SCH 3U

Matter and Bonding Review

Use these answers for questions 1 and 2.

(A) O
(B) La
(C) Rb
(D)
1.
What is the most electronegative element above?

Mg

(E)

2.

Which of the elements above has the smallest atomic radius?

3..

Molecules that have planar configurations include which of the following?

I. BCl3
II. CHCl3
III. NCl3
(a) I only
(b) III only (c) I and II only
(d) II and III only
(e) I, II and III

4. The electron-dot structure (Lewis structure) for which of the following molecules would have
two unshared pairs of electrons on the central atom?
(a) H2S
(b) NH3
(c) CH4
(d) HCN
(e) CO2
5. The elements in which of the following have most nearly the same atomic radius?
(a) Be, B, C, N
(b) Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
(c) Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
(d) C, P, Se, I
(e) Cr, Mn, Fe, Co
6. What is illustrated in Lewis-dot diagrams?
7. Describe the process of chemical bonding in general terms.
8. Distinguish between a) element, compound, b) group, period, c) metal, nonmetal.
9. What are the names associated with these groups on the periodic table: I (far left), II, VII (2nd
from right), VIII (far right), the 10 columns between II and III, and the 2 rows at the bottom of the
table.
10. Summarize the contributions of Democritus, Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr (1
sentence each).
11. Who developed the first periodic table? How were elements ordered at that time?
12. Define atomic number and atomic mass. Why are atomic masses not whole numbers?
13. A neutral atom of 37Cl has __ neutrons. Its mass # is __, its atomic # is __, and it has __
electrons.
14. How does atomic size change going down a group or across a period? Explain.
15. Define ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. How do these change as we
move down a group or across a period? Explain each of the following trends.
(a) In general, there is an increase in the first ionization energy from Li to Ne.
(b) The first ionization energy of B is lower than that of Be.
(c) The first ionization energy of O is lower than that of N.
(d) Predict how the first ionization energy of Na compares to those of Li and of Ne. Explain.

16. Draw Lewis diagrams for: O, Al, Na, I, Xe. What are the stable ions and the valences for
these elements?
17. Identify each as ionic or covalent: a) CO2, b) NaCl, c) FeCl2, d) CCl4, e) Al2SO3.
18. Illustrate the bonding between Mg and P using both Lewis diagrams and B-R diagrams.
19. Use Lewis diagrams and structures to show the bonding between O + Cl, P + H, Ca + Cl, N
+ N.
20. List the typical physical properties of ionic & covalent compounds? What causes these
differences?
21. Classify as ionic, covalent, or polar covalent: H 2, CH4, LiF, H2O. Order these from low to
high boiling points.
22. Use valence to determine the chemical formulae for H + Cl, O + Na, P + Cl, Al + O, Mg + O.
23. Suppose that a molecule has the formula AB 3. Sketch and name two different shapes that
this molecule may have. For each of the two shapes, give an example of a known molecule that
has that shape. For one of the molecules you have named, interpret the shape in the context of
a modern bonding theory.
24. Draw Lewis structures for CO2, XeF4, SO3 and SO32- and predict the shape of each species.