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2016 Pqsse
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Sagavu Magazine
Owned, Printed &
Published by
K. Sivaraman
Kunnambath House
Krishnapuram, Green Park
P.O. Ollukkara,
Thrissur, Kerala - 680 655

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13

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Editor
K. Sivaraman

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sPnkv t^m Pn-j-bn \nv \oXn-jvT-amb hnI-k-\-n-tev

Editorial Board
P.J.James - Ph:94471 53507
M.K.Dasan
Salim Divakaran

21

23

Ak F.

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26

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s{_Ivknpw \h-en-_-d-en-khpw
Manager
Sagavu
Ambles,2nd Floor, Amulya Street
Banarjee Road, Kochi - 682018
Phone
: 09249816544
email
:
sakhavumonthly@gmail.com
cpimlkerala@gmail.com
website : www.cpiml.in

tXmakv sk_m-y

s{_Ivknpw P\-Iob tcmjhpw

31

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Cover & Layout : abraham mathew

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Printing :
Cherrys Printers,
LFC Road, Kaloor, Kochi-17

28

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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pnjh[-t-knse
FUn-F^vbpUn-F^v ka-hmbw
Pnj ]cm-Xn-I \In-bn-cp-p-sh-Xpw hkvXp-X-bmWv. Ipdp-w-]Sn t]meo-kn\pw s]cp-m-hq t]meokn\pw Pnj-sb- \nb-a-hn-Zymn A]-cn-Nn-X-bm-bncp-n-. 2004 apX sIm-s-Sp 2016 hsc Pnjbpw
Abpw 40e-[nIw ]cm-Xn-I \In-bnpw cmPyp
\ne-hn-ep {Inan-\ \nb-a-{]-Im-ctam ]n-I-PmXn /
]n-I-h AXn-{I-a-s-Xn-cmb \nb-a-{]-Im-ctam
Hcp tIkp-t]mepw cPn- sNbvXn-cp-n-s-Xv Zpcql-am-Wv. _mly-tI-{-n \nv t]meo-kn\v CXn\mbn IrXy-amb \nt-i
- \I-s-n-cp-p-shpw
Cm-cy-nepw AhnsS bpUn-F^v FUn-F^v
ka-hmbw Dm-bn-cp-p-shpw A\p-am-\n-mw. 2006
\pw 2011 \pan-S-bn FUn-F-^m-Wtm tIcfw `cnn-cp--Xv.
sXc-s-Spp Im-bn-\n t]meokv sXfnhp
\in-n--X-Sw Pnj-h-[s ]c-am-h[n apX-emn
A[n-Im-c-n-se-nb FUn-F^v sXfn-hp-I \inn--Xns t]cn sXfn-hp-I \in-n coXn-I
Hsm-mbn P\-fpw am[y-a-fpw ]pd-p-sIm-ph-p-I-gnp Hcp t]meo-kp-tZym-K--s\-tmepw
Adv sNbvXv \in-n sXfn-hp-I Is-mt\m
Bp-th-n-bmWv Ah \in-n--sXp Xncn--dnbmt\m Hcp {iahpw \S-n-bn-s-p- am-{X-a Ahsc-sbms kpc-n-X-ambn ]pXnb emh-W--fn-sen-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. {Inan-\ tIkp-I-fn sXfnhp-I \in-n--hsc I-Un-bn-se-Spp tNmZyw
sNbvXp sXfn-hp-I Isp-Ibpw Ahsc {]XnI-fm-p-Ibpw sNp-I-sb-Xv {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv . ]nW- d mbn km A[n- I m- c - n- t edn Hcp
amks A\p-`-h- ImWn-p-Xv Zfn-X-tcm-Sp
kao-]-\-ntem AhcpsS Pohn-X-ntem auen-amb
Hcp amhpw Cu `c-W-nepw kw`-hn-p-I-bn-sp
Xs-bm-Wv. he-Xp-Im-ense av CS-Xp-Im-en-em-bXp
am{Xw anw. At\z-jWw icn-bmb coXn-bn \SmsX Ctm-gs Xnc--Y-sb-gp-p-ambn t]mbnv
Hcp Imcy-hp-an-sv {]apJ A`n-`m-j-Icpw {Inan-t\mf-Pn-p-Ifpw Ipm-t\z-jW hnZ-Kv[cpw kmaq-ly-{]h-Icp-samw Ak-n-Kv[-ambn ]d-p-I-gn-p.
"Ducpw t]cp-an-mhcpsS lm-sep' ]dv
]mn t\XrXzw Imcy- t\cs hy-am-n-bncpXmWv. hnjbw cmjv{Sob \ne-]m-Sn-t-Xm-Wv. kwibn-t Pnj h[-t-knse ka-hm-b-n\p ]nn
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kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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kmkv I m- c nI hn- h - ns AXmw hmjnIw
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tkmjy-env ]mX-bn Xs \ne-\nm \S-nb
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Fm taJ-e-I-fnepw Dun-bp-d-np sImv Hcp Zim_vZ-m-e-tmfw ]mn-bvp-nepw ssk\y-nepw
`c-Wk
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ssN\-bnse h-am\ apX-em-fn `c-W-i-nI kmwkvIm-cnI hn-hs amthm-bpsS A_-am-bnpw AXns\ 1976se Zpc--am-bnpw hni-Zo-I-cn-tm Am-cmjv{S amy-a- AXns\ hnIr-Xh-cn-p-bmWv sNbvXX
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t\sc Ah {Iqc-amb B{I-a-W-amWv Agnp hnp
sImn-cn-p--Xv. AXn-\m kmkvIm-cnI hn-hns hn-h-e-y-sf Xncnp ]nSn-t-Xv IyqWnv hn-h-Im-cn-I-fpsS ZuXy-am-Wv. km-tZ-iob
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Iyq-Wnv hncp B{I-a-W--fn \nv ]nn-cn-nm kmkvIm-cnI hn-h-n\v Ign-bmsX t]mbXv
Fp sImv F Imcyhpw ]cn-tim-[n-t--Xp-v.
1956 \S kn]n-Fkvbphns Ccp-]Xmw ]mn
tIm{K-n {Iqjvthns t\Xr-Xz-n AXnt\m-SIw A[n-Im-c-n-te-dnb apX-em-fn ]mX-m
Fm amIv k nv se\n- \ nv \ne- ] m- S p- I pw
FXnsc Xpd-m-{I-aWw \S-n. kam-[m-\-]-c-amb
ak-c-n\pw kam-[m-\-]-c-amb kl-hn-n\pw thn Ah Blzm\w sNbvXp. apX-em-fn
]p\- m- ] - \ - n\v Bw Iqp- - X n\v thn
mens\ ]qPn-p--Xn-s\-Xnsc Ah i-ambn
hnain-pp F-Xns t]cn km-tZ-iob
Iyq-Wnv ]mnsb hnain-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h-

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ac-\q-mv ]nn-Sp-tm
k-acns ]mX Dt]-n-m Ah \nt-in-p.
AXn\v ]Icw h kl-Ic
- W
-
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FXnp.
km-tZ-iob Iyq-Wnv {]m\w in-sSp-m\pw tkmhn-bv dnhn-j-Wn-p-Is-Xnsc \nebp-d-n-m\pw Xocp-an-\n--Xn\v ]pdta amthm Dm-Z\-a in-IfpsS hm--fmbn amdnb ]mn-pnse he-Xp] in-Is-Xnsc i-ambn
t]mcm-Sm D Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p. ssN\ hn-h-neqsS P\Iob P\m-[n-]Xy hn-hns km{am-PyXz
hncp-hpw ^yqUhn-cp-h
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Dmb Ccw \ne-]m-Sp-Iv ]mn t\Xr-Xz-nep `qcn-]--n-sbpw ]npW e`n-bvp-I-bpmbn. 1956 \S kn]n-kn-bpsS Fmw tIm{Knepw kn]n-Fkvbphns 20-mw ]mn tIm{Knepw Cmcyw shfn-hm-s
- -n-cpp. hn-hs apdpsI- n- S n- p- I , Dm- Z - \ s aptmp sImp
t]mIpI F amthmbpsS Blzm-\s Ah
FXnp. Dm-Z\ in-Isf hnI-kn-n-p-tm
h ka-cs apJy-I-n-bmbn FSpp sImv
Dm-Z-\-_---fn-ep-m-Ip am-v apKW\ sImSp- - W - s a \ne- ] mSn- s \bpw Ah
FXnp.
Dm-Z\ in-Im-bp {]Nm-cWw ssN\bn apX-em-fn--]m-X-m ]c-ky-ambn aptmp
sImp-t]m-b-tm amthm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep-mbn- c p hn`mKw AXns\ FXnp. almb
IpXnp Nmw, al- mb kwhmZw Fn- h bv v
tijw P\-Iob Iyq-Wp-Ifpw XpSv kmkvIm-cnI
hn-hhpw sXmgn-em-fn-h km-[n-]X
- y-n Iogn
XpS-cp h ka-c--fpsS XpS-bmbn Ah-X-cn-n-s-Xv CXns ^e-am-bn-m-Wv. Iyq-Wnv hnh
Znim-t_m-[-tmSp IqSn tkmjy-env \nmWw \S-

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2016 Pqsse

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p-Is
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- v. apXem-fn ]mX-ms-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm-
- f
- psS `mKambn _Z hnI-k\ amXr-Ibpw amthm t\XrXzw
aptmp shp. ]p apJy _- F cN-\bn Atlw AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v.
Fmw ]mn tIm{Kv \S-p thf-bn
Dmn kacns XpS-bmbn cmjv{So-bs
ap \nn Dm-Z-\s aptmp sImp t]mbnsmp thWw tkmjy-env ]cn-h\w kmyam-t-Xv Fv amthm Blzm\w sNbvXp. ]q
Idp-X
- m-bmepw shfp-X
- m-bmepw Fensb ]nSn-m
aXn-sb Dm-Z-\-i-n-I-fpsS knm--amWv enbp
jmthm-Nnbpw sUpw Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. tkmhn-bv
dnhn-j-Wn-p-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-n\v hi-s-mWv Cc-n-ep \ne-]m-Sp-I Ah aptmp sh-Xv.
Fmw ]mn tIm{K-ns\ XpSv in-{]m-]n
apX-em-fn ]mX-m-cp-am-bn-p t]mcmw in-sSp-Ibpw CXns `mK-ambn Dmn kacw ins-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXXv hn-h in-I A`n-ap-Jo-Icn Ghpw Kpcp-X-c-amb shp-hn-fn-I Bbn-cp-p.
C- c - n kn]n- k n- b n apX- e m- f n- - ] m- X ms-Xnsc hnh in-I t]mcmw XpS-cp-Xn-\n-S-bn-emWv tkmhn-bv km ssN\bvp
[\- k - l m- b hpw sSIv \ o- j y- m- s cbpw ssN\- b n
\nnp sImn-cp ]-Xn-I-fpsS q{]np-Ifpw
\nn ssN\okv km-cn kw XpS-Xv.

apX-em-fn ]mX-msc {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn

t\cnp sImpw hntZi klm-b- Hgn-hm-nsmv P\--fpsS apssI D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-nsmpw amthm CXn\v Xncn-Sn \In. CXn-t\msSmw hn-h-I-c-amb coXn-bn `q]-cn-jvI-cWw \Sm-n. ImjnI taJ-e-I-fn kl-I-c-W-h-c-Wn\pw kwbp kw`-c-W-n\pw thn P\-Iob
A[n-Im-c-tI-{--fpsS {`qW-ambn amm Dt-in-s P\- I ob Iyq- W p- I m]np sImv
Ahbvv thKX hn-n-p. ]p apJy _-
F Xs cN-\-bn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse
kIe aWvU-e--fnepw tkmjy-env ]cn-h\w
\S-m thn-bp {ia- Atlw Agnp hnp.
Am-cm-jv{S-X-e-n km{am-PyXz in-I apX
]mn-p-nse apX-em-fn ]mX-m hsc-bp
hn`m-K--fpsS FXnns\ t\cnp sImn-cn--bmWv
Atlw CXv sNbvX-Xv.
sXmgn-em-fn-h km-[n-]-Xy-n Iogn-ep
h ka-c-ns XpS-bmbn \S-nb hn-h-I-camb aptw apX-em-fn ]mX-m-cnse ]e apJytcbpw Xqs-dn-bp--Xn-tev Imcy--sf-n-p.
CXns `mK-ambn enbp-jm-thm-Nn, sUv knbmthm
]nv Fn-hsc kIe m\--fnepw \nv ]pdmn. kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-ns BZy \mfp-Ifn P\- kmkvIm-cn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb taJe-I-fn {]th-in-p-Ibpw Agna-Xn-m-cmb cmjv{Sob

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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t\Xm--sfbpw ]c-ky-ambn hnNm-c-Wbvv hnt[-b-amn. ]mcokv Iyq-Wns ]mT-sf Dsm-m-\p

al-c
- a
- mb \o-am-bn-cpp AXv. apX-em-fn inI-sfbpw Ah-cpsS Pon Nn-I-sfbpw Ncn-{Xns Nh-p-sIm--I-fn-tev Fs-t-bvp-ambn
hen-s-dn-bm ]nb kml-N-cy-am-Wp-m-bn-p-sXpff {]XoXn CXp aqew P\y-am-bn.
Fm kmwkvIm-cnI hn-hI
- m-es ]nme
kw`-h- Nqn-m-n-bXp t]mse en_n-bm-thmbpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep CSXp kmlknI in-I
{]map- J y- n- t ev hp. Dm- Z \ _- sf
XpS-bmbn hn-h-I-c-amb coXn-bn amn-smv
Dm-Z-\s aptmp sImp t]mIp-Ibpw A[nImcw P\--fn-tev Fn-p-Ibpw sNpI F
eys ASn-m-\-s-Spn {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw
cmjv{So-bhpw Iebpw kmln-Xyhpw XXzim-kv{Xhpw
aX--hwi Bi-b--fp-sams Dsm-p D]-cnL-S-\bpw ]g Bi-b-fpw ]cn-hn-n--stS- - X ns Bibw a\- n- e m- nb P\- - f psS
Dbns-gp-tmWv amthm kmwkvIm-cnI hn-hn-eqsS ey-an--Xv. Fm amthm-bpsS Bi-b {]N-cn-n-m- en]n-bm-thmbpw Iqcpw Xmdm-bn-. Cu {]h-W-X-bpsS ^e-am-bn-mWv. 1965
{]kn-o-I-cn--s en]n-bm-thm-bpsS P\-Iobbp
hnPbw \oWm hmgs F cN-\-bn amthm-bpsS
]mT-v hncp-a
- m-b ]cm-aifm-Wp-Xv. ssN\bpsS ZoL-Ime P\-Iob-bp ]mX km-tZ-iob
Xe-n ap Iyq-Wnv ]mn-Ifpw X-fpsS cmPy-fn cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw ]nSnp ]m-\p X{-ambn
IWm--W-sav AXn A`n-{]m-b-s-n-cn-p-p.
1969 \S kn]n-kn-bpsS HXmw ]mn tIm{Kn km{am-Py-Xz-ns km-{Xn-I-amb XIbpw
tkmjy-en-k-n BtKmf hnP-bhpw F Bibw
tass t\Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
he-Xv, CSXv kml-kn-IX
- I
- Htc \mW-b
- ns
Ccp-h-i--fm-sW se\ns ]mTw {]mtbm-KnI Xen sXfn-bn--s-Sp kw`-h-am-bn-cpp AXv.
AXns ^e-ambn apX-em-fn ]mX-ms-Xn-scbp t]mcmw IqSp-X in-s-Sm-sX-bm-bn. AXn\m CSXv kml-kn-I-hm-Zn-I Xqs-dn-b-sp Igntm ay-\n-e-]m-Sp-Imv Ffp--n A[n-Imc-n hcm\pw amthm-bpsS ac-W-n\v tijw apXem-fn ]mX-mv kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw A[nImcw ]nSn-s-Sp-m\pw kmy-am-n-op. Fns\-bmWv CXv km[y-am-Ip-Xv? GsX-nepw KqVmtem-N\m knmw sImv Hcn- IqSn hni-Zo-Icn-pI _pn-ap-m-Wv. tkmjy-env sse \S-mm {ia- \S-p-tmgqw kmkvIm-cnI hnhw
Bcw-`n t\cpw tkmhn-bv bqWn-b-\n tkmjyenv \nmWthf-bn Dmb AXn-`u-Xn-I-amb
A_--sXnsc hnai-\- Dbp-tmgpw
cmPys ssk\yw in-{]m-]n-p-Ibpw `c-W-IqS
LS\ IqSp-X in-{]m-]n-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-Wpm-bn-p--Xv.

aqp XhW sUv knbm-thm-]n-ns\ A[nIm-c-n \nv Xqs-dn-p. Fnpw Atlw

AsXmw Xncnp ]nSn-p-Ibpw HSp-hn A[n-Im-cn hcn-Ibpw apX-em-fn ]mX \S-m-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. CXn\v ImcWw ssk\y-nepw ]mn-bnepw
_yqtdm-{I-kn-bn-ep-ap apX-em-fn ]mX-msc ]msS
Cm-Xm-m Ign-bmsX t]mbn F-Xm-Wv. CXv
Nqn- m- W n- p- Xv P\- I ob Iyq- W p- I fpw
kmwkvIm-cn-I-hn--hhpw Hs Dm-sb-nepw ssN\bn apX-em-fn ]mX-m i-ambn \ne-sImp
F-Xm-Wv. kn]nkn C{X-tmfw ]cn-{i-an-npw AhcpsS hf XS-bm Ign-n. AXn-\m ssN\bn \S apX-em-fn ]p\-m-]\
- ntev \bn
{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-chpw cmjv{So-bhpw kwL-S-\m-]-c-hpamb Imc-W- Ip ]nSn-m Kuc-h-I-c-amb
At\z-jW \S-t--Xp-v.
sUv knbm-thm-]nv At-l-ns dnhn-jWnv aqp temI knm--hp-ambn ssN\-bn A[nIm-c-n hcp-Xp hsc Iyq-Wnv hn-h-Im-cn-I
ssN\okv ]mX Imcy-amb hnai-\
- n-s\mpw hnt[b-am-msX Dbn-n-Sn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp sNbvXp
sImn-cp--Xv. DZm-l-c-W-n\v tkmhn-bv t\Xr-Xztm-sSmw kn]nknbpw ssN\okv kmcpw tNcntNcm {]m\w Dbn-m-p--Xn hln ]v,
s\{lp, \mk XpS-n-b-h-cpsS km{am-PyXz hncp
\ne- ] m- S p- I sf Ipdn- p kv X pXn- I XpS- nbhsbms ImWnp Xcp-Xv ssN\okv t\Xr-Xzw
tkmhn-bv t\Xr-Xzns ]cn-jvI-c-W-hmZ \ne-]mSp-IfpsS kzm[o-\-n\v htXm-Xn hgn-s-n-cpp
F-Xm-Wv. AXp t]mse Xs cmw temI-bp-m\-c L-n Ata-cn- km{am-PyXzw aptmp
sh ]p sImtfm-Wn-b \b-sf Xncn-d
- n-bm
tkmhn-bv t\Xr-Xzs t]mse Xs ssN\okv
t\Xr-Xz-n\pw Ign-n-. tkmhn-bv dnhn-j-Wnv
\ne-]m-Sp-Iv FXnsc al-mb kwhmZw Bcw-`n-Xn\v tijw am{X-amWv Cm-cy-n kn]n-knbvv
hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp ImgvN-mSv Dm-b-Xv. Fnepw
Ccw A`n-{]mb `n-X-I Dbp hcp-tm
t]mepw Ccw sXp-Ip Imc-W-sf hniI-e\w sNm Ah Xm-dm-bn-.
cmw temI-bp-m-\-c L-n km{am-PyXz
Iymns X{hpw AS-hp-Ifpw amdp-Ib
- p-mbn F
Imcyw {in-m tkmhn-bv bqWn-bs\ t]mse
ssN\bvpw Ign-n FXv Ffpw a\-n-emm-hp--Xm-Wv. 1963se ]p sImtfm-Wn-b-en-kns amp kmn-I F cN-\-bn cmw
temI-bp-m-\--c-ap km{am-PyXzns sImtfmWn-be
- n-k
- n\v ]I-ca
- mb ]p sImtfm-Wn-be
- nkw
IqSp-X hn\m-i-I-chpw lo\-hp-am-sWv A`n-{]m-bs-n-cp-p. Fm ]pXnb L-n-ep km{am-PyXzs Ipdnv Bg-n IqSp-X ]T-\- \Sm ]noSv Hcp {iahpw Dm-bn-. adnv en]nbmthm-bpsS ]pkvXI cN-\-bpsS Imew apX HXmw
]mn tIm{K- ns Imew hsc- b p ka- b w

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2016 Pqsse

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sImv kn]nkn Fn- t Xv km{am- P yXzw

kq XIsb t\cn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p-shpw
tkmjy-enkw temI-sa-mSpw hnPbw ssIh-cn-m
t]mIp-I-bm-sW-p-ap- sXmb \ne-]m-Snte-m-bncp-p.
1963 Ah-X-cn-n--s A Proposal Concerning
the General Line of the ICM F tcJ-bn hnhw
Ign-p L--fnepw hnhn[ hnh hn`m-K--fpsS
Xm-cy--Xo-X-ambn hkacw Hcp hkvXp\njvT \nbaw F \nebvv XpSpsImn-cn-W-sa se\ns A`n-{]mbw Nqn-m-n-bn-p-v.
se\n C{]-Imcw FgpXn : 1. Xqs-dn-b-s NqjI-hw X-fpsS ssItamiw hp t]mb ]dp-Zok
Xncnp ]nSn-m Bbn-c-smp hgn-I Xnc-bpI
Xs sNpw. 2. s]n-_qjzm A-co--n apXem-fnns ]pXnb Awi- \nc-c
- a
- mbpw kXzc-ambpw krjvSn--s-Sp-p. 3. _qjzm kzm[o-\hpw
s]n-_qjzm-kn-bpsS hym]-I-amb Agn-aXn kml-Ncyhpw sImv sXmgn- e m- f n- h - n- \ n- S - b nepw
DtZym hr-n-\n-S-bnepw cmjv{Sob Po-X-bpsSbpw ]p _qjzm Awi--fp-sSbpw DZ-b-n\v
hgn-bp-m-Imw. 4. tkmjy-env cmPy-n-\-Iv h
kacw XpScp- X ns\ _m[n- p LS- I -
cmPys Npn \np km-tZ-iob apX-emfnhpw kmbp[ CS-s]-S-ep-I \S-p-sa km{amPyXz `oj-Wnbpw kam-[m-\]
- c
- a
- mb ]cn-h\n\v
thn-bp hn[zw-kI {]h-\--fp-am-Wv.
apX-em-fn ]mX-ms-Xnsc ISp t]mcm-amWv amthm \S-n-bX
- v. apX-em-fn-]
- m-X
- msc t\cnSp-X
- n-\mbncpp kmwkvIm-cnI hnhw Bcw-`n-X
- pw.
Cu {]{In-b-bpsS ^e-ambn Nne-sc-sbms ]pd-mp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fm Bg-n-ep {]Xy-b-imkv{X--cm-jv{Sob t]mcm--n-tev Cu {]tm-`-
Fn-tn-. Npcp-nb ]w Acw ]T-\-
km-tZ-iob Iyq-Wnv {]m-\
- n\v apn e`yam-bn-cp-n-. Ccw \nm-b-I-L--n km-tZiob Xe-n amIvknv se\n-\nv in-Isf

