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PES 103: PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY

1. Organic Carbon in source rock cuttings is estimated by

(A) Microscopic methods
(B) Combustion methods
(C) Optical methods
(D) Gravimetric methods
2. Bitumen is separated from the source rock by
(A) Solvent extraction
(B) Decomposition
(C) Chromatography
(D) Ion exchange
3. The analytical method most commonly employed for estimation of
saturated hydrocarbons is
(A) Solvent extraction
(B) Column Chromatography
(C) Gas Chromatography
(D) Fluorimetry
4. The ratio of S1/(S1 + S2) in Rock Eval analysis is called as
(A) Oxygen Index
(B) Hydrogen Index
(C) Genetic potential
(D) Transformation(Production) Index
5. The standard substance used in the measurement of carbon isotopic method is
(A) n - Pentane
(B) Carbonate belemnite(PDB)
(C) n - palmitate
(D) Standard Mean Ocean Water------(SMOW)

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6.

According to Time Temperature Index(TTI),peak oil generation Occurs at

(A) 160
(B) 75
(C) 15
(D) 500

7.

Important steps involved in the construction of Lopatins model are

(A) Burial depth Vs geological age
(B) Temperature grid
(C) None of them
(D) Both of them

8.

Activation Energies (Ea) Calculated for different oil generating basins (cal/mole) are
in the range.
(A) 11,000 - 14,000
(B) 40,000 - 60,000
(C) 5,000

- 10,000

(D) Above 6000

9.

Lopatin assumed the value of r (rate of maturation) as

(A) 3
(B) 2
(C) 5
(D) 1

10. According to TTI model, the most favoured basins for petroleum exploration are
(A) Young - Cold
(B) Old - Hot
(C) Young Hot or Old - Cold
(D) None of them
11.

The upper limit of TTI for occurrence of oil is

(A) 15
(B) 75
(C) 500
(D) 160
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12.

The upper limit of TTI for Occurrence of Wet gas is

(A) 1000
(B) 1500
(C) 65,000
(D) 500

13.

The ratio of S2 / (S1+ S2) in Rock Eval analysis is called

(A) Oxygen index
(B) Genetic potential
(C) Hydrogen index
(D) Transformation index

14.

The ratio of S3 / (S1+ S2) in Rock Eval method is called

(A) Oxygen Index.
(B) Hydrogen Index.
(C) Production Index
(D) None of them.

15.

The value of S2/S3 greater than 5 in Rock Eval method indicates that the sample is
(A) Wet gas prone
(B) Dry gas prone
(C) Oil prone
(D) Oil and Gas prone

16. Gas deasphating in an oil reservoir results in the removal of

(A) N- alkanes
(B) Branched alkanes
(C) Asphaltenes
(D) Parafinicity
17. Water washing and biodegradation of oil results in
(A) Increase of API gravity
(B) Decrease of API gravity
(C) Decrease of sulphur content
(D) Decrease of Asphaltenes
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18. In oil source rock correlations 13C of source rock bitumen is

(A) More depleted than related kerogen
(B) More enriched than related kerogen
(C) More enriched than oil
(D) No change in the related kerogen
19. Increase of maturity of source rock is reflected in the oil by
(A) Decrease of n-paraffin content
(B) Increase of sulphur content.
(C) Decrease of API gravity .
(D) Increase of n-paraffin content
20. Distributiion of n-alkanes (C25-C30) fraction in a gas chromatogram indicates
predominance in
(A) Crude oil over source rock extract
(B) Source extract over crude oil
(C) Crude oil over kerogen
(D) None of them.
21. During Diagenesis in the coalification process, vitrinite reflectance (%) varies in the
range
(A) 0.5 1.9
(B) 1.9 4.0
(C) 0.2 0.4
(D) More than 4.0

22. Methane generated in biogenic process accounts for about (%) of total
(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 50
(D) 90

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23. Thermogenic methane generation reaches maximum in the coal rank

(A) Lignite
(B) Sub bituminous
(C) Anthracite
(D) Medium to low volatile bituminous
24. The amount of methane( S cft/ton) generated in coal formation under favourable
conditions vary from
(A) 1000 2000
(B) 2000 3000
(C) 3000 4000
(D) More than 5000
25. In marine environment biogenic methane is produced under anaerobic ------ conditions by
(A) Carbonate reductions
(B) Acetate decarboxylation
(C) Both of them
(D) None of them.
26. Methane gas is liberated from the coal beds by
(A) Dewalering
(B) Drilling bore wells
(C) None of them
(D) Both of them

