LOAD

SHEDDING

INTRODUCTION

lectricity is one of the biggest invention and blessing of

science. It is the greatest scientific achievement of
nineteenth century. In todays world almost all comforts
of our life depends on electrical works. Without it, our
existence will be impossible. Modern life has become so modern
and so mechanical that even for small things in daily life we need
electricity.
Electricity regulates the clock that rouses
us from bed; boils the water that makes our tea; cooks food in
cooker; works the radio and TV that give us news; communicate
us with each other through electrical devices; refrigerates the
food to keep it fresh; lights our room when sun goes down; help
us in reaching to height through electrical lifts; makes us feel
warm in winter and cool in summer; run our industries, in short it
does everything for our comfort and convenience. It is there for
we cannot live without Electricity or cannot survive the shortage
of it.
The shortage
of
electricity is define by the
term LOAD SHEDDING.

LOAD
SHEDDING
1

oad shedding basically means cutting off the current for

some time. Load shedding occur when there is an unbalance
in supply of electricity and demand of electricity

When there is a great demand of electricity then electricity

generating power plants suffers a great unbalance and loadshedding is the only way to bring them to the balance. If we do
not shed load, the whole national power system would off and no
one would have electricity. Load-shedding is done to protect
national power system. It is the most serious problem faced by
different countries which includes Pakistan , Nepal , India,
Bangladesh , Zimbabwe , South Africa, Ghana , Botswana ,
Belgium etc. etc. several countries design there schedule of load
shedding to overcome this unbalance for example in Nepal there
is a load shedding of 15 hours in a day. Life become miserable
when we suffer this load-shedding. There are many causes of load
shedding which can be explain as follows.

CAUSES OF LOAD-SHEDDING
Load shedding has been experienced by many least developing
countries and countries of third world mainly because of following
reason:
When consumption of electricity is greater than
the production then country experience loadshedding.
Less availability of of the sources that generate
electricity. For example when in a country there
is a deficiency of natural resources like water oil
gases coal etc etc.
Low price of electricity is also a cause of loadshedding. electricity price should be suitable. It
should not be so expensive and it should not be
so cheap.
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1
2
3

LOADSHEDDING
PAKISTAN

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISAN

IN

akistan is situated in
the south of Asia. It
is
the
sixth-most
populous country. It
is one of the independent
FLAG
EMBLEM
country with national religion
Islam. Pakistan share
its
Motto:
Iman,Ittihad,Nazm
border with Iran , Afghanistan
Anthem:
Qaumi
, China , and India. Pakistan
is
taranah
the most important country in
C
Capital city:
Islamabad
the world map due to its
Official language:
geographical location.
Urdu,English
Pa
Religion:
Islam
kistan was created in 1947 as
Current
an independent state. From
Mamnoon hussain
the day of its president:
creation the
Prime minister:
development of the country is
Nawaz sharif
in progress. Recently Pakistan
is going through its worst
Population:
time of energy crises.
The
199,085,847(2015)
country is facing so many
Area:
881,913 km2
severe problems including
Water:
3.1%
corruption, poverty, terrorism,
low literacy rate, international
propagandas ,load-shedding
etc. etc.
Load-shedding is
one of the worst
problem
currently
the
country
is
facing. There is big energy

Figure 1:dark area shows the area of

Pakistan

crises Pakistan experiencing in recent years. Load shedding is

one of the main hurdle in the progress of country. In Pakistan
there is a load shedding of
CNG ,Household gas, Petrol and
Electricity.

Load-shedding of electricity
People of Pakistan experiencing this load shedding
from many years. Heavy load shedding starts in 2008and it is
continue in 2016. According to the recent news of 2016 there
will be a power cuts for six to eight hours a day in local and
commercial areas but this schedule was set by the government
of Pakistan. The actual practice of load-shedding is something
else. In big cities the duration of load-shedding is 8-10 hours
where as in small villages it is 15-16 hours in summer. Pakistan
needs 9500MW of electricity. It is presently facing a shortfall of
more than 2500MW. There is a great loss in national economy
due to the heavy load-shedding.

