Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

KINH T HC VI M
DNH CHO CHNH SCH CNG

TH LC TH TRNG
C QUYN BN

12/7/2009

Cac chu e thao luan

oc quyen ban la g?

Nguon goc cua oc quyen ban?

Cac muc tieu, gii han, va quyet nh ve gia ban

hoac san lng cua nha oc quyen ban

o lng sc manh oc quyen

Chi ph xa hoi do sc manh oc quyen ban

Kiem soat oc quyen

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Canh tranh hoan hao

Nh lai cac gia nh cua canh tranh hoan toan:

Co nhieu ngi mua va ngi ban

Khong co rao can gia nhap va rut khoi th trng
San pham ong nhat
Thong tin hoan hao
Chi ph giao dch bang 0

He qua:

Doanh nghiep chap nhan gia: P = LMC = LAC

Li nhuan kinh te trong dai han bang 0

Canh tranh hoan hao

Th trng

P
D

P
S

LMC

P0

P0

Q0

ang Van Thanh

Moi doanh nghiep

12/7/2009

LAC

d = MR = AR

q0

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

oc quyen ban la g?
1. Mot ngi ban Nhieu ngi mua
2. Mot san pham (khong co san pham thay the gan)
3. Co rao can ngan cac DN khac gia nhap nganh

Nguon goc cua oc quyen ban

e co oc quyen, phai ton tai rao can gia nhap nganh

Kinh te: Li the theo quy mo (dan ti oc quyen t nhien)

Phap ly:

Quyen s hu tr tue (patent, copyrights)

S cho phep cua chnh phu (thng la s hp thc hoa oc quyen t
nhien hoac la e phuc vu cac muc tieu cua nha nc)

Ky thuat: Ngoai tac mang li (network externality)

Li ch cua mot san pham/dch vu tang khi so ngi s dung tang

V du: Ban phm QWERTY, Windows vs. Apple, ien thoai v.v.

12/7/2009

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Muc tieu, gii han, va quyet nh

cua nha oc quyen ban

Muc tieu?
Gii han (rang buoc)?

Chi ph:

Cong nghe san xuat

Gia au vao

Nhu cau th trng

Quyet nh

Gia ban hoac

San lng

12/7/2009

Quyet nh cua nha oc quyen ban

ng cau trc DN chnh la ng cau th trng

ng cau cua DN oc quyen tuan theo quy luat cau
Nguyen tac toi a hoa li nhuan van la: MR = MC
ng doanh thu bien (MR)

Nam di ng cau D (hay MR < P).

Tai sao?
So sanh vi canh tranh hoan toan: MR = P

Quan he cua MR va (D) khi ng cau co dang tuyen tnh

12/7/2009

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Doanh thu trung bnh va doanh thu bien

$/san pham

ng cau (Doanh thu trung bnh AR)

QD = - aQ + b

D.thu bien
MR= -2aQ + b

Li nhuan at toi a khi MR = MC

$/san pham
P1
P*
P2
Li nhuan giam
D = AR
MR
Q1

Q*

Q2

12/7/2009

ang Van Thanh

Li nhuan giam
Q
10

12/7/2009

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Li nhuan at toi a khi MR = MC

Khi Q < Q*, do MC < MR nen khi tang san lng

li nhuan se tang them.
Khi Q > Q*, do MC > MR nen khi giam san lng
li nhuan se tang them.
Khi Q = Q*, thoa ieu kien MC = MR th li nhuan
at toi a

Khi ng cau dch chuyen

$/Q
MC
B

Cau tang:
- Gia tang
- Lng tang

12/7/2009

ang Van Thanh

MR1

MR2

12/7/2009

D1

D2

Q
12

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Khi ng chi ph MC dch chuyen

$/Q

MC1
MC2
A
B

MC giam:
- Gia giam
- Lng tang
- Mot phan li ch do gia
giam c chuyen cho NTD

D2

MR
12/7/2009

Q
13

Quy tac nh gia

MR

dTR
dQ

MR

Ep

MR

ang Van Thanh

d ( PQ )
dQ
dP
dQ

Q
P

dP
dQ

dQ
Q

dP

1
Ep

12/7/2009

P 1

1
Ep

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Quy tac nh gia

MR
1 (1/ E p )