27. For economic recovery, the minimum quantity (sc ft / ton) of methane production from a
coal seam should be greater than
(A) 300
(B) 100
(C) 200
(D) 50

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28. The rank of a coal increase with increase of

(A)Total carbon
(B)Vitrinite reflectance (%)
(C) Both of them
(D) Ash and volatile matter
29. The following Pristance / Phytane ratios of oils suggest the terrestrial origin of organic
matter in the source rocks
(A) < 0.5
(B) 1.0
(C) < 1.0
(D) > 3.0
30. Biomarkers in oil in general, are analysed by
(A) Spectrophotometry.
(B) Column Chromatography.
(C) Gaschromatography(GC) coupled with mass spectrometry(MS).
(D) Fluorimetry.
31. Diagenesis Occur in what conditions?
(A) Low temperature - high pressure
(B) High temperature - high pressure
(C) Low temperature - low pressure
(D) High temperature low pressure

32. Kerogen is a
(A) Chemical compound
(B) Mineral
(C) Bio polymer
(D) Geo polymer

-733. What is the distinction between Kerogen and Bitumen

(A) Both are soluble in organic solvents
(B) Kerogen is insoluble and bitumen is soluble in organic solvents
(C) Both are insoluble in acids.
(D) Bitumen is insoluble and Kerogen is soluble in organic solvents
34. Percentage of sedimentary organic carbon that can be converted into Petroleum
hydrocarbons under favourable conditions is
(A) 15.0
(B) 10.0
(C) 5.0
(D) <0.5
35. Tissot diagram represents a plot of
(A) H/C Vs O/C
(B) C/H Vs C/O
(C) C/O Vs C/H
(D) O/H Vs O/C
36. Under a microscope, Kerogen Particles (macerals) can be broadly classified into____types.
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 4

37. In general, a rise of 10oC temperature effects the catagenesis by a

(A) 2-fold decrease
(B) 2-fold increase
(C) 10-fold decrease
(D) 10-fold increase

-838. The main phase of oil generation Occurs in the stage

(A) Dia genesis
(B) Catagenesis
(C) Metagenesis
(D) Catagenesis and metagenesis
39. Optimum range of thermal alteration Index ( TAI) for oil generation is
(A) 1.0 5.0
(B) 2.0 4.0
(C) 2.6 - 3.2
(D) 0.6 1.2
40. Metal carbide theory of inorganic origin of petroleum gas put forward by
(A) W. Sokolov
(B) D. Mendeleev
(C) N.A. Kudryavtsev
(D) T. Gold
41. Nickel and Vanadium in oils mostly exists as
(A) Colloidal solution
(B) Aggregates
(C) Complex with porphorine
(D) True Solution
42. The name of the theory proposed by Sokoloff to explain the origin of petroleum is
(A) Nebular condensation
(B) Metal Carbide
(C) Volcanic Origin
(D) Earthquake outgassing
43. Who predicted the presence of petroleum in crystalline basement rock at Siljan Ring
Crater in sweden?
(A) F.K. North
(B) T. Gold
(C) Kravtsov

-9(D) Sokoloff
44. Kimberlite pipes in South Africa are famous for the occurrence of
(A) Oil deposits
(B) Gas deposits
(C) Diamonds
(D) Oil and gas deposits
45. Which of the theories propose that hydrocarbon reserves all over the world would be
anormous and inexhaustible
(A) Organic
(B) Non-Organic
(C) Microbiological
(D) None of them
46. According to organic theory, what is the first stage of genesis of petroleum
(A) Terrestrial matter
(B) Bacteria
(C) Plankton
(D) Minerals
47. Optical activity commonly found in petroleum is due to
(A) Porphyrins
(B) Isoprenoids
(C) Hoponoids
(D) Cholesterol
48. High values of one of the following ratios in oil/gas fields is indicative of their mantle
derived sources
(A) 40Ar/36Ar
(B)

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C/12C

(C) 2H/1H
(D)

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N/14N

- 10 49. One of the commonest minerals associated with mantle derived constituents is
(A) Calcite
(B) Barite
(C) Gypsum
(D) Peridotite
50. Nitrogen compounds is heavier fractions of oils are classified as basic if they are
extracted into
(A) Mineral acids
(B) Bases
(C) Solvents
(D) Water

PES- 103 Petroleum Geochemistry key

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B
A
C
D
B
B
D

8. A
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. C

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- 11 17. B
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. D
25. C
26. D
27. A
28. C
29. D
30. C
31. C
32. D
33. B
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. B
38. B
39. C
40. B
41. C
42. A
43. B
44. C
45. B
46. C
47. D
48. A
49. D
50. A

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