ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to Prof. Zaid Ansari with whose guidance. I was able to

complete this project without problem. We can strive hard to reach our
destination. But without map and planning it would be impossible to
reach. Prof. Zaid Ansari has given proper directions and planning ideas to
complete this project. Last but not the least credit also goes to the
management team of my college Theem of Engineering to provide good
infrastructure and great environment. I am also thankful to my dear
friends for help me to complete this project.

INTRODUCTION
The Geneva drive is also commonly called a Maltese cross mechanism.
The Geneva mechanism translates a continuous rotation into an
intermittent rotary motion. The rotating drive wheel has a pin that reaches
into a slot of the driven wheel. The drive wheel also has a raised circular
blocking disc that locks the driven wheel in position between steps. There
are three basic types of Geneva motion mechanisms namely external,
internal and spherical. The spherical Geneva mechanism is very rarely
used. In the simplest form, the driven wheel has four slots and hence for
each rotation of the drive wheel it advances by one step of 90. If the

driven wheel has n slots, it advances by 360/n per full rotation of the
drive wheel.

TYPES OF GENEVA MECHANISM -:

1. INTERNAL GENEVA DRIVE-:
In an internal Geneva drive the axis of the drive wheel of the internal
drive is supported on only one side (Fig. 4.5.4). The angle by which the
drive wheel has to rotate to effect one step rotation of the driven wheel is
always smaller than 180 in an external Geneva drive and is always
greater than 180 in an internal one. The external form is the more
common, as it can be built smaller and can withstand higher mechanical
stresses.

Internal Geneva mechanism

Because the driven wheel always under full control of the driver, impact
is

problem. It can be reduced by designing the pin in such a way that the pin
picks up the driven member as slowly as possible. Both the Geneva

mechanisms can be used for light and heavy duty applications. Generally,
they are used in assembly machines.
Intermittent linear motion from rotary motion can also be obtained using
Geneva mechanism. This type of movement is basically required in
packaging, assembly operations, stamping, embossing operations in

manufacturing automation.

APPLICATIONS-:
Geneva mechanism is commonly used indexing mechanism where an
intermittent motion is required.
The Inverse Geneva mechanism, which is a variation of the Geneva
mechanism, is used where the wheel has to rotate in the same Direction as
crank. It requires less radial space and the locking device can be a circular
segment attached to the crank that locks by wiping against a built up rim
on the periphery of the wheel.

The design and fabricating of a conventional Geneva mechanism is

generally simple and inexpensive because there is no specially curved
profile on any of the components except straight lines and circular arcs.
However, due to the discontinuity of the acceleration at the beginning and
ending positions, the shortcoming of using conventional Geneva
mechanism is the large impact when the driving crank engages and
disengages with the wheel slot.

USES OF GENEVA MECHANISM-:

Stepper
Mechanical watches
Plotters
CNC machine
Iron ring clock.

Modern film projectors may also use an electronically controlled

indexing mechanism or stepper motor, which allows for fast-forwarding
the film.
Geneva wheels having the form of the driven wheel were also used in
mechanical watches , but not in a drive, rather to limit the tension of the
spring, such that it would operate only in the range where its elastic force
is nearly linear.
Geneva drive include the pen change mechanism in plotters, automated
sampling devices
Indexing tables in assembly lines, tool changers for CNC machines, and
so on.

The Iron Ring Clock uses a Geneva mechanism to provide intermittent

motion to one of its rings.

ADVANTAGES-:
i. Geneva mechanism may be the simplest and least Expensive of all
intermittent motion mechanisms.
ii. They come in a wide variety of sizes, ranging from those used in
instruments, to those used in machine tools to index spindle carriers
weighing several tons.
iii. They have good motion curves characteristics compared to ratchets,
but exhibit more jerk or instantaneous change in acceleration, than
better cam systems
iv. Geneva maintains good control of its load at all Times, since it is
provided with locking ring surfaces.

DISADVANTAGES-:
i. The Geneva is not a versatile mechanism.
ii. The ratio of dwell period to motion is also established Once the no of
dwells per revolution has been selected.
iii. All Geneva acceleration curves start and end With finite ac-celeration
& deceleration.
iv. This means they produce jerk.