LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES

PRATAPGARH ROAD SORAON , ALLAHABAD

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

2011-12
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: -

SUBMITTED BY:-

Dr. C .P. SINGH

BIPIN MAURYA

H.O.D

E.C 4th YEAR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

(ROLL NO:-0828331017)

PREFACE
It is mandatory for an individual to prepare a Project with the given guideline and
submit Project Report to check the validity, functionality of Project awareness of
the student.
This Mini Project Report BURGLAR ALARM provides a full spectrum to harden
space of Electronics, including new material, analysis and reconfigurable
hardware techniques.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Dedicating this Mini Project to the Almighty of God whose abundant grace and
murices enabled its successful completion, I would like to express my profound
gratitude to all of people who has inspired and motivate me to undertake this
Mini Project.
Then I would like to Thanks Prof (Dr.) A.L.Kundu & Mr. Sanjay Gupta, who
gave me such platform for studying in LDC Institute of Technical Studies,
Allahabad.
I wish to express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department Dr. C.P.Singh for
providing an opportunity to undertake this Mini Project. Whos precious
guidance, in every difficulty and doubts faced during the implementation of this
Mini Project, More ever, showed me the right path to modify my Project and to it
give a good shape.
I am deeply indebted to my Project Guide Mr. P.C.Mishra for providing me with
valuable advice and guidance during the course of Project.
I am specially grateful to Mr., Avadh Pati& Mr. Digvijay Narayan Singh for
their time to time, much needed valuable guidance.
I would also like to thanks to my entire Teacher who teach me other subject of
Electronics, because of to make any project, knowledge of basic electronics is also
essentional.
And finally my heartfelt gratitude is to my Parents & Friends, who gave me
moral support and encouragement to accomplish task.

Date: November 11, 2011

Place: Allahabad

BIPIN MAURYA
Electronic & Communication
Semester: 7th

CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGE
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING PRINCIPLE
COMPONENT DISCIPTION
COMPARISION
APPLICATION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
Burglar (or intrusion), alarms are systems designed to detect unauthorized entry
into a building or area. They consist of an array of sensors, a control panel and
alerting system, and interconnections. Sensors detect intruders by many methods
such as monitoring door and window contacts, by passive infrared motion
detectors, ultrasound, vibration, electric or magnetic fields, or microwaves.
Sensors may be directly wired to a control panel that provides sensor power, or
may communicate wirelessly.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglar or fire protection.
Combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm
systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television surveillance systems
to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may interface to access
control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small, selfcontained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-zoned systems with color-coded
computer monitor outputs.
Burglar alarms (or perimeter security systems, perimeter detection
systems, Perimeter protection, intrusion detection systems and other terms for
the same thing) are used in residential, industrial, and commercial properties for
protection against theft or property damage. Mobile alarm systems protect
vehicles and their contents ("car alarms"). Prisons and military facilities use
intrusion detection systems for security and control of access.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The burglar alarm is one of the most reliable means to secure a house or a work
place. It is becoming more and more popular among the homeowners because of
the consistency with which it performs. Today, there are different types of home
security systems available in the market and they perform in different ways to
detect potential intrusions.
What is a burglar alarm?
Basically, the burglar alarm is a device that monitors the designated area or areas
to detect the presence of suspicious elements. The system takes the help of the
sensor to detect such elements. Once found, the system sends emergency signals
to the user or to the monitor station if the user so intends.
The components of Burglar Alarm
The security alarm system generally consists of a number of elements that work
together to enhance the security of a place. The basic components of a burglar
alarm system are:

Control panel
Keypad
Sensor
Siren
Flashing light
Motion detector

How the entire system works?

The work of the home security system begins with the sensors and motion
detectors. These devices are installed in different places that they monitor in their
own ways. However, they send emergency signals to the control panel once they
detect something that surpasses their tolerance level.
The control panel of the system works like the brain and decide the next step of
action. Basically, there are two different things that the control panel performs. It
can set off an alarm located near the house to alert the homeowner and the
neighbors.

