Nino Carlo Icaro

BSBM- BAIA
GEN. PSYCHOLOGY
The Case of THE WOMAN WHO DREAMS OF STRESS
Arlene Amarosi, a working mother has been under a lot of distress
this year. She has been having difficulty getting to sleep and often
lies in bed staring at the ceiling while worrying about her problems.
As a result, shes often tired throughout her workday and relies on
coffee and caffeinated energy drinks to keep her going.
Lately, Arlenessleep has been disturbed even more often than
usual. Several times over the past week she has been awakened by
disturbing dreams. In this dreams she is always at work, struggling
to keep up with an impossible workload. She is struggling with the
new software that her company recently trained her to use, but no
matter how fast she goes, she cant keep up with the workflow. The
dream ends when Arlene wakes up in a panic. It often takes Arlene
hours to get back to sleep.

1. Arlene is worried that her recent dream experiences indicate

that something is wrong with her. If you were Arlenes friend
and wanted to reassure her, how would you help her to
understand the normal experience of her dreams?
Answer: She probably in need if break from all the stress in
work. She need a vacation to unwind and relax.
2. Which theory of dreaming seems to best explain Arlenes
disturbing dreams and why?
Answer: Encoding short-term memories into long-term
storage
Maybe dreams are just randomlygenerated stories caused by neural impulses, but perhaps
there's also a reason for them, too. To explore this idea,
psychiatrist Jie Zhang, proposed the continual-activation
theory of dreaming, which refers to the idea that our brains are
always storing memories regardless of whether we're awake or
asleep. But dreams are a kind of "temporary storage" area of
consciousness, a spot where we hold memories before we
move them from short-term to long-term storage.

3. How might meditation help Arlene?

Answer: She needs to reset her body clock. She needs to
adjust the time of her sleep so will have normal sleep and
would not have problems staying awake at work. For her to do
this, she needs to stop taking caffeine and start eating right.
She also needs to take medicine like benzodiazepines and
needs to lessen her anxiety and improve sleep hygiene.
4. If you were Arlenes health care provider, how would you
advice her to overcome her insomia?
Answer: Caffeine makes a person hyper and awake. But this
doesn't mean it is helping a person. Too much caffeine intake
can lead to palpitations and nervousness that makes a person
more anxious. So Arlene might have to lessen the caffeine for
better sleep. Caffeine intake cannot be withdrawn suddenly. So
i would advise her that if she used to have 2 cups a day, she
has to lessen it to 1 cup a day, then next week, she just needs
1 cup every other day.
5. What are some effects on Arlene of her high caffeine intake?
What would happen if she just suddenly stop drinking coffee
and energy drinks? How would you advise her to modify her
caffeine use?

The case of MANAGER WHO DOUBLED PRODUCTIVITY

When Cliff Richards took over as the new department
manager, discovered that the existing staff was unusually inefficient
and unproductive. Cliff learned that the previous manager often
criticized and chided staff members for every little mistake until
many of the best people had left, and the rest felt demoralized.
Cliff resolved not to criticize or punish staff members unless it
was absolutely necessary. Instead, he frequently complimented
them whenever they did a good job. He set daily production goals
for them, and every Friday afternoon he bought lunch for all staff
members who met their goals every day that week. Moreover, Cliff
randomly conducted spot checks on what staff members were doing,
and if he found them hard at work, he gave them small rewards such
as extra break time.
Within just three months, productivity in Cliffs department
nearly doubled. It became the most efficient department in the
company.

1. How did Cliff take advantage of principles of operant

conditioning to modify his staffs behaviour?
Answer:One way that Cliff could take advantage of principles
of operant conditioning to modify his staff behaivor is to give
them consequences for bad behavior. Some people need to
have consequences so that will not try to get away with bad
behavior all of the time.
2. Why did Cliffs predecessors strategy of punishing
undesirablebehaviour not work very well? Even if punishment
and reinforcement strategies were equally effective at
controlling behaviour, why would reinforcement remain
preferable?
Answer:The use of punishment didn't work well for Cliff's
predecessor because he frequently used it and never

reinforced or rewarded good behavior. Reinforcement would

remain preferable at controlling behavior because it is a
presentation of something that is pleasant and rewarding
which will produce a more effective outcome.
3. How did Cliff make use of partial reinforcement schedules?
What kind of schedules did he use?
Answer:Cliff utilized a partial reinforcement schedule by
setting a daily production goal and for those who met their
goals every day that week he rewarded them with lunch on
Fridays. He also, conducted random spot checks on employees
and when found hard at work are rewarded them. It appears
that Cliff used a fixed-interval, variable-interval and fixed-ratio
schedule.
4. How could Cliff use his technique to train his staff to complete
a complex new task that they had never done before?
Answer: Cliff could integrate the process of shaping to train
his staff a complex new task. Shaping allows you to build the
desired behavior in steps and reward those behaviors that
come closer and closer to the final goal. As the employee
masters each step he would require they move to the next one
in order to receive a reward or reinforcement.
5. How might Cliff make use of principles of Cognitive Learning
Theory to improve his staffs productivity even further?
Answer:In cognitive learning the individual learns by listening,
watching, reading, touching or experiencing and then
processing and remembering the information. He could
increase the productivity more by making work and
environment more interesting, challenge the employees more
and increase responsibility. This would fulfill the employees
need for growth and achievement which is good for both
employee and department.

