CHAPTER 6

LEARNING OUTCOME
Understand the concepts and
applications of registers and
shift registers.

SHIFT REGISTER
Introduction
Shift register consists of an arrangement of
flip-flops and are important in applications
involving the storage and transfer data in a
digital system, it is a type of sequential logic
circuit, mainly for storage of digital data
.
Most of the registers possess no
characteristic internal sequence of
states. All the flip-flops are driven by a
common clock, and all are set or reset
simultaneously.

LOGIC CIRCUIT SHIF REGISTER

Since shift register is a device that store data, flip-flop
that is suitable to be used is D flip-flop.
D flip-flop store one (0 or 1) depending on the input
data given.
Since one flip-flop can only store one bit data, to store
more than one bit need also more than one flip-flop.

LOGIC CIRCUIT
Input data

clk

Q1

Q0

Figure 4.2 : 2 bit shift register

Serial in/serial out (SISO)

Serial In/Parallel out (SIPO)
Parallel in/Serial Out (PISO)
Parallel In/Parallel Out (PIPO)

SISO
The serial in/serial out
shift register data
serially, that is one bit at
a time on a single bit. It
produces the stored
information on its
output also in serial
form.

SIPO
o

Data bits are entered serially (right most bit

first) into this type of register, that is one bit at a
time on a single line, the difference the way in
which the data bits are taken out of the register
in the parallel output register, the output of each
stage is available.
data bits are entered serially in the same manner
as discussed in the last section.

PISO
A four-bit parallel in - serial out shift register is
shown below
the mode control line is taken to LOW and the
data is clocked in. The data can be shifted when
the mode control line is HIGH as SHIFT is active
high.
The register performs right shift operation on the
application of a clock pulse,

PIPO

For parallel in - parallel out shift registers, all

data bits appear on the parallel outputs
immediately following the simultaneous entry of
the data bits.

TEST

YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Discuss in a group

Q. What is shift register

Q. What do you understand about shift register
Q. Name types of shift available and the transfer
method

Did You
Know???

THE SHIFT REGISTER COUNTER

Two of the most common types of shift register

counters are introduced here, The Ring counter
and the Johnson counter.
They are basically shift registers with the serial
outputs connected back to the serial inputs in
order to produce particular sequences.

RING COUNTERS
A ring counter is basically a circulating shift
register in which the output of the most
significant stage is fed back to the input of the
least significant stage.
. The output of each stage is shifted into the next
stage on the positive edge of a clock pulse.

JOHNSON COUNTERS
counter the complement of the output of the last
flip-flop is connected back to the D input of the
first flip-flop (it can be implemented with other
types of flip-flop as well).
The 4 bit sequence has a total of eight states or
patterns and that the 5 bit sequence has a total
of ten states. In general, a Johnson counter will
produce a modulus of 2n, where n is the number
of stages in the counter.
4 stage and 5 stage Johnson counter are shown in
figure below.

AN ARITHMETIC OPERATION

Shift left registers as Multiplier circuits

Serial out

Qa

Serial in

Qb

clk

Figure 4.10: shift left

Qc

Qd

AN ARITHMETIC OPERATION
original number
shift #1
shift #2

Binary
decimal
00010110
22
00101100
44
01011000
88

SHIFT RIGHT REGISTERS AS DIVIDER

CIRCUITS

Serial in

Serial out
D

Qa

Qb

clk

figure 411: right shift

Qc

Qd

SHIFT RIGHT REGISTERS AS DIVIDER

CIRCUITS
original number
shift #1
shift #2

binary
decimal
01011000
88
00101100
44
00010110 22

TEST

YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Discuss in a group

Q. Ring Counter and Johnson Counter

Q. What is the difference between these two??
Q. How many arithmetic operation can be
perform using shift register and whats is the
method.

Did You
Know???