sWR%sVNRP RaRP :

Bj G[sVLiT xmssLi[ sRVxqsV=sLRiNRPV soLiVLij. Bj sWszqsNRPLigS NSxqs

%sNRPzqsLis zqs. yLiR ygS s s NRPuy sRVL]LiW soLiLRiV. BRLRi
@FyRW, {mnsLig`i=s gRisVsLiRRLi sVVRV|msyLRiV.
y NRPLi|msds ysVVNRPV xqsLRiygS ARLigS soLiVLij. FsNRPVsgS g]Rs
RVNRPVLiy, ssVjgS soLiLRiV. NSs G sWRLi BLij NRPgjiLi[ xqssVxqsQ\ZNPy
RTFyLRiV. sVss[V\y %sxtsQRWs gRiVLjiLi FsNRPVsgS RLji}qs y AxqsNTP
NRPsLRiLRiV.
\|msgS zmsN`P sWLRiysNTP xmsRVQryLRiV. NRPuy, BLiRV RzmsLiRVN][ssNTP
xmsRVQryLRiV. FsxmsVRV ryRVLiRsVsoRVLiRs RWxqsW soLiLRiV. AV, FyV yLjiNTP
%s[ys NRPgjiryLiVV.
y {mnsLig`i=s @xmsVRV sWRs[V RVNRPV NRPsLRiVryLRiV. [ms LjiNSLRiLRiV, FnsV,
sVV, ][VsVV Li%s yLjiNTP A[Ry aRPNTPs, %s[ys NRPWy LiVVryLiVV. NSds,
|msR yLjiNRPLigS A[Li[ sRVxqsV NSRV.
@xmsVRxmsVRW |msRy[Li xmsoyL][ yNTP dRV, @LRiLiNSRV. @LixmsVRV
|msR y [ %sxqsVN][NRPVLiy A sRVxqsV[ y NRPLiR sV[V Fy. (C sRVxqsV[ s[s V
sW @sVsV c yRRV RgRiLRi soLi[yTs. FssLjiLiNRPLiVVy sLSgSs[, ""@NRPR y
@Lji [}qssoLS'' @s[j. sVLRiVxqs ryLji ssmx sVRV, sVLjiLiR NRPVRVLRiVgS NRPWLRiVs
soLi[yTs. @LiVVy, Ljig]yNRP sVd @[sW @s[j. yNTPxmsNUP AsV @FyRVLi
@LRiLiNS[RV. BxmsNUP C %sxtsQRV\sV AsVs A xmsxqsW soLisV)
zms %sxtsQRVLi[ |msRy NSxqs xmsV c %sRVxmsoV RWFy. sVLki RLigS
soLiRRLi s BRLjisVy RWLRiLi |msLRiVgRiVRVLij. sVs A[Rss y%dsVR LRiVRNRPVLiy,
y @FyRW NRPWy V=N][sRLi sVLij.
FsLiRVNRPLi[ @j V=N][sRLi s yZNP sRFy[ [VN][sRV. @xqsd
zms sVsxqsy* gRiVLjiLi sWyLi[, y[xmsaSQLiR NRPLi @s F~RV. y IZNP[
xmsaRPsV yryLRiV @TgSLRis %sxqsVNRPVs[ sVVLiRV, GLi qx ssVr~ @sryLRi
@RVgRiVRVyLS @s A[Liy. y xmsosj @LRiLiNSNRPF[ ssVjgS sVd @Tgji
V=N][y.
ryyLRiLigS G\s qx ssVr~smx sVRV zmsV G][ VsV sLiNRPgS |msVN][sRLi,
BRLRiV %dsVR sLiR[RVRLi, FssLji%dsV][ N][xmsLi RWzmsLiRRLi, [y {mnsLig`i=s yRVN][sRLi
Li%s [ryLRiV. @j sNRPLRiLigS soLiRsLiRsLRiNRPW xmnslLi[RV. NSds FsRVysV

