Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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ME Alarms and trip- jcw, lo, pco, cyl oil, spring air, safety air, control air, t/c oil, fo
low pr, cam shaft lo pr,
scavenge air ht, exhaust ht,
1.Exhaust temp of one unit is high; what could be the reason? Leaky injector,leaky
exhaust valve,scavenge
fire,incorrect fuel injection timing,incorrect fuel pump setting,scavenge ports
choked, temp indicator faulty.
2. How is L.O. For X head lubrication delivered in (B/W SULZER Engines)separate
pipe fron m\e sump in
BNW and separate crosshead pump for sulzer engines.
3. How many the rods will be there? Function of tie rods?funtion pf tie rods is to hold
the cylinder block,
engine frame and bed plate under compression. 2N+2
4. What is the role of the Thrust block? The role of thrust block is to transmit the
axial thrust from the
propeller to the hull to avoid misalignment of crankshaft
5. Where is the thrust bearing in MC series or RTA engines?? in MC series engines
thrist block is placed
after the flywheel.
6. Why is the thrust bearing at the aft end of the engine and not at the forward end?
in the aft end to take the
axial thrust from propeller. Correct location of crankpin wrt centre of cyl.
7. Why is the thrust bearing close to the engine and close to the stern tube? Area
near stern tube small and
nt adequately stiffened.
8. M/E stuffing box components? Housing, 4 part scrapper, 8 part sealing, 4 part
sealing, 8 part sealing,
nitrile rubber rings, garter springs, diaphragm
9. What is the role of the stuffing box? Isolate crankcase from combustion chamber,
avoid mixing of oils,
avoid combustion products goin to c/c
10. What is the difference between stuffing box drain oil and scavenge space drain
oil? Scavenge space
drain oil is cyl oil. Stuffing box drain oil is c/c oil.
11. Why are piston rings changed? Excessive wearing, broken, avoid blow past,
proper sealing.
12.stroke Valve timing diagram
13. What are the strokes in 2 stroke and four stroke engines? Compression/
expansion stroke.
Suction/compression/power/exhaust.
14. Why are telescopic pipes used for oil lubrication? For X hd lubrication.
15. Why is fuel timing important? Efficient combustion, avoid fuel knock, maximum
power output, avoid
after burning.
16. How is checked and adjusted? (engine type based on candidate?s experience)
changing relative angular
position of cam peak to crankshaft, raising plunger wrt follower, raising or lowering
the casing.
17. What is the principle of a diesel engine? Dual cycle.
18. Why are 2 springs sometimes used in inlet and exhaust valves? Avoid breaking
or bending due to
Resonance, one right hand and other left hand, twisting moment neutralized,
increase closing force on
valve, avoid valve bounce.
19. What will you check in springs during overhaul? Dropping from a height,
compress on a vice
20. I-low does a roto-cap work?
21. How is BHP calculation using indicator diagram done?
22. What is MEP and MIP? Mean effective pressure, mean indicated pressure.
23. What is the difference between the two
24. Why is cylinder head fitted in engines house the cyl hd mountings, provide an
enclosed combustion
chamber, take compression and gas load.
25. Are there engines w/o cylinder head? Yes, double acting doxford 2 stroke
opposed piston engines.
26. Draw 2s timing diagram
27. Why is an expansion tank provided in jacket cooling water system? Air removal,
replenishing water,
expansion of hot liquid, positives suction head for pump.
28. Why do we Blow through? Engines? To avoid water hammer.
29. How is T/C RPM measured? Proximity sensor
30. Is there any difference between A/E and M/E Governors a/e governor- load
dependent constant speed
covernor, m/e governor- speed dependent variable speed.
31. Indicator cards why and and how are they taken? Me performance,
32. What is Hydrodynamic lubrication? Wedge of liquid is formed due to rotation,
moving surfaces
separated by pr of continuous unbroken film of lub. Load taken completely by oil
film.
33. What is rolling contact bearing? Ball or roller bearings
34. What is MCR and CSR? Maximum continuous rating- max continuous output at
which engine can be
run safely and continuously, used for calculation of strength of engine. CSRcontinuous standard ratingoutput
at service speed for economical and efficient operation corresponding to thermal
and mechanical
load. Maintenance point of view
35. What is PS? What is its relation to kilowatt? PS german unit for horse power. 1 PS
= 0.7355 KW =
0.986 hp
36. What was the specific fuel consumption in your last ship? 171 +- 5% @ mcr
37. What was the specific cylinder oil consumption? Cylinder oil consumption in
grams per KwHr.
38. What is relation between power and rpm of a main diesel engine? Direct
proportionality.
39. What will be the power developed by a main engine if it runs in DD? Bhp is
generated but Tp and Ep
wud be 0.