AWn-\n-c-m-\p {ia--sfmpw Xs Dm-bn-cpn-. apX-em-fn--]m-X-m-cn \nv Fm Xc-nep-ap A[n-Im-c- Xncnp ]nSn-p--Xn\v thn
P\-sf Blzm\w sNp Xc-n-ep Xncp-
\S-]-Sn-I-fn-tev CXv t]mbn-.
tkmhn-bv bqWn-b hogvN hcp-nb Imcy-fn ASn- m- \ - ] - c - a mbn Xncp- hcp- m
kn]nkn ]cm-P-b-s-p FXv apJy hnj-b-am-Wv.
sXmgn-emfn h P\m-[n-]Xyw hnI-kn-n-pXpambn
_-s-m-W-Xv. P\-fpw i{Xp-hn-`m-K-fpw Xnep sshcpyhpw P\ hn`m-K-n-S-bn-ep
sshcp-y-fpw thXn-cnp ImW-W-sapw cm-atXv i{Xp-X-bn-m coXn-bn ssIImcyw sNW-sapw amthm Xs ]p apJy_- F
cN-\-bn ]d-bp-p-v. tkmhn-bv bqWn-b-\n Cu
cp sshcp- y- - s fbpw i{Xp- X m- ] - c - a m- b n- mWv
ssIImcyw sNbvX- s Xpw Ch thXn- c np
ssIImcyw sNbvXn-spw D-Xm-bn-cpp tkmhnbv bqWn-b-\n D]mn kacw ssIImcyw sNbvXXn ]nb sXspw amthm Nqn-m-n. Fm
e`y-amb tcJ-I shp t\mp-tm Dmn kac- fpw P\- n- S - b n- e p sshcp- y- fpw
ssIImcyw sNm-\p coXn-I hnI-kn-n--s-n. Fm Xpd-I-fnepw cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw In-se-Spm-hp Xc-n-tev P\-sf AWn-\n-c-p
P\m-[n-]Xy \S-]Sn hnI-kn-n-pI hgn am{Xta apXem-fn ]mX-m-tcmSp t]mcm-Sm\pw Ahsc ]cm-Pb-s-Sp-m\pw km[n-p-I-bp-q.
kmam-Pn-Iv ]pdta FIvkn-Iyq-o-hn-s\bpw P\v Xncnp hnfn-m-hp Xc-n-em-bn-cpp
]mcokv Iyq-Wn sXc-s-Sp--sXvv CXns\
hni-I-e\w sNth amIvkv A`n-{]m-b-s-p. \nehn-ep ssk\y-sbpw t]meo-kn-s\bpw ]ncnp hnv
Ahv ]Icw P\-Iob ssk\ys hn\y-kn--Wsav Atlw \nt-in-p. ]t heXp hyXn-bm\w
aqew BZyw Cm-cy-n XS- krjvSn-sp. ]noSv AXv CSXv hyXn-bm-\-fmbn amdn. HSp-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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hn he-Xp-]w ta[m-hnw t\Sp-Ibpw CXv P\m[n-]-Xy-ns Da amXr-I-Isf ]co-np t\mp-Xn XSw krjvSn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
tkmhn-bv bqWn-b\pw \nc-h[n tkmjy-env
cmjv{S-fpw apX-em-fn ]p\x-m-]-\-n-s\-Xnsc
Hcp {]Xn-tcm-[hpw krjvSn-msX A[x--Xn- k`n P\-Iob A[n-Imcw \ne-\n-n-cp ssN\-bnse
P\m-[n-]Xy ]cn-jvI-c-W- am{X-am-bn-cpp GI
kmyX Ah-ti-jn-n-cp--Xv. Fm BZys
Bth- i - n\v tijw km- t Z- i ob sXmgn- e m- f nhs m]n- m- \ p \o- aptmp
t]mbn-. Hcp Poh--c-W-tm-cm--n-\mbn temI-sm-Sp-ap amIvknv se\n-\n-p-Isf sFIy-s-Spp-Ibpw ]mn-bvp-f-fn-ep apX-em-fn ]mXms-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm-hpw km-tZ-iob Xen Ata-cn--bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep km{am-PyXz
in-I-fp-am-bp t]mcm--hp-ambn In tNm
Ign-n-.
amIvkv FgpXn: apX-em-fn-
- n \nv tkmjyen-k-n-te-p Ime-L--n-\n-S-bn-emWv hn-h-Ic-amb ]cn-h\w \S-t--Xv. CXn-\-\p-_--ambn
cmjv{So-b-ambpw ]cn-h\w \S-t--Xp-v. AXv
sXmgn-em-fn-h-ns km-[n-]-Xy-n-te-p
am-am-sW--Xn kwi-b-an-. amIvkns Imew
apX, ]mcokv Iyq-Wns Imew apX sXmgn-emfn-h km-[n-]-Xy-sa-Xv bYm sXmgn-em-fnh P\m-[n-]X
- y-ambn ]cn-hn-n-m-\p {ia-
Iyq-Wnv hn-h-Im-cn-I \S-p-p-m-bn-cp-p.
_qjzm P\m-[n-]X
- y-sa-Xv hmkvXh
-
- n D-Sw
sImv _qjzm-kn-bpsS km-[n-]Xyw Xs-bmWv.
CXn- s AXnn- I sf t`Znp sImp thWw
sXmgn-em-fn-h P\m-[n-]Xyw \S-m-m. Ghpw
hnI-kn-X-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap apX-em-fn cmPy-fn t]mepw \yq\-]w `qcn-]-s `cn-p-I-bmWv. temI-s-mSpw Cv hym]-cnp Ign-n-cnp At- b w Dul- k z- ` m- h - t mSp IqSnb
Duz izmkw hen-p kzImcy kzns\ kwcn-p hyh-nXn BW-Xv.
amIvkv hni-Zo-I-cn-Xp t]mse sXmgn-em-fn-h
P\m-[n-]-Xy-ns Ghpw \ DZm-l-cWw ]mcokv
Iyq Bbn-cp-p. sdUn-sabvUv Bb Hcp `c-Wkw-hn-[m\w sImv sXmgn-em-fn-h-n\v `cWw
kmy-a-sv amIvkpw GwKkpw Nqn-m-n.
Ah ]cm-ain-Xp t]mse `qcn-]w Iyq
AwK-fpw sXmgn-se-Sp-p--htcm sXmgn-em-fn-h
{]Xn-\n-[n-Itfm Bbn-cp-p. t]meokv Iyq-Wp-Iv
thn \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw Ftm thW-sa-n P\v Xncnp hnfn-m-hp-h
- c
- p-am-bn-cp-p. ap DtZymK-cpw C-c-n-ep--h-cm-bn-cp-p. Iyq AwK apX Xmg-tv s]mXp tkh-IIv hscbp-h
- v sXmgn-em-fn-If
- psS Iqen-bm-bn-cpp \Inbn-cp--Xv. `c-WIqS-nse D-X-m A\p-`-hn-p
kuI-cy--fpw B\p-Iq-ey--fpsams \n-em-n.
apIme km-cp-I-fpsS a-t\m-]m-[n-I-fmb ]m-

f-sbpw t]meo-kn-s\bpw ]ncnp hn-Xn-t\m-sSmw

]ptcm-ln-X-m \S-n-bn-cp Bob ASn--aep-Ifpw Cm-Xm-n. AXp-t]mse PpUo-jy-dnbvv
Ah-cpsS AXnkzm-X{yw \jvS-s-p. Ahcpw sXcs-Sp--s-Sp--hcpw Xncnp hnfn-m-hp--hcpw
D-c-hm-Zn--ap--h-cp-ambn amdn. P\-sf ASn-am thn aqp sIm-tbvpw Bdp sImtbvpw A[n-Imcw sImSp-p--Xn\v ]Icw IyqWp-Isf tkhn-p--Xn\v thn km-{XnI thmh-Imiw P\-v \In-bn-cn--bm-Wv. sXmgn-em-fnI-sfbw t^mam-s\bpw Au-n-s\bpw sXcs-Sp-m Hcp sXmgn-ep-Sa
- bvv hyn-]c
- a
- mb AhImiw \Ip--Xn\v ]Icw BWn-Xv.
amIvkv ]Tn-np Xn-cp ]mT- Kuc-h-I-cambn {]tbm-Kn-m {ian-p-h
- v sXmgn-em-fn-h
P\m-[n-]X
- ys Ipdnv a\-n-em-m _pn-ap-p-mhn-. ]nm-ev se\n CXns\ Ipdnv Imcy-ambn
]Tn-p-Ibpw tkmhn-b-p-I-fpsS Imcy-n CXv
{]tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. P\-fpsS cmjv{Sob
tI{--fmbn tkmhn-b-p-I amdn-o-cp--Xn\v Dtin--s-n-cp-p. Cu \ne-]m-Sns\ ASn-m-\-amn
Fm A[n- I m- c - fpw tkmhn- b - p- I v Fv
se\n {]Jym-]n-p. sXmgn-em-fn-h P\m-[n-]Xyw
kIe taJ-e-I-fnepw {]tbm-Kn-m Atlw \nch[n ]co--W- \Sn t\mn. Dmn P\m[n-]Xyw ]q-ambpw hnI-kn-m-\p kzmX{yw
\I-s-p. ]mn-bpsS {]Xy-b-im-kv{X--cm-jv{Sob
sse C-c-n am{Xta hnI-kn-n-m\pw apgp-h\mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m\pw Ignbq Fv Atlw
hnen-bn-cp-n. tkmhn-b-p-I-fpsS {]h\w hnI-knnp sImv ]mn-p-nse P\m-[n-]-Xym--cow
sa-s-Sp-p-Ibpw AXv P\-n-S-bnepw ]mn
AwK-n-S-bnepw `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\--fnepw \ne\np-Ibpw sNbvXp.
se\ns Ime-L--n sXmgn-em-fn-h P\m[n-]Xyw {]tbm-Kn-m-\p hnim-ea
- mb ]co-W
-
-
\apv ImWm Ign-bpw. At-ls kw_-n-n-Stmfw temI hn-h-ns ASn-m\ taJe am{Xam-bn-cpp tkmhn-bv bqWn-b. At-l-ns
amIvkn-ks ASn-m-\-s-Sp-n-bn-p ]T-\fpw {]tbm-K-fpw shfn-s-Sp-p-Xv tkmhn-bv
bqWn- b s\ F{]- I m- c - s a- nepw \ne- \ n- W - s apX adnv temI-hn--h-n\v thn ]mcokv
Iyq-Wns amXr-I-bn P\m-[n-]Xy ]co--W-
\S-m-\p thZn-bmbn tkmhn-bv bqWn-b amdpIbpw A-c-n temI-hn--h-ns ASn-m-\{]-tZ-i-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNp-I-bmWv thXv F
ey-am-bn-cpp F-Xm-bn-cp-p.. Hcp cmPyv am{Xambn tkmjy-enkw \ne-\npI FXv Hcp ]coWw am{X-am-bn-cp-p-shpw AXv ap cmPy-fn sXmgn-em-fn-hw A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-tm
Dm-tI amXrI krjvSn-m-\m-bn-cp-spw Cc-n temI-hn--h-ns ASn-m-\- taJ-e-bmbn
hn-p-I-bmWv tkmhn-bv bqWnb sNp-sXpw Bbn-cpp se\ns \ne-]m-Sv.

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2016 Pqsse

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Fm se\n\v tijap Ime-L-

- f
- n Cc-n-ep apK-W-\-I Cm-Xm--s-Sm XpS-n.
]nm-ev tkmhn-bv bqWn-b\
- n GXp-hn-t[-\bpw
Dm-Z\w hn-n-pI F eyw tass
t\Sp-Ibpw ta-d ]co-W
-
- AXn\v tImw
Xn-bmtem Fv `b-sv amn shbv-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. CXns XpS-bmbn tkmhn-b--I-fpsS ]v
Npcp-n. sXmgn-em-fn-h P\m-[n-]-Xy-n Iogn
P\m-[n-]Xy CSw hnI-kn-n-m-\p ]co--W-,
Dmn ka-c-p CSw, kaq-l-n-em-I-am\w
Dm-th P\m-[n-]Xyw Fn-h-sbmw Npcp--sp. Dmn kacw As-n ]mn-p-n \Sp cp sse kacw FXv kaq-l-n h
kacw \S- p- - X ns {]Xn- ^ - e - \ - a m- W v F
amIvknv se\n-\nv XXzn\v hncp-a
- mbn tkmjyenv cmjv{S-n-\p-n h kacw \ne-\npItbm hnI-kn-p-Itbm sNn F \ntj-[m-Ihpw bm{n-I-hp-amb [mcW in {]m]n-p. 1938
kn]n-Fkvbphns 18-mw tIm{K-n tkmhn-bv
bqWn-b\
- n hncp h- \ne-\np-n-spw
Nqj-I-h hw Dq-e\w sN-sp Ign-pshpw hne-bn-cp-s
- -p. C-c
- n Dmn kac-n-\p kmy-XI
- Cm-Xm-s
- -p. HutZym-KnI
sse\ns\ FXnp--h h-Icpw i{Xp--fpsS
GPp-Ifpw Bbn Nn{Xo-I-cn--s-p. CXv se\n
hnI-kn-n-m Dt-in-n-cp Nn{X-ns t\sc
FXn-cm-bn-cp-p. C-c-samcp kml-N-cy-n DtZymK-t- a-[m-hn {]h-WX
- I
- in-{]m-]n-p-sh-Xv
kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ImWm-hp Hm-Wv. CXv apX-emfn ]mX-msc kIe taJ-e-I-fn-tepw Fnp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
C-c-samcp ]m--e-n thWw kmwkvImcnI hn-h
- neqsS amthm apX-em-fn-]
- m-X
- msXn-sc \S-nb t]mcm--ns {]kn hne-bn-cp-p-Xv. apX-em-fn--]m-X-m A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-

Ibpw {IqjvtN-hns t\Xr-Xz-n apX-em-fn ]cnjvIm-c- ]c-ky-ambn \S-m-p-Ibpw sNm XpSn-b-tm-gmWv 1960-I-fn AXv Hcp tkmjy km{amPyXz cmjv{S-ambn A[x--Xn-p. tkmhn-bv bqWn-b\n Dm-b-Xns Bthiw Gs-Spv ssN\-bnepw
apX-em-fn ]mX-m X-fpsS {ia- \S-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. C-c-samcp \nm-bI L-n-em-bncpp kmwkvIm-cnI hnhw Bcw-`n-p--Xv. apImev Dm-bn-p tkmjy-env sXp Xncp-
{]m-\
- f
- n \nv hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cpp CXv. Agna-Xn-msc Xpdp Imm thn P\- DWsgp-tp Hcp kwhn-[m\w thW-sapw AXv
Xmsg--n \nv XpS--W-sapw amthm eyw
shp. kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-Im-ev P\--fpsS
apssIbvv k-kzm-X-{yhpw e`n-p. P\-sf
cmjv{Sob hnZym-`ymkw sNn-p. AXn-eqsS Ahv
apX-em-fn ]mX-msc B{I-an-m Ign-p. XfpsS A[n-Imcw Xn-sb-Sp-m hcp--hs-Xnsc
P\- sXcp-hn-en-d-p-I-bm-bn-cpp CXns ^eambn Dm- b - X v. `c- W - I q- S - ns `mK- s a
\nebv p P\m- [ n- ] - X y- n\v Hu]- N m- c n- I - a mb
kaXzw am{Xta kmy-am-hq. sXmgn-em-fn-h P\m[n-]Xyn Iogn Cu Hu]-Nm-cnI P\m-[n-]Xyw
hnI-kn-n--s-Sp-Ibpw kmy-am-bn-S-tmfw hnime-ambpw ^e-{]-Z-ambpw CXv {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-Ibpw
thWw.
DtZym-K ta[m-hn coXn-I D]-tbm-K-s-Spn-smv ]mn-bnepw `c-WI
- qS kwhn-[m-\
- f
- nepw
\ne-bp-d-n-n-cp apX-em-fn ]mX-m-cn \nv
A[n-Imcw Xncnp ]nSn-m-\p ey-tmsS P\-fpsS apIpsS ASn-m-\-n t]mcm--
kwL-Sn-n-p coXn-bm-bn-cpp CXv. \yq\-]w
hcp apX-em-fn ]mX-mv ta P\-v
X-fpsS A[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-m- thn Ahsc
htXm-Xn Ds-Spn ^e-{]-Z-ambpw hym]-I-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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ambpw \S-m-m-\m-bn-cpp AXv ey-an-n-cp--Xv.

1967 h jmwKvlmbn Iyq C-c-n A[nImcw ]nSn-s-Sp-Xv Da DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. 1966
BIp-tm-tgbvpw jmwKvlm-bnepw av apJy \K-c-fnepw kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h--n-n-I cq]-s-ncp-p. CXns ^e-ambn Cc A[n-Im-c-tI-{-fpw
\ne-hn hp. 1967 P\p-h-cn--s^-{_p-hcn ka-bv
\S htbm-KM
- M
- # kwL-Sn-n-s
- -Sp-Ibpw Ahbn Hcp Zi-e--tmfw sXmgn-em-fn-I ]s-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah ]mcokv Iyq BWv
amXr-Ib
- mbn FSp-Xv. F
-
- m Cu \nm-bI kabv Cu \ne-]m-Sn\v Fm `mK-tpw {]N-cWw
sImSp-m kn]nkn Xm-dm-bn-. CXv ]ntm-p
Imsh-bvm-bn-cp-sv ]nm-ev sXfn-bn--sp. CXv Iyq-Wnv hn-h-Im-cn-I-fpsS aptmp
t]mn\v XS--am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C-c-n
Dmb hogvN he-Xp-] hn`m-K
- v hopw IqSnt-cm Ah-k-c-sam-cp-n-sm-Sp-p. 1975-76 ImeL--n P\-Iob apssI Agnp hnSm hopsamcp {iaw \S-s-nepw AXv th{X hnPbw In. amthm-bpsS acWw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-smv heXp-]--m jmwKvlmbn Iyq AS--ap--hsb
XIp-Ibpw kmwkvIm-cnI hn-hw HSp-hn \nn
shbvpIbpw sNbvXp.
kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-Im-ev Cu hnhw \nc-c-ambn XpSp sImp t]mtI--Xns Bh-iy-IXsb Ipdnv amthm Dun--d-n-cp-p. CXv XpSw
am{Xtabpq Fpw `mhn-bn XpSp Cc-n
Bhn-p-sapw Atlw A`n-{]m-b-s-p. hnh-amtWm {]Xn-hn--h-amtWm hnP-bn-t-Xv F
Imcyw Ana Xocp-am-\-am-hp-Xv Gsd Ncn{X ImeL---fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Imcy- icn-bmbn ssIImcyw
sNbvXn-s-n apX-em-fn ]p\x-m-]\w GXp kabpw kw`-hn-m-sav Atlw Nqn-m-Wn-p.
hnhw Ah-km-\n-n-n-sv Atlw hn-hI
- m-cn-Isf
Hm-s-Sp-n. C-c-n apIqn ImWm-\p
Ignhv At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p. kmwkvIm-cnI hnh-ns knm-hpw {]tbm-Khpw hnI-kn-n-m
Atlw al- mb kw`m- h - \ - I \Ip- I bpw
sNbvXp. Fm ]mcokv Ia-ayq-Wn sNbvXXp
t]mse ssk\ys ]ncnp hnSp-Ibpw P\-sf
kmbp-[-h-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI F amIvkns
Blzm-\s Dsm-m At-l-n\v Ign-n. P\- A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp-m aptmp htm 1967 AXns\ ]mXn hgn-bn XS-p-\nnbXn ]mfw \nm-b-I-amb ]p hln-n-pv.
Fnpw ssk\ys ]ncnp hnSp-Itbm P\-Io-bssk\yw cq]o-I-cn-p-Itbm DtZym-K--ta-[m-hn-in-I-fn \nv Iyq-Wp-I-fn-tev A[n-Imcw
ssIam-dp-Itbm AXn-\m-bp \o- hnI-kn-np-Itbm Dm-bn-. tkmhn-bv bqWn-b-\n-em-bmepw
ssN\-bn-em-bmepw apX-em-fn ]mX-mv A[nImcw ]nSn-s-Sp-p--Xn klm-b-I-c-ambn ssk\yw

hn-n-pv F Imcyw Is-p--Xn hnj-aan-. km{am-PyXz in-I `c-Ws An-a-dn-m

kZm-k-a-bhpw PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-p-tm F{]-Im-camWv ssk\ys ]ncn- p- h n- S p- Xv F hmZw
Dbt-mw. Cu hmZw s]mbpw heXp-]--hpam-sWv ]nm-ev sXfn-bn--s-n-p-v. C-csamcp hmZw Dbp hcp-Xv Xs \ne-hn-ep `cW- I q- S - AtX ]Sn \ne- \ np ImWm- \ p
B{Klw sImm-Wv. apX-em-fn {]h-WX
- I
- iamb `c-W-Iq-S-amWv \ne-\np-Xv F Imcyw
hnkva-cnp sImmWv C-c-n hmZ-ap-bn-bncp--Xv. Acw ImgvN-m-Sp-I kmwkvIm-cnI hnh-ns bYm A--sb Xs Cmbva
sNp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. apIme tkmjy-env
cmPy- - f psS Imcy- n hy- a m- b Xp t]mse
Ccw \ne-]m-Sp-I apX-em-fn ]mX-mv A[nIm-c-n-tev hcm-\p kuI-cy-sam-cp-n-sm-Sp-pI-bmWv hmkvX-h-n sNbvX-Xv.
C-c-n A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp ssN\bnse apX-em-fn in-Ifpw CSXp kml-kn-I-XbpsS hm--fmb en_n-bmthm in-Ifpw Htc
\mW-b-ns Ccp hi--fm-Wv. apX-em-fn inI ]mn-bnepw ssk\y-nepw `c-W-IqS kwhn-[m\--fnepw Hfn-n-cn--bm-bn-cp-p. apX-em-fn inI-fpsS hnhn[ cq]-- ]mn-bpsSbpw ssk\y-nsbpw t\Xr-Xz-n-en-cpp sImv Ch kmwkvImcnI hnhw \bn-p--Xmbn A`n-\bn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. 1967se kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-ns al-mb
IpXnp Nms aptmp sImp t]mbn-smv
apX-em-fn--]m-X-m-cn \nv A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Spm Ign-bmsX t]mb-XmWv ssN\okv Iyq-Wnv
]mnbvv ssN\-bn kw`-hn BZys \nmb-I-amb Xncn--Sn. Cu ]cm-Pbw HXmw ]mn
tIm{K-n A]-IS- I
- c
-
- f
- mb Xocp-am-\
- f
- n-tev
\bn-p. CXv 1963se s]mXp-sse\n\pw AXv aptmp
sh hn-h-I-c-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Ipw ISI hncp-am-bn-cp-p. CXn\v ]pdta kmwkvIm-cnI hnhw Hcp
al-mb hnPbw ssIh-cnpsh hne-bn-cp-epw
sXm-bn-cp-p. tIm{K-nse aqn-semv {]Xn-\n[n-I ssk\y-n \nm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cm-Is apXem-fnin-Iv ]mX-sbm-cp-p s{]m^-j-Wep-I-fm-bn-cpp. P\m-[n-]Xy tI{o-I-c-Ww, Dmn
P\m-[n-]Xyw Fo XXz-v FXnsc t]mbnsmv ]gb ^yqU Ime-L---fn-tev aS-ntm-Ip coXn-bn kn]nkn en_nbmthm amthmbpsS ]np-Sm-hI
- m-in Bbn-cn-p-sav {]Jym-]np!
Fsms {]Xym-Lm-Xfp-m-bmepw icn Ccw
Xocp-am-\-sf Poh--cW t]mcmw \Sn ]cm-P-bs-Sp-t--Xpv F Imcyw tkmhn-bv A\p-`-h hy-am-n--gn-n-cp--Xm-bncp-p. Fm
AXv kw`-hn-n-. Cu hn`m-Ko-bhpw ]ntm--hp-amb
Bi-b- tIm{Kv AwKo-I-cn-p. kwkvIm-cnI
hnhw XpS-n-sh--X-S--ap- hnh \ne-]m-Sp-I

