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10 Axial Skeleton
10 Axial Skeleton
10 Axial Skeleton
2
3. Palatine (2 fused)
- Structures horizontal plate, perpendicular plate
4. Zygomatic (2)
- Structures temporal process, zygomatic arch
5. Lacrimal (2)
-Structures lacrimal fossa
6. Nasal (2 fused)
7. Vomer (1)
8. Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
C. Hyoid bone
- Structures body, greater and lesser horns
D. Ear ossicles malleus, incus, stapes
Activity 2: Palpate Skull Markings feel the areas of your skull listed on pg. 132.
Anterior view
Lateral view
Activity 3: Examining Spinal Curvatures observe the 3 types of abnormal spinal curvatures
in Figure 10.1 on pg. 133, and answer the questions. Compare and contrast with normal spinal
curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.
Activity 4: Examining Vertebral Structure observe an articulated vertebral column, as well
as a sacrum, coccyx and individual cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. Use the lab manual
to help you to label the following on the attached vertebra pictures.
- Typical vertebrae structures centrum (body), vertebral foramen, spinous process (1),
transverse processes (2), superior & inferior articular processes with facets, superior & inferior
notches, lamina, pedicle, vertebral arch, intervertebral foramina
- Key Cervical vertebrae structures: ________________________________________________
Atlas (C1) lacks a body, has transverse processes with foramina, and superior and inferior
articular facets, anterior arch and tubercle, lateral masses.
Axis (C2) has a body and an odontoid process (dens)
Vertebra prominens (C7) has the longest spinous process.
- Key Thoracic (T1-T12) vertebrae structures:
_______________________________________________
- Key Lumbar (L1-L5) vertebrae structures: _________________________________________
- Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae, articulates with ilium at auricular surfaces. Structures apex,
anterior and posterior sacral foramina, base, bosy, lateral and medial sacral crests, sacral canal,
ala, sacral promontory, superior articular processes, transverse ridges (lines)
- Coccyx 3-5 fused bones
- Intervertebral discs
Activity 5: Examining the structures of the rib cage label the following on the attached rib
cage pictures.
- Sternum structures manubrium, clavicular and jugular notches, sternal angle, body,
xiphisternal joint, xiphoid process
- Rib structures head, neck, tubercle, angle, body (shaft), costal cartilage on costal end, coastal
groove and margin
- Describe the following:
True ribs False ribs Floating ribs Activity 6 (supplement): Examine a Fetal Skull compare with the adult skull and locate the
fontanelles (SPAM = sphenoid, posterior, anterior, and mastoid), cranial bones (frontal, parietal,
occipital, temporal), and sutures (coronal, squamous, sagittal, and lamdoidal)
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Anatomy & Physiology 34A
Lab 10: Axial Skeleton Vertebra Models
Label the structures listed in the lab handout on the vertebra models below. You can find the
names of the numbered structures on the Penn State Anatomy website
(http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm), as well as the lab
manual, textbook, and our lecture modules. Note that these Penn State Anatomy skeleton
pictures may have more structures than I am requiring you to label.
Thoracic vertebra
Lumbar vertebra
Sacrum
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Anatomy & Physiology 34A
Lab 10: Axial Skeleton Rib Cage
Label the structures listed in the lab handout on the rib cage models below. You can find the
names of the numbered structures on the Penn State Anatomy website
(http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm), as well as the lab
manual, textbook, and our lecture modules. Note that these Penn State Anatomy skeleton
pictures have more structures than I am requiring you to label. You only need to label whats on
our handout. Have fun!
Sternum
Rib Cage (anterior view)
Rib