40. What is the relation between the ship?s speed and engine power?
41. Will the engine develop any power, if it is run when a ship is aground? yes
42. What is a CPP? How does it function?? controllable pitch propeller,
43. What is the difference between fuel valve opening pressure and fuel injection
pressure?
44. What is an under slung crankshaft? Supported from top, having springs on axles
below. Low cog.
45. How many crankshafts are there in ?V? type engines? one
46. How are connecting rods fitted?
47.Do two stroke engines need tappet clearance adjustment? no
48. How will you know, without opening anything, that an engine is 2S or 4S?
49. What are the two strokes in 2S engines called? Compression, power
50. Why does Sulzer use hydraulic jack bolts for main bearings?
51. What is the meaning of TBN in lubricating oils?
52. Why is LO of different TBN used for M/E cylinder oil and Crankcase oil??
53. What are the valves of TBN for main engine crankcase oil? 8-10 for c/c oil, 70-80
cyl oil, trunk piston30-40
54. What is the difference between ?heat? and ?temperature?? heat is a form of
energy. Temp is the degree
of hotness or coolness of the body
55. If water is found in crank case lo, what could be the cause? Liner leakage,
purifier not efficient,
56.How will you test the opening pressure of a crank case relief door? Relief valve
assembly removed from
place and fitted to a blank flange with connections for compressed air and pr.
Gauge. Comp air then
admitted slowly to check lifting pr,
57.Sketch stern tube lubricating oil system. Type of seal arrangements to prevent
lubricating oil going
overboard/sea water coming in. lip seal, stuffing box, radial face seals
58. How and why are tappet clearances taken?
59. What will you check in crane case inspection? Crankshaft deflection, metal
particles in oil, smell and
colour of oil, paint peeling off, scoring on piston rod, black oil underside of stuffing
box, web slippage,
bearing metal oozing out from casing, oil flowing from all lubricating points,
crankcase vents clear,
connecting rod playgeneral inspection for any cracks.
60. State the starting interlocks on Main Engine. Turning gear interlock, running
direction interlocks, cam
position interlock, telegraph interlock
61. How will you commission Aux. Engine (Generator) after its decarbonization?
62. How will you draw out lubricating samples for analysis and what information is
require to he furnished
to laboratory? After filters when engine is still running. Running hours, machinery,
original grade of oil.
63. If a piston has suffered damage/crack, how is the main Engine Unit out off?
64. How will you remove Main Bearing bottom half of Main Engine and also push
back?
65. How is poker gauge reading taken and what is its significance? To measure
propeller drop.
66. What is Impressed current system? Where is it fitted ? What is its purpose? How
does it work?
67. What checks are carried out on Tall Shaft? Bending, resin grease on flange
between tail and
intermediate shaft, cracks, alignment, grooving in way of seals, shaft grounding
votage.
68. How will you proceed to take crankshaft deflections? What could possibly he
reasons for crankshaft
misalignment? Bearing wear down, saddle wear, grounding, distortion of bed plate,
uneven loading,
prolonged low load operation, slak foundation bolts, improper loading and ballasting
69. State your main engine specifications. in line 6 cyl,super long stroke, 600 mm
bore dia, 2000 mm stoke
length, turbocharged, 11500 kw @ 97 rpm, cam operated
70. What action will you take if Main Engine Piston is about to seize? Increase
cylinder lub and keep
turning on turning gear.
71. Setting pressure of crankcase relief valve? Relationship between area of relief
valve and volume of
crankcase. Aggregate area of all valves to be 115 cm2 per m3 crank case
volume.0.2 bar. Fiteed for engines
more than 200mm bore or 0.6 m3 cc volume. 200-250- 1 at each end, 1 more if
more than 8 cyl, 250-300one at each alternate crank throw, minimum 2, >300- one in each crank throw. One
in chain case.
72. What is the difference between Main Engine and Aux. Engine Governor?
73. How will you reverse the the engine from full ahead/full astern/ crash stop?
74. When blowing through main engine, one of the units relief valve is lifted. What
could be the reasons?
Indicator cock shut and water inside.
75. Why does a Piston seize? What action must be taken? Cylinder lubrication
inadequate, micro seizure.
76. What will you check if piston cooling and jacket cooling temperatures start going
high? Preheat setting,
jcw temperature controller, purge oil from controller, lt cooling temp high.
77. What are the symptoms of piston crack and liner crack? What action will you
take? Rapid rise in sump
level, piston cooling temperature high.