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ssIsm-npw Cu \nm-bI L-n C-csamcp t]mcm--n\v t\XrXzw \I-s-n-. Cu ASnm\ Zueyw Kpcp-X-c-amb hne-bn-cp--ep-I
Bh-iy-s-Sp-p-v.
djy-bnepw ssN\-bnepw ASw \nc-h[n cmPy-fn hn-h- hhn-Pbw t\Sn-bn-p-v. 1950-Ifn km-tZ-iob Iyq-Wnv {]m\w D-mbn-bn Bbn-cp-p. Fnpw tkmjy-env cmPy-fn P\-Iob cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imchpw sXmgn-em-fn-h
P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw hnI-kn-n-p-Xv Fn-s\-sbp
Imcyw ]cn-l-cn--s-SmsX \ne-sIm-p-p. ]mcokv
Iyq-Wn Dm-bXpw se\n tkmhn-bpI-fn-eqsS
\S- m- n- b Xpw al- mb ]mT- - f m- b n- c p- p.
AXpt]mse ssN\-bn \S-mb kmwkvIm-cnI hnhhpw {][m-\-s Nph-Sp-sh-bvp-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Cu
hn-h{- ]-h-\
- f
- psS A\p-`h
-
- F{]-Im-ca
- mWv
h-am\ kml-Nc
- y-nepw `mhn-bn-ep-ap-ff i-amb
h ka-c
- f
- n hnI-kn-n-m\pw aptmp sImp
t]mIm\pw Ign-bpI F-XmWv Iyq-Wn-p-Im-cpsS
apn-ep shp-hn-fn. apX-em-fn in-I A[nImcw ]nSn-s-Sp-m AXv P\-v klnp
sImn-cn-m-\m-hn-spw AXn-\m B `c-W-n\v
Bbp-tsd Dm-hn Fpw amthm ]d-Xv Npcpn-bXv kao-]-Im-es A\p-`-h- shp t\mptm sXm-bn-cp-p-shv ]d-tbn hcpw. temIm[n-]-Xy-n\v thn ak-cn-p-Ibpw kl-I-cn-p-

Ibpw sNp apX-em-fn ssN\-bn-tev tkmjyenv ssN\sb ]cn-hn-n-m apX-em-fn ]mXmv Ign-n-p-v. apX-em-fn in-IsXnsc Imcy-amb Hcp {]Xn-tcm-[hpw CXn-t\m-SIw
Dbp Ign-n-n-.
amIvknv se\n-\nv ]mn-I Cu shp-hnfn
Imcy-ambn Gs-Sp-t--Xp-v. ]mn-bnepw h
_lp-P-\-kw-L-S-\-I-fnepw P\m-[n-]Xyw hnI-kn-n-Ww. bYm {]tbm-K-n-\m-bn-p tkmjyn-enks Ipdn-p Bkq-{X-W-amWv th-Xv. cmjv{Sobm-[n-Imcw ]nSn-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw `c-W-IqSw Xqsdn--Xn\v tijw ta-d--hsb s]sv hnIkn-n-p--Xn\pw thn-bp h-k-acw aptm-psIm-p t]mIp--Xn-\mbnp {]{In-b-I-fn IyqWp-Ifpw tkmhn-b-p-Ifpw t]mep P\m-[n-]Xy cq] hnI-kn-np sImvP-\--fpsS P\m-[n-]Xy
cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw hnI-kn-n-t--Xp-v. ssk\ya-S--ap \ne-\np `c-W-Iq-Ss ]ncnp hnv
]Icw ]pXn-b-Xns\ m]n-p-tm `c-W-IqSw
]mcokv Iyq-Wns ]mT- Dsm--W-sav
amIvkv icn-bmbn Nqn-m-Wn-n-p-v. P\-sf
k-cm-p-X
- n\pw Hmtcm cmPy-n-sbpw kaq
kml-N-cy--f-\p-k-cnv hnI-kn-n-n-p Iyq
t]mep cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imc tI{-v Fm A[nIm-c-fpw ]Ip \Ip--Xn\pw ]mcokv IyqWns hgn- amIvkv IrXy-ambn Nqn-m-Wn-n-p-v.-

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\nco--I

D km-cns\Xncmb AS-m P\-tcm-jhpw

_nsP]n tIc-f-n Aup Xpd-p-sXkw_nv atX-Xc aX-\yq-\-] hn`m-K--fn-ep-mb
`bm-i--Isf Ah-K-Wn tIm{K-ns arZp-lnpXz kao-]-\-n\p Innb Xncn--Sn-bp-amWv FUnF- ^ ns\ A[n- I m- c - n- s e- n- - s Xv s]mXpsh
AwKo-I-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv kn]n-sF(-Fw)
t\Xr-Xz-n-ep CSXp ap-Wn-bpsS \b-k-ao-]-\n-\p AwKo-Im-c-sa--Xn-\-pdw {][m-\-ambpw
bpUn-F-^n-s\-Xn-cmb \ntj[ thmp-I apX-em-m
Ign-X
- mWv AXns\ A[n-Im-c
- n-se-n-X
- v. BbXn-\m \b-D-Zm-c-h-c-W-n-sbpw tIm-tdv
{]oW- \ - n- s bpw Imcy- n bpUn- F - ^ ns
XpSbpw Hcp-thf AXns hnIm-k-hp-ambn ]nWdmbn km amdp-Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
km-nI \b--fnepw hnZym-`ymk BtcmKym-Zn-I-f-S-p kmaqly tkh\ cwK--fnepw ]cnnXn taJ-e-bnepw kmwkvIm-cnI aWvU-e-n-epsamw \h DZm-c-\-b- kwPm-X-am-nb hn]-pI Ah-K-Wnv `c-W-h ]mn-I-fmb _nsP-]nbpw
tIm{Kpw apw ASn-t]n-p AtX \b-
"hnI-k-\'-ambn sImm-Sp kao-]-\-amWv Ign
\nc-h[n hj--fmbn kn]n-sF(-Fw) ]np-S-cp--Xv.
\n- { Km- a nepw knwKq- c nepw {]I- S - a m- b - X p- t ]m- s e,
tIm-td-p-I-fpsS Dul-aq-e-[\ dnb Ftv
Xmev]-cy-p-thn IjI P\-XbpsS `qan ]nSns-Sp-m \S-nb {ia- 34 hjs XpSbmb AXns `c-W
- n\v Adp-Xn-hc
- p-p-Ib
- m-Wp-mb-Xv. C{]m-h-iys ]n-a-_w-Km sXc-s-Sp-n
tIm{K-p-ambn kJy-ap-mn A[n-Im-c-n-sem kn]n-sF(-Fw) \S-nb \ow {]Xn-]
t\Xr-Xz-]-Zhnt]mepw AXn\p \jvS-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Xan-gv\m-n-em-Is, Ah-k-c-hm-Z-\o-- app-m-bncp Hcp Uk kop-I t]mepw Cm-Xm-n-bn-cnp-p. AJn-te-ym-Xe
-
- n-ep-m-bn-p Cu I\
Xncn--Sn-I-fpsS ]m--e-n {]Xo-n--sX-m
IqSp-X kop-I t\Sn A[n-Im-c-ta CS-Xp-ap-Wn
km A\p-`-h--fn \np ]mT- ]Tnv Hcp
P\-]--hn-I-k\ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-t-p-sav Icp-

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

]nW-dmbn km-cns
hnI-k\ AP-bpw \b-{]-Jym-]-\hpw
XpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-sW-nepw Acw B{Kl NnI hymtamlw am{X-am-sW-mWv Hcp amks ]nWdmbn km-cns kao-]\w hy-am-p--Xv.
tIc-fN
- c
- n-{X-n tIp-tIhn-bn-m-h
- n-[a
- p
Agn-aX
- n-If
- p-sSbpw `c-Wk
- n-cm-tI{w Xs Ah-bpsS
{]`-h-tI-{-am-b-Xn-sbpw Nn{X-amWv DNmn `cW-n-tXv. "AXn-thKw _lp-Zqcw' F P\-{]oXn
ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ns ]pI-a-d-bn `qam-^n-b-I-fp-sSbpw
It Izmdn dnb Ftv am^n-b-I-fp-sS-bpsamw Xmev]-cy--fmWv kwc-n--s--Xv. BXy-nI-am-bn, Ctm-gs tamZn kmcpw ap bp]nF
kmcpw Bhn-jv-cnp \S-m-n-bn-p AtX
tIm-tdv AP Xs-bm-Wn-Xv. Agn-aXn CXn
Aeo- \ - a m- W v . Fm, \memw tIc- f - ] - T \
tIm{K-n-eq-sSbpw \h-tI-cf amn-eq-sSbpw apw
kn]n- s F(- F w) sXc- s - S p- n\p app Xs
aptmp shXv Agna-Xnp Imc-W-amb CtX \hen-_-d AP IqSp-X ^e-{]-Z-ambn, bpUn-F-^ns\-m anI-thmsS \S-m-p-sa-mWv. AXm-b-Xv,
40 e-tmfw hcp `qc-ln-Xcpw ]mnSclnXcpamb ZfnXv BZn- h mkn hn`m- K - - f p- s Sbpw
tImf\n ]pd-tmp \nhm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw `qcm-lnXyhpw ]mnS cmln-Xyhpw ]cn-l-cn-p-tX kw_n-tm, bpUn-F-^n \np hyXy-kvX-ambn hnZym`ymk Btcm-KymZn taJ-e-I P\-Iobh-cn-p-sX--n-tbm, tXmw, I-hS hym]mc taJ-e-I-fSw hn]p-e-amb tIc-f-nse Akw-L-SnX taJ-ebn an\n-aw Iqen 500 cq]sbnepw Bt-sX
kw_-ntm, A[n-Im-c-ss-am--n\p tijhpw
hntZ-in-Ifpw Ah-cpsS _n\m-an-Ifpw \nb-ah
- n-cp-a
- mbn
ssIhiw shn- c n- p Ac e- t mfw
G`qan ]nSn-s-Spv `qc-ln-X-cp-sSbpw hnim-e-P\-hn-`m-K--fp-sSbpw Xmev]-cy-v hn\n-tbm-Kn-ttXm kw_-ntm Hcp \ne-]mSpw FUn-F^v
AXns am\n-s^-tm-bn aptmp shn-. adn-v,
P\--fpsS D]-Po-h-\hpw Ahm-k-hy-h-bpw \jvSs-Sp-p-Xpw sImSnb ]cn-nXn hn\m-i-n-tev
tIc-fs Xn-hn-Sp-Xpamb AXn-c
- nn hngnw
]-Xn-I, ]n]n]n amXr-I-bn tdmUpIfpw AXn-

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thK ]mX-Ifpw ap-amWv FUn-F-^n\v t\XrXzw

\Ip kn]n-sF(-Fw) XpSw apX aptmp hXv . apJy- a {n ]Z- t a- - b p- S sUln- b n- s en
tamZnsb apJw ImWnv ]pdp h-Xn\p tijw
\S-nb ]{X-k-t-f\w Cm-cy-amWv ASn-h-c-bn-SpIbpw sNbvXXv.
Gsd {it-b-am-bXv kn]n-sF(-Fw) CXp-hsc
FXnp-t]m Nc-p-tk-h\ \nIpXn (Pn-F-kvSn)
\p-Iq-e-ambn sUln-bn shp Xs apJy-a{n
]nW-dmbn \S-nb {]kvXm-h-\-bm-Wv. temI-_mpw
\mW-b-\n-[nbpw AS-p km{am-PyXz [\-Imcy
m]-\--fpsS ]n_-e-n temI-cm-Py--fp-sSta BtKm-f-tIm-tdv Ip-I-I ASn-tnp-sIm-n-cn-p Ghpw hn\m-iI
- m-cn-bmb \h-DZ- mc
\nIpXn ]cn-jvIm-c-amWv PnF-kvSn. BtKmf aqe-[\
hyh--bp-ambn cmPy-sf DZv{K-Yn-p ka-{K-amb
]tcm-j\
- n-Ip-Xn-sb \ne-bn am{X-a
- , \nIpXn `mcw
apgp-h km[m-cW P\--fpsS Npen-tep Xn
{]Xy \nIp-Xn-I-fmb tIm-tdv BZm-b-\n-IpXn-I Ipdv k--msc \nIp-Xn-bn \np cs]-Sp-p-I-sb-Xpw CXns AP--bm-Wv. Cym
Ncn-{X-nse Ghpw henb Cu \nIpXn ]cn-jvIm-cn-eqsS tZiob hcp-am\w cp {Sney (cp ew
tImSn) tUmf hn-p-sa-mWv temI-_m-S-ap km{am-PyXz [\-Im-cy-m-]-\- hn`m-h\w
sNpXv. CXns t\w apgp-h tIm-tdv IpI-Im-bn-cn-pw. \ne-hn-ep Akw-m\

\nIpXn hyXym-k--sfmw Hgn-hmn Cysb Hcp

GIo-IrX hn]-Wn-bmn DZv{K-Yn-m ey-an-Sp
Cu \h-D-Zmc \nIpXn ]cn-jvImcw s^U-d XXz-fpsS \-amb ewL-\hpw kwm-\-fpsS hn`h
kam-l-cW km[y-X-I Ftpw Cm-Xm-p-Xp-amWv. PnFkvSn \S-m-p--Xp-h-gn-bp-m-p
\nIpXn \jv S w ]cn- l - c n- m- \ m- h - i y- a mb ]Ww
{Kmmbn Ap hj- t v kwm- \ - v
\Ip-sa hyh Ds-Spn kwm-\--fpsS
FXnp-I Ipd-p-I-sb X{-amWv tamZn ]d-bp-Xv. Xan-gv\m-sSm-gnv Fm kwm-\-km-cp-Ifpw
Cu sIWn-bn hoWp-I-gn-p. \h-D-Zmc tImtdv h-c-W-ns hm--fmb _nsP-]npw
tIm{K- n- \ psamw kn]n- s F(- F w) \bn- p
tIcf kmcpw PnFkvSn \S-mp-sa-mWv ]nWdm-bnbpw tXmakv sFkpw ]d-bp--Xv. Cubn-\n tI{-n \np Inm t]mIp ]W-ap-]tbm-Knv tZiob ]mX \nm-W-n-\m-h-iy-amb `qantb- s - S p- ]qo- I - c n- m- s apw ]nW- d mbn
{]kvXm-hn--Xmbn Adn-bp-p. Ghpw {it-b-am-bnp-Xv temI-cm-Py-p-ta PnFkvSn ASn-tnp Ata-cn-, s^U-d XXz--fpsS ewL-\-amsWv Iv kzw cmPyv AXp \ntcm-[n-n-cn-pI-bm-sWv am{X-a-, ]tcm \nIp-Xn-I-fpsS apgph A[n-Im-chpw kwm-\--fn \nn-]vX-am-nbn-cn-p-I-bp-am-sW--Xm-Wv.
\h-D-Zm-c-h-c-W-tm-Sp ]nW-dmbn `c-W-

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ns B`n-apJyw G-hp-a-[nIw {]I-S-am-bn-p

asmcp taJe ]n]n]n (s]mXp kzImcy ]m-fn) ]-Xn-I-fmWv. \h-D-Zmc Imes tIm-tdv
kv kam-l-c-W-ns apJy D]m-[n-I-fn-sem-mbn-mWv ]n]n]n / _nHSn ]-Xn-I hne-bn-cp--sSp--Xv. tdmUp-I, Xpd-ap-J-, hnam-\-m-h-f-,
sdbnth-I XpS-nb ASn-m\ kuI-cy-ta-J-eIp-]p-dsa hnZym-`ymk Btcm-Kym-Zn-I-f-S-p
tkh-\t- a-Je
- I
- f
- n-te-p-IqSn ]n]n]n ]-Xn-I hym]np-I-gn-p. Cysb temIs Ghpw henb
]n]n]n / _nHSn hn]-Wn-bmbn tIm-tdv Ip-II AwKo-I-cn-p--Xn A`n-am\w Is--W-samWv Xs _Pv {]kw-K-n Acp Pbvven
]d--Xv. Smm, _nf XpS-nb Cy-bnse ]c-cm-KX Ip-I-Isf IS-n-shn Aw_m\n Ghpw
henb tIm-tdv Ip-I-bmbXpw Ctm ]nWdmbn km hngn--tv BZ-cn-m-\-bn-p
AZm\n KpP-dm-nse tamZn `c-WI
- m-ev ]p-hjn-\p-n kv 13 Ccn Ip hn-n-Xpw
{][m-\-ambpw ]n]n]n ]-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv. cmPyns `qanbpw {]IrXn hn`-h-fpw AS--ap
s]mXp kv tIm-td-p-I-fpsS \nb-{-W-n-emp, Ij-I-scbpw sNdp-InS I-h-S-m-scbpw
anX ]miz-hIrX P\-hn-`m-K--sfbpw sXmgnen \npw Bhmk hyh--bn \npw IpSn-sbmgn-n-p-, tNcn-I hfp, sXmgn-en-mbva AXncq--am-p-, ]cn-nXn hn\miw krjvSn-p-,
kthm-]cn t]mXp-ta-Jem _mp-I-fn kam-l-cn-s-n-p Zi-e---W-n\p tImSn cq] tIm-tdv
Ip-I-I-fn-tev ssIam-dp ]n]n]n ]-Xn-I
km-nI amy-n\p Imc-W-am-sWp ]e ]T-\fpw Nqn-m-p--Xv. ASp Imev _mp-IfpsS "Inm-Sw' 8.5 ew tImSn cq]-bn-te-p-bXns apJy-Im-cWw Aw_m-\n-am-cp-sSbpw AZm-\n-amcp-sSbpw aey-am-cp-sSbpw ]n]n]n ]-Xn-I-fm-sWv
CubnsS dnkhv _mv Xs \nco-n-p-I-bp-mbn. \mep-h-cn-m-Xv 15 aodpw A\p-_-m-h-iyv 15 ao-dp-a-Sw 30 ao hoXn tZiob ]mX
\nm-W-n\v Bh-iy-n-e-[n-I-am-bn-cn-s, tamZn
km-cn-sbpw tIm-tdv Ip-I-I-fp-sSbpw tIcf-nse _nHSn tem_n-bp-sSbpw k-v IogSn 45 ao-dn ]n]n]n tdmUp-I thW-sa ]nWdm-bn-bpsS ]nSn-hmin At-l-ns tIm-tdv B`nap-Jy-ns aIp-tSm-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. \mn e`y-amb
kmt-XnI hnZy-I D]-tbm-Knpw e`y-a-m-h NcSp-I-fn-msX temI-I-tm-f-n \np hnebvp
hmnbpw {]Xn-hjw ew tImSn cq] Ihn-bp
{]hmkn ae-bmfn \nt-]hpw tIc-f-nse _mpI-fnse ]Whpw Chn-Sps hnZKv[ Ahn-ZKv[
Azm- \ hpw {]Ir- X n- h n- ` - h - fpw ]cn- nXn
kulrZP\-] ImgvN-m-Sn \npsImp-]-tbmK-s-Sp-nbpw sXmgn-eh
- k
- c
-
- fpw B`y-c
- U
- n-ampw
hn-npw AXns `mK-ambn KXm-KX apK-W-\m{I-a- \nW-bnpw aptmp t]mI--Xn-\p-]-Icw

]n]n]n ]-Xn-I-tfmSpw hntZi aqe-[-\-tm-Sp-ap

]nW-dmbn km-cns AS-m Iw A]-am-\I-c-am-sWp kqNn-n-msX h. Ign ]Xn-\p
hj-n-\Iw tIc-f-n-tep ISp h hntZi
\nt]w 102 tImSn tUmf am{X-am-bn-cp-spw
sXm-Sp kwm-\v 27000 tImSn cq] hntZi
\nt-]a
- mbn hp-shpw ]T\ tIm{K-nse \b
{]Jym-]-\-n ]cn-X-]n-p-Ibpw hntZi tIm-tdp-Iv Nphp ]c-h-Xm\n hncn-m GI-Pm-eI
kwhn- [ m\w sImp- h - c - W - s ap hmZn- p- I bpw
sNbvX ]nW-dmbn apJy-a{n ]Zw G-tXmsS tamZnbp-sSbpw D-sbpw Ip-sbpw ]mXsb XsbmWv Bt-jn-n-cn-p--Xv.
"hnI-k\w apc-Sn-n-m ]cn-nXn kwc-Ww'
F-XmWv ]cn-n-Xn-tbm-Sp At-l
- ns {]Jym]nX kao-]-\w. ]cn-n-Xn-tbm-Sp tIm-tdv kao]\w Xs-bm-Wn-Xv. kv GXm\pw tIm-td-pI-fnepw am^n-b-I-fnepw tI{o-I-cn-p-Xpw _lp`q-cn-]
- s ]m-co-Ic
- n-p-X
- p-amb "apJy-[mc hnIk\'n ]cn-nXn kwc-Ww Akm-[y-am-sW
Xncn--dn-hn \nmWv h-am\ temIs tI{cm-j{v Sob hnj-ba
- mbn ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS {]iv\w hfp
hn-p-Xv. ]cn-n-Xn-sbbpw {]Ir-Xnsbbpw em`k- a m- l - c W- n- \ mbn apqSpw sIm- b - S n- p
tIm-tdv Dul-aq-e-[-\s cmjv{So-b-ambn \nb{n-m-sX, Hcp `mKv AXn\v Nphp ]c-h-Xm\n
hncn-p-Ibpw adp-`m-Kv ssPh-Ir-jnbpw amen\y
\nm-\hpw A`y-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm ]cnnXn kwc--W-ambn Fp-hm-Zn-pIbpw sNpXv sImSp-m-ns\ ]g-apdw sImv XSp-m-sav ]dbp- - X p- t ]m- s e- b m- W v . tIc- f s kw_- n- n- S tmfw Chn-Sps dnb Ftv dntkmv Izmdn
It am^n-b-I-fp-ambn _mhw \ne-\nn,
AYhm tIm-tdv kv kam-l-c-W-tm-sSmw
]cn-n-Xnbpw kwc-n-m-sa-Xv hymtamlw am{Xam-Wv. ]cn-nXn kwc--Ws kw_-n kn]nsF(-Fw) Ah-Imi hmZ- F{X-am{Xw A-cln-Xa
- m-sWv ]n-aL
- - h
- p-ambn _-s KmUvKn
dntmn-s\-Xnsc tIm-tdv aX It--am-^n-bI-fp-ambn kl-I-cnv AXv \S-nb lm-en-eqsS
hy-am-b-Xm-Wv. CXns `mK-am-bn-p-X-s-bmWv
sFIy-cm-jv{S-k`
- b
- psS "sdUv tUm' _pn AXoh
]cn-nXn Zp_-e-sav AS-bm-f-s-Sp--s AXnc-n-n-bn Xs sshZypXn ]Xn thW-sav ]nSnhm-inbpw AXn-c-n-nHcp-bq-Wnp sshZypXnpthn- h - c p sNe- h ns aqn- s em- n\v \ne- h n
kutcm-n \nv sshZypXn (AXp ]qambpw ]cn-nXn kulr-Z-am-sW--) Dev]m-Zn-n-msa-n-cns, Ah-ti-jn-p ImSp-Ifpw ssPh-sshhn- [ yhpw BZn- h m- k n- I - f psS Bhm- k - h y- h - - b psams XIt "hnI-k\w' sImp hcm-\mIq
F-hmin apX-em-fn bm{nI ImgvN-m-S-msX
asm-p-a-.