R|ms[ soLij @sVNRPVLi[ sWRLi @j syLjiLiRysNTP xmsRVLiRRLi sVLij.

sWR%sVNRP RaRP[ T|msxtsQs @sj RVLiNRPLRi\sVs V.
Bj y, |msy, Ay, sVgS xms INRPLjiNUP LSsRV. sVVLigS xmszqszms[
RRLiRV xmssLRis ss sqx sVLij. NSds Bj |msRgS RVxmsRRV. @LiRVZNP[ RRLiRVV
RsV zmsNRPV T|msxtsQs soLij @s ss J xmss IxmsVN][LRiV.
T|msxtsQs sos zmsV %suyRLigS, jgRiVVgS, @xqsxsLigS soLiLRiV. y
sW[sW, [R[sW G%dsV xmsNRPFLiVVy, [gS NRPs|msVVRV. [Li[sV AxqsNTPgS
FysLRiV, [s%dsVR BxtsQLi soLiRRV.
C T|msxtsQs xmnsRLigS AL][gRiLi NRPWy RV. R xmsVV, NRPRVxmso
xmsVV, LiT, sR %dsVy Asqx sNTP Li%s LSsRV. @xqsLiRXzmsgS NRPsryLRiV. Gk %dsNRPV
|msR AsLiyss*RV. ]LiRLRigS LSNRPV mx sRyLRiV. ysVLiRVNRPV Rmx sRVRVyL][ yZNP[
RVRV.
BLiN][ %sR\sVs zmsV T|msxtsQsgSsosxmsVRV sVLjiLiRgS @Lji [ryLRiV.
FsRVysV lLiRg] N][xmsLi zmsLi aSLiR mx sRyLRiV. T|msxtsQss NRPslLi[ %sxtsQRVLi[
|msRyZNP[Li dzqsFLiVV, N][xmsLi, LSNRPV FsRVLRiVxmsRLiLi ryLiVW yV xmsNRPryLRiV.
RRLiRV sVR g]RsVsxmsVRV, BLi[ lLi[lgi[ @aSLis zmsV xmsNRP RRxmsRLi,
}qszRV][ FRLi, RRVso[ sVLiRgjiLiRRLi, @aRPWNRPVV xmsRLi, RRLiRVNRPV
RgRiLRiy*s xmsRVLiRRLi Li%s [ryLRiV.
sRVxqsV= |msLjilgi[N]k, yLRiV T|msxtsQs NRPslLi[ %syyV sWLRiVRW soLiLiVV.
T|msxtsQsNTP sVV NSLRiV G%sVLi[, 1. G][ aSLkiLRiNRP [xmsLi soLiRRLi. 2. }mssV N]LRiR
NSsRLi. 3. GLi ryj Liy sVRVN][V [NPR FsRLi. 4. ARVVsL][ RsFsRLi. 5.
RRLiRVV %sTFsRLi, [y xmsLiRVN][NRPFsRLi [y RsV ][VVso%dsVR FsNRPVs
}mssV RWxmsRLi, 6. dRLjiNRPLi. 7. N]R xms[aS[ BsVR[NRPFsRLi, 8. [RVs RxmsVNTP bPORPQ
@sV%sLiy= LSsRLi, 9. @sNRPy sVVLi }mssV %sxmnssVsLi!
T|msxtsQs=s @s[RVRLi s FsLi Li soLiRRV. kss %sxtsQRV[ |msR
BLiRVV VRVL][y= sxqsVLij. @LiRVZNP[ |msRy RsV zms sVsxqsV=[ Gk
yRVN][NRPVLiy sosRVsV }msLiRVNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiy. yLRiV RxmsRVRWLi[, JylLi[
RVV, ysV yZNP[ sjs[RW. kss BLi qx ssVxqs RsVLiR ysVV
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRVNRPVs[ zqsNTP ylLiRVgRiVyLRiV.
y[ N]R yxmsNRPsW, N]R A[, N]R dW, N]R xms[aRPLi sRsW Li
y[ RsVNRPV ysVV ssVgRisV[V RWy. kss y RsV RsV N]LiRsLRiNRPV

