Design of one way slab

Classification of slab:On the basis of shape square, circular, triangular etc.

b) On the basis of supporting condition simply supported along
it edge continues slab running over number of support,
cantilever slab fixed at one end and free at other end, flat slab
directly supported by column
c) On the basis of spanning direction- one way slab (when the
main reinforcement is in one direction), two way (when the
main steel is provided in two or orthogonal directions.
a)

Lx

Ly

Ly

One way
Ly
>2
Lx

1.

Lx

Two way
Ly
<=2
Lx

Effective Span (clause 22.2):a) simply supported slab

The effective span of member that is not built integrally
with it support shall be the least of the following.
i. Clear span + d (effective depth of slab).

ii.

Center to center of support.

For continues slab.

If the width of support is less than 1/12 of clear
span the effective span shall be as a).if the support
are wider than 1/12 of the clear span or 600mm
which ever is less the effective span should be
taken as under.
i. For end span with one end fixed and other
continues or for intermediate span.
Effective span =clear span between two
support
ii. For end span with one end fixed and other
continues
Effective span =clear span +half the effective
depth of slab or beam.
Or
Effective span =clear span +half the width of
discontinues support.
Which ever is less.
2. Trial Depth
b)

Depth of slab is governed by serviceability requirement of

deflections.
Calculate the depth of slab based on L/d ratio.
D=

span
+ effective cov er
allowable L / d ratio

D=

L
+d'
ra

d ' = cov er +half of dia . of bar

Cover = min. 20mm

Table 16 clause 26.4.2 IS456-2000

Allowable L/d ratio = ra = basic L/d ratio X modification

factor (1)
Basic L/d ratio (IS456-2000, C-23.2.1)
Basic values of span for effective depth ratio for span up to
10m
Cantilever 7m
Simply supported 20m
Continues 26m
Modification factors () depends upon Pt% [c-23.2.1 (e)]

Modification factor

For span above 10m, the value in (a) may be multiplied by

10/span in meters, except for cantilever in which case
defection should be made.
Ast % the in (a) & (b) shall be modified by multiplying
with the modification factor as per fig. given below.

Fs = 0.58 fy

3.

Fs=120
Fs=145

Area of c / s of steel required

Areaof c / s of steel provided

Loads:Calculate load in KN/m on 1m wide strip of the slab.

Dead load = self weight of slab + floor finish.

Live load = 2 to 2.5 (use IS875-part II)
Total working load = DL+LL
Total ultimate load = Wu = 1.5 (DL+LL)
4. Design Moments:For simply supported slab Mu = Wu
For continous slab Mu =
Where

wu d

wul

l2
8

wu d l 2 +l wul l 2

= 1.5 DL
= 1.5 LL

Moments and shear coefficient for continuous beam. ( Table 12

and 13 )
For moments at support where two unequal span meet or in
case where the span are not equally loaded, the average of
two values for the negative moment at the support may be
taken for the design.
Clause 22.5.2

Check for concrete depth:-

Since the depth of the slab is obtained from serviceability

consideration it is required to be checked from bending
moment requirements.
Calculate maximum moment carrying capacity of the section
M ur max = Ru max bd

For slab b = 1000 mm

(R

= for fe 415 =0.138 fck )

(R

= moment of resistance factor)

If

max

u max

u max

M ur

>

M ur

Then the section is adequate from bending moment

requirements.
d =

M u max
R u max 1000

Which shall be less than the

provided
If the above condition is not satisfied provide the depth
required from bending moment consideration.
Main steel:Ast =

0.5 Fck
Fy

1 1 4.6 Mu

Fck bd 2

bd

Where b = 1000 mm > Ast min

Ast min = 0.12% bd for (1+YSD bar)
(Fe 415 & Fe 500)
= 0.15% bd for Fe 250

1000 ast

Required spacing s = Ast

ast = area of c/s of one bar
Ast = total area of steel required
The spacing shall not exceed 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.
Check for deflection:Calculate Pt % = 100 Ast / bd
Where Ast is the maximum area of steel required at mid span
assumed.
D ser =

span
+effective cov er
basicL / d

Check that D >

D ser

8. Distribution of steel:0.12

Required Ast = 100

b D

for Fe 415

0.15

= 100 b D for Fe 250

Where b =1000mm and D is the overall depth
Maximum spacing csd or 450 m whichever is less
9. Check for shear:Calculate maximum shear Vu max as per table 13 (IS456)
J =Vu max / area of cross section
&
Obtain design shear stress J corresponding to Pt = 100 Ast / bd
(from table 19)
Calculate shear resistance of slab
Internal stress = K J
K factor to increase in the resistance to shear due to membrane
action of slab and is given in table.
v

vc

vc

Overall 300 or
depth
more
of slab
in mm
K
1.00

If

J v c > J v max

275

250

225

200

175

150 or
less

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.20

1.50

1.30

the safe else increase the thickness of slab.