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16

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

apJy-[mc hnI-k-\-n \nv AXm-b-Xv, sImntLm-jn--s-Sp tIc-f-tam-U-en\v ]pdv \ns ZfnXvBZn-hmkn P\-X-tbmSpw ]miz-hIr-XtcmSpw CtX bm{nI kao-]\w Xs-bmWv ]pXnb
km-cn-\p--sXv IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-cn-t--Xn-.
`q_-
- fpw PmXn-hy-h
- bpw Xn-ep _s
Ah-K-Wn-p-sImp \S- m- nb `q]- c n- j v I - c Ww
ans asf 26000Hmfw tImf- \ n- I - f n- t epw
tdmUv]pd-tmv I\m Xoc-fn-tepw HXpn
`qan {][m-\-ambpw Hcp ]p `qhp-S-am-h-n
\nn-]vX-am-nb tIcf `q]-cn-jvI-cWw al-m-bncpp shv Ctmgpw kn]n-sF(-Fw) t\XrXzw AhIm-i-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. aqp skp-Imschsc
`qhp-S-a-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-mepw 45 e-tmfw t]
tIc-f-n `qc-ln-Xcpw ]mn-S-c-ln-X-cp-am-Wv. C{]Imcw `qc-ln-X-cmb ]miz-hIr-X-cpsS Imcy-n
bpUn-F^v km-cn \np hyXy-kvXa
- mb Hcp kao]-\hpw FUn-F^v `c-W-n-\n-spw Xncn--dn-tb-Xp-.v asm hnj-b
- f
- n-ep-sa-t- ]mse, Hcp-]t
Fm-n-\p-ap]cn ZfnXvBZn-hmkn {]iv\-n-emWv
FUn-F^vbpUn-F^v ka-hmbw apg-p-\np-Xv. Pnj h[-tm-Sp Ccp-ap--Wn-I-fp-sSbpw kao]-\-amWv HSp-hn-es DZm-l-c-Ww. bpUn-F^v `c-Wn sXfn-hp-I \in-n t]meo-kp-Imsc hnNm-cWp hnt[-b-amn sXfn-hp-I Is-p--Xn\p
]Icw AZn-Im-c-n-se-n-b-tm Ahsc kwc-np-I-bmWv kn]n-sF(-Fw) sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv.
s]mXp- h n- Z ym- ` ym- k - nepw s]mXp- P - \ m- t cm- K ynepw s]mXp- h n- X - c - W - nepw A[n- j v T n- X - a mb
Db kmaq-lnI hnI-k\ kqNn-I-I-fpsS t]cn-embn-cp-tm "tIcf tamU' F {]tbmKw 1980
IfpsS Bcw`w apX \ne-hn h-Xv. Fm 90
Ifn-em-cw-`n \h-D-Zm-c-\-b-tfmsS AXv A{]-k-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 90 IfpsS XpS--n temI-

_m-ns Un]n-C-]nbpw kzm{i-b-tm-tf-Pp-Ifpw

Bcw-`n-p-sImv hnZym-`ym-k-cw-K-tv \h-D-Zm-co-IcWw IS-n-sm-p-h-cm Icp-Wm-Ic BWn
km-cp-I \S-nb \o-sf ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-Xn kn]n-sF(-Fw)Dw AXns bph-P\
hnZymn kwL-S-\-Ifpw ap-n-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-p.
hntcm-[m-`m-k-sap ]d-b-s, 1996 A[n-Im-c-ntep h \b-\m km CtX \b- sIgnp hn-Xn-eqsS "A\m-Zm-bI
- c'amb kvIqfp-I hym]I- a m- I p- I bpw DX s{]m^- j - W hnZym- ` ymkw
tIm-tdv hnZym-`ym-ka
- m-^n-bb
- psS \nb-{-W
- n-emIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. temI-_m-ns Un]n-C]nbpsS \Sn-p-Im-cmb _pn-Po-hn-I-fpsS a IqWp-I
t]mse apfp s]mnb Cwojv aoUnbw kvIqfpIsf B{i-bn--tm, ]miz-hIr-Xcpw Zcn-{Zcpw
B{i-bn-p km kvIqfp-I-fn A[ym-]-Icpw
Ay- b \ kuI- c y- fpw Cm- X m- b n. aem- - d v
kvIqfns, As-n ctm aqtm kvIqfp-I-fpsS
{]iv\-ambn am[y-a-N-I Npcp-p-tm Bdm-bnc-tmfw kvIqfp-I- AS-p-]q- `ojWn t\cn-SpXv N-bm-Ip--tX-bn-. hmkvX-h-n, `qan-bpsS
Imcy-n-se--t]mse, tIc-f-ns s]mXp hnZym`ymk taJ-e-bpsS \nWm-bI `mKw I-S-n-bn-cn-pXv 1959 se hntam-N\ kac \mb-Icpw `q]-cn-jvI-cW-ns KpW-t`m-m--fp-am-b-h-cpsS ]nap-d-mcm-Wv. km ifw ]p Aym-]-Isc \nb-anm-\p A[n-Imcw Khsan \nn-]vXa
- m-p
hnZym-`ymk _nnse 11mw hIpv kp{]ow tImSXn
AwKo-Ic
- n-npw `c-WL
- S- \m]c-amb kwh-cW
- X
- X
- z-sfmpw ]men-msX \nb-a\
- t- m-gb
- n-eqsS aX kapZmb tae-n-b-Wn hnZym-`ymk I-h-S-m kl{k-tIm-Sn-I sIm-b-Sn-p-Xv Ah-km-\n-n-m
Hcp \S-]-Sn-bp-an-. asm Imcy--fnepw Ip-h-cp
bpUn-F^v FUn-F^v ka-hmbw Cu hnj-b-

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2016 Pqsse

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nepw kq-am-sWv ImWmw. ""inip-tI-{nX''

hnZym-`ym-k-s-]-nbpw apw hmNm-e-\m-Ip ]pXnb
hnZym-`ymk a{nv Cu cwKs tIm-tdvhc-Whpw I-h-S-h-c-Whpw Ah-km-\n-n-p--tX-ntbm, aX PmXn CS-s]-S Cm-Xmn atX-Xchpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb hnZym-`ymkw Dd-m-p--tX-ntbm \ne-]m-sSm-p-an-.
`q]- c n- j v I - c - W - ns Imcy- n PmXnbpw
`qanbpw Xn-ep _w Ah-K-Wn-Xpw hntZ-inI I-S-nb `qan hos-Sp-m--Xp-a-Sw Kpcp-Xc-amb ]mfn-I
- f
- p-m-bt- mgpw `c-Wh
- y-h
-
- I
- pw
\nb-a-kw-hn-[m-\-Ipw \np-sImv 1957 se
CSXp km ssIsIm P\-]--Im-gvN-m-SpIsfn Btem-Nn-m t]mep-am-Im--hn[w Ctmgs CS-Xp-ap-Wn km tIm-tdv
]tv Nph-Sp-am-dn--gn-p. bpUn-F^v kmcn\pw lnp-Xz-^m-kn-k-n-\p-sa-Xn-cmb P\-Iob
tcmj-n-eqsS A[n-Im-c
- n-se-nb FUn-F^v `cW-ns apK-W-\m-{I-a- P\-Iob Xmev]-cy-sf-b tkhn-p-s
- Xp hy-am-bn-g
- n-p. Bhmk-hy-h--bn \np IpSn-sbm-gn-n--ens\ sNdpp-I, _nHSn / ]n]n]n ]-Xn-Isf FXnp-I, Izmdn
am^nbIsf hnain-p-I, BZn-hm-kn-I, Zfn-X,
kv{XoI Fn--s\-bp an-X-cpsS ]-p- \ne- b p- d - n- p- I , t]meokv AXn- { I- a - sf tNmZyw
sNpI XpS-n-bh
- s
- bmw hnI-k\
- h
- n-cp-s
- apw ]cnnXn auenI hmZ-sapw Xo{h-hm-Z-sapw ap{Z-Ip-s-Sp--Xn\v ]nW-dmbn `c-W-nepw am-sampw
kw`-hn-n-n-.
C{]-Im-cw, P\-sf _m[n-p apK-W-\m-{Ia-sfsbmw Ah-KW
- n-p-Xpw ASn-m-\]
- c
- a
- mbn
tIm-tdv Xmev]-cy-sf ]n]-p--XpamWv Cgn--Zn-hkw tIcf \nb-a-k`bn Ah-X-cn-n
FUn-F-^v km-cns \b-{]-Jym-]\w. CXnse
]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb Du htXm-Xn kzIm-cy-aq-e-[\hpw hntZ-i-aq-e-[-\hpw BIjn-p-sImv tIc-fnse ASn-m\ kuIcy hnI-k\w temtIm-tmc-\n-eh
- m-c
- n-se-n-p-Ib
- mWv. ZoL-Ime \nt]w
Bh- i y- a p- Xpw bpn- k - l - a mb em`w sImv
Xr]vXn-b-S-bp--Xp-amb hyh-kmb aqe-[-\-a-, adnv
hfsc s]sv em`-sa-Spp IS-p-t]m-Im Xmdp Dul-aq-e-[-\-ns B[n-]-Xy-amWv cmPysbpw hntZ-is
- bpw Cs nXn. Xn-anw
tamZn- b psS "sabv v C Cym' ]- X n- b - S w
XnI ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cn-p-tm sNsmSn ]nSn-psImv (ssN-\-bnepw apw \S-p amXn-cn) ChnsS
{]Jym-]n-n-p Cu "tamZn h-cWw' hymtam-lam-bn-cn-p-sap ]d-bm-sX-h-. Fm sXmgn-e-h-Imi-s
- fbpw ]cn-nXn \nb-a
- s
- fbpw am\np sImv
CXv \S-m-p-sa-p-IqSn \b-{]-Jym-]\w ]d-bp-tm
"I-n-en-cn-p-Xp t]mImsX D-c-n-en-cn-pXp FSp-m-sap' ]d-bp-X
- n-e
- p-ds
- am-p-an-. hngn-n-sbpw tZio-b-]m-X-bp-sSbpw AXn-c-n-n-bp-

sSbpw apw Imcy-n \ne-]m-Sp-I hn-cns,

Imcy- GXp hgn-mWp \op-I-sbpw hyam-Wv. ]cn-nXn \nb-a-fpw P\m-[n-]-Xym-h-Im-ifpw sXmgn-e-h-Im-i-fpw AwKo-I-cn-p-sImv
\nt]w \S-m aqe-[\w Xm-d
- m-X
- mWv Atacn-bpw bqtdmpw ssN\-bp-samw t\cn-Sp {]Xnk-n-sbp Xncn--dn-bmsX Ime-l-c-W-s apX-emfn hnI-k-\-tm-Sp bm{nI kao-]-\-amWv \b{]-Jym-]-\-nse ImX. \h-D-Zm-c-{I-a-n-\-p-dtp Nnn- m Ign- b m- - h v CX- msX
asmpw aptm-p-sh-m-\n-sv FSpp ]d-tb-Xn-tm.
Cu kml-N-cy-n, tIm-tdv apX-em-fnw
AXns kp kam-l-c-W-nepw emt`--bnepw
A[n-jvTn-X-ambn Bhn-jv-cnp \S-m-n-sm-n-cnp apJy-[mc "hnI-k\'n \np hyXy-kX
v a
- mbn
"Fv , F- s \, Bp- t hn' hnI- k - \ - s a
Ghpw efn-X-amb Imcy--fn \np Xs kwhm-Z Bcw-`n-t-n-bn-cn-p-p. Dev]m-Z\ taJ-eI
- sf
At]-nv Dul-ta-J-e-I-fpsS hnIm-k-nepw \nccw in-s-Sp {]Ir-Xn-hn-`h
- s
- m-b
- nepw sXmgnen-m-bva-bnepw Ak-a-Xz-nepw kthm-]cn DtZym-K -ta-[m-hn-Xz-nepw Dup apJy-[mc hnI-k\hpw hnime P\-hn-`m-K
- f
- psS Xmev]c
- y-f
- n A[njvTn-X-amb P\-Iob hnI-k-\hpw Hp-t]m-Ip--X-.
A`q-X-]q-amb tIm-tdv kp tI{o-I-c-Wn\p Imc-W-am-bn-p apJy-[mc hnI-k\w Ncn-{Xn-sem-cn--ep-ap-m-bn-n-m Ak-a-Xz-pw
]cn-nXn hn\m-i-n\pw anX P\--fpsS ]mizh-cWn\pw DtZym-K ta[m-hn-Xz-n\pw P\m[n-]-Xym-h-Imi \ntj-[-n\pw kmwkvIm-cnI PoWX-Ipw hgn-sh-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. tkmhn-bv
bqWn-b-\-Sw ap tkmjy-env cmPy--fp-sSbpw
Ctm apX-em-fntIm-tdv ]mXsb Btjnp Ign ssN\-bp-sS-bpw, 34 hjs _wKmfnse kn]n-sF(-Fw) apWn `c-W-n-sbpw Fn\-[nIw Ctm-gs s{_Ivknv kw`-hh
- n-Im-k
- f
- n
\n-Sw ]mT- ]Tn-msX CS-Xp-]--n\v Hcnp-t]mepw aptmp t]mIm-\m-hn-sv Xncn--dn-tbn-bn-cn-p-p. tIm-td-p-I-f, adnv P\--fmWv
hnI-k-\-ns Nme-I-i-n-bpw ey-hp-sap Xncn-dn-b-Ww. Hmtcm P\-X-bp-sSbpw {]tZ-i-n-sbpw
kaq kml-N-cy--\p-kr-X-ambn km-nIhpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw ]cn-n-Xn-]-c-hp-amb X\Xp
khn-ti-jX
- I
- ]cn-KW
- \
- b
- n-se-Sp-p Hcp hnI-k\
]cnt-{]-y-amWv Bhn-jv-cn--s-tS--Xv. Fm-n\p-ap-]cn \b-Xo-cp-am-\-n-sbpw \S-n-n-sbpw
Imcy-n P\--fpsS apIpw cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imchpw Dd-m--s-tS--Xp-v. Cu Zni-bn Hcp P\] hnI-k\ _Z hfn-sm-p-h-cm tIc-fnse FUn-F^v `c-Ws \bn-p bm{n-IhmZnIv Hpw Ign-bn-sv Bhnp ]d-tb-Xn-.

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tNmtZym--c-]wn
hmb-\-m-cpsS tNmZy-v
k. sI F. cma-N-{a-dp-]Sn \Ipp

]m-bv hyh Fv? Fn\v?

P\-Iob imo-I-cWw (people's empowerment)

F- t]-cn apXem-fn P\m-[n-]-Xy- hy-h-sb
{Kma, \Kc Xew-hsc Fn-p--Xn\v ]p A[n\nth-i-n-sbpw \h DZm-ckm-n-Icmjv{Sob
\b- - f p- s Sbpw `mK- a mbn sFIy- c mjv { S k`bpw
AXns LS-I -kw-L-S-\-Ifpw aptm-p- h-n-cn-p
\nt-i--fpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv 1980-I-fn cmPohvKmn kmcpw 90- I-fn dmhp kmcpw Cp
\ne-hn-en-cn-p {XnXe ]m-bp hy-h-p
XpSw CSp--Xv. apX-em-fn hyh AXns \ne\nn\pw hnIm-k-n-\p-ambn temIs apgp-h
kzw {]Xn-Om-b-bn AXn-thKw amm \nc-cw
{ian-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-Wv. Iyq-Wn-p -{]-m\w
in- s - S p- I bpw tkmhy- p- b q- W n- b \pw ]noSv
ssN\bpw DssS tkmjy-enp \mSp-I-fn Hcp
_Z hnI-k\ P\m-[n-]Xy {]{In-bp {iaw Bcw`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv apem-fn hyh t\cn h
shp-hn-fn-bm-bn-cp-p. Cu shp-hnfn t\cn-Sm-\mWv
cmw temI-bp-s XpSv Ata-cn- t\XrXz-n apX-em-fn kmaqly hyh AXns cq]nepw D-S--n-ep-samw h am- hcp-nb-Xv. Gjy B{^n- emn Ata-cn- \mSpIsf t\cnp `cn-p A[n\n-thi hyh-p ]Icw
A[n-Imcw Cu \mSp-I-fnse km{am-PyXz C-smp
{]hn-p h-pw Ahsb {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-p cmjv{Sob ]mn-Ipw ssIam-dn. aqe-[\
hn]-Wn kmt-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Knv Ahsb
\nb-{n-p \h-A[n-\n-th-io-I-c-W-n\p XpS-an-p. CXn\p klm-b-I-ambn Ata-cn-bpw \mtmbpw
temI-t]m-eo-kmbn amdn-smv, Gsdpsd Fm
\mSp-I-fnepw apX-em-fn- P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-v
ASn--d-bn-p. CXns `mK-am-bmWv sF Fw F^v
temI-_m-v temI hym]mc kwL-S-\- {XbfpsS
B[n-]-Xyhpw sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n
apX-em-fn ]cn-jvc
- W \b-f
- psS `mK-ambn Cybnse ]m-bp hyh--sb-tm-ep k{-Zm-bfpw km-tZ-io-b-ambn in-s-Sp-n-b-Xv.
18

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

? Cy-bnepw tIc-f-nepw \ne-hn-ep {XnXe ]m-bv kwhn-[m\w {]mtZ-inI Xe-n P\-Iob

A[n-Imcw Dd-m-p--Xn-\p-thn cq]w sImSpn-p--Xm-W-tm. Fm Cv P\--fpsS Xm-Xv]-cy--tfm-fp-]cn k--cp-sSbpw \nn]vX XmXv]-cy-m-cp-sSbpw \nb-{-W-n-em-W-tm Ch {]hn-p--Xv.
P\--fpsS {]-iv\- ]cn-l-cn-p--Xnt\m Agn-aXn Cm-Xm-p--Xnt\m ]m-b-p-Ip Ign-bp-n-.
Cu kml-N-cy-n Xt-i-`-cW m]-\--tfm-Sp ]mn-bpsS \ne-]m-sS-mWv ?
Fw.-]n.BWn, tImbw
apem-fn hyh-b
- n Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p
Cu auen-I-amb am-sf amIvknp \ne-]m-Sp-I-fneq-sSbpw h-am\ km-n-I kmaqly hyh-bpsS kaq hni-Ie
- \
-
- n-eq-sSbpw hne-bn-cp-m
Ign-bmsX ""km{am-Py-Xz-hp-ambn kam-[m-\]
- c
- a
- mbn klhn- p- s Impw kam- [ m- \ - ] - c - a mbn a- c n- psImpw tkmjy-en-k-n-tev kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn
]cn-hn-m-sav'' hni-I-e\w sNbvXp-sImv 1956
se Ccp-]Xmw tIm{Kkv apX tkmhy-p- I-yqWn-p-]mn ]nXp-S Xncp-hmZ \b-
tkmhy-p-bq-Wn-bs\s apX-em-fn ]mX-bn-tev
A[x]Xn-n-p-Ibpw1991 AXns XI-bntepw \mam-ht- ijw BIp-X
- n-tep \bn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXnpw AXn\npw ]mT- Dsm-m
{ian-m-X
- p-sIm-mWv Cp Iyq-Wn-p-{]-m\w
temIa-sapw ISp Xncn--Snsb t\cn-p-sIm-n-cnp--Xv. ssN\-bpssS ap-tkm-jy-enp \mSpIfpw apX-em-fn ]mX-bn-tev A[xXn-npw temIm- I - a m\w kakv X taJ- e - I - f nepw km{am- P yXz
hyh ]nSn-ap-dp-p-Ibpw sNbvXnpw Ah-s-Xnsc
\ne-]m-sS-Sp-v, Xncn--Sn-Isf adn-I-Sv apt-dm
Iyq- W n- p- ] mn- I p Ign- b m- Xv amIv k nks Hcp kmaqly imkv{X-ambn ImWm\pw, ham\ kml-N-cy-v A\p-kcW--ambn amIvknp
knm--tbpw {]tbmK-sbpw hnI-kn-n-m
Ahp Ign-bm--Xp-sIm-pamWv. AXp-sImv apXem-fn km{am-PyXz hyh-s-Xnsc h-ka
- cw \nccw hnI-kn-nv, apX-em-fn--n-s\-Xnsc _Z
hnI-k-\ P\m-[n-]Xy k- Bhn-jv-cnp
{]tbm-Kn-m IgnbmsX, Xncp-hm-Z-n-\-Sn-sv
hyh-m-]nX Iyq-Wnp {]m-\- t]cn
am{Xw tkmjy-enpw {]tbm-K-n apX-em-fn
kz`m-h-aphbp-ambn amdn. AXp-sIm-mWv temI_mp ]-Xn-bmb Un]nC]n sb P\-Iob hnZym-`ymk
]- X n- b mbn Ah- X - c n- n- p Ah- - b n- t ev
amIvknp ]mnbpw AXp \bn-p CS-Xp-P-\m-

kJmhv
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[n-]Xy ap-Wnbpw A[x]Xn--Xv. ^etam? hnZym`ymk k{-Zm-b-amsI I-h-S-h-cn--s-Sp

Ah kwPm-X-am-bn. AtX-t]mse tI{ tIm{Kkv km {XnXe ]m- b v kwhn- [ m\w
sImp-h--tm AXns ey- Fsms
Fp ]Tnv, AXns\ pdnv amIvknv hni-I-e\hpw AXn-t\mSp amIvknp kao-]-\hpw hnI-knn-msX C Fw Fkv s t\Xr-Xz-n "P\-Io-bmkq-{XWw' Fp -t]-cnv AXns hm--fm-Ip-Xn amIvkn-p-]mn apn-p-\n-p.
Fm {XnXe ]m-b-p-hy-h--bn-eqsS
AXns D]-RvPm-Xm-fpw \S-n- p-Imcpw {]Nm-cIcpw Ah-Im-i-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse bYm-n
A[n-Imc hntI-{o-I-c-Whpw P\-Iob imo-I-cWhpw \S-p-ptm? icnpw kw`-hn-Xv {Kma-Xew-hsc DtZym-K ta[m-hnXzw in-s-Sp-epw
Agn-a-Xn-bpsS hntI-{o-I-c-Whpw temI-_m-n-tbpw
ap km-tZ-iob GPkn-I-fp-sSbpw ^p-I-fpsS
Xmtg--n-te-p Hgp-p-amW.v kwm-\--fpsS
\nc-cw hn-p IS-_m-y-X-bn KWy-amb
`mKhpw Cu Xt-inb`c-W-m-]-\--fpsS t]cn
taSn-p-Iq-p--Xm-Wv. tImSn--W-n\p cq]-bmWv Xtiob m]-\--fn Fp--Xv. Fw ]n ^pw Fw
F F ^pw t]mse CXpw Agn-aXn Xmsg-nhsc Fn-p-p. Cu ^p-I D]-tbm-Knv
hInS tjmnv kap-b
-
- fpw apw ]Wp-Xp-bn
Ch-bpsS Xe--n-cn-p DtZym-K-pw Xti
m]-\
- f
- nse `c-Wk
- a
- nXn AwK-pw kp
kam-l-c-W-n-\p hgn Xpd-p-tm-gpw {Kma ]mb-p-I-fn-sebpw \Kc k`-I-fn-tebpw anX hn`m-Kpw `h-\c
- l
- n-Xpw apw Ch-bpsS {]tbm-P\w
Inm-dn-. Pnj kw`-hw- t]m-se-bpf-fXpw tXmw-sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS emb-fpw tImf-\n-I-fnse \\-smen-p Iqc-Ifpw th\m-es IpSn-sh--mahpw ag-hc
- p-t- XmsS hym]-Ia
- m-Ip km{I-anI tcmKfpw apw sXfn-bn-p-Xv CXm-Wv. Cu nXn-hntijw C\nbpw amIvknp \ne-]m-Sp-I Ism-gnbm kwL-S-\-Ip apn henb shp-hn-fn-bmWp-bp--Xv.
tIm{Kkpw _nsP-]nbpw t]mep `c-W-h]mn-I-sfbpw ]e -kw-m-\--fnepw A[n-Im-c-nen-cn-p {]mtZ-inI ]mn-I-tfbpw kw_-n-n-Stmfw {XnXe ]m-bp k{-Zmbw {]mtZ-inI
Xe-n X-fpsS A[n-Imcw Dd-n-p--Xn\p
t{kmX-kp-I am{X-am-Wv. Ahsb ssIn-Sn-bn-em-p-Xn\v Ah-bn-te-p sXc-s-Sp-p-I-fn efpw tImSn-Ifpw sNe-hm-p--Xn\v Ahp aSnbn-. 34 hjs ]na _wKm-fnse amIvkn-p]mn-bpsS `c-Wm-\p-`h
-
- fpw CXp-Xs
- -bmWp sXfnbn-p--Xv. tIc-f-nse Ah-bpw hyXy--a-.
Xt-inb m]-\--fn-tep sXc-s-Sp-s-SpXn\p aqpw ]np-ap AwK--fpsS km-n-I-

nXn ]cn-tim-[n-m Ah-cn _lp-`q-cn-]-hpw

Agn-a-Xn-{K-kvX-cmbn Fp hy-am-Ipw.
Cu Agn- a - X n- h - c - W - ns Imcy- n,
{XnXe ]m-b-p-hy-h--bn-epssS Xnc-s-Sp-s kn ]n sF(Fw F) en_-td-j AwK-fpsS Ah-bpw hyXy--a-. Bkm-anse Im_n
BwKvtemw BZn-hmkn kzbw-`-cW {]tZ-iv AXp
`qcn-]w t\Sn. cp-X-hW AXp `cn-p. Cm-ev
Chn-sS-\nv Bkmw Akw-_vfn-bn-tev AXns
Av Fw F F amcpw temI-k-`-bn-tev Hcw-Khpw
sXc-s-Sp--s-p. ]t AXns t\Xr-Xzhpw
sXc-s-Sp--s--hcpw Agn-a-Xn-bn apn-p-fn-Xn-\m ]no-Sp Xnc-s-Sp-p-I-fn en_-td-j\v
A[n-Im-c-m-\- Fmw \jvS-s-p. \nc-h-[n-t
_n sP ]n bnepw apw tNp. AXns ^etam?Cgn Akwn sXc-s-Sp-n Cu {]tZ-is
apgp-h kopw _n sP ]n Xqp-hm-cn. en_-td-j\p
P\-Iob ASn--d-bp _olm-dnepw AXns \nc-h[n-t {Kmam-y--cmbn sXc-s-Sp--s-s-nepw
Ah-cn ]ecpw Agn-a-Xn-bn-eqsS hXpI km-Znp-Ibpw en_-td-j-\n\npw cmPn-h-bvp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. tIc-f-n ssIhn-c-en Fm-hp kn
]n sF (Fw F)-Im ]m-bp hmUp sa-dm-cmbn sXc-s-Sp--s-n-p-p-sh-nepw `c-W-hyh B{K-ln-p--Xn\np hyXy--ambn XfpsS ]m-bp sajn-ns\ h-k-acw ins-Sp-p--Xn-\mbn Ah D]-tbm-Kn--Xns A\p-`h- Nqn-m-m-\m-hn-. Ah-scmw ]mn-hn-p-t]mbn, As-n Ahsc ]mn-bn\npw ]pd-m-tn-h-p. Cu kml-N-cy-n {]mtZ-in-I-X-e-n
Fs\ ]mn sIn--Spmw, Fs\ ]m-b-pap-X ]me-sap-h-sc-bp {]h-\-sf hk-acw in-s-Sp-p--Xn tamU-ep-I-fmbn D]tbm-Knmw Fp-Xv hnh Iyq-Wn-p- {]-m\w
t\cn-Sp {][m\ shp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. Cu PqWn
tN tI{-I-n-n-tbmKw Cu {]iv\w Kuc-h-ambn
NsNbvXv cv kp{]-[m-\-amb Xocp-am\w FSp-pI-bp-m-bn:
Hv, an-X-hn-`m-K- A[n-h-kn-p tImf-\n-Ifnepw tNcn-I-fnepw tI{o-I-cnp {]hn-p-sImv
Ahn-S-bn\npw aptmp hcp--hsc tNv
]mn {_mp-Ifpw tem In-n-Ifpw kwL-Snn-p-I. Cu {]h-\-n-S-bn PmXn-D-q-e-\{]-m-\hpw ]mn-Sm-hI
- mi ka-c
- fpw an ]Wnsb-Sp-p--hv Irjn-`qan e`n-p--co-Xn-bn-ep
`qk-a-c-fpw ]cn-nXn kwc-W {]m-\-fpw
{]mtZ-in-I-ambn in-s-Sp-p-I.
cv, ]mn {_mp-Ifpw tem In-n-Ifpw cq]oI-cnv ]m-b-p-I-sfbpw \K-c--sfbpw tI{o-Icnv Ahn-Sps {Kma-]-m-p-I-fnepw \Kc k`-Ifnepw P\- t\cn-Sp {]iv\- ]Tn-p-Ibpw
\ne-hn-ep ]m-bp /\K-c-k`m kan-Xn-I-fpsS
{]h-\- ]Tnp hne-bn-cp-p-Ibpw AXns

