Tutorial 4 Velocity Distribution in OC & Most Efficient Cross Section

u V

g yo S o
K

1 2.3 log

y
(13)
yo

Q1. Eq. (13):

2

1
( 2 ) 3 ( 0.005 ) 2 =6.237 m/s
V=
0.018

Using Mannings Eq for wide ch:

The shear velocity in (13) is u = g y o So = 9.81 x 2 x 0.005=0.3132 m/s

von Karman K = 0.4, yo = 2.0m,
y
u=7.02+1.801 log
2
y (m)
0.2
0.736
1.2
2.0

u (m/s)
5.219
6.238
6.62
7.02

remarks
V at y = 0.368 yo from bed
umax at water surface

Q2.
To find best x-section in terms of Rh
A= ( b+my ) y( 1 )
A
b= my( 2 )
y
Pw =b +2 y 1+ m 2
A
P w = +y(3)
Subst b fr (2)
y
2
where
=2 1+m m
For max efficiency, we can differentiate dRh/dy or simpler to do dPw/dy
d Pw A
= 2 + =0
dy
y
Hence, A= y 2= y 2 [ 2 1+m2m ]( 4 )
To find best b, subst A fr (1) into (4)
R h=

A
y2
y
=
=
2
Pw y
2
+ y
y

b=y=2 y ( 1+m m ) (5)

2

[Note: from (5), m = 0 refers to a rect ch, and most eff rect channel would
have b = 2y of the aspect ratio, b/y = 2]
Q2 cond.. To find m that will gives max efficiency for a given A:A= ( b+my ) y( 1 )
A= y ( 2 1+ m m )
2

Subst most eff b fr (5) into (1),

y=

Or most eff y

A2

( 2 1+ m m)
2

1
2

Pw =2 A

or

Pw =4 A [ 2 1+m m]

d ( P2w )

=4 A
dm
m=

(6)

Subst (6) into (3),

1
2

[ 2 1+m2m ] 2
2

2m
1 =0
1+ m2

1
=0.577side slope angle ,=60
3

Q3. Given m = 0.75, what are the best b and y?

b=2 y ( 1+m 2m ) (5)

Using (5) from Q2, best b is

b=2 y ( 1+ 0.7520.75 ) = y

A= ( b+my ) y( 1 )

Using (1)

A=( b+ my ) y=1.75 y 2
2

Best hydr radius is Rh = y/2, Subst into Mannings Eq

1
( 1.75 y 2 ) y
0.5=
0.01
2

2
3

( ) ( 0.0005)

1
2

1
Q= A R 3h S o2
n

solving y=0.55 m=b

A = (14.6 +1.5x5.1)(5.1) = 113.48 m2

Q4. Existing:

Pw = 14.6 + (2x5.1)(1 + 1.52)0.5 = 33.0m

Rh = 113.48/33 = 3.44 m
(note: if y = 5.1m is the best y, then best R h = y/2 = 2.55m, which is not equal
to 3.44m, hence the existing y is not the most efficient)

Most efficient y would be

y=

1
2

( 2 1+ m m)
2

y best =

1
2

(6)

113.48
=7.34 m
2 1+ 1.521.5

Note: ybest = 7.34m is 44% higher than the existing depth of y = 5.1 m
Therefore the optimum hydraulic radius is (R h)best = ybest/2 = 3.67m, or 6.7%
greater than existing Rh = 3.44m
For the same A, n and So, using the Mannings Eq:

Qbest
( R h )best 3 3.67 23
=
=
=1.044
Q existing ( R h )existing
3.44

( )

Qbest is 4.4 greater thanexisting Q

The best b is bbest =2 y ( 1+m 2m) (5)
bbest =2 x 7.34 ( 1+1.521.5 ) =4.44 m
Subst best y and b into Pw,
Pw = 4.44 + (2x7.34)(1 + 1.52)0.5 = 30.9m
so 6.4% less than existing Pw = 33m.