt
Trn cc bn v c t l nh hn 1:50,
hnh chiu ng vt c th hin bng
mt chm trn.
Phn II
K NNG O BC KHI LNG THEO HNG DN
CA B XY DNG
I. Mc ch, yu cu
- Hc vin nm c cc nguyn tc, cn c, trnh t o bc khi lng.
- Hiu c phng php o bc khi lng v s dng kt qu o bc khi
lng trong cng tc nh gi xy dng.
II. Gii thiu chung
II.1 Tng quan
Trong nhng nm qua, hot ng xy dng c s pht trin mnh m,
nhiu cng trnh xy dng ln c hon thnh v a vo s dng em li nhng
hiu qu kinh t - x hi to ln gp phn vo thnh tu chung ca t nc. Tuy
nhin so vi tc pht trin ngy cng cao ca hot ng xy dng th vic hon
514
thin cc vn bn php quy cng nh vic o to nhn lc cho cng tc lp, kim
sot v qun l chi ph xy dng bc l nhng bt cp cn c s quan tm, iu
chnh thay i cho ph hp
Vi ch trng pht trin kinh t th trng ngy mt hi nhp su rng vi
nn kinh t ton cu th mi lnh vc ca nn kinh t cng phi ng iu vi s
pht trin chung. Trong thi gian va qua Chnh ph c Ngh nh s
112/2009/N-CP ban hnh ngy 14/12/2009 v qun l chi ph u t xy dng
cng trnh. Ngh nh cp ti cc ni dung quan trng v qun l chi ph u
t xy dng cng trnh: tng mc u t, d ton xy dng cng trnh, nh mc
v gi xy dng, thanh quyt ton vn u t... V vy cng tc lp d ton xc
nh chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh cho cc giai on u t l v cng quan
trng. o bc khi lng l mt trong nhng mt xch quan trng trong cng tc
nh gi xy dng v cng l mt bin php khng ch chi ph u t xy dng
cng trnh.
Chnh v vy trong lnh vc kinh t xy dng, cng tc o bc khi lng
cng trnh cn c nghim tc nhn nhn mt cch khch quan, nh gi ng
tm quan trng c bit ca n. V tm quan trng ca cng tc ny B Xy dng
ra Quyt nh s: 737/Q-BXD nm 2009 v Quyt nh s 788/Q-BXD nm
2010 v vic hng dn cng tc o bc khi lng trong hot ng xy dng.
Phn ny s gii thiu vi bn c mt s ni dung chnh v phng php o bc
khi lng.
I.2 Khi nim o bc KLXDCT
din t y nht v vic o bc khi lng xay dng ph hp cc
quy nh hin ti ca Vit nam v thit k v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng
trnh, c th xem xt khi nim sau: "o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh, hng
mc cng trnh l vic xc nh khi lng cng tc xy dng c th c thc
hin theo phng thc o, m, tnh ton, kim tra trn c s kch thc, s lng
quy nh trong bn v thit k (thit k c s, thit k k thut, thit k bn v thi
cng), hoc t yu cu trin khai d n v thi cng xy dng, cc ch dn c lin
quan v cc tiu chun, quy chun xy dng Vit Nam".
Chng ta cng c bit mt vi khi nim thng gp.
Tin lng l tnh trc khi lng c th ca cng vic. Tin lng l
cng tc quan trng v l khu kh khn, phc tp, tn nhiu cng sc, thi gian v
515
1. Khi lng xy dng cng trnh phi c o, m, tnh ton theo trnh t
ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh, trnh t thi cng xy dng cng trnh. Khi
lng o bc cn th hin c tnh cht, kt cu cng trnh, vt liu ch yu s
dng v phng php thi cng thch hp m bo iu kin xc nh c
chi ph xy dng.
2. Ty theo c im v tnh cht tng loi cng trnh xy dng, khi lng
xy dng o bc c th phn nh theo b phn cng trnh nh phn ngm (ct 00
tr xung), phn ni (ct 00 tr ln), phn hon thin v phn xy dng khc hoc
theo hng mc cng trnh. Khi lng xy dng o bc ca b phn cng trnh
hoc hng mc cng trnh c phn thnh cng tc xy dng v cng tc lp t.