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

19

20

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ASn- m- \ - n Hcp _Z hnI- k - \ P\m- [ n]Xyh-cW ]cn-]mSn Bhn-jv-cnv P\-nS-bn {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-tbmSp tbmPnp ]ptcm-K-a-\, P\m-[n-]Xy in-Isf AWn-\ncn P\-Iob kan-Xn-Itfm P\m-[n-]Xy kan-Xn-Itfm
cq]o-I-cn-p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS _m\-dn {]Nm-cW,
{]tm-` ]cn-]m-Sn-I Bhn-jv-cnv \S-m-p-Ibpw
sNp-I.
h-am\ `c-W-hy-h ]q-ambpw Agn-a-Xn{K-kvXhpw P\-hn-cp--hp-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-sImv AXns\-Xn-cmbn \nc-c {]tm-`- hfm {ianp-tm Xs ]me-adn {]h\w DssS
Cu hyh--p ISp Ibdn AXns\ kzm[o-\nm\pw amn-om\pw {ian-p-sImv h-k-acs hnI-kn-n-t--Xp-v. Cu {]h-\-n\v
^e-{]-Z-ambn XpSw Ipdn-m Ign-bp-Xv ]mbv/ \K-c-k`m kan-Xn-I-fn ISp Ibdn P\-Iob-tam-U Dm-m {ian-p-sIm-mWv.
km{am-PyXzw apX-em-fn--ns ]c-tam--X-L-san, h-am\ Dul aqe-[-\m-[n-]Xyw km{amPyXz PoW-X-bpsS ]mc-ays shfn-s-Sp-p-p.
Cu Pom-h 18-mw \qm-p-I-fnse apX-em-fn
hn-h--fp-sSbpw AXn-eqsS cq]-s- apem-fn P\m[n-]-Xy-n-sbpw Ah-bpsS kzmX{yw, ka-Xzw,
kmtlm-Zcyw, aX-\n-c-t]-X XpS-nb aqey--fpsS
A]-N-b-n-tep IqSn-bmWv \bn-p--Xv. km{amPyXz hyh \nc-cw cq-am-Ip [\ kmnI {]Xn- k - n- b n- e m- W v . CXns\ adn- I - S - m
cmw- tem- I - b p- m- \ - cw a\p- j y- t i- j n- t bbpw
{]IrXn k-p-I-tfbpw sIm-b-Sn-p-Xv ]mc-ayX- b n- t e- s - n- p. a\p- j y- t i- j n- b psS NqjWw
XoW- a m- m Azm- \ n- p hn`m- K - sf
"tdmt_m-p-'I-fmn amp- -X-c-n hnZym-`ymk
k{-Zm-bhpw apw amn. DtZym-K--ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns
sNm-Sn-p- Nen--hn[w apX-em-fn P\m[n-]-Xys amn. \h-D-Zmc \b-p Iogn ]mcay-n-te-s-nb Cu ]cn-jvIm-c--fpsS `mK-am-bnmWv, Cy ]mc--cy-n\pw h-am\ kml-Ncy-n\pw A\p-kr-X-ambn {XnXe ]m-bp k{Zmbw Bhn-jv-cnv 1990 I ap-X \S-m-m
Bcw-`n--Xv. Ign aqp ]Xn-m-p-I-fn km{amPyXz GPkn-I-fn \n-p ISw hen-b-tXm-Xn
]p-sN-bvXp-sImv {Kma-]-m-b-p-I-tfbpw \K-ck-`-I-tfbpw hsc Ah-bpsS A\p-_---fmn -amn.
apJy-[mc cmjv{So-b-]mn-I-sfms \h-D-Zm-c-\-b-fpsS \S-n-p-Im-cm-bn amdp-Ibpw CXn-\-\p-k-cnv
Xmsg--nse X-fpsS A[n-Imcw Dd-n-p--Xn\p thZn-I-fmn ]m-b-p-Isf amn-smv
Ahsb ]nSn-s-Spm\pw \nb-{n-m\pw X-fpsS
Xm]-cy--\p-kc
- nv amn-om\pw ]-Xn-I
Bhn-jv-cnv \S-m-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-Wv.
Iyq-Wn-p-]mn t\-cn-Sp ]pXnb shp-hn-fnbm-Wn-Xv. Cu kml-N-cy-n ]mn sIn--Sp-p-

Ibpw in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw ]mn-bpsS cmjv{Sob

t\Xr-Xz-n h _lp-P\ kwL-S-\-Ifpw -P-\Iob {]m-\-fpw sIn--Sp-v P\-Iob ka-c-
hnI-kn-n-p-Ibpw {]Xy-b-imkv{X cmjv{Sob {]NcWw in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-s\mw ham-\ -km-l-Ncyw icn-bmbn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv AXn\-\p-k-c-W-ambn {_mp-X-ew-hsc ]mn-kw-L-S\
sIn--Spv ]m-b-p-I apX ]me-sap-hsc
apX-em-fn P\m-[n-]-Xy-ta-J-e-I-fn CS-s]v hk-acw hnI-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNt--Xp-v. _qjzm
]me-sa-dn -{]-h\w Hcp Ccp-Xe hmfp-t]m-sebm-sW t_m[yhpw Cu {]h\w in-s-Spm Bh-iy-hp-am-Wv. ]me-sadn Ah-k-c-hm-Z-ntev A[x]Xnv `c-W-h hyh--bpsS `mK-ambn
Xocm-Xn-cn--W-sa-n Cu {]h-\s h-k-ac-hp-ambn In-tN-Ww. ]mn-bpsS P\m-[n-]Xy
hnh ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-tev P\-sf ASp-n-m D]tbm-Kn--Ww. \mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp- -A-\p-`-h- sXfnbn- p- Xv Iyq- W n- p- ] mn- I sf hn- h ]m- X bn\npw hyXn-N-en-n-p--Xn ]me-sadn Ahk-c-hmZw \nm-bI ]p hln-n-p-s-m-Wv. Cu
taJ-e-bn \psS A\p`h- ]cn-an-X-sa-nepw
t\cs kqNn-n--Xp-t]mse CXp-hsc sXc-sSp--s ]m-bv AwK-sf ]mn-bpsS ImgvNm-Sn-\-\p-k-cn-v {]-hn-n-p--Xn -]cm-P-b-am-Wpm-b-Xv. A-Xp-sImv P\-Iob P\m-[n-]Xy hn-h]m-X-bn \np hyXn-N-en-m hn[hpw AXn\p
klm-b-I-amb hn[hpw Fs\ ]m-b-p-Xe
{]h-\
- f
- n \np apI-fn-tev hnhn-[X
- e
-
- f
- n
{]hnmw F-Xns\pdnv Bg-n-ep ]T-\fpw N- I fpw Bh- i y- a m- W v . Fm {_mv ,
tem In-n-I-fnepw Cu hnjbw \nc-cw NsNbvXv Cu {]h\w hnI-kn-n-m\m-bm AXv
Fm-X-e--fn-ep-ap ]mn-Ifp-sSbpw hn-h-{]-tbmK-n-sbpw ]ptcm-K-Xnsb klm-bnpw

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

RED STAR
CENTRAL ORGAN OF CPI(ML)

C-141, Sainik Nagar,

New Delhi - 110059
Ph: 011-25332343
e-mail:
redstarenglish@yahoo.co.in

tamNnXtaml-\

bpUn^v Ign Av hjw \S-n-em-nb hnIk-\--fpsS ASn-m\ \b--fn auen-I-amb Hcp

hntbm-Pnpw {]I-Sn-n-m FUnF^v tImtd-p-I-fpsS kz]v\-`q-an-bmn tIc-fs amm-\p-ff
{ia- Bcw-`np Ign-p. bpUnF^n\v \S-n-emm Ign-bm hnI-k\w FUnF^n\v Ign-bpsa _Z ]cn-]m-Sn-bmWv Ign sXc-s-Spv
thf-bn aptm-p-sh-Xv. \h-D-Zm-c- hyh Ddv
\Ip tIm-tdv hnI-k-\n \nv hykvXamb Hcp ImgvN-mSpw FUnF^ns {]I-S-\-]-{XnI-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-n-. ]-Xn-I Agn-aXn cln-Xambn \S-n-em--p-sa- Hcp Ddv am{X-amWv thdnv
\n-Xv. AXv Ipdp-ns Ddv am{Xw. ImcWw
\hen_-d \b--fpsS ASn-m-\-n tImtd-p-I t\XrXzw \Ip ]-Xn-I \S-n-emp-tm cmjv{Sob t\XrXz-pw t{SUv bqWnb-\p-Ipw e`n-p tImSn-I-fpsS Io-j
kzoI-cn-m Hcp hyhm]nX cmjv{Sob
]mnbpw Cy-bn-en-. kn]nFpw AXn \nv
`n-a-sv sXfn-bn F{Xtbm kw`-h-.
BtKm-f-hXv-c-W-ns km[y-X-I ]c-amh[n {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp--W-sa- \ne-]m-Sp-ff ]nWdmbn hnP-b t\XrXzw \Ip km-cns
hnI-k-\-\-b--fpsS ImX Fm-bn-cnpw?
BcpsS hnI-k-\-am-bn-cnpw AXv \S-n-em-pI?
]n-a-_wKmfn _p-tZhv `m-Nmcy \S-n-emnb
tIm-tdv hnI-k-\-ns Npg-en-bn XIv
Xcn--W-amb kn]nFw ns A\p-`hw Aev]w
Pm{KX ]men-m ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs\ \n_-nX-\m-n-tbpw. Fnepw \h-en-_-d ImgvNmSv
Dt]-np sImpff hnI-k-\a km-cns
ey-sa-v CXn-\Iw Xs hy-ambn Ign-p.
bpUnF^n-t\-mfpw IqSp-X Icp-tm-sSbpw
`wKn-tbm-sSbpw BtKm-fo-I-cW \b- tIcfns kml-N-cy-n \S-n-em-m tijn-bp-ff
Hcp Soans\ Dm-p--Xn ]nW-dmbn hnP-b
D Nmn-tb-m F{Xtbm apn-em-Wv. {]apJ
hIp-p-I ssIImcyw sNp a{n-am-cpsS \ne]m-Sp-I tIm-tdv Xmev]-cy--tfmSv tNv
\npXmsWv tIc-fo-bv t_m[y-s-n-p-f-f-

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

\h-tI-cfsa tIm-td-v kz]v\w

Xm-Wv (DZm: hnZym-`ym-kw, hyh-km-bw,-Ir-jn, Xti
kzbw`cWw, KXm-K-Xw, XpS-n-b-h).
tIm-td-pI \S-p km-nI Nqj-Wn-sbpw sImf-f-bp-sSbpw `oI-cX adv shv
hob ^mkn-k-n-s `ojWn Bhnmhnv aX-\yq\-]--sf Bi-bpsS
apap\-bn \nn `qcn-]w t\Sn A[n-Im-c-nse-nb ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs km-cn\v tIc-fns Bh-iy--fpsS apK-W-\-b {][m\w;
adnv [\-Imcy aqe-[-\-i-n-I-fpsS Bh-iy--fmWv. Ahsb tIc-f-ns samw Bh-iy--fmbn
FUnF^v sXmbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. AXm-bXv
tIm-tdv in-I-fpsS ]-Xn-I hnP-bn-n-m\p-ff ]m-e kuIcyw Hcp-p-I-bm-Wv
kn]nFpw tIm-tdv am[y-a-fpw Ctm
sNbvXp sImn-cn-p--Xv.
sImn-tLm-jn--s tIcf tamU hnI-k\w
h {]Xn-k-n-bn-em-Wv. [\nIZ-cn{Z hn`m-K-nse
hnShv `oa-amb hn[-n IqSnsmn-cnpp.
BtKmf aqe-[-\-ns \mtim-pJ hnI-k\w 56%
Zcn-{Zsc krjvSnp Ign-p. Av ]Xn-m-n-tesd
amdn amdn `cn CSXv heXv ap-Wn-I-fpsS hnIk\ {]h-\- CX-c- kw-m-\-sf B{ibnv Pohn-t KXn-sI Ah--bn-tev tIcfs Fnp. kpw hn`-h-fpw A[n-Im-cfpw GXm\pw Nne-cpsS ssII-fn tI{o-I-cnp-Ibpw Ah ]d-bp-Xpw \S-n-em-pXpamWv
hnI-k\sa hnizmkw s]mXp kaq-l-n
hym]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. `q]-cn-jvI-cWns ^eambn tIc-f-n 26000- Hmfw tImf-\n-I-fn-tev
HXp--s lX-`m-Ky-cmb Zfn-Xv \h-tI-c-fns hnI-k\ `q]-S-n Hcp m\-hp-an-. ISpdw \jvS-s ay-smgn-em-fn-Ifpw ImSv \jvSs BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw \h-tI-c-f-ns AP--bn-en. ]nW-dmbn hnP-b A[n-Im-c-tav Ipdv Znk-hv tijw ae-bm-f-n-se Hcp {]apJ ]{Xns apt]Pn _m\ Xe-s-p-ambn Hcp
hm hp. InS-m-S-an-m Hc-bpw aI\pw
cm{Xn Kpcp-hm-bq t{X]cn-k-cv A`bw

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

21

{]m]nv aIs\ sXcphv hnf-n IqsS-bn-cpn ]Tnn-p-Xpw ]ntv aIs\ Im-S-hnse

kvIqfn-emn A hoptPmenp t]mIpXpw.
sshIp-tcw Xncnv Kpcp-hm-bqcn-se-p-p. Zpcn-X-tfmSv Gp-apn aIs\ ]Tn-n-n-cp A-bpsS
Zb-\ob nXn hm-bn \ndp \nn-cp-p.
CXv hmbn-m-\n-S-bmb apJya{n DSs\ hnj-bn CS-s]v Pnm -I-f-IvS aptJ\ Apw
aI\pw hoSv e`n-m-\p-ff \S-]-Sn-I ssIsmf-fpIbpw sNbvXp (CXv hm-bpsS Cw]mIvv).
Abpw aI\pw Ctm Xmevm-en-I-ambn e`n
hmSI hon-em-Wv. Apw aI\pw Ib-dnn-S-m
HcnSw Inn-bXv \-Im-cyw. Bcpw AXns\ Xffndbp-n-. ]s, Cu {]iv\w Dbp Ghpw
ASn-m\]c-amb Hcp cmjv{Sob tNmZy-ap-v. Ib-dnn-S-m Hcp Iqc-t]m-ep-an-m e-I-W-n-\mfp-I tIc-f-n-ep-v. GsX-nepw Hcp a{n-bpsS
klXm]w sImv ]cn-l-cn-t--XmtWm tIc-fns ]mn-S-{]iv\w? Bhm-k-tbm-Ky-amb 11
ew hoSp-I B Xma-kan-msX Hgnp InSp-p-v. AtX kabw 7 e-tmfw t]v
An-bp-d-m-\n-S-an-. \h-tI-c-f-n Ch-cpsS
m\w Fhn-sS-bmWv?
{]IrXn hn`-h- A\--am-sWpw AXpsImv Ah thhn[w {]tbm-P-\-s-Spn cmPyn\v t\hpw em`hpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw Dm-n-sbSp-p--XmWv icn-bmb Bkq{X-W-sa-papXv
\ntbm-m-kn- km-nI Zi-\-am-Wv. em`n A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cu `cWw a\p-jys\ `b-c22

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

sImn-tLm-jn-s
- tIcf tamU
hnI-k\w h {]Xn-k
- n-bn-em-Wv.
[\nIZ-cn{Z hn`m-K-nse hnShv `oa-amb
hn[-n IqSnsmn-cnpp.
BtKmf aqe-[\
-
- ns \mtim-pJ
hnI-k\w 56% Zcn-{Zsc krjvSnp Ignp. Av ]Xn-m-n-tesd amdn amdn
`cn CSXv heXv ap-Wn-I-fpsS hnIk\ {]h-\- CX-c- kw-m-\sf B{i-bnv Pohn-t KXn-sI
Ah-b
- n-tev tIc-fs Fnp.
kpw hn`-h
- fpw A[n-Im-c
- fpw
GXm\pw Nne-cpsS ssII-fn tI{o-I-cnp-Ibpw Ah ]d-bp-Xpw \S-n-empXpamWv hnI-k\sa hnizmkw
s]mXp kaq-l-n hym]n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.

ln-X-amb a-c-n-te-pw- Nq-j-W-n-tepw

Iogvs-Sp-p--Xntep \bnpw. a\p-jy-s\- `n-nnv \nn Itmfs in-s-Sp-p-I-sb
tIm-tdv X{w \S-n-em-m "\h-tI-cf'
_pnPohn-Ifpw Bkq-{X-W-hn-Z-Kv[cpw sSIvt\m{Im-p-Ifpw ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs ]nn AWn-\ncv Ign-p. 45 ao hoXn-bn tIc-f-nse
tZinb ]mX-I hnI-kn-n-p Imcy-n C\n
N-bn FmWv apJy-a{n {]Jym-]n-n-cn-p-Xv. Cu Xocp-am\w tIm-td-p-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv, apJy-a{n-bp-tS-X-. Xocp-am\w \S-n-em-m `c-W-Iq-Sns Bbp-[- th-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-m
t\XrXzw \Ip-I-sb cmjv{Sob ZuXyw \nd-thm DNm-n-tb-m Icp- ]nW-dmbn hnPb-\m-sWv \h-en-_-d [-\-Imcy aqe-[-\-i-nIfpw dnb Ftv am^n-b-bpw icn-bmbn a\-nem-n-bn-p-v. ]mX-tbm-c-sf B{i-bnv PohnXw
sIn-sm-pI FXv a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-c-ns
Hcp {][m\ khn-ti-j-bm-Wv. hgn-tbm-c--fn \qmp-I-fn-eqsS sInsm-nb e-W-n-\m-fp-IfpsS Pohn-X-amWv GtXm tIm-tdv `oa-\p-thn
ASnv XIm Icp- \op-Xv. Cc-I-fpsS
\jvS-n\pw thZ-\pw \h-tI-c-f-n m\-an-.
s]mXp-kz-Imcy ]m-fn ]-Xn-I-fpsS \h-tI-cfw
sIn--Sp-m AP--I Xm-dm-hp-I-bm-Wv. P\-fpsS \nIpXn Dmhpw, {]IrXn hn`-h-fpw
`qanbpw s]mXp-ta-J-em-_m-pI-fnse \nt-]hpw
tIm-td-p-Iv ssIamdn tIc-fs kz-amp-sav `c-W-h-ambn A[-x]-Xn kn]nFw Xocpam-\npIgn-p. tIc-f-ns hn`-h-km-[yXIsf
kw_-n [mcWItfm, ]mcn-n-XnI koX-Itfm, sXmgnepw InS-m-Shpw \jvSs-Sp-tXm
]cn-K-W-\m-hn-jbf-.
sIm-tImf, s]-]vkn, F-FPn,- hnam-\-mh-f-, hngn-w, -Np--m-X, AXn-th-K-]mX, Sm,
lmcn-k, t]m_vk Fo tIm-td-p-I
I-S-n-bn-cn-p e-W-n\v slIvS `qan,
17000 Icn-Izmdn-I, ]n-a-L--ns XI,
hnZym-`ymkNnIn-`nI--h-Sw, If-f--w,
kz--S-v, kv{XoIv t\sc-bp-ff IS-m-{I-aW-, ]en-i-am-^nbmcpsS ]nSn-bn-e-av Bl-Xy-bn-se-p- IpSpw-_-, XpS-nb Zpc--fpsS Xoq-fI tIc-f-s `kva-am-p-I-bm-Wv.
AXyyw Kpcp-X-c-amb Cu k`-n, CubnsS
Xriq-cn Hcp skan-\m-dn ]s-Spv sImv
{]apJ ]cn-nXn {]hI ta[m ]Sv Dbn tNmZy-n\v Gsd {]kvI-Xn-bp-v. CXm-bncpp Ah-cpsS tNmZyw: Aw_m-\n-am-tcbpw AZm-\nam-scbpw tIc-f-n-tev {]th-in-n-n-s Xocpam-\-sa-Sp-m CSXp]-n\v Ign-bptam? C
F- D--c-n-\m-Wv kmy-X.-P-\-Iob ka-c--fneqsS Dbv hcp _Z-ep-Iv am{Xta Cu
tNmZy-n\v Dcw krjvSn-m-\-mhq. AXn\v
thn-bp-ff cmjv{Sob ka-c--fmWv hcpw \mfp-Ifn in-s-tS--Xv.