9. Check for development length:The length of the bars provided for resisting ve moment should
not be less than +ve development length given by
Ld = K =

0.87 fy

4 J bd

0 .5 A s t2

D is t r ib u t io n s te e l

A s t1

L1
0 .1 5 L 1

0 .2 5 L 1

0 .2 5 L 2

Example: - design a simply supported rcc slab for a roof of hall

4m x 10m (inside dimension) with 230mm wall all around.
Assume a live load of 4 KN/ m 2 and finish 1 KN/ m 2 . Use M25 and
Fe 415
Solution: - data given
Room size = 4 x 10 m
Wall thickness = 230
LL = 4 KN/ m 2
FF = 1 KN/ m 2
Required find depth, Ast.

Step 1. Calculation of load.

span
4000
Assume d = 28 = 28 = 142.8 143 mm
(28=20x1.4=28)
Total depth = 143+5+20=168 170
Dead load = 0.17 x 25 = 4.25 KN/ m 2
FF = 1.0 KN/ m 2
Total D.L = 5.25 KN/ m 2
LL = 4.0 KN/ m 2
Factored design load = 1.5(5.25+4) = 13.875 KN/ m 2

Span length of slab

Span = effective span + d = 4+0.143 =4.143 m
Ultimate moment and shear:M =

wl 2 13 .875 4.143 2
=
= 29 .77 KNm
8
8

M =

wl
13 .875 4.143
=
= 28 .74 KNm
2
2

3. Check the depth for the bending:M=0.138 Fck b d 2

29 .77 10 6 = 0.138 25 1000 d 2

d = 9 .8 2m 9 d =m1 4 3

OK

4. rough calculation for shear:-

v 2 .78 41 0 0 0
v= =
= 0.2 c (0.3 )6
b d 1 0 10 40 3
c

For grade of concrete M25 is 0.36

Hence OK for shear.
5. Calculation of steel area:
Ast fy
mu =0.87 fy Ast d
1 bd fck

29.77 x 10

Ast 415

= 0.87 415 Ast 143 1

1000 143 25

= 51630.15 Ast -5.99343

Ast

8614 .4578

(8614 .4578 ) 2

4 4967105 .647

= 622

5. main steel:Using 10 bar.

78500
Spacing = 622 125 c / c
Ast provided = 628 mm 2
% Ast = 0.439% 0.42%

6.

- 8614.4578 Ast + 4967105.647=0

Ast =
Ast

Ast

check for central of crack:Min pt = 0.12

As =

0.12 1000 170

= 204 m 2
100

Hence ok for crack control

Dia =

170
8

=21.25>10mm provided ok.

Max spacing not more than 300. ok

7. recheck for shear
628 100

p= 1000 143 = 0.46 %

Reference table 19

c = 0.4692 N / mm 2

8. check for deflection

Basic span to depth ratio =20
Multiplying factor for Ast =0.42% =1.40
Allowable L/d =1.40 x 20 =28
Assumed is also 28 hence ok
Hence safe in deflection
Secondary steel
0.12 b D

0.12 1000 170

=
= 204 mm
As =
100
100
Spacing less than = 5d or 450 mm
=715 or 450 mm
Hence ok

DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS SLABS

Design the interior span of a continuous one way slab for an office
floor continuous over T beams spaced at 4m centers.
Fck = 25N/ mm 2 and Fe = 415 steel
1. Calculate factored load
span

4000

Assume d = 30 = 30 = 135 mm
Total depth =135+5+20=160mm
Dead load =0.16 x 25=4.0 KN/ m 2
Floor finish
= 1.0 KN/ m 2
Total