3. Cc thuyt minh, ghi ch hoc ch dn lin quan ti qu trnh o bc cn
nu r rng, ngn gn, d hiu v ng quy phm, ph hp vi h s thit k cng
trnh xy dng. Khi tnh ton nhng cng vic cn din gii th phi c din gii c
th nh cong vm, tnh cht ca cc cht liu (g, b tng, kim loi...), iu
kin thi cng (trn cao, su, trn cn, di nc...).
4. Cc kch thc o bc c ghi theo th t chiu di, chiu rng, chiu
cao (hoc chiu su); khi khng theo th t ny phi din gii c th.
5. Cc k hiu dng trong Bng tnh ton, o bc khi lng cng trnh,
hng mc cng trnh phi ph hp vi k hiu th hin trong bn v thit k.
Cc khi lng ly theo thng k ca thit k th phi ghi r ly theo s liu thng
k ca thit k v ch r s hiu ca bn v thit k c thng k .
6. n v tnh: Tu theo yu cu qun l v thit k c th hin, mi mt
khi lng xy dng s c xc nh theo mt n v o ph hp c tnh ti s
ph hp vi n v tnh ca cng tc xy dng trong h thng nh mc d ton
xy dng cng trnh. n v tnh theo th tch l m3; theo din tch l m2; theo
chiu di l m; theo s lng l ci, b, n v ...; theo trng lng l tn, kg...
Trng hp s dng n v tnh khc vi n v tnh thng dng ( Inch,
Foot, Square foot) th phi c thuyt minh b sung v quy i v n v tnh
thng dng ni trn.
1.7. Tn gi cc danh mc cng tc o bc trong Bng tnh ton, Bng khi
lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh phi ph hp vi tn gi cng tc xy lp
tng ng trong h thng nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh.
518
Bc 3
519
Thc hin o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh theo Bng tnh ton o
bc khi lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh
Yu cu tnh ton phi n gin, trnh by sao cho d kim tra. Cn ch
cc im sau:
- Khi tnh ton nn trit s dng t tha s chung. Cc b phn ging
nhau, rt tha s chung cho cc b phn c kch thc ging nhau gim bt s
php tnh.
- Phi ch n cc s liu c lin quan dng tnh cho phn tip theo.
- Khi tm kch thc v lp cc php tnh cn ch mi php tnh lp ra l
mt dng ghi vo bng tnh tin lng.
Bng tnh ton o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh
TT
Hng mc
b tng cc mc 300
Di
Rng
Cao
Khi
Ghi
lng
ch
M3
II
Hng mc
Bc 4
Tng hp cc khi lng xy dng o bc vo bng khi lng xy dng
Hng mc
b tng cc mc 300
n v
M3
II
Hng mc
520
Khi lng
Ghi ch
o, p t c thnh thng ng
o, p t c thnh vt taluy
h
( a * b (a a1 ) * (b b1 ) a1 * b1 )
6
Trong :
- a, b cnh y di
- a1, b1 - cnh y trn
- h - chiu cao
Kh
40Loi
30
28
25
50
40
40
m
1,20
1,73
1,88
2,15
0,84
1,20
1,20
Trng thi
m
m
40
1,20
32
1,60
35
1,43
30
1,73
40
1,20
35
1,43
25
2,15
35
27
25
20
30
25
14
m
1,43
1,96
2,15
2,75
1,73
2,15
4,00
- Nhm thp;
- ng knh ct thp;
- B phn kt cu
- Theo iu kin thi cng;
- V theo bin php thi cng;
- Chiu cao cu kin (vi mt s cng tc c bit)
c) Phng php tnh ton
Khi lng ct thp c o bc bao gm c mi ni chng, ni ren, ni
ng, ming m, con k, bu lng lin kt v khi lng ct thp bin php thi cng
(nu c).
- Cc thng tin cng tiu chun, hnh dng b mt v cc c im v
nhn dng khc cn c ghi ch.
Tnh tin lng ct thp trong kt cu b tng ct thp ta thng s dng
bng thng k ct thp. Ta cn ch : Khi cng chung, cng cc loi thp c cng
ng knh ca cc cu kin c cng quy cch trong cng trnh.