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

tXmakv amXyp

Pnj-sb-tmse ]pd-tm-p-I-fn Ign-bp InSmSw t]mep-an-m ay tXmw sXmgn-em-fnIfps-sS-bp `qc-ln-X -sXm-gn-em-fn -hn-`m-Kpw `qan-bnepw kznepw DS-a--X-bn-m
Chn-Sps P\m-[n-]Xyw s]m-bm-Wv. hnI-k\w
ChnsS Aiq-\yhpw ]cn-nXn hncphpw P\hn-cp-h
-- p-am-Wv. ^mkn-k-n\pw PoW apX-em-fn-n-\p-sa-Xn-cmbn \oXn-bp--amb hnI-k-\-]mXbn
tIc-f-am-Xr-I- DS-p-hm- (reconstruction) Bbncn-Ww \psS eyw. `qanbpw kzpw Fmhpw Dd-p-hcp-p P\m[n]Xy am\-hnI aqeyp thn-bp tZiob Iqm-bva-bm-Wv Dcp-ncntb-Xv. kmaq-ly-\o-Xn -t]m-cm--fpw ^mknv
IS-m-{I-a-W-s-Xn-cmb sNdp-p-\nv ka-cfpw Iqn-bn-Wn sXmgn-em-fn-h cmjv{So-bhpw
kmwkvIm-cnI hnh tNX-\bpw ka-\z-bn-n-p-Xn-\p {ia-fmWv Bcw-`nt-Xv.
HIvtSm-_ hn-h-ns \qdmw hmjnIhpw
\Ivk_mcn-bpsSbpw ZfnXv ]mt-gvknsbpw 50mw hmjnIhpw Hcp `mKv Hmn-s-Sp-tm,
adp-`m-Kv _m_m kmtl_v Awt_-Zv-dpsS 125mw P-Zn-\hpw Cy `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS hmjnIhpw \oXn \ntj-[-nsbpw BtKm-f -^m-kn-knsbpw _nw_--fm-m `c-W-hw {ian-p-Ibm-Wv. Zt_mdpw A^vkKp-cphpw
tIm{Kkv `c-W-Im-emWv sIm-s-sX-n
bmq_v saa\pw ]kmscbpw I_pKnbpw
_nsP]n `c-W-nemWv sIm-s-Xv. hnZym`ymkIem-kmwkvIm-cnI cwK--fn-ep-ap m]-\ am{X-a IpSn-shhpw hnZym-`ymkw sXmv
ssk\n-I-ta-J-e hsc km{am-Py-aq-e-[-\-i-n-Iv
ASn-bdshn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
ASn-m-\-h cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-c-amWv kmaqly-\o-Xnbpw hnI-k-\hpw Dd-p-h-cp-m\p amsav hy-am-W-tm. tIc-f-w ssIh-cn--Xmbn ]dbp t\- IpI aqe-[-\-n-s ASn--dbn cq]-s--X-. \oXnbvpw a\p-jy-Xz-n\pw
an\pw thn-bp F-a t]mcm---fn ASnm\ P\-hn-`m-K- t\Sn-b-XmWv Chn-Sps

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

"Pnkv t^m Pnj'bn \nv

\oXn-jT
v amb hnI-k\
-
- n-tevv
kmaq-lnI hnI-k\ kqNn-I-I.
ASn-m-\-hK-p `qan-bn DS-a--X-bnmsX temI-sm-cn-Spw hnI-k\w kmy-am-bn-n. Irjn-`q-an tZi-km-c-Whpw ImjnI -P-\-hn`m-K--fpsS Iqp-Ir-jn-bp-amWv tUm. Awt_-Zv
hn`m-h\w sNbvX-Xv. _p-[ kwL-tN-X-\bpsm {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns {]m-\-amWn-hnsS kmaqly km-nI kmwkvIm-cnI
apt--ns _oPm-hm]w sNbvX-Xv.
1957 se `q\n-b-a-n\pw hnZym-`ymk \nb-an\pw XS-bn-Sm hntam-N-\-k-acw \S-n-b-tm
Xs-bmWv s\lvdp-hns tI{ Khsa v
Imm Ite- dntmv (]n-tmv h kwhc-Ww) \S-m-msX kwm-\-bXpw
cmw ]-Xn-bpsS ]ptcm-K-a\ amXrI Dt]-n-Xpw.
"CyssN\ `mbn`mbnbpw ]-io-e-X-Xzfpw Iyq-Wp-I-fpsS hnI-em-\p-I-c-W-amb IyqWnn sUh-e-]vsa v t{]m{Kmapw cmw ]-Xnbnse al-et\m-_nkv tamUepw Dt]-n-p-Xpw
tIc-f-n Iyq-Wnv `cWw Xp-S-bvp--tXmsSm--am-Wv. m\nwKv Io-js am\ntZi-\p-k-cnv sImp-h `q\n-baw t]mepw hfsc-b-[nIw shw tNv 1970 Ap-X-ta-t\m
Khsans ImemWv \S-m-n-b-Xv.
\Ivk_mcn apt--ns tij-am-Wn-sXpw
\ap-d
- n-bmw.
sXmgn-em-fn-hK kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-ns
Ae-b-Sn-I temI-amsI hym]n-p-Ibpw
\Ivk_mcn {]m\w Cy-bmsI ]S-cp-Ibpw
sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-Ws t\XrXz-n-ep kqW hn-h-[m-c-bn IqSn-tN-cpIbpw sNbvX-tm-gmWv Cy skan^mknv
Fp \ hne-bn-cp-nb `c-W-IqS kz`m-h-nse-n-b-Xv. (1975 FaPkn)
hnb-v\m-ans hntam-N-\-n-\p-tijw ssN\
apX-em-fn--n\v hmXn XpdXv hntZ-i-aq-e-[\
IS-m-{I-a-W-n\p hgn-a-cp-n-Sp-I-bp-ap-m-bn. hnb-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

23

v\m-anse Xncn--Snbpw Hmbn ss{Iknkpw mv

]mtgvkv D-sS-bp ]pXnb CS-Xp-{]-Xn-tcm-[fpw t\cntmgmWv IpI apX-em-fnw aqe[\ "dosem-t-j' (relocation of capital) ssN\bp-sS-bp cm-Py--fn \S-n-b-Xv. hnI-kn-X tem-Iv A]-hy-h-kmbhXvI-c-Whpw (deindustrialisation), Acm-jvSobhXvI-cW(depoliticisation)n\pw eyw hmWv km{am-PyXz
BtKm-fo-I-cWw 1990 Ifn-em-cw-`n--Xv.
ASn-b--cm-h-p tijw h P\-Xm-]mn
(1977-80) aWvU Io-j \nb-an-s-nepw
tIm{K-kns Xncn-p-h-c-hp-aqew \S-m-msX
t]mbn. ]ntm h--fpsS cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-cn-eq-nb _lp-P\ cmjv{So-b-[m-cbpw 80 Ifn
in-sp. IpI hncp PmXn hncp t]mcm--tfm-sSmw Bi-b-k-a-c- kmwkvIm-cnI hnh-ns Axkbpw {]tbm-Km-\p-`-h-fpw
kzmwio-I-cn-p-Ibpw, _p-]m-c--cy-n \nv
B[p-\n-I -Im-ev cmlp kmw{In-n-bm-b-\nepw
sImkmw-_n-bnepw, almm ^qteAwt_Zvs]cn-bm\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hnepw IqSn Dun-hfnb kmaq-ly -hn--h-[m-c-bn ka-\z-bn-p-Ibpmbn.
aWvU-en-s\-Xn-cmbn an bm{X \Sn akvPnZv
XIm-\n-d-nb AZzm-\nsb _olm-dn XS
Khsans\ An-a-dn--Xn\p tij-amWv \c-knw-ldmhp BtKm-f-hrX km{am-Py-Xz-ns `mK-amIp--Xv. km{am-PyXz "Pq\n-b ]mSvWjnv' Dd-nm thn-bm-Wtm _m_vdn akvPnZv XI-Xv.
]ntm h--fpsS sFIyw XIp--Xn\v
_m_vdn akvPnZv XI eyw hn-cp-s-n
s\lvdp-hn-b hnI-k\ amXr-I-bneqmbncp
24

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

]pd-tm-p-If
- n Xma-kn-p-h
- ,
CXc kw-m\ sXmgn-em-fn-I Fnhpw ]pc-bn-Shpw hoSpw Dd-p-h-cp-Ww. Ip-\mSv {]tZ-ia
- p-sS-bp
s\h-b {]tZ-i- `qc-lnX IjI-cpsSbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsSbpw kl-Ic-W- kw-L-fpsS DS-a--X-bn Irjn
\S--Ww. tXm-{]-tZ-i--fnse `qan hn`Pn-p-Xp {]mtbm-Kn-Ia
-
-
- X
- n-\m
`qc-ln-X- s
- Xm-gn-emfn hn`m-K
- f
- psS Iqp-Sa-X
- b
- n-ep I-\n-If
- m-W
- w. mtj tIm-td-j\
- p-ambn _-s
ktlm-Z-c-m-]-\--fp-sSbpw `qanbpw
`qan-bpsS Ah-Imihpw `qc-ln-X-v
ssIam-dW
- w.

"tahnI-k\-'ns Fm ASn-m-\-fpw
XIp-sIm-mWv Cy-bnse Ip-I-aq-e-[\w
BtKmf `c-W-IqS IpI aqe-[-\-n ebn-p-Xv. shs^-b tv, ]nIv skIvS, At{K-dnb dnt^mw, ]nIv Csh-vsa v, tkmjy
skIyq-cn-n, ^pUv skIyq-cnn, slv sIb,
FUyq-t-j Ch-sbmw Dt]-n-v Cy Ata-cn-bpsS Pq\n-b ]mSvW Bhp-I-bm-Wv.
^mkn-k-ns sskm-nI ASn-d a\phm-Zhpw {_m-Wn-k-hp-am-sW-p ImgvNmSv
Awt_-Zv-dp-tS-Xm-Wv. ssN\okv hn-h-n-sbpw
{]tXy-Inv kmwkvIm-cnI hn-h-n-sbpw ]mT tUm. Awt_-Zv t\cnv a\-n-em-n-bn-snepw _p-I-`q-an-bn hntam-N-\-co-Xn-im-kv{X {]-tbm-K-n hfp-h N-cn-{Xm-h-t_m-[-amWv
Atl-n-t-Xv. "_pnkw \psS Ncn-{X-nse
hn-h-ambpw {_m-Wnkw {]Xn-hn--h-'ambpamWv
tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xv. Cy Ncn-{X-ns Xs
Ap-Xv _pn-khpw {_m-Wn-khpw Xn-ep
Poh ac-W-t]m-cm--am-Wv. PoW apX-em-fn-nse "t]mv tamtU-Wn'v PoW-X-Ifp-sSbp _unIaqe-[\in-I-fpsS am\-h- \n-tj-[
sh-dnIqp-I AXv ]qW-ambn Xn--d-bp-p.
temI-sXmgn-em-fn-h-ns {]tXyI
tZiob{]mtZ-inI apWnS (vanguard) sb
Iyq-Wnv ]mnsbn-bp se\n-\nv ]cn-Iev]\ Xs-bm-Wv Awt_-Zv-dpsSbpw cmjv{Sob
]mn-sb--n-bp [mc-W. Awt_-Zv m]n
]pXnb _pnv ]-Xn-bn Dun--d-bp Imcyw
]gb _pn-k-n kwL- kzp km-Znncpp-shpw `np-pw km[m-c-W-mpw
Htc \nb-a- _m[-I-am-bncpp-shpamWv. k-hK-n \nv _pn-Po-hn-I Dm-hn-s
Awt_-Zv-dpsS ImgvN-mSv se\n-sbpw {Kmwjn-bpsSbpw Un mknMvs\ (de-classing) ]n-bp ImgvNm-Sp-I-fp-ambn Iqn-hm-bn-t--Xm-Wv. 194851 se
sXe-m\ kac-Im-ev tIc-f-nse ]mn-bnepw
kzp ]mnv \evIn-bn-cp-p-h-tm.
tIc-f-ap-sS-bp Cybnse Fw.-F.
{]m-\-ns thcp-I Ap-anpw Zfn-Xv, BZnhm-kn, ]ntm h--fn Xs-bm-sW-nepw
ASn-m\h ]mc--cy-n-ep ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbn t]mepw {_m-Wn- ^mkn-k-ns ISm-{I-aWw AXoh Kpcp-X-c-am-Wv. Cu ]m--en-emWv "Pnj sIme-]m-X-I'-ns h ]mew a\-n-em-t--Xv. tIc-f-nse \nb-a-hnZymn-bm-bn-cp Pnj sIm-s IpSn-ep-\pnse Nph-cn ssZh--fpsS Nn{X--tfm-sSmw
A_vZp Iem-ans Nn{Xhpw At-l-ns Hcp
kqhpw Dm-bn-cp-p, "_pn-i-n-sImpw
Adn-hp-sImpw Fmw t\Smsa'Xv AXy-m-[p\n-I- Im-es a\p-jy-Xz-\n-tj-[-ns Ghpw
henb Bbp-[-amW.v "hyn-K-X [mn-I-X-imo-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

I-cW
- whnI-k\
- w-hntam-N\
- w tamw' FXv
"hyn _pn-in amK' {]N-cW
- w am{X-am-Wv.
tIc-f-nse P\m-[n-]Xy hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bpw
ASn-m\ hK _lp-P\ kaq-l-ns imoI-c-W-X-ehpw IW-n-se-Sp-p-sIm-mWv PnjbpsS sIme-]m-XIw `c-W-IqS sIme-]m-X-I-amsW \nK-a-\-n-se-p--Xv. D{]-tZ-in aqv
ZfnXv s]Ip-n-Isf _em-wKw sNbvXp-sImv
ac-nsIn Xqn-bmWv 2014 Cy
^mknpI `c-Wm-[n-Imcw BtLm-jn--sX-n
Zt_m, ]kmsc, I_pKn _pn-Po-hnIp-tijw tcmlnXv shap-e-bpsS c-kmnXzhpw Bi-b-cw-Ks hka-c-ns ]pXnb
am\--fn-se-n-sb-n, Pnj-bpsS sIme-]m-X-Iw
Ip-I-ap-X-em-fn--ns PoWnp \mdp kmaqly-^m-knv `c-W-ns _mn ]{X-am-Wv.
Cu kml-N-cy-n-emWv an\pw kzn\pw
hnZym-`ym-k-n\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xnpw hnI-k-\n\pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-n\pw thn-bp t]mcm-n\v \mw Xm-sd-Sp-t-Xv. km{am-PyXz BtKm-fh-cW Imev mn-a-S sImtm-tImf hncp
ka-c-amWv Cu L-nse apJy-ssh-cp-y--fpsS
]ncn-ap-dp-s FSpv ImWn-p--Xv. kacw
AXns Xmm-enI eyw t\Sn-sb-nepw \mi\-jvS- h-hv \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \evIp--Xn\p \nbaw Ign FUn-F^v Khsa v
]mm-n-sb-nepw AXn\v tI{w AwKo-Imcw
\evIn-bn-n-.
ap--bn `qan Ipsdsbms Inn-sb-nepw
ka-c-hp-ambn _-s {Inan-\ tIkp-I XpS-cpI-bm-Wv. sN-d-bn FUn-F^v Khsa v
F{Kn-sa v Dm-n-sb-nepw XocmsX t]mIpp
`qk-a-cw. CXv bYm-n Smbpw tKmb--bpaps h tXm-p--I-I \nb-a-hn-cp--ambn
ssI-Sn hn-cn-p 5 en]cw G `qanbn `qc-ln-Xv Ah-Im-iw t\Sp {]iv\a
- m-Wv.
\ aptmv shbvt BZys
Bhiyw tIc-f-nse Fm `qc-ln-X-Ip-Spw-_pw, `qc-lnX IjI sXmgn-em-fn-hn-`m-K, tXmw sXmgnem-fn-I ay-sXm-gn-em-fn-IfpssS AkwL-SnX kokv taJ-e-I-fn-se-map sXmgn-emfn hn`m-K-pw Irjn-sNbvXp
hoSp-hv Pohn-m-\m-h-iy-amb `qan \evI-WsaXmWv. ]pd-tm-p-I-fn Xma-kn-p--h, CXc
kw-m\ sXmgn-em-fn-I Fn-hpw ]pc-bn-Shpw
hoSpw Dd-p-h-cp--Ww. Ip-\mSv {]tZ-i-ap-sSbp s\h-b {]tZ-i- `qc-lnX Ij-IcpsSbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsSbpw kl-I-c-W- kw-LfpsS DS-a--X-bn Irjn \S--Ww. tXm-{]-tZi--fnse `qan hn`-Pn-p-Xp {]mtbm-Kn-I-a---Xn\m `qc-ln-X--sXm-gn-emfn hn`m-K--fpsS Iqp-S-a-X-bn-ep I-\n-I-fm--Ww. mt-j tIm-

td-j-\p-ambn _-s ktlm-Z-c-m-]-\--fpsSbpw `qanbpw `qan-bpsS Ah-Imihpw `qc-ln-X-v

ssIam-d-Ww.
`c-W-L-S-\m-h-Im-i-amb kuP-\yhpw \n_-nX-hp-amb hnZym-`ymkw sk-dn kXew hsc-sbn-epw Dd-p-h-cp--Ww. ss{]hv kvIq/tImtf-PpI-fn ifw km JP-\m-hn \nv t]mIps-nepw \nb-a\w ss{]hv amt\-Pvsap-I-fmWv
\S-p--Xv. Cu m]-\--fn-se \nb-a-\-
]nFn aptJ-\-bm-p-Ibpw \nb-a-\--fnepw kwhc-W-\n-b-a- \S-m-p-Ibpw thWw. hntZi I\n-I-fpssS kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn-emsI kwh-cWw
\S-n-em--Ww.
km-{XnI kmaqly BtcmKy kpc P\m[n-]-Xy-ns Ahn-`mPyLSIam-Wv. slv
Cjp-dkv km-{Xn-I-am-tI--Xm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk
m]-\-fpw Btcm-Ky-cm m]-\-fpw
DsS kwL-SnX/Akw-L-SnX taJ-em-sXm-gn-emfn-Ipw, {]tXy-Inv `qc-ln-Xcpw sXmgn cln-Xcp-amb `h-\-c-ln-X-cp-amb Awk-L-SnX taJebnep-ff-hpw (a-yw, Ib, tjmv & Fm-njvsa v) Cm-cy-n apK-W\ Bh-iy-am-Wv.
]cn-nXn kwc-n-v, kmaq-ly-kp-c--bn-eqsSbpw \oXn-bp--amb kmaq-ly-hn-I-k\neqsSbpw kmaqly DS-a--X-bn-tev hf-cm sXmgnemfn h _lp-P-\-i-n-I A[n-Im-c-nset--Xpv.
hK-k-a-c-ns Hcp \nWmbI CS-am-Wnv
tIc-f-w. BtKm-f- ^m-kn-k-n-s\-Xn-cmb IS-m{IaW-ns Cybnse "temnwKv ]mUm'
(launching pad) bn \map-b-tc A\n-hm-cy-XbmWv
DXv. F]-Xp-I-fn P\-Iob kmwkvIm-cnI
thZn-bn-eqsS \Ivk_mcn hn-h-ap-t--sf
]p\Pohnn \ Co cmPys sXmgn-emfn
hK _lp-P\ {]m-\-ns Bibka-c-ns
ap\n-c-bm-en-Wv. \Ivk_m-cn-bpsS 50-mw hmjnI-n CS-Xp-] _lp-P\in-Ip-nse
Bi-b-kw-hm-Z- Iqmb t]mcm---fn Imnp-dpn, P\-Iob P\m-[n-]-Xym-h-Imi ka-c--fneq-sS km{am-PyXz ^mkn-k-ns Zm-f-m-cpsS
PmXnapX-em-fn PoWhyh Dq-e\w
sNbvXp-sImv hntam-N-\-n-tev aptdpIXs
thWw.

hcn-m-cpsS {ibvv
hcn-kwJy IpSn-inIbp-h F-{Xbpw thKw
kJm-hns hnem--k-n Fw.-H. ASv ]pXp-W-sav A`yn-p-p.
amt\-P

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25

A-k F.

tIcfns hnIk\ Ncn{Xnse ZpcfpsS ImcWat\zjnpIbmWv "InmSw' F

kn\na. AXv Hcp]t PnjamcpsS PohnX
Zpcns ImcWhpw At\zjnppv.
`q]cnjvIcWneqsS Hmcms IjIcpsS
{]tXyInv an ]WnsbSpphcpsS PohnXw.
"hnIk\w' hcptm, BImitKm]pcfpbcptm AXn\v Iqp\nevphcmbnv Cu a\pjysc Xs D]tbmKnp D]cnh cm{obamWv kn\na ]dbm {ianpXv. aqv sk v
hoXw hcp tImf\nbntev BcmWv Cu a\pjysc BnmbnXv ? Ahscs\bmWv ]WnbnmhcmbXv. Dsn Xs XSn anSppw
Nqhpw sImv am{Xta ]pecm Ignbq FmcmWv Ahsc HmnnXv ? As\ ]nSnv
\nevm Ignbmh ISnIfnepw sdbn
]mffnepambn AcnIphXvIcnsp. Cu
a\pjysc Xs AhcpsS hs Hgnnm
D]tbmKn X{s Fs\bmWv
hntijnnpI.
"InmS'nse hbekv KpI sNpXmWv, Asn Ahscsmv sNnpXmWv. KpIfpsS A{Iaw am{Xta \mw PohnXnepw ImWppq. Cu hyhIp
A{IaclnXamb `oIcXsb \mw ImWpn. AXv
kn\nabpw Hcp ]t A{Ukv sNpn FmWv
a\nemtXv. KwKsb sImpXns
t]cnemWv IrjvW Bims\ sImpXv.
AmsX Xsfsmv C{Xam{Xw {IqcXI
sNnXn\, AXns ^ew A\p`hnpXn\.
26

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

hnIk\ Ncn{Xns hnai\w

B Hcp Xncndnhv Cu kn\na Xcpn Fv
thWw IcpXm. hyn]camb {]XnImc IYbmbn
kn\na XocpIbmWpmbXv.
kn\nabn ]ebnSfnembn hoSv \nevp
]cnkcw amn hcbvsSpXmbn ImWm
Ignbpw. IpnI HmSn\S ]dpIfpw apw
appthenI sImv XncnsXmbn ]noSv
aXnepInSbneqsSbp sNdnb hgnIfmsbms AhcpsS PohnX Npp]mSv amdn hcpXv
ImWm Ignbppv. Hcp \Kcw sInS
sImpw ^vfmpI sImpw hnIknptm
AhnsS Pohnncp a\pjysmWv ]nbXv ?
AhschnsSbmWv Fsmsbp DXvWvTI
Cu kn\na ]v hbvppv. IrjnWn
sNbvXncph AhcpsS a Imhn\pw
abpacpn\pw ASnaIfmbn. Nne sImtj
KpIfmbn, \KchXvIcWns NpIfpw
CcIfpambn amdn. hoSpw sXmgnepw \sh
s]t{Sm ]pIfnepw sSIvkvss tjmpIfnepw AkwLSnXcmbn Xp hcpam\n\v
tPmen sNphcmbn. Dbv s]mnb sInSnSbn `qan XncndnbmsX Amfnv
\nphcmbn Hcp P\X amdnocpp.
kn\nabnsemcnSv _metbpw KwKbptSbpw
A cm{Xnbn tdmUn\v AcnIn \nevp Hcp
tjmpv. CXv ]gb P\XbpsS ssZ\yw A\p`hnnm Ignbp Hcp `mKambncpp. ]t
Acw Imcyv kn\nabn {i InmsX
t]mIppv. Acw Imcy kn\nasb anI
krn Bpambncpp. `qan Bscmstbm

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tNv shnapdnsSptm \mn \nv

A\yhXvIcnshcpsS ssZ\yw AhXcnnm
kn\nabvv IgnbmsX t]mIpp. KpIfpsS
{IqcXIfpsS kqva `mhw t]mepw shfnhmm
{ianp kn\na AXv sNnphcpsS AlnwkmIamb {IqcXsb Ipdnv \namIptXmsSmw Ccw \nlmbamb \nanjfpsS
{]m[m\ys AhKWnpIbpw sNpp.
]pdtmn Irjn sNbvXXn\mWv BZyw
kwLjw XpSpXv. Fs\bmWv Irjn
sNbvXv sImncphv Irjn `qan \sXv?
AXn\v `q]cnjvIcWtmfsanepw ]ndtImv
\SWw. ]t Acw ImcWfntev kn\na
t]mIpnsnepw Irjn`qan kzambn Fv
]dbm {ianpXneqsS kn\na `cWIqS
kwhn[m\s, `cW hv Hmi
sNp CSXpheXp apWnIsf {]XntNpp Fv ISv hmbnmhpXmWv. Irjn
sNbvXpsImncphv `qan \sXpw av
sXmgnepIfntespXnse ]pXnb XeapdbpsS Ignhnmbvabpw IqsS tNmWv `qanbnmXmIentepw `qanbn \nv Xs CmXmIentepw Ahsc FnXv. Hcp P\ kaqlns
Xntcm[m\s ZriyhXvIcnpXn\v thnbmbncnWw cv {][m\ IYm]m{Xss tKm{X
P\XbpsS sFUnnbntev ]XoIcnXv.
hnIk\ns ^eambn CmXmIp Hcp
P\hns {]Xn\n[nbmbn Ah amdpIbmbncpp. ]t BcmWv Xsf CmXmpXv
Fv Ah Ahkm\w hsc Xncndnbpn.
hyn]camb {]iv\fmbn A[nImc Xmev]cyfmbn am{Xta Ah a\nemppq. AXpXsbmWv kn\nabpw sNpXv. _mes\
sImpXv tPmWnbmsWv ]dbpIbpw AXns\Xnsc KwKbpw Iqcpw {]XnImcw sNpIbpw
sNppv. Fm _mes\ CmXmtXv
dnb Fkvtv am^nbbpsS Xs Bhiyambncpp FXv kn\na shfnsSpmsX
hyn]camb {]XnImcamn Ahkm\nnpp.
InmSw Hcp IhS kn\na am{XamtWm?
hnIk\n\v ]nnse bmYmyhpw AXns
]cnlmcambp P\hn`mKfpsS tbmPnpw
ImWnv Xtc kn\na Fs\bmWv D]cnXe
kv]inbmbn HXpnbXv. Hcp Xmc \mbI\pXv
sIm InmSw Hcp IhS kn\nabmIpXv-.
kmaqly bmYmysf hyn]campIbpw
hyn]camb ]cnlmc \ntinpIbpw
sNpXv sImmWv Hcp kn\na IhSamIpXv.
hynI Xnep {]XnImcambn XotcXmtWm tIcfns hnIk\ Ncn{Xw? Hcp
kpc\mims\ sImptmtgm PnjbpsS
sIme]mXInsb Xqnsmptmtgm a\pjycpsS
PohnXZpcnXv ]cnlmcamIpsa ImgvNmSv
BizmkIcamWv. ]t ZpcnXw A\p`hnphcpsS `mhn Atmgpw Ccpv Xsbmbncnpw.