However, if the system is monitored from a centralized station, the control panel
will send signals there without setting off any audible alarm. In the basic models,
the control panel uses the standard telephone line to send the security message.
However, some of the latest models do use the GSM and internet to dispatch
signals. So, they don't need any wires.
The keyboard provided with the home security system enables the users to arm,
disarm and program the security system according to their wish. Most of the
time, users are given multiple keyboards so that they don't have to rush from one
place to another to find the keyboard in emergency.
Sensors of the Burglar Alarm
There are different types of sensors used in the burglar alarm system. Some of
them are used outdoors while others are suitable for indoors.
Indoor sensors:
PIR: The Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors are very commonly found in most burglar
alarm systems. It is passive in the sense that it captures the heat emitted from the
objects. Therefore, it needs a clear sight of vision. As human body emits more
heat, the sensor can detect the presence of intruders.
Ultrasonic detectors: These sensors send ultrasonic sound waves and receive
them as they bounce back from the fixed objects in the room. So, if any object
moves the wave length changes and the sensor detects moving object.
Microwave detectors: This type of sensor emits microwaves and detects
discrepancies in the signals through the receiver.
Photoelectric beam systems: These sensors also emit infrared light beams.
However, they observe whether there is any obstruction in its way.
Outdoor sensors:
Vibration sensors: These sensors are mounted on walls or other structures. They
detect any vibration that occurs when that structure is attacked.
Passive magnetic field detection: These sensors can be buried and it monitors the
area with the help of electro-magnetic field.
E-field: These sensors too, work in a similar fashion; however they are more
programmable and can provide vigilance up to 4 meters of height.

555 TIMER
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse
generation and oscillator applications. The part is still in widespread use, thanks
to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003, it is estimated that 1
billion units are manufactured every year.

DESIGN
The IC design was proposed in 1970 by Hans R. Camenzind and Jim Ball. After
prototyping, the design was ported to the Monochip analogue array,
incorporating detailed design by Wayne Foletta and others from Qualidyne
Semiconductors. Signetics (later acquired by Philips) took over the design and
production, and released the first 555s in 1971.

Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over

20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini
dual-in-line package (DIP-8).[2] Variants available include the 556 (a 14-pin DIP
combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-pin DIP combining four
slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and TR is falling edge
sensitive instead of level sensitive).
The NE555 parts were commercial temperature range, 0 C to +70 C, and the
SE555 part number designated the military temperature range, 55 C to +125 C.
These were available in both high-reliability metal can (T package) and
inexpensive epoxy plastic (V package) packages. Thus the full part numbers were
NE555V, NE555T, SE555V, and SE555T. It has been hypothesized that the 555 got
its name from the three 5 k resistors used within,[3] but Hans Camenzind has
stated that the number was arbitrary.[1]
Low-power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555 and CMOS
TLC555.[4] The 7555 is designed to cause less supply glitching than the classic 555
and the manufacturer claims that it usually does not require a "control" capacitor
and in many cases does not require a decoupling capacitor on the power supply.
Such a practice should nevertheless be avoided, because noise produced by the
timer or variation in power supply voltage might interfere with other parts of a
circuit or influence its threshold voltages.

NE555 Bloc Diagram

LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

A photoresistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is
a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It
can also be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS device, from "cadmium
sulfide," which is the material from which the device is made and that actually
exhibits the variation in resistance with light level. Note that CdS is not a
semiconductor in the usual sense of the word (not doped silicon).
A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the
device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give
bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting
free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby
lowering resistance.
A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An
intrinsic semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient
semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in
the valence band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the
electron across the entire bandgap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also
called dopants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction
band; since the electrons do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e.,
longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a
sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms
(impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction. This is an
example of an extrinsic semiconductor. Photo resistors are basically photocells.

SYMBOL OF LDR

APPLICATION
Burglar alarms are used for various safety purposes. These are electronic alarms
designed in such way so as to alert users to any unknown danger. Our alarms are
known for high end features like effective performance, fire & corrosion
resistance and durability. Following are the technical specification of these
alarms:
* Sensors are connected to a control unit via low-voltage wiring or a narrow band
RF signal that is used to interact with a response device
* The most common security sensors are used to indicate the opening of a door
or
window
or
detect
motion
via
passive
infrared
(PIR)
* New construction systems are predominately hardwired for economy
* Retrofit installations often use wireless systems for a faster, more economical
installation.

REFERENCE
1. ^ U.S. Patent #3,482,037
2. ^ http://www.reno.gov/index.aspx?recordid=498&page=576
3. ^ a b Sampson, Rana, False Burglar Alarms 2nd Edition, US
Department of Justice / Office of Community Oriented Policing
Services, ISBN 1-932582-04-5