Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Duong Loi
Duong Loi
61302629
V HUY HONG
61301372
L LNH TON
61304191
61303929
L TH THANH THO
61303707
TH THANH THO
61303699
Tiu lun
MC LC
I.
I.2.
I.3.
i hi ln I (3/1935) i hi i biu ln th nht ca ng hp Ma
Cao (Trung Quc)....................................................................................................3
TIU KT....................................................................................................4
NHN XT..................................................................................................5
II. GIAI ON 1936 1939.....................................................................................5
II.1.
II.2.
II.3.
II.4.
II.5.
III.
Giai on 1939-1945......................................................................................12
III.1.
Tiu lun
Sau khi xm lc Vit Nam nm 1858, thc dn Php tin hnh u t vo Vit
Nam kinh doanh ly li, ch ngha t bn pht sinh. Chng ra sc bc lt nhn dn
Vit Nam, thu ngun nhn cng r mt phc v cho qu trnh khai thc thuc a.
Chng t ra loi thu bc lt nh: thu rung t, thu thn, thu ru, thu
mui, thu thuc phin v hng trm loi thu khc Chnh iu lm cho nhn
dn ta ngy cng khn n, mu thun gia nhn dn ta v thc dn Php ngy cng
quyt lit. S bc lt ca thc dn Php lm cho x hi Vit Nam phn ho su sc;
giai cp nng dn chim 90% dn s b bc lt nng n bng th on su cao, thu
nng, t tc, phu phen, tp dch lm vo cnh mt rung t phi i lm cng giai
cp cng nhn ra i sm nhng cng b Php n p. Giai cp t sn b Php chn p
n mc khng ngc u ln c. Gia Php v phong kin Vit Nam c s cu kt
cht ch vi nhau. Php da vo phong kin ly c bc lt nhn dn, phong kin da
vo thc dn Php duy tr a v ca mnh. Nhng hnh thc p bc bc lt d man
tn nhn ca phong kin khng nhng khng xo b m cn b thc dn Php li dng
gy nng n thm. Thc trng Vit Nam lc ny v cng kh khn. Trong x hi Vit
Nam c hai mu thun c bn cn c gii quyt:
1.
2.
Gii quyt c hai mu thun trn, chnh l hon thnh cuc cch mng dn
tc-dn ch Vit Nam. Hai nhim v khng phi n khi ng ra i mi xut
hin m n bt u c t khi thc dn Php n sng xm lc Vit Nam, bng
chng l hng lot cc phong tro yu nc n ra v pht trin mnh m. Nhng
cc phong tro y u i n tht bi. Nguyn nhn tht bi l do h cha xc nh
c k th (Phan Bi Chu da vo Nht nh Php, Phan Chu Trinh li ch
trng i mi theo Php). T khng th nhn r c nhim v cn thit. n tn
th k XX nc ta vn trong tnh trng khng hong ng li. Cho n khi Nguyn
i Quc bt u tm ra con ng cu nc, nh qu trnh tm ti, hc hi v kho
cu tnh trng nc ngoi kt hp vi vic phn tch tnh hnh trong nc. Vo ngy
03.02.1930, ti Hng Cng, Trung Quc, Ngi ch tr bui thnh lp ng Cng
sn Vit Nam v ra cng lnh vn tt v sch lc vn tt, trong ngi nu ra
cch mng Vit Nam phi tri qua cc giai on: lm t sn dn quyn cch mng v
th a cch mng i ti x hi cng sn. Nh vy ngi ch ra con ng pht
trin tt yu ca cch mng nc ta l con ng kt hp c lp dn tc v x hi ch
ngha. l cuc cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn- mt cuc cch mng ca nhn
dn c nc, do giai cp cng nhn lnh o, da trn c s lin minh cng nng,
nhm mc ch nh quc, phong kin, gii phng dn tc, thc hin ngi ci
c rung, thnh lp nh nc do nhn dn lm ch, to iu kin cho nh nc Vit
Nam khng qua thi k t bn ch ngha tin thng ln x hi ch ngha. Trong ,
tin hnh cuc cch mng dn ch chnh l tin ti nh ui quc thc dn lm
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I.