sVLjiFgRiLRiV. y[ G\y %sRVLi ryjLi[LiRVNRPV xqsxNRPLjiLiRRLi s sVsLi y

RsVLiT mx spLjigS %ssVVNRPV [RVgRiLi. FsLiRVNRPLi[ N]RgS ryjLis %sRVLi y[
AR%saS*rys, D[s NRPVgRi[xqsVLij. BLi[ J N]R sLiNRPLi [RVRLi, [y x[NTP
d|qsRLiLi s s xmss][ NRPWy y[s T|msxtsQss NSxqs RgjiLiRsRV.
zmsV xmsos %sxtsQRWs VVsLi %ssVLRi+W, dLRiVW [NRPVLiy qx sxsLigS,
rysVWgS %sy. yLjiNS \Li[ sVs xqsxNSLRiLi y @sxqsLRiLi. yLS sRVxqsV=[ RsV
qx ssVxqs ys[V mx sLjitx sQLjiLiRgRilgi[ zqsNTP [LRiVN][gRigji[ %sxtsQRV[ FsLiR NTPQxtsQxmsLjizqsRV\y
FsRVL][gRiLRiV. kLi[ |msRy FyR FsLi\y soLij.

sVWRs RaRP :
ks[ "@y|qss=' @s NRPWy @LiLRiV. C RaRP xmsyVlgi[ sVLiT
mx sLi]%sV[ sLRiNRPV soLiVLij. (N]LiRsVLij @LRi\s G sy FRV. @j s[lLi[
xqsLigRi) C sRVxqsV=[ IN]ryLji FsLiR RVLRiVgS soLiL][, @LiR sVLiRN]TgSsW
soLiLRiV. FsLiR s %sxtsQRWs\ZNPy FsLiR |msRgS sso*yL][, @LiR s RZNP[ |msRgS
GRssW gRiLRiV.
%ds sVsxqsR*Li FsxmsVRW %sxmsLkiRLigSs[ soLiVLij. IZNP[ ryLji AsLiRxmso bPLSNTP,
As[Rs @gSy[NTP mx sTFgRiLRiV. @LiRVZNP[ C RaRPsV "\Li Amns |qsqs @Li` ryL`i @Li`
g][`' @LiLRiV. sVVysNTP B][ qx sLiNTPQxtsQ RaRP. BdsLjiRWLji NSLi|msNRPV=V LSsysNTP,
ARsWsy ysNTP B][ xqsLRiLiVVs \Li. sWszqsNRPLigS y xqsVsR\sVs zqs[
soLiLRiV.
C sRVxqsV[ y gRiVLjiLixmsos N][LRiVNRPVLiLRiV.
@j ]LRiNRPF[ ARsWsy ys |msLiRVNRPVLiLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi C RLRiLi s[
sVLki %sxmsLkiR\sVs <ss yysLRiLi[ |msLRiVgRiV][Lij. |qsN`P=, sWs=, jgRiLjis \sNRP
%sVsV xmsFRVs yysLRiLi[ |msLRiVgRiVRVs y @WsVRVLi[
N]VNRPVFRVyLRiV.
ksNTP ][RV xmsLiRVN][s RRLiRVV, sVLi, RV s[lLi[ xqsy[s DFyyRVVV,
Rg`i=, sxqss NRPL`i, ygRiVRV, xmssWRNRPLRisVLiVVs |qsN`P= sVLi zms NSFyRVNRPVs[ RR
RRLiRVNRPV NRP%dsVR rysVVLij. C RLRiLi sVVLigS lLi[xms%dsVy, AaRPRW%dsVR
sLSxqsNRPR][ NRPXLigjiFRVyLRiV.
{qsRV RVVgRiLi, RVVyV, sWLRix[sWV, LiVV, NSVuyV, LSNUPRWV,
sLRiV][gSV Li qx ssVxqs RzmsLiRVN][sysNTP ORPQNSsLiyV sRVNRPVLiVyLRiV.