Jhenica Joy Pascual

BSBM- BAIA
GEN. PSYCHOLOGY
The Case of THE WOMAN WHO DREAMS OF STRESS
Arlene Amarosi, a working mother has been under a lot of distress
this year. She has been having difficulty getting to sleep and often
lies in bed staring at the ceiling while worrying about her problems.
As a result, shes often tired throughout her workday and relies on
coffee and caffeinated energy drinks to keep her going.
Lately, Arlenessleep has been disturbed even more often than
usual. Several times over the past week she has been awakened by
disturbing dreams. In this dreams she is always at work, struggling
to keep up with an impossible workload. She is struggling with the
new software that her company recently trained her to use, but no
matter how fast she goes, she cant keep up with the workflow. The
dream ends when Arlene wakes up in a panic. It often takes Arlene
hours to get back to sleep.

6. Arlene is worried that her recent dream experiences indicate

that something is wrong with her. If you were Arlenes friend
and wanted to reassure her, how would you help her to
understand the normal experience of her dreams?
Answer: She probably in need if break from all the stress in
work. She need a vacation to unwind and relax.

7. Which theory of dreaming seems to best explain Arlenes

disturbing dreams and why?
Answer: Encoding short-term memories into long-term
storage
Maybe dreams are just randomlygenerated stories caused by neural impulses, but perhaps
there's also a reason for them, too. To explore this idea,
psychiatrist Jie Zhang, proposed the continual-activation
theory of dreaming, which refers to the idea that our brains are
always storing memories regardless of whether we're awake or
asleep. But dreams are a kind of "temporary storage" area of
consciousness, a spot where we hold memories before we
move them from short-term to long-term storage.

8. How might meditation help Arlene?

Answer: She needs to reset her body clock. She needs to
adjust the time of her sleep so will have normal sleep and
would not have problems staying awake at work. For her to do
this, she needs to stop taking caffeine and start eating right.
She also needs to take medicine like benzodiazepines and
needs to lessen her anxiety and improve sleep hygiene.
9. If you were Arlenes health care provider, how would you
advice her to overcome her insomia?
Answer: Caffeine makes a person hyper and awake. But this
doesn't mean it is helping a person. Too much caffeine intake
can lead to palpitations and nervousness that makes a person
more anxious. So Arlene might have to lessen the caffeine for
better sleep. Caffeine intake cannot be withdrawn suddenly. So
i would advise her that if she used to have 2 cups a day, she
has to lessen it to 1 cup a day, then next week, she just needs
1 cup every other day.
10.
What are some effects on Arlene of her high caffeine
intake? What would happen if she just suddenly stop drinking
coffee and energy drinks? How would you advise her to modify
her caffeine use?

The case of MANAGER WHO DOUBLED PRODUCTIVITY

When Cliff Richards took over as the new department
manager, discovered that the existing staff was unusually inefficient
and unproductive. Cliff learned that the previous manager often
criticized and chided staff members for every little mistake until
many of the best people had left, and the rest felt demoralized.
Cliff resolved not to criticize or punish staff members unless it
was absolutely necessary. Instead, he frequently complimented
them whenever they did a good job. He set daily production goals
for them, and every Friday afternoon he bought lunch for all staff
members who met their goals every day that week. Moreover, Cliff
randomly conducted spot checks on what staff members were doing,
and if he found them hard at work, he gave them small rewards such
as extra break time.
Within just three months, productivity in Cliffs department
nearly doubled. It became the most efficient department in the
company.

6. How did Cliff take advantage of principles

conditioning to modify his staffs behaviour?

of

operant

Answer:One way that Cliff could take advantage of principles

of operant conditioning to modify his staff behaivor is to give
them consequences for bad behavior. Some people need to
have consequences so that will not try to get away with bad
behavior all of the time.
7. Why did Cliffs predecessors strategy of punishing
undesirablebehaviour not work very well? Even if punishment
and reinforcement strategies were equally effective at
controlling behaviour, why would reinforcement remain
preferable?
Answer:The use of punishment didn't work well for Cliff's
predecessor because he frequently used it and never
reinforced or rewarded good behavior. Reinforcement would
remain preferable at controlling behavior because it is a
presentation of something that is pleasant and rewarding
which will produce a more effective outcome.
8. How did Cliff make use of partial reinforcement schedules?
What kind of schedules did he use?
Answer:Cliff utilized a partial reinforcement schedule by
setting a daily production goal and for those who met their
goals every day that week he rewarded them with lunch on
Fridays. He also, conducted random spot checks on employees
and when found hard at work are rewarded them. It appears
that Cliff used a fixed-interval, variable-interval and fixed-ratio
schedule.
9. How could Cliff use his technique to train his staff to complete
a complex new task that they had never done before?
Answer: Cliff could integrate the process of shaping to train
his staff a complex new task. Shaping allows you to build the
desired behavior in steps and reward those behaviors that
come closer and closer to the final goal. As the employee
masters each step he would require they move to the next one
in order to receive a reward or reinforcement.
10.
How might Cliff make use of principles of Cognitive
Learning Theory to improve his staffs productivity even
further?
Answer:In cognitive learning the individual learns by listening,
watching, reading, touching or experiencing and then
processing and remembering the information. He could
increase the productivity more by making work and
environment more interesting, challenge the employees more

and increase responsibility. This would fulfill the employees

need for growth and achievement which is good for both
employee and department.