ZpcnXfpsS hyn]chpw kaqlyhpamb

ImcWsf XncndnbpIbpw amnopIbpw
sNbvXv sImv am{Xta ]cnlmcapmhpIbpq.
PmXobamb AhiXIsf PmXn A`nam\neqsS ]cnlcnmsaXpw hymtamlw am{XamWv. AXv NqjnXsc hnm\p A[nImc
h ]Xn am{XamWv. InmSnse a\pjy
PmXnaX thenspIfnmsXbmWv IgnncpXv. ]t Ah Hcpanv \nXv A[nImc
hn\v thn Bbncpp Fv Xncndnbm
sshIntmbn. Hcp ]t InmSnse
a\pjy XfpsS sXpI am{Xta Xncndnpq FXmWv hmkvXhw.
dnb Fkv-tv am^nbbvv thn Xsf
t]mepffhscbmWv IpSnbndnbXv Fpw
Ahcnv sImXpIp ISnsImv hgnhn
InSpIbmsWv ]dbppsnepw AXn\v
ImcWamb A[nImc cm{obns Xo{hX
XncndnbpXnt\m ]cnlmcw ImWpXnt\m
{iafpmIpn. \mSphnpw av tPmenIfntespw hyn]camb ]cnlmc am{XamWv
\SpXv. CXn\nSbn KwKsbtmse Acw
]cnlmcpw tijnbnmh \Kcns
Hmcv Incnv InStn hcpw. Cu
koamb {]iv\s kv]inpXnt\m
NqjnX ka{KXbn Hnp ]cnlmc
\ntZint\m IgnbmsX asm IhS
kn\naIfntebpw t]mse hyn]camb {]XnImcambn kn\na amdpp. Atmgpw \KchXvIcWneqsS \mSpw hoSpw \sh _
\sh hnIk\ns tdmUpapdnv ISm
IgnbmsX Amfnv \nevppv.
Fm av IhS kn\naIfn \nv
hyXykvXambn ZfnXcpw av Ahi hn`mKfpw
tI{ m\v hcpp, AhcpsS kvt\l
_fpw hntbmPnpIfpw N sNpp
FsXms InmSs amn \nppapv.
`qansb cv skpw aqv skpamn Xncnv
IhSw sNptm AhnsS Pohnp
a\pjycpw av PohnIfpsams Fv sNpw.
a\pjyschnsS t]mIpsa DXvWvT kn\na ]v
hbvppv. ^vfmpIfpw tdmUpIfpambn Cu
`qan dnb Fkv-tv `oaam AfsSpptm
a\pjy Xnep _pw AhcpsS
PohnXn\pw FamWpXv? hnIk\w
Fv sImntLmjnp antbpw a\pjycptSbpw IhSw sImv BmWv
KpWapmbnpXv?
anse hosSms hnv A[nImcnhw
Ctm BImimWv XmaknpXv. Cu
A[nImcnhn\msX P\v Hcp
KpWhpw Cu hnIk\w sImv e`nnn F
bmYmyw (Hcp]mSv ]cn-an-Xn-InSbnepw) Hcp
thZ\bmbn Cu kn\na sImphcppv.

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27

kmhtZiobw

]n.-sP.-sP-bnwkv

bqtdm-nse
cm-asbpw temIs Ama-sbpw km-nI in-bmb
{_n ]pd-tp t]mIp-tm
Ahn-Nm-cn-Xhpw hni-Zo-I-cn-m-\mhm--Xp-amb {]tl-fn-I-bm-bn-mWv
tIm-tdv am[y-a- AXns\
hne-bn-cp-p--Xv. Fm cmw
temI- b p- m- \ - cw Ata- c n-
t\Xr-Xz-n Bhn-jvI-cn--s
km{am-Py-Xz-ns ]p A[n\n-thi{Ia-sbpw ^n\mkv aqe[- \ - ns Ne- \ - { I- a - - s fbpw
\nnjvT Ncn{X kml-N-cy--fpambn _-s-Spn ]cn-tim-[nm H-Zn-hkw sImp-mb Hcp
{]Xn-`m-k-a Ctm-g-t-sXp
a\-n-em-Ipw. cmw temI-bpw
]gb coXn-bn-ep tImf\nhc-W-n\v hncmaw C-Sp-Ibpw A]tImf-\o-I-c-W-n-eqsS ]p
tImf- \ n- h - c - W - n- t ep
\om km{am-Py-Xzs \n_n- X - a m- p- I bpw sNbv X - t m
temIm- [ n- ] - X y- n- t ep h
Ata-cn "ioX-bpw' sI-gn-p-hnp-sImv tkmhn-bv bqWn-b\pw

28

tkmjy-en-k-n-\p-sa-Xnsc
aptmp h-Xn-s\mw bqtdm-n
tkmjy-env apt-- Ah-km\n-n-p--Xn\pw bqtdm-]y cmPy-sf-bm-Ia
- m\w temI-ap-Xe
- m-fn-n\p Iogn Dd-n-p-\np-Xn\pw apssI FSp-p. "amj
]Xn' F t]cn Zi-e--W-n\p tImSn tUmf bqtdm-nte-sm-gp-p-Ibpw bpw aqew
XIp-t]mb bqtdm-]y cmPysf bqtdm- ] y km- nI
kaq-l-sapw bqtdm-]y s]mXphn-]-Wn-sb t]cnepw apw ]p\xkw-L-Sn-n-m t\XrXzw sImSpp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv Hcp
`mKv Ata-cn--bpsS aqe-[-\-\nt]w ]e- a - S v hn- n- pIbpw adp-`m-Kv Hcp GIo-IrX
apX- e m- f n tIm- b mbn bqtdmns\ \ne-\np-Ibpw sNbvXp.
\mtm-sb ssk\n-I-kJyw cq]oI-cn-p-sImv tkmhn-bv bqWn-bs\-Xnsc apX-em-fn bqtdm-n-\mh-iy-amb ssk\nI IhNw HcppIbpw sNbvXp. 1990 IfpsS XpS-n s_en aXn XI-cp-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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"s{_Ivknv'eqsS

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

"s{_Ivknv'
\h-en-_-d-enkns krjvSn
Ibpw tkmhn-bv bqWn-bs ]X\-tm-sSmw AXns D]-{K-l-fmb Ing- bqtdm-]y cmPy ]eXpw apX-em-fn bqtdmns `mK- a m- I p- I bpw \h- D - Z m- c \bw B[n- ] - X y- n- t ep hcnIbpw sNbvX k`-n-emWv 28
cmPy- tNv bqtdm-]y bqWnb 1993 Hu]-Nm-cn-Ia
- mbn \nehn h-X.v
hmkv X - h - n, ^n\mkv
aqe-[-\-ns AJn-e -bq-tdm-]y
(pan-European) Xmev ] cyfn
\nv Bdp Zim-_vZ-p apv
Bcw-`nv \h-D-Zm-c-\-b--fn-eqsS
IqSp-X DZv{K-Yn {]{Inb apX-emfn hyh t\cn-p-sIm-n-cnp AXoh Kpcp-X-c-amb ham\ {]Xn-k-n-bpsS ]m--en XpSp t]mIn-s
bmYmy-amWv s{_Ivkn-n-eqsS
Ctm A\m-hc
- Ww sN-s-Sp-Xv. tkmjy-en-k-n-s\-Xnsc Hcp
{]Xy-b-imkv{X Bbp-[-ambn sIbv\o-jy ta-cmjv{Sw hn`m-h\w
sNbvXp-sImpw Dev]m-Z\
sXmgn taJ-e-I hnI-kn-n-p-

kvXn ]nSnp ]nb Xm-dpsS NphSp-]n-Snv a[yCSXp ]-sa--dn-bs- n- c p te_ ]mn a[y
heXpw {ItaW Xpd he-Xp-]
- hp- a mbn ]cn- W - a n- p. IpSn- t b- ms-Xnsc I-i-\amb \nba- \ne-hn hp. _en
aXn- e ns XI apX- e m- f n
bqtdm-n-s\--n-bp `c-W-h
hymtam- l - v in]- I - c pIbpw Ing- P-\n-bn
\np IqenIpd Azm-\tijnsb apX- e mn P\n
bqtdm-]y "]hlukm'bn ins-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtX-k-a-bw,
\h-D-Zm-c-\-b- Fm-bn-Spw
in-s--tXmsS Dev]m-Z-\-ta-J-eIsf At]-nv s]sv kp
kam-lc
- n-m-hp dnb Ftv
Dul [\-Imcy taJ-e-I-fn-tev
tIm- t dv aqe- [ \w tNt- d n.
sXmgn-en-mbva s]cp-In. sXmgn-emfn-I-fp-sSbpw hnime P\-hn-`m-K-fp- s Sbpw IpSn- t b- - m- c p- s Sbpw
PohnXw Zp-l-am-bn. bqtdm-]y
bqWn-b-\nse Zp_e In-Ifmb
{Kokv , ssk{]- k v , t]mp- K ,
kvs]bn XpS-nb cmPy- ISs-Wn-bn-em-Ip-Ibpw {][m-\a
- mbpw
P-\n-bpsS \nb-{-W-n-ep
bqtdm-]y _mp-I-fpsSbpw [\Im- c y- t Im- t d- j - \ p- I - f p- s Sbpw
kthm-]cn sFFw-F-^n-sbpw
B{in-X-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
2007 08 `h-\-hmbv]m {]Xnk- n- b n- e q- s Sbpw hmkv { Sov
XI-bn-eq-sSbpw Ata-cn--bn-emcw- ` nv temI- s apw ]Sv
temIs cm-as apX-em-fn
in- b mb ssN\sb ASw
_m[n km-nI {]Xn-kn
cmPy-f
- psS ""IS-{]-Xn-kn'' (sovereign debt crisis) F t]cn Ghp-a[
- nIw De-Xv bqtdm-]y bqWnb-s\-bm-sWp ImWmw. as-m-bnS- p- s a- - t ]m- s e, ""Dt- P I
]mt-Pp-I'' (stimulus packages)
F t]cn {Sney IW-n\p
(Hcp {Sney = ew tImSn)
bqtdm-bmWv tIm-tdv Ip-I-Ifn-te-sm-gp-n-b-Xv. CXns `mcw
apgph sXmgn-em-fnIfpw Azm-\np _lp-P-\-fpw t]tdn

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

sImpw sXmgn- e m- f n- I pw
Azm- \ n- p ]miz- h IrX
hn`m-K-pw P\m-[n-]-Xym-h-Imi- hmKvZm\w sNbvXp-sImpw
]e bqtdm- ] y cmPy- - f nepw
kv{XoIp thm-h-Imiw Dd-mn- s mpw (D- Z m- l - c - W - n\v
{^p hn- h - ns \mSmb
{^mkn 1945 am{X- a mWv
kv{XoIv thm-h-Imiw Dd-mb-Xv) cmw temI-bp-m-\
- c
- a
- p
Im \q-mp-Imew apX-em-fnw
{]t]n "kphW-bpK'ns
Ncn-{X-k-`-n-emWv GIo-IrX
apX-em-fn bqtdmv F Bibw
bqtdm- ] y ^n\mkv Ip- I Ifpw `c-W-h-fpw m]n-sSp--Xv. Cm-e-b-f-hn, Ata-cnbqtdm-]y ^n\mkv IpI-I bqtdm-]y sXmgn-emfn hsbpw temI P\-X-sbbpw hnt[b- a m- nb sImbpw kp
kam-lc
- W
- hpw ta-cm-jv{S-ns
apJw aqSn-p-n hnZ-Kv[-ambn ad-s-p. tIm-tdvBZm-b-\n-IpXn-Ifpw `c-W-Iq-S-ns kmaq-lys-e-hp-Ifpw Ctmgpw Dbp
\np kvImn-t\-hn-b cmPy-fm-Is amXrIm ta-cm-jv{S-fmbn sImm-Ss
- -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Fm Hcp \yq\-]
-
- nepw
{]tXyI tI{--fnepw kp
tI{o-Ic
- n-p-Ibpw _lp-`q-cn-]
- sbpw ]m-co-I-cn-p-I-bp-sa
aqe-[-\-ns A\n-hm-cy-\n-b-afpw P\--fpsS {Ib-ti-jn-bn-mbvabpw em`-\n-c
- nse CSnhpw Fgp]-Xp-I-tfmsS ta-cmjv{Sw Ipgn-paq-Sm apX-em-fn-s t{]cn-n-p.
{]Xy-b-imkv{X--cm-jv{Sob cwK-fn CS-Xp-]--n-\p-mb Zu_eysf apX-emnb Ip{]-kn-amb Xm-dpsS \b- CXn\p
in-]I
- c
- p-Ibpw Xm-dnkw bqtdm]y `c-W-h--fpsS {]Xy-b-imkv{X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. sXmgn-emfn-I-fp-sSbpw hnime P\-hn-`m-K-fp-sSbpw ta-]--Xn-Ifpw P\m-[n]- X ym- h - I m- i - fpw {_n- \ nepw
bqtdm-]y cmPy-f
- nepw IhsSp--s-p. sXmgn-emfn {]tm-`sf Dcp-p-ap-jvSn-sImv ASn-an "Dcpp h\nX'sb {]i-

hp. P\-nS-bnepw {]tZ-i Xn- e p Ak- a - X z-

A`q-X-]q-am-bn. CXns `mKambn bqtdm-]y bqWn-bs Npph cmPy- AYhm Zp_-e-In-I F-dn-b-s-h ]m-cm-btm {_n\pw {^mkpw
t]mep "tI{'fn-tepw {]Xnk-n- {ItaW ]-Sp.
bqtdm-]y {]Xn-k
- nsb cqam-p-X
- n \nc-h[n "_mly' LSI-fpw ]p hln-p. \mtmsb D]tbm- K nv Cub- S p Imev
Dss{I-bn-\nepw kao-]-{]-tZ-i-fnepw Ata-cn \S-nb CS-s]-Sep-I bqtdm-n-em-sI-am\w kwLj- krjvSn-p-I-bp-m-bn.
1980 Ifnse A^vKm B{I-a-Wns XpSbmbn Cdm-Jnepw
]n-ta-jy-bn-ep-S-\o-fhpw hSt
B{^n- - b nepw Ata- c n- bpw
bqtdm-]y in-Ifpw \S-nb
sImbpw ssk\n-Im-{I-a-Whpw
Iq-sm-eI
- fpw Ign cp Zim_vZ-n-\p-n 6.5 tImSn a\p-jysc-bmWv A`-bmn-I-fm-n-b-Xv.
bqtdm-ns\ ey-am-n-bp ChcpsS]em- b - \ - n Ign 15
hj- n- \ p- n kv { XoIfpw
Ipp- - f p- a - S w 30000 t]
ay-[-c-Wm-gn-bn am{Xw apn-a-cnp-I-bp-mbn. \h-D-Zmc kmnIssk\nI \b- C{]Imcw bqtdm-n-tev A`q-X-]qamb A`-bmn {]hm-l-n\p
Imc-W-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. X-fpsS
cmjv{Sobkm-nI ssk\nI
\b- Xncp-n-smpw ]p\-c[n-hm-k-]--Xn-I Bhn-jv-cn-psImpw CXn\p ]cn-lmcw ImWm
h-]c
- a
- mb Imc-W
- -fm Xm-dm bqtdm-]y tIm-tdv aqe[-\hpw tIm-tdv am[y-a-fpw
\h- \ m- k n- ^ m- k nv {]m- \ sf Ib-dq-cn-hnv A`-bmn-Isfbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw HXpm-\mWv {ian-p--Xv. CubnsS
{_nojv te_ Fw]n-bm-bn-cp
tPm tImIvkns\ sIme-s-Sp-nb-X-Sw F-a kw`-h- \h^m-kn-khpw Xo{hkp-NnX tZinb
hmZhpw bqtdm-n-em-Iam\w in-sSp-Xns kqN-\-bm-Wv.

sXw Xnd-bpsS P\-hn-cp-X

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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30

n- s bpw tIma am- nsbpw XpS-bmbn 1993 se amkv{Snv DS--Sn-bm \ne-hn hXpw 28 cmPy-fpw 50 tImSn BfpIfpw BtKmf Pn Un ]n bpsS 24
iX- a m\w Dsm- f - f p- - X p- a mb
bqtdm-]y bqWn-b\v AXn-Po-hnm-\m-hm--hn[w AXns BcnI sshcp-y- cq-am-bn-cn-pp. bYm-n bqtdm-]y
bqWn-bs cmjv{Sob km--nI
t\- tI{o-Ic
- n-n-cn-p- Pa\nbpw P\-sf sImf-f-b-Sn-p-Xn AXp-ambn a-cn-p--Xn\v
]cn-an-Xn-I t\cn-Sp {_nojv
tIm-td-p-Ifpw Xn-ep-ff sshcpy-amWv Ctm-gs s{_Ivknns ]nnse LS- I w. Xobmbpw, bqtdm]y tIm-tdv DZv{KY-\-n ]s-Sp-p-sImp t\ap-m-W
- s
- a ]mcpw kPoh-amWv. ChnSbnse sshcp-yn sXmgn-em-fnIfnepw a[y-h-fnepw Cm-tam-t^m_n-b-bpw
IpSn-tb hncp--X-bpw hwio-bt]m-]p-env ap{Zm-hm-Iyfn-eqsS
kn-th-in-nv s{_Ivkn-n-\v A\pIq-ea
- m-n-bX
- mWv lnX-]c
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]cw am{X- a m- W pw KpW- ] - c - a spw Xncn-d
- n-tb-Xpv. FmetX kabw, s{_Ivknv bptdm]y aqe[-\-tI{sf am{X-a,
BtKmf ^n\mkv hyhsb
AmsS sRn-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv.t- emI-sa-p-ap-ff Hmlcn \mWb hn]Wn-I De-bp-I -am-{X-a-, H-Znkhw sImv {Sney IW-n\v
tUmf-dm-Wv tmv am-p-I-fn
\jvS-am-b-Xv. Cubh-k-c-nepw
\mtm-bn {_ns\ ]nSnp \nn
X-fpsS bqtdm-]y ]n-ta-jy
Xmev]-cy- Ddp hcp-m-\mWv
Ata-cn- km{am-Py-Xz-hm-Zn-I
{iaw \S-n-sm-n-cn-p--Xv.
hfsc Npcp-
- n, s{_Ivknn\p ]pdsI s{^Ivknpw ({^mkv)-

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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FSpp ]d- t b asmcp

LSIw hnp hcp "Cm-tamt^m-_nb' BWv. ]n-ta-jy-bnepw
hSt B{^n-b
- nepw kzw aqe[\ Xmev]-cy-mbn Zi-e--W-n\p a\p-jy-sc-bmWv bqtdm]y km{am-Py-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Hm-itbmsS Ata-cn- -sIm-sm-Sp-nb-Xv.-F--a km-cp-Isf Cu
{]{In-b-bn An-a-dn-v kaq-l-sf-bmsI inYn-eo-Ic
- np \mam-ht- ij-am-n. Cu km{am-PyXz APbpsS `mK-ambn Xmen-_m\pw AssJz- Z bpw s_mtm ldmapw
apX sFFkv hsc-bp-ff aX-`oI-c-{]-m-\-sf hfn-sb-Spp. Xmevm-enI D]-tbmKw Ign- t m Ch- s - X nsc Xs
Xncn-p. ASp Imes
bptdm-n-sebpw Ata-cn-b
- n-sebpw
`oI-cm-{I-a-W- CXp-ambn _sp InS-pp. CXns `mK-ambn
Ata-cn--bn {Sw]v apX bqtdmnse \h-\m-kn-I hsc Cmw
hncp-X
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apJ-ap-{Z-bm-n-bn-cn-p-p. kmnI {]Xn- k n cq- a m- I p
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Cn-tm bqtdm-]y bqWnb-\n \npw Hcp lnX-]-cn-tim[\bneqsS {_n ]pdp hcp-Xn-\p-ff cmjv{Sob Xocp-am-\-sa-Spp-tm, AXp {_nojv Ncn-{Xnse Hcp hgn- n- c n- s h- - X ns\mw 2008 apX temI-ap-X-emfnw t\cn- psImncn- p
AXoh Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xn-kn
IqSp-X hn\m-i-Icamb Hcp Xen-tep IS-p--Xns\ AS-bmf-s-Sp-pI IqSn-bmWp sNp-Xv. bqtdm-]y km-nI kaq-l-

s-\vknpw (s\-Xe k
v )v km[y-amIpw-hn[w tZiob kp-NnX hmZw
in- s - S pIbpw bqtdm- n- e mIam\w \nc-h[n cmjv{Sob kwLjv Xncn- s Im- f p- p- I bpw
sNp-tm, bqtdm-]y bqWnb- \ne-hn hXpw AXp inYne- a m- I p- Xpw cp hyXykv X
Ncn{X kml-N-cy-fnse ^n\mkv aqe-[-\-ns Xs Ne-\{I-a--fn-eq-sS-bm-sWp Xncn-dn-hmWv Dm-tI--Xv. CS-Xp-]-ns {]Xy-bi
- mkv{X cmjv{Sob
apt---fp-sSbpw A]-tIm-f-\o-Ic-W-n-sbpw ta-cm-jv{S-nsbpw "kphW-bpK' nsbpw
ioX-bp--n-s-bp-samw Ncn{X
]m- - e - h pw- Xp- S - b p- a mWv
bqtd-]y bqWn-b-\p `uXnI
kml-Ncyw Hcp-n-b-sX-n Chsbmw \h-D-Zm-co-I-c-W-n\p hgnam-dnb h-am-\-L--n bqtdm]y DZv{K-\
-
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km-nI kmwkvIm-cnI LS-I A{]-Xy-a
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kml-Nc
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]nn Ah-k-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambn Cgbp te_ ]mn t]mep- f f
hyhm-]nX In-I-fn \npw
I]S CS-Xp-]
-
- n\npw IpXdn-amdn aqe-[\-hy-hpw \h-DZ- mc- tIm-tdv \b-p-sa-Xnsc
Hcp cmjv{Sob _Z aptm-p-shv
kzX- { - a pssI hfnsbSpm\pw sXmgn-emfn hhpw ]m
iz- h Ir- X - - a Zn- X - h n- ` m- K - fpw
]ptcm- K - a \ P\m- [ n- ] Xy inIfpsam- a - S - p Hcp ]pXnb
bqtdmv sIn--Sp-m\pw apn-ndn- t ASn- b - c k`- a mWnXv.