BNRPR gRisVsLiy=s sVV%sxtsQRVs[V%sVLi[ FsxmsV][ %sxtsQRV[ LS[[V qx ssVxqs

sVLi RzmsLiRVN][sysNTP LiVVxmsVRV qx ssVxqsV qx sXztsQLiRVNRPVLiVyLRis.
ksNTP ysV RxmsVxms[ RVV, sVsLi sVVRLi zqsxqssVs[ qx s%dsVOTPQLiy. ysVLij
LiVVLi[ xqsLRiLiVVs yysLRiLi soLiRRV. yVgRiV NSFyV RgS s[ |ms
y RNRPVs. Bj y[ T|msxtsQss NRPgjixqsVLij. @Li[NSRV, C RLRiLiyNTP RsV
mx spLki*NRPV |msR NRPxtsQxmsy=s mx ss[RV.
\sV RLRiT sTs RRVsoNRPVs[ @sxqsLRiLi [RV. @s RVLRiyW @LiRV[
soLiLiVV. sVs mx spLki*NRPVV @ NRPtx s QLi %dsVR ryj Lis ry*RLiRQLi %sVs dRV. sLSaS
sxqsQXx, sV Fs FsRVL][y[ dRV...... @LiRVZNP[ xms s %sxtsQRVsVW
qx ssVxqs NRPszmsxqsVLij. xmsysNTP Bs|qsLi yVV sRVNRPVyLRiV. Rg`i=Li yNTP
@yV xmsRyLRiV.
C s[ sRVxqsV sNTP, mx sLjimx spLRi sQQNTPy*sNTP J yLRijLij. gRiVLjiLixmsoN][xqsLi
FyNRPV BNRPRVLi[ sVVRsoRVLij. %sRLi[ "xmnsy' @sysNTP BNRPRVLi[ NRPXztsQ,
\QsLig`i sVVRsoRVLij. Bsds xqsLjigS Ljigji[ sVLi %sxtsQRV soLiVLij. NSds LiVV%s
qx sjLiRysNTP [}qs NRPXztsQ[s[ LRiNRPLRiNS qx ssVxqsRVLRisoyLiVV. s y sLRiRW
%sxtsQRVLi[ xqs*RLiRLigS xmssLjiLiys RWryLRiV. g]RsV sVVRsoyLiVV.
C RaRP[ C sWsWgRiV %dsVry RVVsNRPVV }qszRV][sW, RsV sRVxqsVyLji][sW
FsNRPVs qx ssVRVLi gRiRmx sysNTP BxtsQxmsRyLRiV. FsRVy qx sW, %ssVLRi+W %ssysNTP
BxtsQxmsRyLRiV. |qs|qsLiL`igS A[LiRRLi sVVRV|msRyLRiV. ssVRgRi }qszRV][
gSRLigS @VNRPVFyLRiV. RsV ss\lLiy xmsLiRVN][NRPFsRLi, gRiVLjiLiRNRPFsRLi,
sVRVN][NRPFsRLi Li%s yLjis RV|msRyLiVV.
RRLiRVV C sWLRiVsds xqsxs[Vss gRiVLjiL i y gRiRg S, RgRiV
%sRLigS xmssLjiLiy. [y yLRiV AR%saS*xqsLi, ARg_LRisLi [s @xqssVLRiVVgS
RRWLRi[V xmssWRLi soLij.
s[ sVVR[...... @Li[ mx sRsVW[ sVLi mx sRlLi[ NSLi sLRiNRPV T|msxtsQs NSxqs
s[LRiVgS soLiVLij. %ssVLRi+NRPV yLRiV dsLigS xqsLijryLRiV. Fss*Lji gRiVLjiLi ARVR
RWRLRiV, RxmsRLRiV. A[LiRRLi NRPLi[ y[RLiVVy [RVRLixms AxqsNTP RWxmsoyLRiV.
T|msxtsQss G][ %sRLigS RVNRPV NRPsxmsLSs xmsRVQryLRiV.
FsLiR %saSLi dxqsVNRPVy sLis[ @zqsFyLRiV. G %sxtsQRVLi[sW GNSgRiR
RWxms[NRPFsRLi, C ORPQV G sWyRV[ NRPsLiy, @j T|msxtsQsZNP[ xqsLiZNP[RLi.
[L`igS, lLiqsqsgS NRPsryLRiV. G\y sVLi yxmsNRPLi[ ysV [RVRLi s