Pakistan is the 7 th atomic power of the world and

the first Muslim country to have this atomic power. Fortunately
Pakistan is the country which is blessed with so many natural
resources including different kinds of mineral mines ,large
reserves of coal mines, rivers, lakes. Pakistan does not have the
shortage of the sources but still it is facing the load-shedding.
Pakistan has god gifted natural resources, but unfortunately
due to bad decisions and lack of political management Pakistan
has been suffering huge amount of Load shedding. The whole
nation of Pakistan is waiting for the proper solution of Loadshedding.

ELECTRICITY
DIFFERENT
PRODUCERS

PRODUCE
BY
POWER

The power producers of Pakistan produce energy through 3

sources:
Hydel source(rivers)
Thermal source
Atomic energy
There are four major power producers in country: WAPDA (Water
& Power Development Authority), KESC (Karachi Electric Supply
Company), IPPs (Independent Power Producers) and PAEC
(Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission). These organizations have
following installed capacity of electricity:

1.

WAPDA
a.W
APD
A
7

HYDEL
Tarbela
Mangla
Ghazi barotha
Warsak
Chashma
Dargai
Rasul
Shadi-waal
Nandi pur
Kurram garhi
Renala
Chitral
Jagran(AK)

3478 MW
1000 MW
1450 MW
243 MW
184 MW
20 MW
22 MW
18MW
14MW
4MW
1MW
1MW
30MW

TOTAL
HYDEL

6461
MW

b. WAPDA THERMAL
Gas Turbine Power Station,
Shahdra
Steam Power Station, Faisalabad
Gas Turbine Power Station,
Faisalabad
Gas Power Station, Multan
Thermal Power Station,
Muzaffargarh
Thermal Power Station, Guddu
Gas Turbine Power Station, Kotri
Thermal Power Station,
8

59MW
132MW
244MW
195MW
1350MW
1655MW
174MW
850MW

Jamshoro
Thermal Power Station, Larkana
Thermal Power Station, Quetta
Gas Turbine Power Station,
Panjgur
Gas Turbine Power Station,
Panjgur

150MW
35MW
39MW
17MW

4811MW

TOTAL
THERMAL

TOTAL ELECRICITY PRODUCE BY WAPDA

Wapdas hydel+wapdas thermal======11,272 MW

2.

K-ELECTRIC

POWER STATIONT

AMOUNT

Thermal Power Station, Korangi

Gas Turbine Power Station,
Korangi
Gas Turbine Power Station, SITE
Thermal Power Station, Bin
Qasim

316 MW
80 MW

TOTAL

1756 MW

100 MW
1260 MW

3. Independent Power
Producers (IPPs)
POWER STATIONS

AMOUNT

Hub Power Project

AES Lalpir Ltd, Mahmood Kot
Muzaffargar
AES Pak Gen, Mahmood Kot
Muzaffargar
Altern Energy Ltd, Attock
Fauji Kabirwala Power
Company, Khanewal
Gul Ahmad Energy Ltd, 136
MW
Habibullah Coastal Power
Limited
Japan Power Generation,
Lahore
Kohenoor Energy Limited,
Lahore
Liberty Power Limited, Ghotki
Rousch Power, Khanewal
Saba Power Company,
Sheikhupura
Southern Electric Power
Company Limited, Raiwind
Tapal Energy Limited, Karachi
Uch Power Limited, Dera
Murad Jamali, Nasirabad
Attock Gen Limited, Morgah
Rawalpindi
Atlas Power, Sheikhupura
Engro Energy Limited,
Karachi

1292 MW
362 MW

10

365 MW
29 MW
157 MW
136 MW
140 MW
120 MW
131 MW
232 MW
412 MW
114 MW
135 MW
126 MW
586 MW
165 MW
225 MW
MW

Kot Addu Power Company

Limited (Privatized)

1638 MW

Total (IPPs)