Bng thng k ct thp trong bn v thit k do ngi thit k tnh ton
nhng ta cng cn phi kim tra bng cch lp ra 1 bng thng k ct thp khc
da trn c s bn v thit k.
Chiu di dui thng ca ct thp = chiu di cu kin - lp bo v hai u +
chiu di hai mc cu. Chiu di mc cu c th tham kho mt trong hai bng sau
tnh.
8d
7d
6d
8-10
5d
12-16
5,5d
18-22
5d
527
25-32
4,5d
Bng tnh chiu di mc ca thanh thp trn trn (mm) (un 1800)
1 mc 2 mc 1 mc 2 mc
1 mc 2 mc 1 mc 2 mc
30
60
50
100
24
110
220
180
360
40
80
60
120
25
120
230
190
380
10
50
90
80
150
26
120
230
200
400
12
60
110
90
180
28
130
260
210
420
14
70
130
110
210
30
140
280
220
440
16
80
150
120
240
32
150
290
240
480
18
80
160
140
270
34
160
300
250
500
20
90
180
150
300
36
170
330
270
540
22
100
200
170
330
40
180
360
300
600
30
45
60
90
135
3,5
4
5
5,5
6,5
7
8
9
10
10,5
11
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12,5
14
15
16
8,5
10
12
13,5
15,5
17
19
21,5
24
25,5
27
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
50
56
60
64
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
62,5
70
75
80
3.4.6 Cng tc lm ng
a) Quy cch: Cn phn bit theo cc im sau:
528
+ Vt liu dng lp
+ Chng loi
+ Chiu cao v phng tin thi cng
d) Cng tc ca
Khi lng c o bc theo loi ca v b phn kt cu ca ca nh khung
ca, cnh ca, cc thanh np, cc tm np trang tr, hp ca, cc loi kha, cc loi
ph kin t ng, m
Khi lng ca cn c o bc tng hp theo cc b phn kt cu ni trn
ng vi tng loi ca.
Trong cng tc ny ch tnh khi lng ca mua m khng tnh nhn
cng lm ca. Ch tnh nhn cng lp dng ca.
- n v tnh: m cho ca v m di cho khun ca
- Quy cch: cn phn bit:
+ Loi cnh ca
+ Loi g
+ iu kin k thut
- Phng php tnh
Da theo kch thc mt bng v mt ct hoc bng thng k ca ta tnh
khi lng ca tng loi theo quy cch ca chng.
e) Cng tc trn
Khi lng c o bc theo loi trn (bao gm c tm trn, h dm trn,
khung treo, cc thanh ging, ming m ...) v khng bao gm ming thi, ming
ht, n chiu sng, bo khi thuc h thng k thut cng trnh c gn vo
trn.
f) 3.10.5 Cng tc mi
- Khi lng c o bc theo loi mi, b mt cn lp mi ng vi tng
khi lng theo kt cu ca mi nh v ko, ging v ko, x g, cu phong, lp
mi theo vt liu s dng (gm c lm p nc, b chy).
- Khi lng cng tc lm mi cn c o bc tng hp theo cc b phn
531
Bn v k thut - T l
Bn v xy dng v kin trc - Cch trnh by bn v
- T l
H thng ti liu thit k xy dng - Bn v xy dng
- Khung tn
Bn v xy dng - Cc phn b tr hnh v ch thch
bng ch v khung tn trn bn v
Bn v xy dng - Phng php chiu
Bn v nh v cng trnh xy dng - Th hin cc tit
din trn mt ct v mt nhn - Nguyn tc chung
Bn v k thut - Nguyn tc chung v biu din Phn 30: Quy c c bn v hnh chiu
Bn v k thut - Nguyn tc chung v biu din Phn 40: Quy c c bn v mt ct v hnh ct
Bn v k thut - Nguyn tc chung v biu din 533
20. Gio trnh v k thut xy dng - Nguyn Quang C - Nguyn Mnh Dng
21. Gio trnh v k thut xy dng - i hc Bch khoa Nng
22. Ti liu o to k s nh gi - Hc vin Cn b qun l xy dng v th
23. Quyt nh 788/Q-BXD nm 2010 v vic hng dn cng tc o bc khi
lng trong hot ng xy dng.
534