78. What is athwart ship4? Port starboard
79. What is name Thrust Block and what is its purpose and where is it fitted?
80. What is the name of big end Bearing Bolts?
81. Give reasons for main engine not starting on air. Starting air pr low, v/v on start
air bottle closed, valve
to star air distributor closed, main air block valve closed, turning gear engaged,
pistons in distributor
sticking, distributor wrongly adjusted, sticking control valve of distributor, cylinder
air start valve
defective, no control air, in cpp control air blades not on zero pitch.
82. What is Compression pressure in main engine? 100-110 bar
83. What is the first symptom of Scavenge fire? Increase in scavenge air
temperature, increased exhaust
temp, surging, smoke from t/c air inlet, smoke, noise
84. Why do we measure Butt clearance? To maintain the specified clearance
85. What is the use of telegraph? Communication device.
86. State maximum and minimum clearances of Butt clearance. 0.5% to 1% of bore
diameter.
87. Describe safety features of a main engine. Cylinder head relief valve, crankcase
relief valve, oil mist
detector, scavenge air high temp. alarm, bearing high temp alarm,bursting disc in
starting air line
88. State remedial measures of a Scavenge fire. in small fire continue to run engine,
cut off fuel to affected
unit, inc cyl oil, keep clear of scavenge door, check parameters, if large fires reduce
speed stop engine,
auxiliary blower off, t\c inlet covered, fuel oil shut off, scavenge drains closed, cyl
lube shut, introduce
fixed fire fighting, boundry cooling,when temp low enogh , enter ,clean, find
outcause and rectify.
89. What is diesel knock and how does it affect engine performance? Combustion
noise due to ignition
delay, occurs during starting from cold. Rapid increase in pressure and temperature,
after burning,
uneconomic running.
90. What is after burning and what are its symptoms? Exhaust temp high,
uneconomic running, reduction in
thermal efficiency, loss of power, fouling from carbon deposits, overheating in
exhaust system.
91. What are the types of Scavenging?? loop, cross, uniflow
92. What will you do if jacket temperature of Auxi. Engine increases in the watch?
Change over jacket
water cooler or put both coolers in service.
93. How do you come to know an exhaust valve is leaking in any cylinder?? high
exhaust temperature, loss
of compression pressure, spark from funnel,
94. How do we know if an air inlet is leaking? Starting air line will be hot, relief
valve/ bursting disc will
lift
95. What is the requirement of a crosshead? take the axial thrust exerted by the
connecting rod and transmit
it to A frame.
96. How is an engine installed on a tanktop? Holding down bolts, side and bottom
chocks.
97. What is scavenge fire? Causes, Prevention and action taken?
98. What is crankcase explosion? Causes, Prevention and action taken?
99. To what pressure is a crankcase relief door valve set and how does it function?
0.2 bar.
100. During manoeuvring if automatic air starting valve gets seized, what action will
you take? in one
deign I t can be operated by hand by engaging a clutch on a collar on the valve
spindle, in another design
auto valve operated by hand wheel can be set to three position, positively shut,
positively open and auto
operation.
101. What have you gained from the Simulation Course attended by you?
102. What is the safety out simulator?
103. From where we do the crash manoeuvring? Engine control room or local control
station.
104. How is an AE decarbonised?
105. What precaution will you take while increasing oil scraper ring in piston groove
and why?
106. How do you start a generator??
107.How to start a purifier and stop it? Fill operating water tank, open steam to
heater, start motor, wait till
amperage drops to normal. manual starting...first run the px motor...then supply the
bowl closing water for
10 sec...then supply seal water till u see it coming out of sludge port. then supply
bowl opening water for 2
119.How is an indicator Card Diagram taken? Power card- drum in phase with piston
movement.
Compression card- drum in phase, fuel cut off, out of phase dia- drum 90 deg out of
phase, light spring diain
phase with a light comp spring.
120. Bunkering Procedure.
121. Why does surging take place in Turbo charger? Reduction in load, back
pressure wave.
122. How is a fuel injector tested onboard? Fuel injector test kit.
123. Methods of starting.
124. Describe lubricating systems of Main Engine and Aux. Engine.
125. Define mechanical efficiency, brake power, thermal efficiency. Mechanical eff =
brake power/
indicated power. Brake power is the power available at the flywheel measured by
dynamometer. Thermal
efficiency = heat converted into work / heat added.
126. What are the starting precautions taken for AE?
127. Difference between 2-S and 4-S.
128. Crankcase explosion.
129. Spark coming from funnel. Exhaust valve leaking, after burning, late injection,
egb fire, fuel pump
timing incorrect.
130. 2 hour notice, action for sailing. Aux gen, lo/ fo/ purifier, propeller clearance,
prelube, turning, stering
gear test, control test, t/c drains and main air start line drains shut, top up air
bottle, blowers on auto, blow
through,
131. M/E parameters and safety devices.
132. Black smoke coming out of exhaust, reason and action. Improper combustion,
dripping injector, fuel
154.Funnel spark.