6365
MW

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4. Pakistan Atomic Energy

Commission
POWER STATION

AMOUNTS

KANUPP
CHASNUPP-1

137 MW
325 MW

TOTAL

6365 MW

TOTAL POWER GENERATION CAPACITY

Wapda+k-electric+IPPS+PAEC= 19855 MW
*recently it is increased upto 23000MW

CAUSES OF LOAD SHEDDING

IN PAKISTAN

12

Total power generation capacity of Pakistan(including all

sources) is 19,855 MW and electricity demand is 14500 MW.
In 2016 this demand has been increased up to 20,000 MW
and the production of electricity into 13000 MW. The
difference between demand and supply is 6500 MW . Our
power producing organizations are capable of producing
electricity up to our demand, according to the recent news
Pakistan can generate electricity of 23000Mw but
unfortunately the many power plants are not able to work
properly and the produce electricity lower than their
capacity. Following are some of the reasons of load-shedding
in Pakistan:

13

14

SHORTAG
E OF GAS

Lots of Pakitani generating plants

run on natural gas and currently
country is experiencing the the
gas load shedding. This is one of
the cause of electricity loadshedding.

GROWTH
OF
POPULATI
ON

Growth rate in Pakistan is high.

Population of Pakistan increases
each year by 2.1%.Increse in
population increses the
consumption. Unfortunately
there is no organized plane for
increasing the production of
electricity due to which we
suffer the load- shedding.

CORRUPT
ION

Corruption is one of the chief

problem of the country.
Corruption has destroyed all the
systems of the state. Corruption
in WAPDA, K-ELECTRIC and other
power producing bodies are
mainly responsible for this heavy
load- shedding.

DEBT

Debt on WAPDA , K-Electric and other

electricity generating bodies reduces
the production of electricity. According
to the recent news WAPDA was
suffering from circular debt of about
200 billion Pakistani rupees.
Government paid this debt from
treasury and reduces the debt but
WAPDA did not take any advantage
from this opportunity and again their
debt increses

15

SHORTAGE
OF WATER

Pakistan is suffering from huge

shortage of water from past few
years due to which many hydel
power plants are unable to work
properly and produce electricity.

LACK OF
MANAGEM
ENT

According to the recent survey Pakistan

has the capacity to generate electricity
upto 23000 MW. It means that we can
reduce the load-shedding if we follow a
proper plane. But unfortunately from
2008 to 2016 many governments
encounter this problem but fail to
resolve it due to their lack of interest
and management.

WASTAG
E OF
ELECTRI
CITY

Electricity is precious. It should not be

wasted specially when our country is
suffering from a huge shortage. But still
we waste electricity and use it in a very
irresponsible way. street lights are not
switched off during a day time. In our
home we do not pay any attention while
using electrical appliances and waste
electricity. due to which we suffer loadshedding

UNPAID
BILLS

Many people do not pay their bills.

If we donot pay our bills then it will
affect the production of electricity
because the expenses of
production is fulfill by the bills we
are paying.

POWER
THEFT

In many areas of big cities there is

a system of of "kunda". Kunda
system means getting electricity
from an illegal way or stealing of
electricity. Kunda system is highly
practice in un-authorized areas of
cities.

do
not
have
enough
dams.
We d
o n
ot h
ave e
nou g h dam
s.
Dams are capable
storing
D
am
s
a
re
ca
pa
ble
of
storing
water.
The
food
can
be
control
w
a ter. Th
e f
ood ca
n b
e con
trol
by
the
level
b
y dams.
d am s. When
W h en th
e le
ve l of
water in a river rises dam store
w
a
ter
in
a
rive
r
rise
s
d
am
sto
re
this
extra
water
and
water
th
is ex
tra w
ater an
d this w
ate r is
use to
electricity
use
to produce
produ ce e
lectricity

la
ck
lack
o
off
Dam
Dam
s

EFFECTS OF LOAD SHEDDING

Load-shedding has
affected each and every field of life. In modern age it is difficult to
live without electricity. Without it life will be so difficult and slow.
We experience so many difficulties when we do not have
electricity. Load-shedding in Pakistan is massive which affected
the lives of people. Effects of load-shedding on different fields of
human life can be describe as follows:

SOCIAL EFFECTS
Load-shedding greatly affects the social life. The effects on
social life are as follows:

1. AFFECT

ON STUDENT LIFE

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The life of students has been greatly disturbed by loadshedding. Students are unable to prepare well for their exams.
Students belongs to the middle class and lower class of the
society are specially the victims of this dreadful load-shedding.
Due to the unscheduled load-shedding in Pakistan student life
suffers the most.