Adn-bnv
kJm- h n- t e- p te- J - \ - fpw
dntmpIfpw Fm amkhpw 25-mw
Xob-Xn-p-ap-mbn Abp Xc-Wsav A`yn-p-p.

Sakhavu
Ambles, 2nd Floor,
Amulya Street, Banarjee Road,
Kochi - 682018
sakhavumonthly@gmail.com

tXmakv sk_m-y, s_anwMvlmw

{_n bqtdm-]y bqWn-b\

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bntev bmYm-nXnI `cW In-bn \np
cp Fw.-]n-am 2013 Iqdp-am-dp-Ibpw XpSp
\S D]-sX-c-s-Sp-n hnP-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXtXm-sS-bmWv {_n Cbp-hn XpS-c-Wtam F
Ctm-gs kwhmZw Bcw-`n-p--Xv. Cbp AwKXzw {_ns ]c-am-[n-Im-c-n-s\-Xn-cmsWpw IpSntb--m ta-cm-jv{S-ns t\- A]-l-cnp-p-shpapff hmZ-K-Xn-m-cm-Wv UKIP. Xs
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sNbvXp. 2015 hopw sXc-s-Sp--s--tXmsS
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{_n-\n-te-p-ff IpSn-tb--n am{Xw tI{o-Icn-n-m Ignp. 2008 se amy-tmsS ins \h-D-Zm-c-\-b- ]mnS cln-X-cp-sSbpw Zcn{Z-cp-sSbpw Fw htXm-Xn hnn-p-Ib
- p-mbn. Fm-P\-ta ]-Xn-Ifpw kmap-ly-sN-e-hpIfpw shn-p-cp-p--Xns Imc-W-m IpSn-tb- m- c m- s Wp nXn hnh- c - W - - W - p- I sf
Zphym-Jym\w sNbvXp m]n-p--Xn hnp-t]mI hmZn-I hnP-bnp. Cbp hnln-X-ambn {_n
sImSp- p 350 Zi- e w ]uv {_n- \ nse
]mn-S-cmlnXysbpw sXmgn-en-m-bva-sbbpw
apw cq-am-Ip-p-sh Ch-cpsS hmZ-KXnsb Cu
IWv sXm-sWp sXfn-n-pw, ]np-W-m
Gsd-t-cp-m-bn.

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

s{_Ivknv : hyXn-N-en--s P\-Io-btcmjw

{_n-\nse sXmgn-em-fn-Isf kw_-n-n-Stmfw km-nI amy-n-sbpw sXmb \b- f p- s Sbpw `mcw X- f p- s S- Npa- e p- I - f n- t ep
Xffp `c-W-h-s-Xn-cmb tcmjw {]I-Snn-m-\p-ff Ah-k-c-am-bn-cpp lnX-]-cn-tim-[-\.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs Ah-cpsS thmv \h-D-Zm-c-\-bs-Xn-cmb {]Xn-tj[-am-bn-cpp. `c-W-hpw Ah-cpsS cmjv{Sob ]mn-IpsaXncmb tcmj-am-bn-cp-p AXn-eqsS {]I-S-am-b-Xv. icnbmb Hcp cmjv{Sob _Z-ens A`m-h-n P\v Ah-cpsS tcmjw C{]-Imcw {]I-Sn-n-mt\
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-p-f-fp.
aqe-[-\-n-sbpw Azm-\-nsbpw Ne-\kzm-X{yw bqtdm-]y cmPy-fn-ep-S-\ofw \Smn GXm\pw Ip-Iv k-p-k-am-lcWw Dd-mpI-sb--XmWv Cbp AP. Iqen
Ipd Akw-L-Sn-X-cmb IpSn-tb- sXmgnemfnIsf sImffb-Snv em`-k-am-l-cWw \S-m
{_n-\nse htc-Wy-h-n\v CXp kuI-cy-{]-Zambn. t{SUvbq-Wn-b-\p-I bn-Xv sXmgn-em-fnI-fpsS hne-t]-i Ignhpw bYm Iqenbpw CSnp. Cbp \b- {_n-\nse sXmgn-em-fn-Ipw
Azm-\n-p P\-hn-`m-K-pw A{]-Imcw
tZmj-I-c-am-bn-cpp. Cm-cy-sf icn-bmbn hnebn-cp-p--Xn\p ]Icw UKIP bpsS IpSn-tb
hncp kao-]-\-sXnsc i-amb \ne-]msS-Sp-m sXmgnem-fn-Isf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNpp-sh--h-Im-i-s-Sp-h t]mepw Xm-dn-.
C\n-bn-tm {_nnjv P\-Xb
- vp-ap-n A\nn-Xz-ns \mfp-I-fm-Wv. lnX-]-cn-tim-[-\m-^ew
Xp- tZm-j-I-c-am-sWv bphm- `b-sSpp. {]mb-am-b-h-cm-Is, Cbp F P\m-[n]Xy
hncp m]-\-n\pw AXv ASn-t-n-p-
-\-h-D-Zm-c-\-b-p-sa-Xn-cm-Wv. hntcm-[m-`m-ksap ]d-b-s, hnp-t]m-I hmZn-Ifpw CtX \hD-Zm-c-\-b--fpsS hm--fmWv. Ctm Ima-dqWns ]nKm- a n- b mbn hcm t]mIp
hnSpXhmZn- I - f psS t\Xmhmb t_mdnkv
tPmk-Wn-s\-Xnsc (Ctlw acn\nv
]nhm-n-sbpw tIpp) P\- Xncn-bpsapw \h-D-Zm-c-\-b- Xncp-m-\p-ff kaq]-cn-]m-Sn-I Dm-Ip-sapw \apv {]Xo-n-mw.

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

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kwm\w

Sn.-kn.-kp-{_--Wy

tIcf \thm-m-\-nse kp{]-[m\ \mgnIp-Ifn Hmb ]n-t`m-P-\-ns \qdmw hmjnIw

BN-cn-p k`-am-Wn-Xv. Cu {]tm-`-ns
XpS-bmbn tIc-fob \thm-m\ N-cn-{X-nse
AXpey {]-Xn-`b
- m-bn-cp ktlm-Zc
- A-s\ A\pkva-cn-msX \apv IS-p-t]m-Im BIn-.
NmXphWy- hy-h--bpsS `mK-ambn tIc-fob
kmaqly hyh--bn 20-mw \qm-ns ]qmw
-hsc \ne\nn-cp hn`-PnX PmXn-Ifpw \qn aptXmfw hcp D]-Pm-Xn-Ifpw Nn-s-Sp-nb Abnw,
(sXm-p-Iq-Sm-bva, Xon-q-Sm-bva, -Zr-jvSn-bns--Xpt]mepw tZmjw)- Pym-Xym-Sn-m-\-n-ep sXmgn
hn`-P\w, A-hn-izmkw XpS-nb Zpcm-Nm-c-
asmcp kwm-\pw Cm-hn-[-n `oI-c-am-bncpp. C{]-Imcw kn-m t]mepw Akm-yamb Ncn-{X-L--n AXp icn-bmbn hne-bn-cp-p-Xn\pw {]Xn-tcm-[n-pXn\pw t\XrXzw \Inb
kmaqly hn-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cpp ktlm-Z-c A-.
PmXnpw A-hn-izm-k-pw FXnsc `uXnI
kml-N-cy--tfbpw m\a-e-tbpw kmaqly
am-n-\p D]m-[nIfmbn Gs-Sp ktlm-Z-c
A- B[p-\nI tIc-f-ns \thm-m-\-n
NmeI in-bm-b- N-cn{X ]pcp-j-m-cn {]Y-a-K-W\o-b-\m-Wv.- A-c-\q-m-p-Imew \op-\n kmaq-ly
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kzw I- a--ew-sImv tIc-fo-bv A\p-I-cWob amXr-I-bm-bn. A-, ktlm-Z-c A-\mbpw ]pe-b-\---\mbpw amdnb Ncn{X aplq-fn (ImjnI kwkvIm-c
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AwKo-Im-c-ambn A- kzoI-cn-p; AXn A`n-am\w sImp)- PmXn ]nim-Np-Ipw {_m-Wyns
NmXp hWy hyh--p-sa-Xnsc ""PmXn-th-, aXwth-, ssZhw-th- -a-\p-jy\v''F hn-h-I-c-amb
Xs PohnX ktiw \Inb A- Xs Kpcphmb {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns "Hcp PmXn, Hcp-a-Xw,
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hsc-bp {]tXyI Ad-If
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- n
32

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ktlmZ-c A-
kmaq-ln-Ia
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kmaqly \nb-{-W-ns dntamp- It{Sm
kzw hcp-Xn-bn-em-m {ian-p- kwLn-Im-e-L-n ktlm-Zc
- A-s PohnXw, Zi-\w, I
aew Fn-h-bpsS {]kn AXnh-c-p-Iv
AXo-X-am-Wv. 2017 sabv 29\v ]n-t`m-P-\-ns iXm_vZn- hjw ISp hcp Cu k`-n ktlmZ-c A-s\ hos-Sp-tXv kwL-]-cn-hmc
Bib ]cn-kc
- s {]Xn-tcm-[n-m A
- \
- n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
hnZym-`ym-k-n-\p-tijw \mn Xncn-s-nb
A- {io\m- c m- b W Kpcp- h ns Bi- b -
kmm-Xvc
- n-p-X
- ns BZy Nph-Sp-hb
- vmbn an{it`m-P\w F alm-hn--h-ambn amdnb kmaqly ]cnh-\-n\p t\XrXzw \In. Ahn-sS-\n-m-cw-`n
{]h-\--fpsS ktiw P\-n-S-bn hym]nn-p--Xn\v ktlm-Z-c amknI (]n-oSp hmcn-I)bn-eqsS PmXn, A-hn-izm-k- XpS-nb Zpcm-Nmc-sXnscbpw nXn ka-Xz-n\p thnbpw
ZoL-Imew t]mcm-Sn. 39 -sIm-w ]{Xw {]kn-o-I-cnp. cp -Z-i-I-n-te-sd-mew sImn Akw-n-bn
AwK-ambn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-p. Ncn{Xw tcJ-s-Spnb \nc-h[n kmaqly t\-mbn Akw-nbn i_vZa
- p-bn-b k
- t- lm-Zc
- sImn-bnepw Xncpsm-n-bnepw a{n-bmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-p. kaql-nse _lp-`q-cn-]w hcp ]miz-hIrXcmb
P\-hn-`m-K-sf kzw Ah-Im-i- t\Sn-sb-Spm {]m]vXn-bp kaq-l-kr-jvSn-mbn XymK-\n`c-amb tkh\w \S-nb ktlm-Z-c A- 1968amv 6\v Pohn-Xm-yw-hsc Xs \nkzm-amb
t]mcmw XpSp.

kmaqlnI am-n\p {]tm`-ssh-nIcbn-\n-v Bcw`n-v tIcf-ns-d

AXncpI t`Zn- v C- y \thm- m \- n s- d
Ncn{X-n kzbw ASbmfs-Sp-nb ktlmZc
A-- F B[p\nI tIcf-ns-d \thmm\
in-]n \ni_vZ hn-h-neqsS A[oih-Kamb
{_mlvaWys \ni_vZam-n.
"PmXnt`Zw aXtZzjw
GXpan-msX k-hcpw
tkmZct-Xhmgp
amXrImkvYm\amWnXv'F-v Ncn{X ]p\cmJym\w
\S-n inhKncnbn Xs-d aXw GsXvv hyXncnIvX

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

am-nb {io\mcmbW Kpcphns-d XpS-bmbn 1917

sabv 29\v (1092 CShw 16) Xs-d Bibm `nemjfpambn tbmPnp kplr-p-fpsamv an{i
t`mP\w \S-n.
ktlmZcs-d `mKnt\b\mb cma-]n-bpsS
hkXnbn-sh-v \S-nb an{it`mP\n Np
cphpw ISebpw tN- sagpp]pc-nbpw tNmdpambn
cpp hn`hw. ]-n-pd-v tImcmt-cn ho-n A-F ]pebs-d aI I- F _mes\ ]n
bpsS a[y`mK-v Cep ap-nencp-n. B Ip-n
tNmdpw IdnbpwIqSn Ipg-t-m a-p-h AXn\n-v Ipsd FSp-v `-np. Abn-ns\Xncmbn
kacw tIcf Ncn{X-ns-d `mKambno- B
kmaqlnI hn- h - n ]s- S p- h ktlmZc
kwL-mcmbn. A-p apX A-- ktlmZc
A--\mbn.
sXm-pIqSm-hscbpw Xon-qSm-hscbpw
Hcpanncp-n ]peb Ipg-v hnf-nb `-Ww Ign
A-s
- \bpw an{it`mP\-n ]s-Sp kwLmwK
- s fbpw sNdmbn hnPv R m\m \nh- P n\n k`,
k`m\nba-nse H-Xmw hIp-v A\pkcn-v "{`jvSv'
In-v ]pdm-n. ImbnIm{IaW-v hnt[b
amb ktlmZckwLw an{it`mP\ kacw XpScpIbpw
"ktlmZc-' amknI {]knoIcWamcw`n-pIbpw
sNbvXp. "PmXn hyXymkw imkv{X hncp-hpw tZmj
Ichpw A\mhiyhpambXpsIm-v Ignbp-sXms
sN-msa-v Rm ]q-W a\-nse k-Xn-v kXyw
sN-p-p' F kXy{]XnPvR an{it`mP\-n
\S-nbXv PohnX {hXambn aptm-psImpt]mbn.
Ihn, ]{Xm[n], kvYnXnkaXz hmZn, tZiobhmZn,
bpIvXnhmZn, \nbak`mwKw, `cWm[nImcn Fo
\neIfnep A--s-d _lpXe kv]-inbmb
{]h-\taJeI kmaqlnIam-w F GIey
t-msSbmbncp-p. tIcf-n tkmjyenks-n
BZyambn FgpXnb ]{Xm[n] A--\mWv. \nkz
hKw A\p`hn-p a\pjyXzclnXamb PohnX
kml-N-cy- hnhcnp sIm-v AXn\dpXnhcp-n
P\m[n]Xy `cW-n\v ap-ssIsbSp-Wsa-v
DZvt_m[nn-psIm-v cNn Imhyw aebmf-nse
BZy ImhykamlmcamWv. XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw
sImnbnsebpw P\- Nn-n-pXpS-p-Xn\v apv
D-chmZn `cW-n\pth-n sIm-h-jw 1111
(193536) sIm-n \nbak`bn Atlw {]tabw
AhXcn-n-p. Cu \nthZ\s XpS--v cphjn\ptijw `cW]cnjvImcw \S-m cmPmhv \n_-nX\mbn.
sImSp--qcnse `cWn-m-n\pw tImgnsh-n\pw
FXnsc GI\mbn \S-nb kacw kam\XIfn-m
H-mWv. 1702 "`cWn-v t]Is tkmZcsc' Fmcw
`n-p kz-w IhnX sNm-ns-m-v `cWn DhIme-v tImgnsh-pw sXdn-m-pw s]mSn]qcambn
\S- p t- m sImSp- - q t- { Xm- W - n
{]thin ktlmZc A-hnizmknIfpw atZym

-cpamb `IvXcpsS B{IaW-n-\n-v Xe\mcngv

c-s-SpIbmbncp-p.
1925 {]kn-oIcn "ktlmZcn Ipd-n' F
A--s-d IhnX B ImeL-n kv{XoI
A\p`hn-ncp ASna-nse ZpcnX]-h-ns-d
hkvXp\njvT Nn{Xambncp-p. sIm-n \nbak`bn
kv{Xo{]mXn\n[y-n\pth-n hmZn A-- 1933
s^{_phcnbn IpSpw_mkq{XW {]tabw AhXcn
n Ncn{XtcJ B Imes kmaqlnI PohnX
ns-d BLmX-fpsS t\-tcJbmbncp-p.
1926 t{SUvbq\nb BIvSv \nehn-hcp-Xn\v
ap- v "BZnssh- n sXmgnemfn kwLw' F
sXmgnemfn kwLS\- v Atlw cq]w\- I n.
AXns-d t\XrXz-n "the-mc-' F ]{Xw
Bcw`n-p. 1929 "bpIvXnhmZn' amknI ktlmZc
{]kn-\n-v {]kn-oIcn-pXpS-n.
kmaqlnI ]cnjvI-mhmb ktlmZc A- {Im-Z-inbmb `cWm[nImcn F \nebn
BhnjvIcn AwKoImcw \-Inb kz]v\]-Xnbm
bncp ssh-n FdWmIpfw ]mew. NXp-p \nefpw I--mSpIfpw D-pIpf-fpw \nd FdWm
Ipf-ns-d ]cnanXnIfpw hnIk\ km[yXIfpw
a\-n-I ktlmZc A-- sIm-n {]Pm
a-ew a{-nbmbncns ssh-nFdWmIpfw
]me-ns-d Bibw a{-nk`bn AhXcnn k- ` - n C{Xbpw _rl- m b Hcp ]XnbpsS
BhiyIXsb kw_-n-v apJya{-n B.i-
Bi ]- p sh k- - ` - n "C\n hnIk\w
FdWmIpf-n\v ]Sn-mdv kvYnXnsN-p Zzo]
kaql- f nembncn- p w' F Zo- L ho- W w
Adp]Xv h-j--p tijamWv k^eambXv. A- a{-nbmbncns ]me-ns-d cq]tcJ, aXnv
sNehv F-nh IW-m-n 12 e-w cq] ]mew \namW-n\v _P-n hIsIm-n-pIbpw sNbvXp.
"shpcpn ]mew \n-an Km\-sU--en F
P-a F-n\obdnMv I-\nsb \n-amW NpaXe
G-]n-pIbpw sNbvXp. ]me-n\v sIm-n t]m
ns-d A\paXn BhiyambXn\m A-v aZncmin
bn kvYnXnsNbvXncp t]m-ns-d BkvYm\-v
A\paXn-mbn ka--n-p. XncphnXmw Iqdpw sImn
bpw X-nep XncpsImn kwtbmP\w \S-p
ImeambXn\m kmt-XnIm\paXn e`yambn. Av
A\paXn In-nbncp-psh-n 194849 ImeL-n
]q-nbmIpambncp ]me-n\v A\phZn XpI
]n-oSv Be-pgbnse tXm--n-n kv]n-th \namW-n Nnehgn-v ]-Xn ]qoIcn-p. 1956
sFIytIcfw \nehn hnpw ]mew bmYm-Yyam
m Bdp]Xn-m-v Imew \o Im-ncn-pw \nccamb {]t-m`hpw kwLSn-nt-nh-p. tIcf
Ncn{X-n sshn-Ic kw`mh\ \-Inb ktlm
Zc A--s-d PohNcn{Xw \thm-m\ aqeyfpsSbpw AhImit]mcm-ns-dbpw A\pkyqX
amb I-aIm-w sIm-v k-a
- mb kcatcmpI
ss]XrI-ns-d AcWnbn ISs-Sp AKv\n
PzmebmWv.

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse

33

cmPys \Spnb Pnjmh[tkn Hcp Akw

sXmgnemfnsb Adv sNbvXXn\p tijhpw sIme
]mXIhpambn _s ZpcqlXIfpw tIkt\z
jWs kw_n kwibfpw XpScpIbmWv.
Adn\ptijw t]meokv sa\ IYI At
s]mfnpt]mbn. Cu AcpwsImebvp ]nnse
bmYmy ]pdpsImphcpXn\p ]Icw
\nehn Adp sNsbmsf IpyIrXyhpambn
_nnm\pff sXfnhpIfpw sIme]mXIns
Dtiwt]mepw C\nbpw Ism\pw {ianp
t]meokv \nmbIamb sXfnhpI \inn
t]meokv DtZyKsc tNmZyw sNm Xm dmbnn.
F.Un.F^pw, bp.Un.F^pw Xnepff kahmb amWv
Cu tIknse bmYmysf ]pdp sImp
hcmsX At\zjWs {]lk\ amn ampXv. amdn
amdn `cW]hpw {]Xn]hp amIp F.Un.F^v

.......................................................................................................................

bp.Un.F^v apWnI tIcfs am^nbm

hcnpXn Hcpt]mse ]phlnppv.
sImSnb \nba ewL\fpw At[mtemI am^nbm
{]h\fpw P\hncp ]XnIfpw \Snem
pXn\p]nn `cWh apWnIfpsS AZriy
amb sFIyhpw ]ckv]capff HXpnoep Ifpw
Uo DdnepIfpapv . Cu kmlNcyn
sXfnhp \inn t]meokv DtZyKsc {]XnI
fmn tIskSppI. ]pdtmvtImf\n P\Xbvv
`qanbpw hoSpw kpcbpw DdmpI, Btcm]W
hnt[b\mb ]n.]n.Xs\bpw _n\manIsfbpw
IUnbnseSpv tNmZyw sNpI, kv{XoIpw
ZfnXpw FXncmb AXn{Ia XSbpI XpSnb
ap{ZymhmIy Dbn iamb {]tm`
sIgnp hntSXpv.

HmKv 915 km{amPyXz

hncp hmcmNcWw

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Pnjmh[w : bYmy ]pdpsImphcnI

Pq 26 ^mknvhncp
Zn\ambn BNcnp

kn]n-sF(-Fw-F)tI{In Blzm\w A\pkcnv

BKv 9 apX 15 hsc, hntZi aqe[\tbpw _lp
cmjv{S IpIIsfbpw ]pdmpI, WTO bn
\npw Cy ]pdphcnI, ckmnIfpsS kz]v\
sf kmmXvIcnpI XpSnb ap{ZmhmIyfpsS
ASnm\n kwm\ hym]Iambn km{amPyXz
hncp hmcmNcW Iymbn kwLSnnm
kn]nsF(FwF) sdUv m kwm\ In
Xocpam\np.

s\hb
\nIens\Xnsc
hntPv Hm^okv [
hym]Iamb s\hb \nI XSbWsapw
Xcninncnp Irjn`qanbn P\]mfntmsS
Irjnbndm \S]Sn kzoIcnWsapw Xo
S kwcnWsapw Bhiysv CPI(ML)
sdUvm NmepSn GcnbmInbpsS t\XrXz
n NmepSn htPv Hm^okn\p apn [
\Sn. Pnm sk{Idn sI.hn.]pcptjma DZv
LmS\w sNbvXp. sI. inhcma, F. Un. thWp,
Pb tIm\nc, ]n.kn.APb XpSnbh
{]kwKnp. sI.Un.hk AyX hlnp.
Fcnbm sk{Idn n.sI.hmkp kzmKXw ]dp.
Fw.hn.N{, F.Fw.]pjv ] mwKZ, kPntam
ammaw, A a\bv XpSnbh
t\XrXzw \In.
34

lnpXz^mknks sNdppI, hob hcW

ns adhnepff tImtdv sImff Ah-km-\n-npI, ASnbcmhm XShpImsc cmjv{Sob XShp
Imcmbn AwKoIcnpI, P\m[n]Xyn\pw kzmX
{yn\pw atX-X-c-Xz-n\pw thnbpff t]mcm
XpScpI XpSnb ap{ZmhmIy Dbn
Pq 26 ^mknv hn-cp Zn\ambn BNcnp.

cmPmfns hoSv
]p\\nmWw Bcw`np
AmSn tjmfbm ]mbnse \inbn Xma
knncp cmPmfns IpSpw_n\v AhImis
`qan hjv apv `qam^nb XnsbSpncpp.
iIvXamb BZnhmkn {]tm`neqsS Cu `qan
Xncnp ]nSnsnepw IrjnbndpXn\pw hoSv \n
npXn\pw IpSnshffw FnpXn\pw k
mdns `mKp\npw klmbsampw e`nn.
cmPmfns\ tImSXn Ibn `qan ssIhisSpm
A[nImcnIfpsS klmbtmsS `qam^nbI {iaw
XpScpIbmWv . CXn\nSbn `qanbn Hcp `mKw
ImmSn I\n ssItbdn. BgvNIv apv cmPm
fpsS hoSv Imm\ XIp. F.sF.sI.sI.Fv.
(AJntey hnh Inkmk`)bpsS t\XrXz
n cmPmfns hoSv Inkm k` {]hI
]p\\nnp. AmSnbn ]nSnapdpp `qam^nb
Ipw tImtdpIpsaXnsc iamb
{]tm`v AJntey hnh Inkm k`
XmsdSppIbmWv.

kJmhv
2016 Pqsse