155. How to avoid sparking? Proper fuel preparation and injection, timing, good
quality fuel, egb soot
blow,
156.Engine starting flow diagram.
157. Safeties of M/E.
158.What is power? Rate of doing work.
159.Crank pin dia measurement. Crank pin top bottom, port starboard.
160.Vemier calliper (zero setting)
161.Fuel injector testing.
162.Piston ring calibration. Axial clearance, butt clearance, radial clearance.
163.Air starting line, safeties. Bursting disc, relief valve, stop valves on air bottle,
main air stop valve nrv,
drain valve at lowest point, separate filling and main air line on bottle.
164.Liner gauging. Template in fwd-aft and port starboard direction. Various point
from top to bottom.
165. Propeller + rudder drop and effect. Propeller drop- whirling of propeller,
increase in load on stern tube
bearing, loss of lubrication, cracks in tail shaft, vibrations, loss of propelling
efficiency, chance of water
leakage into e/r. rudder drop- wear of rudder carrier bearing or pintle bearings.
Slamming of rudder in
heavy seas, decrease in steerin efficiency.
166.Explain Air system of M/E. 30 k line-air bottle ? main air valve- automatic block
valve ? distributor ?
starting air valve.
167. Indication for air starting v/v leaking.
168. Flash point, power point, Auto ignition. Flash point is the minimum temperature
at which the vapours
emitted by a volatile fluid are enough to give a momentary flash of fire and fire
point is the temp at which
vapours are enough to support continuous burning. Auto ignition temp is the
minimum temperature at
which the substance will ignite spontaneously without any external source of
ignition.
169.Liner is coming with piston (during removal).
170.Exhaust valve opening. Overhaul ? close spring air. Shut hp lo line. Close jcw
water inlet and drain.
Remove hp line. Remove spring air line. loosen bolts hydraulically. Put I bolt on top,
lift by crane. How
valve opens- opened by oil supplied from cam shaft lo system. Hydraulic pump on
cam shaft. Hp oil
delivered to a cylinder on top of valve spindle. Inside cylinder is a piston which is
actuated by hp oil which
opens the valve. Within the casing is another cylinder and piston. Space under this
piston is supplied with
compressed air 6k. this causes exhaust valve to close when hp discharge stops.
171.A/E piston removal and checks. Piston rings, ring grooves, template for piston
top profile, cracks,
gudgeon pin clearance and ovality,
172.Adjustment of compression ratio in trunk piston and 2 stroke. For two stroke use
shims between palm
of piston rod and cross head pin. Trunk piston engines173.Bearing and clearance.
174.MCR, How to calculate? Maximam continuous rating, it is said to have reached
when one or more of
these factors are fulfilled- maximum quantity of fuel burnt efficiently in the engine,
maximum safe stresses
on the engine parts without failure, when the mean piston speed and revolution can
not be increased safely
any more.
175.M/E trip, How to check?
176.Difference between 2S, 4S connecting rods. 2s- flat palm bearing top and
bottom, 4-s- oblique type con
rod with bush @ top end.
177.Chain elongation. Due to slackness the cam shaft may lag behind crank shaft
which delays all timings.
Provided that total stretch is within maximum limits, chain can be tightened to
reduce slackness. Chains
generally do not elongate but slackness is due to wear down of sprockets. Slack
adjusted by chain
tensioning device which functions by moving a sprocket in and out to take up slack.
As the chain is
retensioned the cam shaft sprocket eventually gets retarded thus causing change in
timings.
I 78.Steering safeties. Relief shock valves, buffer relief valves, by pass valves,
isolating valves,
replenishing pump, standby pump, motor overload alarm, hyd oil lp alarm, tank low
level alarm, supply
from esb, control system failure alarm, steering failure alarm, power failure alarm.
179.Engine not reversing, what to check? Reversing servomotor at end position,
relief valve on pneumatic
cylinder for camshaft shiting, lifted, running direction interlock, cam position
interlock, air bottle pressure
low
180.AlE not starting, What are checks? Lo priming pump not running, turning bar
not in place, fuel pump
rack stuck, distributor not working properly, piston seized In liner,
181.How to remove piston?
182.Starting and reversing.
193.Sump lub oil level decreases. Purifier overflow, heater leakage, cooler leakage,
194.Diesel knock (TDC knock. BDC knock) diesel knock @ tdc due to ignition delay.
Bdc knockmechanical
knock hammering between moving parts or moving and stationary parts.
