SBA Skills Assessed: O.R.R., A & I. Title 7 2 Determining the boiling point of f covalent substances Objectives At the end of this section students will be able to: » Relate physical properties to bonding in compounds. » Determine the boiling point of a liquid. Theory When a liquid is heated its temperature rises gradually until the saturated vapour pressure of the liq comes equal to the atmospheric pressure. At this point the temperature of the liquid remains constant until all of the substance has been converted from the liquid state to gaseous state. This temperature is refered to as the boiling point. If we were to plot a graph of temperature versus time we will obtain a graph as shown in figure 1.1. sigs csaandetcaaena aces Time/ Seconds | Figure 1.1. Graph showing boting pinto aliquid experiencing uniform heating tis important to note that this graph occurs when the liquid is uniformly heated (i.e.none of the heat supplied to the liquid is lost from the system)._ CAPE Chemistry Lab Manual Apparatus and Material » Retort stand with boss and clamp » Tripod stand » Boiling tube » Hot water bath » Thermometer (-10°C - 100°C) > Stopwatch » Bunsen burner » An organic liquid Procedure 1. Place the thermometer in a clean , dry boiling tube. 2. Pour sufficient test liquid to cover the bulb of the thermometer. 3. Clamp the boiling tube unto the retort stand as shown in figure 1.2. —.— Thermometer 7. Clamp - Boiling tube Water bath & Tripod Bunsen burner Figuret.2. The boiling point apparatus. 4, Half il the beaker with water and heat. 5. Position the boiling tube in the hot water bath and record the temperature every thirty (30) seconds. If rapid temperature changes are observed then the time between readings should be decreased to obte sufficient data. 6. Stop timing once a constant temperature is achieved. 7. Record the results in a suitable table . & & 8. Re-write the experiment in the spaces provided recording all observations in a suitable table. Treatment of Results 1, Plot a graph of temperature versus time for the data obtained using the graph page supplied. 2, What is the boiling point of the test liquid used in the experiment? 3. Whyis it necessary to heat the liquid using a water bath? State whether or not your graph was different from the graph shown in the theory, 6. Ifyour graph was different suggest a possible cause for this variation.