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I.2.
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TIU KT
Cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng p ng ng yu cu khch quan
ca lch s, ph hp vi nguyn vng c lp t do ca qun chng nhn dn, lm cho
ng nm quyn lnh o duy nht i vi cch mng Vit Nam v pht ng c
mt phong tro cch mng rng ln ngay t u nm 1930. Ch trng tp hp lc
lng trn y phn nh t tng i on kt dn tc, huy ng mi lc lng dn
tc vo cuc u tranh chng quc xm lc, ginh c lp dn tc.
Cng lnh cng xc nh ng trong mi quan h gia 2 nhim v th chng
quc l nhim v hng u v thc hin nhim v nng n th lc lng cch
mng phi ht sc rng m. y l s sng to ln ca Nguyn i Quc xut pht t
s thu hiu yu cu v c im ca mt x hi thuc a- phong kin.
Lun cng chnh tr khng nh li nhiu vn cn bn thuc v chin lc
cch mng m Chnh cng vn tt v Sch lc vn tt nu ra. Lun cng c
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NHN XT
Nh vy trong nhng nm u thnh lp n i hi I (3/1935) do nh hng
ca Quc t cng sn v hn ch v tm nhn chin lc ng mc khng t sai
lm. Tuy nhin ng vn ng vng, c s ng v c s chnh tr qun chng vn
tn ti cng nh mi lin h gia ng v qun chng lun lun c duy tr. Tri qua
cuc u tranh sng mi vi k th, ng nhanh chng trng thnh, tch ly c
nhiu kinh nghim u tranh qu bu. i ng cn b, ng vin v qun chng cch
mng c rn luyn v sng lc. Vi bn lnh chnh tr vng vng v ch chin u
kin cng, khng nhng ng khc phc c nhng kh khn trc mt, hn
gn nhanh nhng vt thng, chun b lc lng tt cho cuc u tranh trong giai
on tip theo. ng thi khng nh c s ng n ca cng lnh chnh tr
u tin do Nguyn i Quc son tho.
II.
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ch ngha t bn thm gay gt v phong tro cch mng ca qun chng dng cao.
Ch ngha phtxt xut hin v thng th mt s ni, nh phtxt Htle c, phtxt
Phrngc Ty Ban Nha, phtxt Mtxlini Italia v phi S quan tr Nht Bn.
y l ch c ti c nn chuyn ch phn ng, tn bo v d man nht. Chng
lin kt vi nhau thnh khi Trc ro tit chun b chin tranh chia li th gii v
tiu dit Lin X thnh tr cch mng th gii nhm y li phong tro cch mng v
sn. Nguy c ch ngha phtxt v chin tranh th gii e do nghim trng nn ha
bnh v an ninh quc t.
Cn trong nc, cuc khng hong kinh t 1929-1933 nh hng n
mi tng lp nhn dn k c t sn, a ch va v nh. Trong khi bn cm quyn
phn ng ng Dng ra sc v vt , bc lt, bp nght quyn t do, dn ch, thi
hnh chnh sch khng b v n p phong tro u tranh ca nhn dn ta. Chnh iu
ny lm cho cc tng lp, giai cp khc nhau trong c nc u cm th thc dn
Php v c nguyn vng u tranh i quyn sng, quyn t do, dn c, dn sinh. H
thng ng v cc c s cch mng qun chng c khi phc. Ngoi ra chnh
phut mt trn Php ban hnh mt s chnh sch dn ch c li cho cc nc thuc a.
y chnh l yu t quan trng quyt nh ch trng u tranh ca cch mng ta.
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b. Kinh t: sau khng hong kinh t th gii, Php tp trung u t, khai thc
thuc a b p s thiu ht cho kinh t Php.