2.

DIFFICULTY IN PRAYING
We cannot offer our

prayers in dark. Due to

load-shedding
it
is
difficult for us to offer
our five times prayer
properly. Specifically in
RAMADAM it is very
difficult to do pre-fast
meal and breakfast in
dark.

3. DEATH
OCCURS
In
Pakistan the duration of summer
season is greater than any other
season. In June 2015 the southern
part of Pakistan witnessed the
highest temperature. In this year
the rise in temperature caused
the deaths of about 2000 people
from dehydration and heat stroke,
mostly in Sindh province and its
17

biggest city Karachi. Load-shedding in those days was at its peak.

People are unable to bear the high temperature and shutdown of
electricity which causes deaths.

4.
SHORTAGE
OF WATER
Load-shedding causes
shortage of water. We
fill our tanks through
electric motors. If we
do not have electricity than water supply will be impossible.
Those areas where load-shedding is greater the shortage of water
is greater.

5.

PROTESTS

Due to load-shedding people protests against the authorities and

blocks the road, which causes heavy traffic jam. During protests
people become violent and burn the tires, this produces a bad
environment. Heavy load-shedding create a feeling of hate in the
hearts of people for the authorities and due to this feeling they
commit crimes.

6.

HEALTH FACILITIES

Load shedding also possess greater risk for hospital and patients.
Electricity is essential for public health facilities. When the supply
is
unstable
patients
undergoing
emergency treatment and surgery are
at
great
risk.
Furthermore
organs,vaccines and medication that

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needed to be refrigerated will

also spoil or become inffective.

PSYCOLOGICAL EFFECT
Load shedding has a great infuence on psycology of
human. Some psychological effects are as follows:

1.

DEPRESSION

According to the study when people are depressed they

sleep less. In the same way when people sleep less due to
some reasons they feel
depression and stress.
Load-shedding is not
the main cause of
depression
but
it
affects the minds of
people. . The students
feared they that would
not be able to complete
their study assignments on time and thus have disturbed
studies.

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2.

HEALTH

3.

LESS CONCENTRATION

For a normal person minimum 6-8 hour sleep at night is

necessary. Lack of sleep has an adverse effect on the health of
human. In Pakistan people are unable to get their average
sleep due to heavy load shedding. Their mental and physical
health is greatly affected by load-shedding

Many people are unable to concentrate on their work. It is

so obvious that when a person do not get enough sleep then
he/she will be unable to
function properly during a day
time. Due to load shedding
people are unable to get
enough sleep and feel lazy and
sleepy throughout the day and
they become less concentrated.

4.

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FRUSTRATION

When a person continuously experiencing the shutdown of

electricity then he/she become frustrated and get easily
irritated by small things. Frustration and irritation level is
higher in the victims of load shedding.

ECONOMICAL EFFECTS

Economy of a country depends on its level of production

mainly on GDP. Higher the GDP level stronger will be the
economy. GDP depends on production of industries and
these industries are running on electricity. When the these
industries suffered long hour load-shedding then they
produces lower than their capacities which affected the
21

national economy. Unfortunately the national economy of

a Pakistan is greatly infuenced by load-shedding. Effects
of load-shedding on economy can be describe as follows:

1.

LOW PRODUCTION

The development of the country depends on its industries

sectors. In Pakistan due to heavy load-shedding, the
industries sectors are facing so many difficulties . These
industries are unable to increase the national revenue and
Pakistan
is
suffering
from worst
time of its
economy.

2.
UNEMPLOYMENT

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The industries sectors of any country always play an

important role in not only earning from foreign exchange but
also providing job opportunities. But unfortunately long hours of
load-shedding destroyed each and everything in Pakistan. The
no of people living below the poverty line is increasing due to
unemployment and infation. These both are the product of
energy crises in Pakistan

3. LOW CROP
PRODUCTION

Pakistan is an agricultural
country. Pakistans economy
depends
on
its
crop
production. Various farm
work of agriculture required
electricity but heavy loadshedding decreases the production of agricultural sector. Crop
crises is the result of load shedding.

4.