195.Single throw crank. Single throw means a set of web+pin+web between two
journals. Double throw
web+pin+flying web+pin+web between two journals
196.Types of exhaust v/v
197. A/E 500 hour, routine maintenance. injectors
198.Fuel injector cooling types. Diesel oil / Water cooled
199.Difference in lubrication of sulzer and B&W? crosshead lube oil pump.
200. M/E main and cross head bearing lubrication.
201.Cross head lubrication in B&W.
202.Camshaft drive. Chain drive or gear train.
203.Need for 2 exhaust valve on A/E. increase in area, reduction in weight of valve
and spring, reducing
inertia force and valve bounce, increase in volumetric eff
204.Manoeuvring diagram, safety, air-governor, emergency stop, ahead, astern,
pilot signal to air
distribution, air distribution interlock, other interlock circuit, crash maneuvering,
emergency.
205.Camshaft lubricating oil pump. Tank-filter-pump-cam shaft casing- drainmagnetic filter-tank. Drains
so placed to retain some oil and cam to dip.
206. Why water in air bottle? Condensation on cooler part of the bottle
207.Difference between flywheel and governor. Flywheel retains energy for use
during comp stroke in 2s
and suc/comp/exh stroke in 4s. governor maintain speed of engine by varying fuel
supply.
208.Exhaust v/v burn out indication. Increased exh temperature, high jcw outlet
temp
209.Scrapper ring functions? Why holes are provided? Oil flowing down the liner is
carried up again by the
ring, to drain the scrapped oil back into the cc.
210.Generator not starting on air, decks?
211 .Generator arrangement.
212. Power balancing approx equal power developed in each unit. Carried out by
varying amount of fuel to
each unit.
213.OMD calibration. Check button provided, meter should move to max, red
indicator warning lamp and
remote lamp to light and audible alarm should sound.
214.Engine not starting on air and fuel.
215.Scavenge fire inspection
216.Boiler air fuel ratio.
217.Indicator card reference line.
218. Sulzer reversing mechanism.
219. How T/G effects starting of engine, what if cut off?
220. While entering a channel, engine J. W. cooling temperature is raising, what
action wi11 you take? Use
high sea suction, c/o cooler or put both coolers in use
221.Charging piston rings (procedure)
222.Exhaust temp is going high, actions taken.
223.Setting of overfeed trip and its working. 115% for gen and 120% for me comes
to action when
governor fails. Shuts fuel supply. Overspeed trip required for safety reasons.
224.Cylinder head v/v opens inward (reason) if opening upwards cyl hd needed of
split construction.
Spring exposed to exh gases, deterioration. Closing force required would be more,
spring size increased.
225.Gear inspection? What is backlash? 1-low much it should be? Normal cond- .24
to .41, max-.73mm,
clearance between two enmeshing gears, measured by means of feeler or
micrometer with enmeshing gears
in line with center.
226. Max. allowable wear of cylinder liner. 0.6 to 0.8 of original dia.
227.What is mech efficiency? Why is it less in 4 stroke?
228.How to check o/s trip?
229.Piston running hot indications and action to be taken?
230. Firing order of last ship? 162534
231.Sequence of admitting starting air in cylinder.
232.Air distributor.
233.A/E decarb, safety precautions.
234.Liner removing instructions.
235.Line calibration, clearances
236.HP/KW 1hp = 746 w = 0.746 kw
237.Crankshaft deflections, out come, why is it taken, what happens if not correct.
238.Bridge gauge used where, how clearance measure.
239.Timing of 4-s.
240.Test carried out on L.O. water content, alkalinity, drop test, viscosity,
241.How will you check the fuel pump liming??
242.Causes of less L.O. Pressure. Filter chocked, pump efficiency reduced, blockage
of oil holes and pipes,
contamination of lo.
243.How mechanical seal works. Carbon or ceramic seal face
244.Prove uniform scavenging is better than other types.
q. Disconnect the scavenge & exhaust manifold from the cylinder head.
r. Open the cylinder head bolts using the Torque spanner or hydraulic jack(As
provided on your vessel).
s. Check the lifting gear (Crane & chain block, Eye bolt, etc.)
t. Lift the cylinder head & put it at a suitable place.
u. Open the crankcase door.
v. Bring the piston to TDC position & attach eye-bolt on it and Attach hook of chain
block to it.(Before bringing Piston to TDC, the top part of liner needs to be cleaned)
w. Bring the piston to BDC and open the bottom-end bolts & remove bottom end
bearing.
x. As load of piston is now on Lifting gear, so take it out & put it on the piston stand.
y. Remove the piston rings using ring extractor.
z. Remove the circlip from the gudgeon pin & take out the gudgeon pin, so
connecting rod can be taken out.
