Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Bai giang 22

Kinh te vi mo

NGOI TAC

Slide 1

Ngoai tac la g?
Ngoai tac la s tac ong ra ben ngoai cua oi tng nay
en li ch hay chi ph cua oi tng khac ma khong
thong qua giao dch va khong c phan anh qua gia ca.

Lam tang li ch
(giam chi ph) la
ngoai tac tch cc

Lam giam li ch
(tang chi ph) la
ngoai tac tieu cc

oi khi c goi la nhng tac ong en ben th ba.

Slide 2

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Bai giang 22

Kinh te vi mo

V du ve ngoai tac
Ngoai tac tieu cc

Ngoai tac tch cc

Khu

cong nghiep gay o

nhiem nguon nc
Nha may san xuat gay
ra tieng on, khoi bui.
Hang xom on ao
Khoi thuoc la

te d phong (ngan chan

benh truyen nhiem)
Giao duc cong ong
Nghien cu khoa hoc c
ban
Nang cap nha

Slide 3

Cach phan loai khac v ngoai tac

San xuat san xuat

Tieu dung san xuat

Nha may ng va nuoi ca

be
Ngi trong hoa va ngi
nuoi ong

San xuat tieu dung

Nha may thuoc la

khu dan c
Nha may xi mang- khu
dan c va ngi i
ng

Nc thai sinh hoatsan xuat muoi

Nc thai sinh hoatnuoi tom

Tieu dung tieu dung

Karaoke va oc sach
Hang xom trong hoa
Nc thai sinh hoatngi i ng
Slide 4

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Bai giang 22

Kinh te vi mo

Tai sao ngoai tac la mot that bai

cua th trng?
V ngoai tac dan en viec s dung nguon
lc kem hieu qua (phuc li xa hoi khong
ln nhat).
Cu the:

San xuat qua nhieu nhng hang hoa gay ra ngoai

tac tieu cc, va
Cung ng qua t nhng hang hoa, dch vu tao ra
ngoai tac tch cc
Slide 5

Hieu qua th trng

(khi khong co ngoai tac)
MSB
MSC

D (MSB=MPB)

S (MSC=MPC)

CS

Th trng at hieu qua:

MSB = MSC

PS

Phuc li xa hoi ln nhat:

NW = CS + PS

P*

San lng

Q*

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009

Slide 6

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Bai giang 22

Kinh te vi mo

Ngoai tac tieu cc va tnh phi hieu qua

MSC=MPC + MEC
MSB
MSC

MSB

MPC
A

Chi ph ngoai tac bien (MEC)

Ngoai tac tieu cc khien cho
MSC > MSB dan ti san xuat
va tieu dung qua nhieu.

E*
E

va gay ra ton that xa hoi

(tam giac mau hong)
Q*

San lng

Slide 7

Chi ph cua ngoai tac tieu cc

Khi co ngoai tac tieu Cong ty at li nhuan toi a tai q1 trong
khi mc xuat lng hieu qua la q*.
cc, MSC > MPC
Gia

MSC

Gia

San lng canh tranh cua

nganh la Q1 trong khi san
lng hieu qua la Q*.
MSCI

MPC

S = MPCI
Ton that xa hoi
do ngoai tac
tieu cc

P*
P1

P1
MECI
MEC
D
q* q1

ang Van Thanh

Xuat lng cua cong ty

12/10/2009

Q* Q1

Xuat lng cua nganh

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Bai giang 22

Kinh te vi mo

Ngoai tac tch cc va tnh phi hieu qua

MSB
MSC MPB

MSB=MPB+MEB
MSC
A
E*
E

Li ch ngoai tac bien (MEB)

MSB > MSC dan ti tieu
dung di mc hieu qua.
va gay ra ton that xa hoi
( tam giac mau hong)

So lng

Q*

Slide 9

Ngoai tac va tnh phi hieu qua

Vi

hang hoa gay nen ngoai tac tieu cc, do

MSC>MSB nen hang hoa nay co khuynh hng
c san xuat va tieu dung qua nhieu.

Vi

hang hoa gay nen ngoai tac tch cc, do

MSB>MSC nen hang hoa nay co khuynh hng
c san xuat va tieu dung qua t.

Slide 10

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Kinh te vi mo

Bai giang 22

Giai phap khac phuc ngoai tac

Ngoai

tac a dang va phc tap

Khong co giai phap duy nhat phu hp cho moi
tnh huong.
Chu yeu la giai phap cua chnh phu, t co giai
phap t nhan.
La chon giai phap, nha lam chnh sach can
chu y en nhieu tieu ch
Slide 11

Cac tieu ch la chon giai phap

Tnh

hieu qua (chon mc xa thai toi u)

Tnh cong bang (phan chia li ch va chi ph gia cac
nhom ganh chu va gay ra ngoai tac)
De quan ly thc hien.
Tnh linh hoat (ieu kien th trng thay oi, thong tin
mi, ky thuat c cai tien)
Tnh khong chac chan (khong the d tru het tac ong
cua ngoai tac nen tien lieu co s ieu chnh)
ong c khuyen khch
Slide 12

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009

Chng trnh Giang day Kinh te Fulbright

Nam hoc 2007 - 2008

Kinh te vi mo

Bai giang 22

Cac giai phap khac phuc ngoai tac

T

nguyen
anh thue
Ngan cam.
Tr cap
Chia tach
Ch th (yeu cau cat giam o nhiem mot
lng nhat nh)
ieu tiet (tieu chuan chat thai, tieu chuan ky
thuat)
Giay phep xa thai co the chuyen nhng
Slide 13

ang Van Thanh

12/10/2009