= 5.0 KN/ m 2

Live load for office floor = 3.0 KN/ m 2

Ratio of LL/DL =0.6 less than 0.75
(Separate analysis of DL+LL not needed)
Design factored load = 1.5(5+3) =12 KN/ m 2
2. Ultimate moments
wl 2 12 4 2
=
= 16 KNm
12
12
wl 2 12 4 2
=
= 8KNm
24
24

At interior support =
At interior span =

3. Check depth for moment

Mu= 0.138 fck b d 2
d = 68 mm
4. Rough check for shear
12 4
V= 2 = 24 KN

adopt d= 135mm

v =

24 1000
= 0.177
1000 135

c min

c = 0.36 N / mm 2

For M25

OK

5. Calculation of steel areas

Adopted depth is greater than required.
Hence section is under reinforced.
At support
Ast 415

16 10 6 = 0.87 415 Ast 135 1

1000

25

135

=48741.75 Ast 5.9934 x

Ast

- 8133.11 Ast

Ast

16 10 6
=0
5.9934

16 10 6
8133 .11 8133 .11 2 4
5.9934 = 343 mm 2

Min area of steel

0.12 bD 0.12 1000 160
= 100 =
100

OK

=192 mm 2

343
=
=172 mm < min 192
At interior span Ast = Ast
2
2
Hence provide minimum steel 192 mm 2
Main steel at support = 8 of e 130 c/c (Ast=384) (0.284%)
Ast interior
=8 of 260 c/c (Ast=192) (0.142%)
2

6. Check for deflection at middle of slab

Basic L/d ratio = 26
Asr
192
F1= 0.58 x fy Asp = 0.58 415 192
= 240.7
Modification factor = 2
So allowable ratio is 2 x 26 =52

Given are 30

hence OK

7. Check for cracking

Steel are greater than 0.12% OK
Spacing less than 3d = 3 x 135 = 405
Spacing less than 300
OK
Diameter of rod < D/8 (160/8 = 20mm)

OK

8. Check for shear

v is very less than c min

OK

9. Check for top steel

For T- beam action
the detailing arrangement provide more than 60% of main steel in
mid span of the slab as transverse steel
OK

9. development length
Ld =

0.87 fy
4 bd

Minimum embedment length into the support = Ld/3

Length of bar embedment into the support
= width of support- clear side cover

Example:-Design a cantilever porch of size 2500 mm wide and

5000 mm long is to be provided at a height of 3 m from floor level.
The porch slab which overhangs 2500 mm beyond the face of the
beam into be cast in flush with the top face of the beam
Assume live load = 0.75 KN / m 2
Floor finish = 0.8 KN / m 2
Concrete M20 and Fe 415
Solution:.1

effective span =

( 200 +100

2
2500 +
2

) 20

= 2565

The trial depth L/d =7

Modification factor is 2
For
Fe250, fs=0.58 x fy
=0.58 x 250 =145
Pt % is 0.4
Hence allowable L/d is 7 x 2 = 14
Required d = 2565/4 = 180
Assuming 10 bar effective cover = 15 + 10/2 = 20 mm
Provide total depth of 200 mm
d = 200-20=180 mm
Let the overall depth of the slab be reduced to 100 mm at the
cantilever and where bending moment is zero.
2. Loads
Consider 1 m width of slab
Self weight of slab = (0.2+0.1)/2 x 25 =3.75 KN/m
Weight due to finish
= 0.80 KN/m
Live load
=0.75 KN/m

Total
= 5.30 KN/m
Ultimate load per meter
Wu = 5.3 x 1.5 = 7.95 KN/m
Maximum bending moment (-ve) at the face of support
Mu = Wu x

L12 / 2 = 7.95

2.5 2
= 24 .84 KNm
2

4. Depth from bending moment consideration

M ur max = 2.97 1000 180

= (0.149 f ck bd

10 6 = 96 .2 KNm >> 24 .84 KNm

Or
24 .84 10 6 = 2.97 1000 d 2

d = 91.45<< d consider (180)

Hence ok

5. Area of steel
Ast 2 =

0.5 20
4.6 24 .84 10 6
1 1
1000 180
250
20 1000 180 2

=666 mm

Using 10 bar
spacing =

1000 78 .5
= 117 mm
666

Provide 10 @ 110 c/c

Area provided=1000 x 78.5/110 =713

mm 2

Curtailment of steel
It is proposed to curtail 50% of the steel required at the support
since the depth of the slab is tapering and bending moment
variations parabolic the area of reinforcement will get reduced to
half at a distance greater than half the span from the free end.
Bending moment at 1.6 m