Actions:a. Check L.P. Cut out setting, Cut out pressure OK.
b. Check flow of gas by seeing sight glass which should show full flow of refrigerant.
c. If no full flow- Either less gas or drier chocked, Clean the drier.
d. Check level in receiver, if low, then charge gas.
e. Expansion valve filter choked, then clean it.
f. Expansion valve malfunctioning- Change it.
g. Evaporator choked- Blow-thru evaporator with nitrogen.
Can not pump out bilges. What checks? What to do if pipe holed?
Check Sounding of bilge tank.
Check Bilge tank outlet v/v open or not.
Check P/p inlet v/v open or not.
Check p/p working properly.
If vaccum developing that means hole in pipeline.
If pipe is holed:Carry out Vaccum test by closing inlet valve & opening outlet /v.
If hole is between the inlet v/v and p/p, vaccum will develop, now remove top of v/v
and put water.
If hole is in between Inlet v/v and bilge tank outlet v/v, then again put S.W
Boiler press coming up and gone above the safety valve lifting pressure. What to
do?
Reasons:
Improper combustion.
Burning of carbon particles collected at EGE.
Overloading of engine.
Inform bridge & Chief engineer.
Raise engineers? call/emergency alarm.
Before starting bilge pump note down the position of vessel & time of starting.
Other engineers will in between try to locate the hole or burst of pipe and repair.
If ingress of water very high, start another pump.
Reduce the engine r.p.m.
Change over main s.w suction to emergency bilge suction.
If level is still coming up try to protect the motor from short-circuiting , if required
start emergency bilge suction valve.
If situation is not coming in control, prepare lifeboat for lowering.
Flooding in Engine Room what to do?
Reasons:Insufficient pre-purging.
Blower not working.
Accumulation of oil.
Leaky solenoid valve.
Dripping of burner.
iv. After this check the injector again for its lifting pressure, atomization, steady fall
of pressure and dripping.
To prevent oxidation
To avoid thermal stress on boiler.
How to overhaul gear pump and centrifugal pump? And clearance to take.
During maneuvering Bursting disc of air compressor get damaged, what action to
take?
Inform the bridge about the problem and to give lesser kicks.
Start the stand by compressor.
Isolate the compressor whose bursting disc is damaged.
Change the bursting disc, if available onboard.
If Not available, then let the S.W go into the E/room bilges, otherwise Fresh water
cooled , then join a flexible hose and put into the expansion tank.
Procedure
Ship side valve 1 is opened followed by valve 2.
Valve 2 is NR which is fully opened to avoid cutting off seat.
Rate of blow down controlled by Valve 3.
For scum blow down valve 4 & 5 are used.
Procedure of tightening:
First tighten all the bolts by hand slightly without putting any pressure.
Now, tighten bolt 1 & 2 equally. Then 3 & 4.
Tighten bolt 5 & 6. then 7 & 8 equally.
Tighten bolt 9 & 10.
Now again tighten 7 & 8. Then 5 & 6.
Tighten bolt 3 & 4. then 1 & 2.
Or you can say we first tighten outward bolts of both side & then inward side.
Then we move in opposite steps. i.e. tight inward bolts & then outward bolts.
W - Special piping required to get coolant to and from piston without leak
O - No special means required and leakage not a problem with less risk of
hammering and bubble impingement.
W - Coolant drains tank required to collect water if engine has to be drained.
O - Increased capacity sump tank required
W - Pistons often of more complicated design
O - Thermal stresses in piston generally less in oil cooled pistons
W - Cooling pumps may be stopped more quickly after engine stopped
O - Large volumes of oil required to keep oxidation down and extended cooling
period required after engine stopped to prevent coking of
Camber:-The transverse curvature of the deck from the centerline down to the
sides. This camber is used on exposed deck to drive water to the sides of the ship.
Sheer:- The curvature of the deck in a fore & aft directions, rising from midship to
the maximum at the ends. It makes a ship more seaworthy by raising the deck at
the fore & after ends further from the water and by reducing the volume of water
coming on the deck.
Tumble Home:- In some ships, the midship side shell in the region of the upper deck
is curved slightly towards the centre line, thus reducing the width of the upper deck
& decks above.
Rise of Floor:- The bottom shell of ship is sometimes sloped up from the keel to the
bilge to facilitate drainage. The rise of floor is very small.
Reserve Buoyancy:- It is the potential buoyancy of a ship and depends upon the
intact, watertight volume above the waterline.
When a mass is added to ship, or buoyancy is lost due to bilging, the reserve
buoyancy is converted into buoyancy by increasing the draught. If the loss in
bupyancy exceeds the reserve buoyancy the V/L will sink.
6. What is free surface effect. How knowledge of free surface effect will be useful.
How it is reduced constructionally.