T|msxtsQss ysLRiNRPV Fg]sRV.

FsLiRVNRPLi[ y sVsqx sVV y [R%s. Fsd, A yxmsNSV NRPWy yNRPV
[L`i N]NRPVLiy RWry. N]LiRsVLij ILiLjiRssVLi[ %sxmsLkiRLigS RVxmsRVRW
soLiLRiV. RsVN][qx sLi qx ssVRVLi, JLRiV sLi[ yLi[ sVVgRiV RWxmsoyLRiV. yLi[s[
y qx ssVRVLi sXy [zqs, RRVso, AV, @ORPQQLi [zqs FsW NSNRPVLiy FyLRiV.
sVLjiN]LiR sVLij mx spLji ILiLjiRys N][LRiVNRPVLiLRiV. ysVV [RVgRi G mx ss %dsV\y
FsNRPVsgS Dy=xLi, %s[V RWzms sVLi %sRWV ryjryLRiV.
N]LiRsVLij s[L`i= FsxmsVRW FssLji[ qx sRV qx sxNSLS N][xqsLi
FsRVLRiVRWxqsVLiLRiV. @%s ]LRiNRPsxmsVRV N][xmsLi, LSNRPV xmsRLji+LiRRLi, FyLjiFsRLi,
]LigjiLiRRLi Li %sxmsLkiR\sVs, xqsLixmnsV%s][x RLRiV [xqsVLiLRiV.
BLi%s [RVRLi s G][ ryjLiysVs {mnsLig`i B[ xqsLiRXzms][ %dsLRiV RsV
qx ssVxqs sVLjiFsysNTP xmsRVQryLRiV. ksNTP sVRVN][V }qs sVLjiLiRgS
lLiFyLRiV. FsxmsV][ INRPryLji |msR LiLRiV.
xmsRlLi[sVLiT, xmsLi]%sV[sLRiNRPV soLi[ zmsV RsV T|msxtsQss s[LRiVgS
xmsRLji+ryLRiV. Rg`i=NTP @yVxmsRRLi, |qsN`P= N][xqsLi FyNRPVRLi, ARxy xmsRVyV
[RVRLi, ILiLjiRsLi][ gRiRxmsRLi, @LiRLjiNUP RWLRiLigS sVxqsRLi Li%s [ryLRiV. G][
xmsxmsLiR sVLiy RsV %dsVR NRPORPQNRPsV, RsVsLRiLi [xqsVNRPVs[yLRiW, }ms%sVLi[yLRiW,
ARLjiLi[yLRiW FssLRiW [sV RsV%dsVR ys[V |msLiRVNRPVs, @j @RV|msVNRPVs BLi
RLRiNRPV xmspsVNRPVLiLRiV. C zqs[s[ @sR |qsN`P= sVLi LjiNRPgjixtsQs LSgSs[ @j }mssV
@s sLi][, INRP "sVR VLRi\ sVs' R [ xmsTFyLRiV. BRLiy ry*szqsR s[V. @LiVV[ C
}mssV[Li }msLRi F~Liy[ Rxms T|msqs @sNRPWRRV @s gRizLiy. (kss gRiVLjiLi
%ssLRiLigS "[Uqs xqs' @s ss[ yaSsV.)

