PARTS OF A TYPICAL CELL AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Organelle
1. Cell wall
2. Plasma
Membrane
3. Mitochondrio
n
4. Vacuole
5. Golgi
apparatus

Structure
It is a nonliving component composed
of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
It is flexible and elastic. It is composed
of double layers of phospholipid,
proteins, carbohydrates and steroids.
It is a double-membrane structure. The
inner membrane is folded forming
cristae. It is referred to as the
powerhouse of the cell.
A compartment covered by a single
membrane called tonoplast.
They are stacks of single membranes
that are connected to the plasma
membrane and endoplasmic reticulum.

9. Nucleoplasm
/ Nuclear sap

The complex fluid that fills the cell. The

outer cytoplasm (exoplasm) is gel-like,
while the inner cytoplasm is fluid (sollike). The fluid part is capable of
streaming (cyclosis).
It is a double-layered membrane that
encloses the nucleus. The outer
membrane is porous.
It is the dense, spherical body inside
the nucleus. It contains the nucleic acid
RNA.
It is the gel-like material that fills the
nucleus.

10.
Chromo
somes

They are highly coiled structures that

form a network over the nucleoplasm.

11.

It is the spherical body that is

composed of organelles 7 to 10.

6. Cytoplasm

7. Nuclear
membrane
8. Nucleolus

Nucleus

12.
Endopla
smic
reticulum

It is the network of channels composed

of a single-membrane that may ne
bumpy if it contains ribosomes (Rough
ER) or Smooth (SER) if does not
contain ribosomes.

13.
Chlorop
lastid

It is double-membrane structure that

contains chlorophyll pigments.

14.
es

They are two small rods that lie at right

angles to each other. Each rod is
surrounded with tiny microtubules
arranged like the spokes of a wheel.

Centriol

Function
Provides for mechanical
support and maintains cell
shape in plant cells.
Selectively permeable;
regulates the entry and exit of
materials
Provides energy for the cell in
the form of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)
Stores water, food, or waste for
the cells
Sorts, packages, and secretes
materials; also involved in the
processing and modification of
protein.
Matrix of the different cellular
organelles; distribution of
materials throughout the cell
due to cyclosis.
Separates the nuclear contents
from the contents of the
cytoplasm.
Synthesis of RNA and
production of ribosomes.
Functions as the matrix of the
chromosomes and nucleolus.
Carriers of genes responsible in
transmitting hereditary
characteristics
The control center of the cell;
directs and coordinates all
cellular activities
Translocation of materials
within the cell and in and out of
the nucleus.
Provides for the green color of
plants; functions for
photosynthesis.
Formation of spindle fibers
during the cell division;
function as the anchor for the
cytoskeletons.

PARTS OF A TYPICAL CELL AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

15.
me

Lysoso

16.
me

Riboso

It is a single membrane compartment

containing powerful hydrolytic
enzymes. It is referred to as the
suicide bag of the cell.

Simplifies / Breaks down

complex materials.

Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

or free floating in the cytoplasm

Makes specific amino acid.

They are called protein
factories