Free Surface Effect:- When a tank of liquid is partially filled & the mass of liquid is
moved. This movement affects the Metacentric height. This is called free surface
effect.
If free surface effects becomes more, then ship may Capsize.
Corrugated Bulkhead:-
Methods of reducing rolling. Sketch of attachment of bilge keel. What ensures ship
side will not be damaged if bilge keel suffers a damage.
Various Methods of Reducing Rolling are:a. Fin stabliser
b. Bilge keel
10. How much length bilge keel extends to.
It is half of the length of the ship. Starting from midship to fore & aft equally
distanced.
The propeller enters the shaft outside from the ship, acting as its barrier. In case of
water cooled Stern Tube, Gland packing are used to prevent water ingress inside.
But incase of Lignum vitae bearing, some water is allowed to go.
In case of Oil cooled Stern tube, the rubber seals fitted with springs are used.
17. what is block coefficient. If we say that block coefficient of one ship is 0.9 and
0ther 0.95. what does it mean.
Block Coefficient:- It is the ratio of volume of displacement to the product of the
length, breadth & draught.
Cb = Volume of displacement / (L x B x d)
When Block coef. If more, it means Volume of displacement is more.
18. Regulations for pumping out ER bilges in Special areas and outside special
areas.
Pumping out ER Bilges outside special area:
As per Marpol Annex I, Regulation 15.
Any discharge into the sea of oily or oily mixtures from ships of 400 GRT & above
shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied:1. The ship should be proceeding enroute from Point A to point B.
2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment.
3. The oily content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than
15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
Pumping out ER Bilges inside special area.
1. The ship should be proceeding enroute from Point A to Point B.
2. The oily mixture is processed through an Oil filtering Equipment approved by the
Administration.
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than
15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from Cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
6. Any discharge into sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited in
Antarctic area.
6. The tanker has in operation an Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System &
slop tank arrangement approved by the Administration.
The SOPEP consists of:1. The procedure to be followed by Master & other person having charge of the ship
to report an Oil Pollution incident.
2. The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in event of Oil Pollution incident.
3. A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons onboard
to reduce or control the discharge of oil.
4. The procedures & point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating ship board action
with national & local authorities.
1. The disposal into the sea of all plastics, plastic garbage bags and incinerator
ashes from plastic products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues is
prohibited.
2. The disposal of garbage i.e., dunnage, lining & packing materials to be made 25
Nautical miles away from the nearest land.
3. Disposal of food wastes and all other garbage including paper products, rags,
glass, metal to be made 12 Nautical miles away from the nearest land.
4. Disposal of food wastes can be permitted if it has passed through a comminuter
or grinder , distance is more than 3 Nautical miles from the nearest land. Such
comminuted or ground garbage shall be capable of passing through a screen with
openings no greater than 25mm.
25. What chapter of Solas refers to Bulk carriers, Chemical tankers, ISM code, ISPS
code
Bulk Carrier : SOLAS Chapter 12 Additional Safety Requirement for Bulk Carriers
Chemical Tankers:- SOLAS Chapter 7 Carriage of Dangerous goods.
ISM Code: SOLAS Chapter 9 Management for the safe operation of ship.
ISPS Code: SOLAS Chapter 11-2 Special Measures to enhance maritime security.
Marking on Liferaft:
a. Name of Ship.
b. Port of Registry
c. IMO Number
d. Carrying Capacity
e. Maker Name
f. Serial Number
g. Date of last servicing.
2. Deadman Handle
d. Now, close the drain valve, open the section isolating stop valve. To check
the flow switch, open the flow test switch to activate an alarm.
e. All the above alarms will be indicated on the navigation bridge, E/room as
well as in the Fire Control Room. The alarm will also indicate the particular zone
from where it has risen.
f. If all the alarm conditions are satisfied, close all the testing valves, open
the section isolating valve, purge the sprinkler line by air and again keep the line
pressurized. Check from the pressure gauge, that proper pressure has been
maintained or not.
37. Why fire line fitted with relief valve and drain valve
Relief valve:- Relief valve is provided if pumps are capable of developing the
pressure exceeding the design pressure of water service pipes, hydrants & hoses. It
assists to avoid any overpressure to develop in any part of the fire main.
The fire line is fitted with relief valve to prevent the damage to pipe in case , the V/L
is fighting fire with the help of shore while in dry-dock.
Drain Valve :- Drain valve is fitted to drain the fire line when not in use & also
prevent the damage to pipe due to icing, while V/L is operating in Sub-zero
temperature area.
51. Enclosed space entry. How to prepare a tank for enclosed space entry.
CAS Applies to only Type 2 tankers. Which are to be phased out in segregated
manner by April 2015.