Li nhuan at toi a khi MC = MR, nen:

MC
1 1 Ep

Quy tac nh gia

1
Ep

MC
P

Phan cong them vao chi ph bien e co c gia

ban la nghch ao cua o co gian cua cau.
Ep la so am, va neu co tr tuyet oi ln th gia (P)
cang gan chi ph bien (MC) va ngc lai.

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Sc manh oc quyen ban

o lng sc manh oc quyen

Trong trng hp canh tranh hoan hao: P = MR = MC

Sc manh oc quyen ban: P > MC

He so o lng sc manh oc quyen ban

L = (P - MC)/P

Gia tr L cang ln (trong khoang 0 ti 1) the lc oc

quyen ban cang ln.

Bieu dien L theo khai o co gian EP

L = (P - MC)/P = -1/EP

o co gian cua cau va li nhuan

$/Q

$/Q

Cau cang co gian, li

nhuan cang nho

P*

MC

MC

P*
AR

P*-MC

MR
AR
MR

Q*

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

Q*

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Phan tch phuc li khi co oc quyen ban

Sc manh oc quyen ban lam cho gia ca cao hn va

san lng thap hn.
Tuy nhien, sc manh oc quyen ban lam cho phuc
li xa hoi (cua ngi tieu dung va nha san xuat) cao
hay thap hn?

Ton that phuc li xa hoi do oc quyen ban

Do gia cao hn, ngi tieu dung mat
A+B va nha san xuat thu c A-C.

$/Q

Thang d ngi tieu dung b mat

DWL

MC

Pm

B
C

PC

AR
MR
Qm

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

QC

10

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Chi ph xa hoi do oc quyen ban

Tm kiem ac li (rent seeking)

Cac doanh nghiep co the chi tien e co c oc

quyen ban bang cach
Van ong hanh lang
Xay dng nha may co cong suat d tha

Chi ph xa hoi do oc quyen ban

oc quyen ban t nhien

Mot doanh nghiep co the san xuat bang san lng cua ca
mot nganh vi chi ph thap hn la e cho nhieu doanh
nghiep cung tham gia san xuat.

ang Van Thanh

12/7/2009

11

Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2005 - 2006

Kinh te Vi mo

Bai phat 11

Quy nh quan ly gia oi vi oc quyen t nhien

$/Q

Khong quan ly gia, nha oc quyen se

san xuat tai Qm va ban tai Pm.
Neu gia quy nh =PC, doanh nghiep se lo va rut
lui khoi nganh. e doanh nghiep tiep tuc hoat
ong va DWL=0, chnh phu phai cap bu nh ph
Quy nh gia = Pr thu c san lng
kha thi cao nhat, li nhuan kinh te= 0,
chnh phu khong cap bu va DWL>0

Pm

AC

Pr

MC

PC

AR
MR
Qm

Qr

QC

Chi ph xa hoi do oc quyen ban

Cac quy nh quan ly gia

Rat kho khan e xac nh chi ph cua doanh nghiep va cac

ham cau trc doanh nghiep thng thay oi theo ieu
kien th trng.

Cac quy nh quan ly gia

Ky thuat xac nh gia--suat sinh li quy nh cho phep

cac doanh nghiep nh mc gia toi a da tren suat sinh
li ky vong hay suat sinh li thc te.

ang Van Thanh

P = AVC + (D + T + sK)/Q, trong o

P = Gia, AVC = Chi ph bien oi bnh quan
D = Khau hao, T = Thue
s = suat sinh li cho phep, K = von doanh nghiep

12/7/2009

12