Section 24.

Disqualification by reason of privileged

communication. The following persons cannot testify as to
matters learned in confidence in the following cases:
(a)

The husband or the wife, during or after the

marriage, cannot be examined without the
consent of the other as to any communication
received in confidence by one from the other
during the marriage except in a civil case by
one against the other, or in a criminal case for
a crime committed by one against the other
or the latter's direct descendants or
ascendants;

(b)

An attorney cannot, without the consent of his

client, be examined as to any communication
made by the client to him, or his advice given
thereon in the course of, or with a view to,
professional employment, nor can an
attorney's secretary, stenographer, or clerk be
examined, without the consent of the client
and his employer, concerning any fact the
knowledge of which has been acquired in
such capacity;

(c)

(c) A person authorized to practice medicine,

surgery or obstetrics cannot in a civil case,
without the consent of the patient, be
examined as to any advice or treatment given
by him or any information which he may have
acquired in attending such patient in a
professional capacity, which information was
necessary to enable him to act in capacity,
and which would blacken the reputation of
the patient;

(d)

(e)

A minister or priest cannot, without the

consent of the person making the confession,
be examined as to any confession made to or
any advice given by him in his professional
character in the course of discipline enjoined
by the church to which the minister or priest
belongs;
A public officer cannot be examined during
his term of office or afterwards, as to
communications made to him in official
confidence, when the court finds that the
public interest would suffer by the disclosure.
(21a)
RULE 28

Physical and Mental Examination of Persons

Section 1. When examination may be ordered.
In an action in which the mental or physical
condition of a party is in controversy, the court in
which the action is pending may in its discretion

order him to submit to a physical or mental

examination by a physician. (1)
Section 2. Order for examination. The order for
examination may be made only on motion for good
cause shown and upon notice to the party to be
examined and to all other parties, and shall specify
the time, place, manner, conditions and scope of
the examination and the person or persons by
whom it is to be made. (2)
Section 3. Report of findings. If requested by
the party examined, the party causing the
examination to be made shall deliver to him a copy
of a detailed written report of the examining
physician setting out his findings and conclusions.
After such request and delivery, the party causing
the examination to be made shall be entitled upon
request to receive from the party examined a like
report of any examination, previously or thereafter
made, of the same mental or physical condition. If
the party examined refuses to deliver such report,
the court on motion and notice may make an order
requiring delivery on such terms as are just, and if
a physician fails or refuses to make such a report
the court may exclude his testimony if offered at
the trial. (3a)
Section 4. Waiver of privilege. By requesting
and obtaining a report of the examination so
ordered or by taking the deposition of the
examiner, the party examined waives any privilege
he may have in that action or any other involving
the same controversy, regarding the testimony of
every other person who has examined or may
thereafter examine him in respect of the same
mental or physical examination. (4)
RA 7653(New Central Bank Act)
SECTION 16. Responsibility. Members of the Monetary Board,
officials, examiners, and employees of the Bangko Sentral who willfully
violate this Act or who are guilty of negligence, abuses or acts of
malfeasance or misfeasance or fail to exercise extraordinary diligence
in the performance of his duties shall be held liable for any loss or
injury suffered by the Bangko Sentral or other banking institutions as a
result of such violation, negligence, abuse, malfeasance, misfeasance
or failure to exercise extraordinary diligence. Similar responsibility shall
apply to members, officers, and employees of the Bangko Sentral for:
(1) the disclosure of any information of a confidential nature, or any
information on the discussions or resolutions of the Monetary Board, or
about the confidential operations of the Bangko Sentral, unless the
disclosure is in connection with the performance of official functions
with the Bangko Sentral, or is with prior authorization of the Monetary
Board or the Governor; or (2) the use of such information for personal
gain or to the detriment of the Government, the Bangko Sentral or third
parties: Provided, however, That any data or information required to be
submitted to the President and/or the Congress, or to be published
under the provisions of this Act shall not be considered confidential.