1.6 2

Mu
=
7
.
45

= 10 .176

Total depth of slab at 1.6 m from free end

= 100 + 1.6(200-100)/2.5= 164 mm
d = 164 -20 =144 mm
Ast 2 =

0.5 20
4.6 10 .176 10 6
1 1
1000 144
250
20 1000 144 2

= 335 mm 2 < (713/2) provided at support

Distance from support 2800-1600=900
Curtail 50% of the bars at a distance greater of the following
a) 900+12 = 900+120 =1020 mm
b) 900+ d = 900+144= 1044 mm
So curtail 50% of steel at a distance 1050 mm from support
6. Distribution steel
Area required = 1.5 D = 1.5(200+100)/2 =225
Spacing = 1000 x 28/225 = 124 mm
Provide 6 @ 120 mm c/c
7.

mm 2

check for deflection

Pt (say) = 100 x 666/ (1000 x 180) = 0.37 % < 0.4%

OK

Or
Pt provided = 100 x 113/ (1000 x 180) = 0.4%
Required d = 2565/ 7 x 2 = 180

8.

check for development length

0.87 250

Ld = 4 1.2 10 = 460 mm
Available length = 900 mm > Ld

OK

Continuous one way slab

u = 2.5 KN/ m 2

Fck = 15 N/ mm 2
Fe- 415
Factored load

3m

3m

3m

1) Assume d

span
3000
=
= 88 .75 100
26 1.3 26 1.3

D =120

Dead load = 0.12 x 25 = 3.00 KN/ m 2

Floor finish
1.00 KN/ m 2
Total

4.00 KN/ m 2
= 2.5 KN/ m 2

Live load
Rating LL/DL

= 2.5/4.00 = 0.625 < 0.75

2) moments
Middle of the end part (at Ast support
centre)
next to end
support
DL
LL
DL
LL
wl 2
12
4 1.5 3 2
= 4.5
12

Total

wl 2
10

1
10

1
9

=3.375 =5.4

=7.875

=3.75

=9.15

Mid of mid span

DL

LL

At support of
intermediate
span
DL LL

1
16

1
12

1
12

=3.375

=2.8125

=4.5 =3.75

=6.1875

1
9

=8.25

-9.15

-8.25

7.875

Mu = 0.138 fck bd

d=

-9.15
6.1875

7.875

9.15 10 6
= 67 mm
1000 0.138 15

d = 120-15-5=100mm
3) rough check for shear
v=

total load span

( 4 + 2.5) 1.5 3
=
= 14 .625
2
2

v =

14 .625 1000
= 0.14625 N / m 2
1000 100

4) calculation of steel area

Ast of middle leg and span

< 0.28 for

100 Ast
= 0.15
bd

OK

Ast 415

7.878 10 6 = 0.87 415 Ast 100 1

100
1000 10

7.878 10 6 = 361 .05 Ast 998 .90 Ast 2

7.875 10 6
Ast 2 36 .1445 Ast +
=0
998 .90

Ast =

36 .1445 (36 .1445 ) 2 4

7.875 10 6
998 .90

2 1

Check for deflection of middle span

7) Check for cracking
Ast greater than 0.12%
Spacing less than 3d or 300 mm
Dia of bar < D/8
8) Check for shear
9) Check for top steel for T-beam action

One way slab

Syllabus- assign of simply supported, cantilever, continuous
over beam with IS coefficient.
Que- design a one way slab continuous on four support
subjected to udl of 2.5 KN/ m 2 . Take floor finish as 0.75 KN/ m 2
. The c/c distance between two successive supports is 3m. And
it is constant for other spans also use m115 grade of concrete
and steel grade concrete fe415
Que- a cantilever beam projecting out 2 m from the face of
the support carries an udl of 25 KN/m over its entire length
and a concentrated load of 5 KN at its free end. Design the
beam, using concrete M15 and steel fe415. Assume width of
beam = width of support = 300 mm. design also the shear
reinforcement
(S-99)
Que- a hall of dimension 21m x 8 m effective is provided
with monolithic slab and beam floor with beams provided at
3.5 m c/c. the slab is 120 mm thick and carries a live load of
4 KN/ m 2 and finishing load of 1 KN/ m 2 . Design an
intermediate beam if web width is 230 mm. also design the
shear reinforcement for the beam. Sketch the reinforcement
details for the beam. Use M20 concrete and fe415 steel.
Que- a simply supported slab having an effective span of
3.5 m. the slab is 125 mm thick and carries a live load of 4