CAS is a method of checking structural integrity of ship, & its certification by regular
inspection by authority. The said inspections are carried on annually by authorities.
62.What are the routine tests and maintenance on high expansion foam system?
63. What are the preparations before the ship going for drydocking?
64. Your have just joined a ship then how will you identify that the ship is following
the regulations of Marpol Annex 1?
Trips in IG System
a. High Casing Temp. trip
b. Low lube oil pressure trip.
c. Low/ no flow scrubber water
d. Low / no flow deck seal water.
e. High boiler pressure trip.
f. Low boiler pressure trip.
Alarms in Boiler
a. Low water level Alarm
b. Too low water level alarm.
c. High water level alarm
d. High fuel oil temp. alarm.
e. Low fuel oil temp. alarm
f. Low boiler pressure alarm.
Trips in Boiler
a. Low Low level water trip
b. High boiler pressure trip.
c. Flame failure
d. Low fuel oil pressure trip.
g. Tightness of face mask & wearer?s face be checked for effective tightness
of the seal.
h. Pressure gauge to be checked for proper working.
i. Cylinder valve should operate freely.
69. WHAT IS THE DIFF betn stiffeners of collision BKHD and normal BKHD .
76.Meaning of Panting,Pounding?
Panting :- As the waves pass along the ship they cause fluctuations in water
pressure which tend to create an in- and- out movement of the shell plating. The
effect is mostly found to be greatest at the ends of the ship, particularly at the fore
end. Such effect is termed as Panting.
Pounding:- When a ship meets heavy weather and commences heaving and
pitcxhing, the rise of the fore end of the ship occasionally synchronises with the
trough of the wave. The fore end then emerges from the water and re-enters with a
tremendous slamming effect known as pounding.
77. Function of Bulbous bow?
As per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 33. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by
oil .Every crude oil tanker of 20000 Dwt and above shall be fitted with cargo tank
cleaning system using crude oil washing.
The purpose of COW is to reduce accumulation of sludge in tanks & reduce the
amount of carry over cargo.
During operation of COW, tanks must have oxygen content less than 8 % and under
positive IG Pressure.
The advantage of COW is that tank remains clean & ROB cargo is less & hence
increases cargo carrying capacity.
79. What IG System Requirement. Why IG System not used on ships which are less
than 20000 dwt?
Every oil tanker of 20000 DWT or above should be provided with an IG
System.
IG System is not used on ship which are less than 20000Dwt because COW is not
applicable to ship which are lesser than 20000 DWT .
81. Explain Sprinkler system operation, bulb colour code operation & draw diagram
of quartzoid bulb?
84. Limits of NOx & SO x and why they are not applicable to boilers? What are the
precautionary & prevention measure to reduce? What are the certificates
concerning this?
Limits of NOx:a. 17.0 g/Kw-h when n less than 130 rpm.
b. 45.0 x n -0.2 g/Kw-h when is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm
c. 9.8 g/Kw-h when n is 2000 rpm or more.
Limits of Sox.
Outside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 4.5 %.
Inside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 1.5 %.
If the fuel oil taken in SECA is having more than 1/5 % Sox content , then Exhaust
Gas Cleaning system be fitted to reduce the total emission of sulphur oxides from
ship, including both auxiliary and main propulsion engines to 6.0 g Sox / Kw-h or
less.
85. Difference between Major Non conformity & Non-conformity?
89. what is the difference between flame arrester and flame screen?
Flame Arrrester will not let the fire to come out from inside.
Flame Screen will not let the fire to come in from outside.
90. what is a sole plate?
How You will Identify in Fixed CO2 Installation System that Which Particular Bottel is
Leaking.
How We Will Drain The Water & Mud From Chain Locker.
What are the regulation regarding use of Low Expansion Foam system on deck?
The ratio of low expansion foam system used on deck should not have ratio more
than 1:12.
Master?s Accomodation
(b)
(c)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)
Intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp & all integral signals
that are required in an emergency.
:- 2.7 Bar
:- 2.5 bar
The throw at the top most deck should not be less 12 meter.
Number of adjacent strakes fitted at the end of the ship area called stealer
strake.
108. What all things are written in BDN( Bunker Delivery Note)?
a. Name of Barge/Port
b. Position of vessel.
c. Delivery date
d. IMO number
e. Gross tonnage of Vessel
f. Vessel name
g. Time of starting
h. Time of stopping
i. Product name & code
j. Viscosity at 50 Degree C
k. Density @ 15C
l. Water Content % V/V
m. Flash Point C
n. Sulphur Content % m/m
o. Pour Point C
p. Quantity taken @ 35C