UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE NUEVO

LEON
Preparatoria No. 7
Unidad San Nicolas 1
INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY 1
Profesor Ivan Zaleta Bustos
STAGE 1
Activity #1: Summary
Fidel Alexander Rodrguez Padilla #31
Group 127

20/09/2016

INDEX
1. Introduction
1.1 Main Elements
A.

Hardware
a) Input devices
b) Output devices
c) Storage devices
B.
Software
1.
System
software
2.
Application
software
1.1.2 Bibliography
1.2 Operative system
1.2.1 Functions
1.2.2 Classification
1.2.3 Types of interface
A. Command Line
Interface
B. Graphical Interface

C.

INTRODUCTION
One of the basic and main tools in the world of the TIC is the computer.
Since its beginning it has come to lay an essential role in the human
being life that we do not imagine life without this important tool. The
knowledge society requires its application in every area in which it
operates, in industry, medicine, design, commerce, telecommunications,
videogames, and in a series of activities indispensable in the daily work
of the human being.

MAIN ELEMENTS
A computer system is a system of interconnected computers that share
a central storage system and various peripheral devices such as a
printers, scanners, or routers. Each computer connected to the system
can operate independently, but has the ability to communicate with
other external devices and computers.

A.Hardware
Hardware is defined as a joint of components of physical devices
that intervene in a computer system.
The components of a computer system can be classified, according
to the function they perform in: Input devices and Output
devices, Processing and Storage

a.Input devices
They are the ones from which the information is introduced
to the computer to be processed or
transformed.
Input devices allow the user to enter
information into the system, or control its
operation. Most personal computers have

a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a

touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include
webcams, microphones, joysticks, and image scanners.

b.Output Devices
They are the ones that show to the user the data previously
transformed or processed.
Output devices display information in a human readable
form. Such devices could include printers, speakers,

monitors or a Braille embosser.

c. Storage Devices

They are the ones that permit to store or to save

information. These are classified on: main and secondary
memory.
The main memory.- This memory acts directly with
the CPU in all the input and output operation, allowing
to store and recover data and programs with which it is
working. Is basically composed by:
ROM.- Many types of "ROM" are not literally
read only, as updates to them are possible;
however it is slow and memory must be erased
in large portions before it can be re-written.
Some embedded systems run programs directly
from ROM (or similar), because such programs
are rarely changed. Standard
computers do not store nonrudimentary programs in ROM,
and
rather,
use
large
capacities of secondary storage, which is nonvolatile as well, and not as costly.
RAM.- Random-access memory is a form of
computer data storage. A random-access
memory device allows data items to be read or
written in almost the same amount of time

irrespective of the physical location of data

inside the memory. In contrast, with other directaccess data storage media such as hard disks,
CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older drum memory,
the time required to read and
write
data
items
varies
significantly depending.
The secondary memory..- Also called
secondary storage; it permits to save programs and
data in a permanent way; the most used storage
devices are the hard disks, the floppy disks, USB
memories, among others.
The unit to measure the capacity is the BYTE,
The different amounts of memory are mentioned
according to the following terms:
KiloBytes

Kb

1 KiloByte are 1024 Bytes

GigaByte

Gb

1 GigaByte are 1024 KiloBytes

TeraByte

Tb

1 TeraByte are 1024 GigaBytes

Petabyte

Pb

1 PetaByte are 1024 TeraBytes

ExaByte

Eb

1 ExaByte are 1024 PetaBytes

ZettaByte

Zb

1 ZettaByte are 1024 ExaBytes

YottaByte

Yb

1 YottaByte are 1024 ZettaBytes

d.Processing Devices
The CPU is the component in charge to transform data into
information. It is considered as the brain of the computer,
where most of the operations are carried out. Among the
most important are the Arithmetic and logic operations.
The central processes unit is hosted in one single chip called
microprocessor; this microprocessor is connected to other
devices through a main board called Mother Board, which is
installed inside a special cabinet
The unit to measure the processing velocity is the Hertz (Hz)
and its according to the type of microprocessor
.

B.

Software

It is the set of instructions or programs that are introduced in a

computer in order to carry out a process.
To order the variety of software, this is classified in:

1.System software
It administrates and controls the operation of the hardware.
It refers to the operative system and all utility program that
manages the resources of the computer. A utility program
performs a specific task, related to the administration
resources of the system.

2.Application software

It permits to execute specific tasks from the user.

It is composed of applications designed for the final user,
such as Word processors, Spreadsheets, databases, etc.

Bibliography
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Primar
y_storage
2. http://pertutatis.cat/tabla-de-equivalencias-entre-bytes-yyottabyte/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

Operative System:
Is the most important program of a computer. Its defined as the
program that permits the user to take control of the computer, both
software and hardware

1.2.1 FUNCTIONS:
Some of the functions of the operative system:

Is interprets and executes the instructions through the

interference that provided to the user
It optimizes communication between input and output
devices
It coordinates the processing of tasks
It provides diagnostic errors
It serves as a connection to run the application
software

The first program installed in the computer is the operative system

through a process of installation and configuration.

1.2.2 CLASSIFICATION:
The operative system can be classified in the following form:

Multiuser: It permits 2 or more users to execute programs

at the same time.
Multitask: It permits to execute 2 or more programs or
applications at the same time
Multiprocessing: Means of multiprocessing that have more
than 2 processor which operates in the same memory but
execute simultaneously processes

1.2.3 OF INTERFACE:
Is the presentation of the medium where the user introduces commands
to the operative system.

A) Command Line Interface: The operative system provides a

command line in which the user introduces the instructions or
commands formed by characters.
B) Graphical Interface: The execution of commands is achieved by
selective figures or icons.
Some advantages that gives this graphical environment:

The graphical environment is more enjoyable and friendly for the

user
The applications designed to operate with these systems have a
standard design which facilitates their learning

Bibliography:

Textbook Information and Communication Technology 1