KN/ m 2 . The tension reinforcement is provided in the form of

12 mm diameter bars at 175 mm c/c at effective cover of 25
mm. calculate the deflections for slab using IS code method
IS 456-1978 specifications. Use M15 concrete and fe250
steel.
Que- a hall of effective dimensions of 7 m x 18 m is
provided with monolithic slab and beam floor with beams
provided 3 m c/c. the walls and beams are 230 mm thick.
Design the slab as continuous slab as per IS 456-1978. if it
has to carry live load of 3 KN/ m 2 and finishing load of 1 KN/
m 2 . Use M20 grade of concrete and fe415 steel. Sketch
reinforcement.
Que- a hall of effective dimensions of 7 m x 18 m is
provided with monolithic slab and beam floor with beams
provided 3 m c/c. the walls and beams are 230 mm thick.
Design the slab as continuous slab as per IS 456-1978. If it
has to carry live load of 4 KN/ m 2 and finishing load of 1 KN/
m 2 . Use M20 grade of concrete and fe415 steel. Sketch
reinforcement.

Que- design a cantilever slab projecting out of distance of

1.6 m from a brick wall of 230 mm thick. The slab is
subjected to a working live load of 5 KN/ m 2 and it also
carries a parapet wall of 100 mm thick with 0.75 m height.
Use M20 mix and fe415. Design the slab for flexure and
check for development length only.

Que- design a roof slab for a room 6 m x 3.5 m restrained at

all the degrees for a service load 4 KN/ m 2 . Thickness of wall
is 300 mm. use M20 and fe415.
Que- a hall of dimension 5 m x 16.25 m is provided with
monolithic slab beam floor with beams at 3.25 m c/c. the
thickness of walls and beams is 230 mm. design the slab as
continuous slab as per IS456-1978. if it has to carry a live
load of 3 KN/ m 2 and finishing load of 1.5 KN/ m 2 . Use M15
concrete and fe415 steel. Sketch the reinforcement details of
slab.
Que- Design a rectangular slab panel having an effective
size of 5.5 m x 3.5 m. the panel is continuous over two long
edges and carries superimposed load of 3 KN/ m 2 . Use M15
grade concrete and fe415 grade of steel.

Fifth semester B.E civil

Subject R.C.C structure (limit state)
Practical assignment
Date of submission
R.N

Span in m
Lx

Ly

Live
load
KN/
m2

F.F
load
KN/
m2

Grade
of
concrete
N/ mm 2

Grade
of
Support condition
steel
N/
mm 2

1
2
3

2
3
3

5
6.5
6.5

2.5
5
3.5

1
0.75
0.75

20
20
25

415
250
415

S.S
S.S
End panel of

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31

415
415
415
250
415
415
415
250
415
415
415
500
415
250

continous slab
---Cantilever slab
-----------

20

415

Intermediate
panel of continous
slab
--

0.75
1

15
20

250
250

---

3.5

1.25

25

250

--

2.5
3
3.5
3
3.5
2
2.5
3

0.75
0.75
1
1
1.25
0.5
0.75
0.5

20
15
25
20
20
20
20
20

250
250
415
415
415
250
250
250

---------

2
3.5
2
3
2.5
2
2
2
2.5
3
3.5
2.8
2.6
2.2
5
2.5

5
7
6
5
5
5
6
6.5
5
5.5
4
6
3
4

3.5
2
3.5
1.5
1.5
0.75
1
1
0.75
0.75
0.75
1
1
1

0.5
1.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.25

2.2
5
3
3.2
5
3.3
8
2.5
3.5
4
3
4
2
2.5
3

3.5

1.25

6
6

2.5
2

6.4
6
6
8
9
7
9
6
6
7.5

25
20
15
20
20
20
15
20
15
20
25
20
20
20

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

3.5
4
3
5
3.5
3
3.5
2.8
2.5
4.5
4

8
8.5
7
11
7
6
6
5
5
10
10

3.25
4
3.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
1
2
2
3.5
3

1
1
1.5
1
1.5
0.75
0.75
0.5
0.5
1
1.5

20
20
20
20
25
25
20
25
20
25
20

415
415
415
415
415
415
415
415
415
415
415

-S.S
---Cantilever slab
---S.S
--

NOTE- in cantilever slab Lx is the span of cantilever slab.