Rule 130
2. Testimonial Privilege
Section 25. Parental and filial privilege. No person may be
compelled to testify against his parents, other direct ascendants,
children or other direct descendants. (20a)
NCC - Article 215. Each spouse shall proportionately bear the family
expenses.
RA 53 - AN ACT TO EXEMPT THE PUBLISHER, EDITOR OR
REPORTER OF ANY PUBLICATION FROM REVEALING THE
SOURCE OF PUBLISHED NEWS OR INFORMATION OBTAINED IN
CONFIDENCE
Section 1. The publisher, editor or duly accredited reporter of
any newspaper, magazine or periodical of general circulation
cannot be compelled to reveal the source of any news-report or
information appearing in said publication which was related in
confidence to such publisher, editor or reporter, unless the court
or a House or committee of Congress finds that such revelation is
demanded by the interest of the State.
chan robles virtual law library
Sec. 2. All provisions of law or rules of court inconsistent with
this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
chan robles virtual law library
Sec. 3.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

RA 1477
AN ACT AMENDING SECTION ONE OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED
FIFTY-THREE, ENTITLED AN ACT TO EXEMPT THE PUBLISHER,
EDITOR, COLUMNIST OR REPORTER OF ANY PUBLICATION
FROM REVEALING THE SOURCE OF PUBLISHED NEWS OR
INFORMATION OBTAINED IN CONFIDENCE
Section 1. Section one of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-three is
amended to read as follows:
Section 1. Without prejudice to his liability under the civil and criminal
laws, the publisher, editor, columnist or duly accredited reporter of any
newspaper, magazine or periodical of general circulation cannot be
compelled to reveal the source of any news-report or information
appearing in said publication which was related in confidence to such
publisher, editor or reporter unless the court or a House or committee
of Congress finds that such revelation is demanded by the security of
the State.
Section 2. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Section 11. The following acts and the causing thereof are hereby
prohibited: (a) The manufacture, sale, offering for sale or transfer of
any food, drug, device or cosmetic that is adulterated or misbranded.

(f) The using by any person to his own advantage, or revealing, other
than to the Secretary or officers or employees of the Department or to
the courts when relevant in any judicial proceeding under this Act, any
information acquired under authority of Section nine, or concerning any
method or process which as a trade secret is entitled to protection.
(g) The alteration, mutilation, destruction, obliteration, or removal of the
whole or any part of the labeling of, or the doing of any other act with
respect to, a food, drug, device, or cosmetic, if such act is done while
such article is held for sale (whether or not the first sale) and results in
such article being adulterated or misbranded.
Section 7: protection of undisclosed information back to top
Article 39
1. In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair
competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967),
Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with
paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental
agencies in accordance with paragraph 3.
2. Natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing
information lawfully within their control from being disclosed to,
acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner
contrary to honest commercial practices (10) so long as such
information:
(a) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the
precise configuration and assembly of its components,
generally known among or readily accessible to persons within
the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in
question;
(b) has commercial value because it is secret; and
(c) has been subject to reasonable steps under the
circumstances, by the person lawfully in control of the
information, to keep it secret.
3. Members, when requiring, as a condition of approving the marketing
of pharmaceutical or of agricultural chemical products which utilize new
chemical entities, the submission of undisclosed test or other data, the
origination of which involves a considerable effort, shall protect such
data against unfair commercial use. In addition, Members shall protect
such data against disclosure, except where necessary to protect the
public, or unless steps are taken to ensure that the data are protected
against unfair commercial use.

Approved, June 15, 1956.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 3720
AN ACT TO ENSURE THE SAFETY AND PURITY OF FOODS,
DRUGS, AND COSMETICS BEING MADE AVAILABLE TO THE
PUBLIC BY CREATING THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
WHICH SHALL ADMINISTER AND ENFORCE THE LAWS
PERTAINING THERETO.

RULE 3
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS
SEC. 3. Privileged communication. The confidential character of a
privileged communications is not solely on the ground that it is in the
form of an electronic document.