* Nng nghip: t bn Php chim ot rung t, c canh cy la, trng cao
su, ay, gai, bng
* Cng nghip: y mnh khai m. Sn lng ngnh dt, xi mng, ch ct
ru tng. Cc ngnh t pht trin l in, nc, c kh, ng, giy, dim...
* Thng nghip: thc dn c quyn bn thuc phin, ru, mui v xut
nhp khu, thu li nhun rt cao, nhp my mc v hng tiu dng, xut khong
sn v nng sn.
Nhng nm 1936 -1939 l thi k phc hi v pht trin kinh t Vit
Nam nhng kinh t Vit Nam vn lc hu v l thuc kinh t Php.
c. X hi: i sng nhn dn kh khn do chnh sch tng thu ca Php
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Qun trit ngh quyt i hi VII ca Quc t Cng Sn, 7-1936 Hi ngh Ban
chp hnh trung ng ng cng sn ng Dng do L Hng Phong, y vin
ban chp hnh Quc t cng sn ch tr hp ti Thng Hi (Trung Quc).
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Tc l vi hai nhim v ny khng nht thit phi song song tn ti, m phi
ty hon cnh m t nhim v no ln hng u hoc gii quyt cc nhim v
mt cch lin tip. Phi xc nh c k th no l nguy him nht tp
trung lc lng ca dn tc m nh cho ton thng. Nu nhim v chng
quc l cn kp cho lc hin thi, vn rung t tuy quan trng nhng cha
phi trc tip bt buc, th c th trc ht tp trung nh quc, ri sau
gii quyt vn rung t. Nhng cng c khi vn rung t v phn
lin tip gii quyt, vn ny ph thuc vo vn kia
Ch trng mi ca ng gii quyt ng n mi quan h gia vn d
dn tc v dn ch, xc nh mc tiu trc mt ca cch mng, t ra cc
hnh thc v u tranh linh hot, thch hp hng dn qun chng u tranh
ginh chnh quyn, chun b cho nhng cuc u tranh sau ny. y l nhn
thc mi, ph hp vi tinh thn trong Cng lnh cch mng u tin ca
ng, bc u khc phc hn ch ca Lun cng chnh tr thng 10-1930.
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Nhim vu trc mt ca cch mng: chng pht xt, chng chin tranh quc,
chng bn phn ng thuc a v tay sai, i t do, dn ch, cm o v ha
bnh. hc hin c nhim v ny, BCH T quyt nh lp Mt trn nhn
dn phn gm cc giai cp, ng phi cc on th chnh tr v cc tn gio
khc nhau, cc dn tc x ng Dng cng u tranh i nhng quyn dn
ch n s.
V hnh thc t chc v bin php u tranh: Hi ngh ch trng chuyn hnh
thc t chc b mt khng hp php sang hnh thc t chc v u tranh cng
khai, na cng khai, hp php v na hp php. Mc ch m rng quan h ca
ng vi qun chng.
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mng gii phng dn tc khng nht thit phi gn kt cht vi cuc cch mng
in a. Nu pht trin cuc u tranh chia t m ngn tr cuc u tranh
phn th phi chn vn no quan trng hn gii quyt trc. l nhn
thc mi ph hp vi tinh thn Cng lnh cch mng u tin ca ng, bc
u khc phc hn ch ca Lun cng chnh tr thng 10- 1930.
-
L mt cuc tng din tp, chun b cho Tng khi ngha thng Tm sau ny.
L mt cuc din tp th hai, chun b cho Tng khi ngha thng Tm sau
ny.
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TIU KT
Di s lnh o ca ng, thi k 1936-1939 phong tro cch mng din ra
si ni, li cun ng o qun chng tham gia, thng qua cao tro cch mng khng
nh ng li nh quc v ngi cy c rung tin ln ch ngha x hi l chnh
xc. Vn dng trong thi k 1936-1939 l chng bn phn ng thuc a, chng pht
xt, chng chin tranh, i quyn dn ch dn sinh, l nhng mc tiu trc mt
ph hp vi tnh hnh so snh lc lng, trnh gic ng v kh nng u tranh ca
qun chng, nhm to iu kin thun li mi tin ln u tranh cho mc tiu lu
di.