@y|qsLi=s @LRiLi [xqsVN][sRLi :

Bj @sLi\ZNPy NRPxtsQ\sVs mx ss. C RaRP[ sos |qsqs, |qsLiVVs sVlLi[ RaRP[sW
@LiRgS NRPsLiRso. RVWssLji= NSLixmsqs[sW, x{ms[sW, zqs[zmnssRW V][
Rxms[y[sW Bj NRPsLiFRW soLiVLij.
xqsLixmnsVLi[s NRPVNRPV FsxmsVRW lLiRVqsgS F[y @y|qsLi[=
@RVVLiLRiV. yLji xtsQ, xmssLjis FsLiR [ygS DLiVLiRLi[ @xqsV y ZNP[j s[lLi[
xmsxmsLiRLis[sW @s[ ss sVsNRPV NRPVgRiVRVLij. RRLiRVV, y][ sVlgi[ BRLRi
|msRy, ysV xqsLjigS @LRiLi [xqsVN][[NRP RNTPLiRV\FRW soLiLRiV.

%dsLjiNTP, |msRyNTP sVRsos [ys[ "slLi[tx sQs gSms' @LiLRiV. slLi[tx sQs gSms
@sj FsLiRVNRPV sqx sVLi][ FsLi mx sLjizqsRV C @y|qsLi= FsRVL]LiL][
V=N][sRLi y @sxqsLRiLi. C @y|qsLi= FsRVL]s[ qx ssVxqs V=NRPVs[ sVVLiRV,
yLjiNS RaRP[ Gs[V%sV LRiVgRiVRW soLiVLi][ V=N][y.
@y|qsLi= @Li[ @RNTP sNTP sVR soLi[ RaRP. C RaRP
sVVR[VsVVLiRV, szms sVsxqsR*Li soLiVLij. @LiRsV[V xqsLjiNTP
|msRyLiVVFyLRiV. C RaRP[s[ @sVVQ\sVs aSLkiLRiNRP, sWszqsNRP sWLRiVV
NRPVgRiVyLiVV. Bsds NRPWy yLji FysV=NTP NSLRisoyLiVV.
|msR y, sVVLigS RRLiRVW, RLiR V yLji sVsqx s y*V A[R y %sysLi,
%dsLji @aSLiNTP ][LRiRyLiVV. |msRy %dsLji N][ ryLji szmsgSsW, sVL]N][ryLji
|msRy RyRVVRLigSsW xmssLjiLiys N][LRiVNRPVLiLRiV. Bj @y|qsLi=s
@WsVRVLi[ xms[xqsW soLiVLij. RsV szmsy][, |msRy][ A NRPVLSTNTP @LRiLiNSRV.
RVWsos }qsxXLiRLi NRPWy %dsLjis, %dsLji RRLiRVNTP sVR g]RsV
DRssVsysNTP ][LRiRyLRiV. ysVV sVLjiLiR xqs*RLiRLigS, }qs*RgS RNRPgRigSs
%dsLRiV N][LRiVNRPVLiLRiV. BLi[ yNRPLi[ }qszRV %dsVR FsNRPVs AxqsNTPs RWzmsryLRiV.
sVVLigS @F |qsN`P=Q\sxmso sVVgRiVyLRiV.
BLi[ NRPLi[ RV qx ssVRVLi gRiT}msRVysNTP FsNRPVs BxtsQxmsRyLRiV. Bj
RRLiRVNRPV ALi][s NRPgjixqsVLij. zmsyRV [LiVV y FRVyRs yLji R.
RVWsos qx ssVxqsW, ryLizmnsVNRP mx sLjizqs %dsLji FysV=NTP ][xRmx s[ sVL][ NSLRiLi.