(prof. R.G BAIS)
Date-

Example on column design

Que:-Explain in detail the interaction diagram used for design of

column. If such interaction diagram is not available, set up the
procedure for design of column subjected to an axial load and
bending.
Que:- A R.C.C column 300 x 600 mm is reinforced by 3 no.s of
20mm dia bars on each short side cover of 50mm to the centre of
steel. Concrete used is M20 & steel is of grade Fe415.
Calculate the ultimate axial force & the corresponding
ultimate moment when the neutral axis is at 0.48D from the
compression face & is parallel to the shorter side.
Que- a rcc column 300 x 500 mm is equally reinforced on two
short faces with 5 bars of 20 mm diameter of steel grade fe250 on
each face. Concrete used is M20.
Calculate the ultimate load and ultimate moment resisted by the
section if the column is just on the verge of cracking.
(ans pu = 1513 KN and Mu = 90 KNm)
Que- a R.C.C column 300 x 660 mm is reinforced by 5 no of 25
mm diameter bar of grade Fe415 on either short side with a cover
of 60 mm to the center of steel. Concrete grade M20 is used.
Calculate ultimate load and ultimate moment corresponding to the
coeditors of maximum / compressive strain of 0.0035 in concrete
and tensile strength of 0.002 in the outermost layer of tension steel.
(ans- Pu = 576.7 KN and Mu = 597.4 KNm)
Que- a R.C.C column of 300 x 500 mm is reinforced with 4 no bar
of 20mm diameter of grade Fe415 on either short side with a cover
of 50 mm to the center of steel. Concrete used is M20. calculate

the ultimate load and its eccentricity from the center of column for
an untracked section with neutral axis 1.5 D from the highly
comopressed edge. The area of stress block is 0.422 fck D. and its
CG acting at 0.48 D from the highly compressed edge.
(ans Pu = 1964.7 KN and eccentricity = 22.10 mm)
Que- a short R.C column 250 x 400 mm carries an ultimate load of
310 KN. The area of steel consist of 8 bars of 20 mm diameter
placed symmetrically along two short edges of column. The
concrete M15 grade and steel Fe415 grade is used. Calculate the
maximum ultimate moment about x axis, Mux (dividing the depth
of the column.) the column can carry when it is subjected to
ultimate moment about y axis equal to 41 KNm
(ans- Mux = 77.8 KNm)
Que- a axially loaded short column of width 230 mm is subjected
to ultimate load of 622 KN and ultimate moment of 184 KNm
bisecting the depth of column. Design the column using concrete
grade M15 and steel grade Fe415.
(ans- 230 mm x 700 mm, 8 16 mm bars in 4 rows with 2 bars in
each row.)

Que- design the column for the following data: ultimate load =
1090 KNm. Ultimate moment bisecting the depth = 19 KNm.
Concrete grade M20. Steel grade fe415. Width of column=230 mm
(ans. Size =230 mm x 400 mm, 6mm 16 mm in 3 rows with 2
bars in each row.)
Que- the corner column of a building of size 230 mm x 300 mm is
reinforced with four bars of 20 mm diameter. It is subjected to an

ultimate axial load of 341 KN and ultimate moments of 30 KNm

and 16 KNm bisecting the depth and width of column respectively.
For concrete grade M15 and steel fe415, check the safety of the
column.
(ans- the value of interaction equation is 0.89 < 1.safe)
Que - the circular diameter 300 mm is reinforced with 8 bars of 20
mm diameter of grade fe415. The column braced and hinged at
both ends and carries an axial ultimate load of 80 KN. The length
of the column is 6 m. the concrete grade used is M20. Check the
safety of the column. Assume effective length = unsupported
length of 6 m.
(ans- the slender column is safe)
Que- solves ex. 12.6.1 by taking effective length about x axis
equal to 4.9 m other data remaining the same. Check the safety of
the column of size 250 x 400 mm reinforced with 6 bars of 20 mm
placed 3 bars on each face along the depth of column.
(ans- the interaction equation gives value of 1.05>1.unsafe)