Do c ng li ng n, mc tiu st hp, p ng nguyn vng cp thit
ca qun chng nn phong tro u tranh rng khp, si ni trong phm vi c nc.
Trn c s khi lin minh cng-nng vng chc, ng xy dng Mt trn dn
tc thng nht, mt trong nhng nhn t quyt nh thng li ca cuc cch mng.
ng kho lo kt hp cc hnh thc t chc, hnh thc u tranh cng khai
v na cng khai, hp php v bt hp php xy dng lc lng cch mng. Thng
qua thc hin u tranh ng xy dng c i qun chnh tr ng o c gic
ng, c t chc. y l thnh qu ln nht ng c c trong thi k 1936-1939,
ng thi l nhn t, iu kin chun b cho thng li cao tro cch mng 1939-1945.
Cao tro dn ch 1936-1939 thc s l mt cuc cch mng su rng, him c
mt x thuc a, gn kt phong tro cch mng ng Dng vi cuc u tranh
chung chng ch ngha pht xt ca nhn dn th gii.
NHN XT
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III.
Phn tch chnh xc thi chnh tr ca cc giai cp, cc tng lp nhn dn,
cc ng phi chnh tr, thc hin mt lin minh dn ch rng ri, kt hp ng
n s lin minh bn di vi lin minh bn trn, ly lin minh bn di - lin
minh cng nng lm nn tng, xy dng mt mt trn thng nht rng ri ph
hp vi yu cu ca nhim v chnh tr, phn ha v c lp cao k th.
GIAI ON 1939-1945
III.1. Hi ngh ban chp hnh trung ng ng 11/1939
Hon cnh din ra hi ngh:
Ngy 1-9-1939, pht xt c tin cng Ba Lan, m mn cuc Chin tranh th gii ln
th hai. ng Dng, thc dn Php ra sc v vt ca ci, tin bc, sc ngi
phc v cho chin tranh. Chng thng tay n p, khng b phong tro cch mng, th
tiu nhng quyn dn ch ti thiu m nhn dn ta ginh c trong nhng nm
1936-1938. Mu thun gia cc dn tc ng Dng vi thc dn Php tr nn gay
gt. Do , trong cc ngy 6, 7, 8-11-1939, Trung ng ng hp B im, Hc
Mn (Gia nh) bn cc ch trng ca ng trong tnh hnh mi, di s ch tr
ca ng ch Nguyn Vn C. Tham d Hi ngh c cc ng ch L Dun, Phan
ng Lu, V Vn Tn...
Nhim v cch mng:
Nhim v chin lc: nh quc v tay sai, ginh hon ton c lp
cho dn tc.
Nhim v c th:
Tm gc khu hiu tch thu rung t ca giai cp a ch; ch ch
trng tch thu rung t ca quc v tay sai.
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NHN XT
V c bn ta c th thy nhng s hon chnh r nt hi ngh 1941 so vi
1939: hi ngh 1941 tm thi gc cch mng rung t vn c hn ch ch tch
thu ca quc v a ch nm 1939 thay vo v vic quyt nh t ngn c gii
phng dn tc ln hng u.
Hi ngh nm 1941 th hin r t tng: Trong lc ny nu khng gii
quyt c vn dn tc gii phng, khng i c c lp t do cho ton th dn
tc, th chng nhng ton th quc gia dn tc cn chu mi kip nga tru, m quyn
li ca b phn, giai cp n vn nm cng khng i li c trch cu ni ch tch
H Ch Minh.
Nu xem nh hi ngh 1939 l xc nh tnh cht ca cuc cch mng Vit
Nam th hi ngh nm 1941 a ra t tng r rng chun b cho khi ngha.
C th nhn thy im khc bit r rt trong cch thc ch trng xy dng:
Nm 1939 ng ta vi ch trng xy dng hp php xy dng on th qun chng
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