LOW BUSINESS RATE

The businesses on high or small level is largely affected by loadshedding

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According to an estimate, there are 10,000 factories in Lahore ,

among which 30%-40% factories has been closed due to loadshedding. Load-shedding is the biggest threat to any business.

5. COMPETITION IN
INTERNATIONAL
MARKET
In this modern age, there is a big
competition in an international market.
. If the country is economically strong then
it can conquer the battle of international
market. But load-shedding will not let the country to become
economically strong and country
remain behind in an
international market. This is what happening with Pakistan in
recent years.

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SOLUTION OF LOADSHEDDING
Solving power issues is certainly a difficult task. It needs a lot of
research and planning considering the availability of resources
and funds. Fortunately, Pakistan is rich with a lot of natural
resources. If these natural resources are properly handled than it
can be used to reduce load-shedding. But this can be achieved by
the sincere efforts of Government. Following are some
suggestions for solving electricity crises in Pakistan.
1.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

As government handles all the affairs of the state therefore, loadshedding cannot be reduced without by the sincere efforts of
government. If government show serious concern to this problem
and handle this shortage smartly then the biggest curse on the
nation can be eliminated.

2.

CONSUMER

The consumers should also play their parts in solving this crucial
problem.We should carefully use the electricity and do not waste
it. We should not steal the electricity and should pay our bills on
time.

3.
NATURAL
GASES
In Balochistan there
are huge reserves of
25

natural gases. These gases can be used to produce electricity and

in this way load-shedding can be eliminated.

4.

CONSTUCTION OF DAMS

Load-shedding can be reduced by the construction of numerous

dams. Dams are capable of storing water. From stored water of
these dams we can generate electricity. Dispute of KALABAGH
DAM should be resolved as soon as possible in order to overcome
this shortage of electricity. Kalabagh dam is capable of storing
large amount of
water. This dam
prevent
the
huge wastage
of water of river
Indus.
Thus
energy
crises
can reduce if
this dam starts its working.

5.

SOLAR ENERGY

The climate of Pakistan is mostly sunny. We can also take

advantage from this climate. We can use the sunlight to produce
electrical energy. Solar panels and solar power points are used for
this
purpose.
Pakistan has recently
started
many
projects
in
Kashmir,Punjab,
Sindh
and
Balochistan. If we

26

increase our solar projects then we can decrease the loadshedding.

6. WIND
ENERGY
Wind energy can
be
used
to
produce
electricity. It is the
cheap source for
the production of
electricity.
Over
40 wind power
plants in Pakistan
are
under
development. These plants can produce 3.5 GW of electricity.
Once, these power plants become operational the curse of loadshedding can be reduced

7. sATOMIC
ENERGY
Electricity
can
be
produced
by
atomic
energy .Pakistan is an
atomic power but still
Pakistan is not using its
atomic power to generate
electricity. If we use this
power for the production
of
electricity then load-shedding can be decreased to some extent

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8. COAL RESERVES OS
PAKISTAN
Pakistan is rich in coal reserves. Pakistan's largest coal reserves
are found in Sindh with approximately 184.623 billion tones. The
coal found in Pakistan is bad in quality but this coal can be used
to produce large amount of electricity. According to Dr. Qadeer
khan
If we use this coal to produce electricity then in future
Pakistan will be able to export electricity
By using the reserves of coal we can eliminate the shortage of
electricity from the country

Currently Nawaz sharif is the prime minister of Pakistan . he addresses to the

people several times in which he promised to end this load-shedding but this
severe problem has not been resolved till now
In a recent meeting of national assembly state minister of water and power supply
Abid sher ali said that: load shedding from the country would be ended by 2018
Government is planning several projects. These projects include several hydel
power plants and atomic and gases power plants. These projects are said to be
completed in 2018 that is why government has given the dead line of 2018

CONCLUSION

Although they have started mega projects to produce electricity but they will
take time of more than 5 years. So it is our turn. We have to survive in such
intense heat of summer for this we have to use solar panels by ourselves and
produce energy to run house appliances.in this way we can play our role in
saving electricity

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REFERENCE

Wikipedia
www.pakistantoday.pk
www.down.com
www.infopakistan.com
www.financialmail.co.za
www.articlefactory.com

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