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Ti liu tham kho
IN T S

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K thut s
L thuyt mch lgic & k thut s
K thut in t s
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1.1 i s Boole
Cc nh ngha
Bin lgic: i lng biu din
Chng 1.
Cc hm lgic c bn
bng k hiu no , ly gi tr 0
hoc 1
Hm lgic: nhm cc bin lgic
lin h vi nhau qua cc php
ton lgic, ly gi tr 0 hoc 1
Php ton lgic c bn:
V (AND), HOC (OR), PH NH
(NOT)
1.1 i s Boole
1.1 i s Boole
Biu din bin v hm lgic

Biu Ven:

Bng tht:
A
A hoc B
B
A v B
Mi bin lgic chia

khng gian thnh 2
khng gian con:
-1 khng gian con:
bin ly gi tr ng
(=1)
-Khng gian con
cn li: bin ly gi
tr sai (=0)
5
1.1 i s Boole
F(A,B)
1.1 i s Boole
Biu thi gian:

Ba Cac-n:
S trn ba Cac-n
bng s dng bng
tht
V d Ba Cac-n hm
Hoc 2 bin
Hm n bin s c:
n+1 ct (n bin v
gi tr hm)
2n hng: 2n t hp
bin
V d Bng tht hm
Hoc 2 bin
B
A
L th bin thin
theo thi gian ca
hm v bin lgic
1
1
V d Biu
thi gian ca
hm Hoc 2 bin
A
1
0
B
1
0
F(A,B)
1
t
1.1 i s Boole
1.1 i s Boole
Cc hm lgic c bn
Hm Ph nh:
Cc hm lgic c bn
Hm V:
V d Hm 1 bin
F(A) = A
F(A)
V d Hm 2 bin
F(A,B) = AB
1.1 i s Boole
Cc hm lgic c bn
Hm Hoc:
V d Hm 3 bin
F(A,B,C) = A + B + C
F(A,B)
10
1.1 i s Boole
A
Tnh cht cc hm lgic c bn

Tn ti phn t trung tnh duy nht cho php ton
Hoc v php ton V:
A+0=A
A.1 = A
Giao hon: A + B = B + A
A.B = B.A
Kt hp: A + (B+C) = (A+B) + C = A + B + C
A . (B.C) = (A.B) . C = A . B . C
Phn phi: A(B+C) = AB + AC
A + (BC) = (A+B)(A+C)
Khng c s m, khng c h s:
A + A + ... + A = A
Php b:
11
A=A
A.A....A = A
A+A =1
A.A = 0
12
1.1 i s Boole
1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic
nh l Mooc-gan
Dng tuyn v dng hi
Trng hp 2 bin A + B = A.B

A.B = A + B
Tng qut
F(Xi , +,.) = F(Xi ,., +)
Dng tuyn (tng cc tch) F(x, y, z) = xyz + x y + x z

Dng hi (tch cc tng)
F(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)(x + y)(x + y + z)
Dng chnh qui
Tnh cht i ngu
Tuyn chnh qui F(x, y, z) = xyz + x yz + xyz

Hi chnh qui F(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)(x + y + z)(x + y + z)
+
01
A + B = B + A A.B = B.A
A + 1 = 1 A.0 = 0
Khng phi dng chnh qui tc l dng n gin ha

13
14
Dng tuyn chnh qui

nh l Shannon: Tt c cc hm lgic c th trin
khai theo mt trong cc bin di dng tng ca 2
tch lgic:
Dng tuyn chnh qui

Nhn xt
Gi tr hm = 0
s hng tng ng b loi
Gi tr hm = 1
s hng tng ng bng tch cc bin
F(A,B,..., Z) = A.F(0,B,...,Z) + A.F(1,B,..., Z)
V d
F(A,B) = A.F(0,B) + A.F(1,B)

F(0,B) = B.F(0, 0) + B.F(0,1)
F(1,B) = B.F(1,0) + B.F(1,1)
F(A,B) = AB.F(0, 0) + AB.F(0,1) + AB.F(1, 0) + AB.F(1,1)
Nhn xt
2 bin Tng 4 s hng, 3 bin Tng 8 s hng
n bin Tng 2n s hng
15
16
Dng tuyn chnh qui
V d
Cho hm 3 bin F(A,B,C).
Hy vit biu thc hm
di dng tuyn chnh qui.
F(A,B,C) = A B C + A B C +
A B C+A B C+
A BC
17
18
Dng hi chnh qui

Nhn xt
F(A,B,..., Z) = [A + F(1,B,...,Z)].[A + F(0,B,..., Z)]
Gi tr hm = 1
s hng tng ng b loi
Gi tr hm = 0
s hng tng ng bng tng cc bin
F(A,B) = [A + F(1,B)][A + F(0,B)]

F(0,B) = [B + F(0,1)][B + F(0, 0)]
F(1,B) = [B + F(1,1)][B + F(1, 0)]
F(A,B) = [A + B + F(1,1)][A + B + F(1, 0)]
Nhn xt
Dng hi chnh qui

nh l Shannon: Tt c cc hm lgic c th trin
khai theo mt trong cc bin di dng tch ca 2
tng lgic:
V d
Dng tuyn
chnh qui
[A + B + F(0,1)][A + B + F(0, 0)]
2 bin Tch 4 s hng, 3 bin Tch 8 s hng

n bin Tch 2n s hng
19
20
Dng hi chnh qui
V d
Cho hm 3 bin F(A,B,C).
Hy vit biu thc hm
di dng hi chnh qui.
F = (A +B+ C)(A+B+ C)(A +B+ C)
21
22
Biu din di dng s
Biu din di dng s
Dng tuyn chnh qui
ABCD
F(A,B,C) = R(1,2,3,5,7)
= Ax23 +B x22 + C x21 + D x20

= Ax8 +B x4 + C x2 + D x1
LSB (Least Significant Bit)
Dng hi chnh qui
MSB (Most Significant Bit)
F(A,B,C) = I(0,4,6)
Dng hi chnh
qui
23
24
1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic
Mc tiu: S s hng t nht v s bin t nht
Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:
trong mi s hng
Mc ch: Gim thiu s lng linh kin
Phng php: - i s
- Ba Cac-n
-...
C th ti thiu ho mt hm lgic bng cch

nhm cc s hng.
ABC + ABC + ABCD =
AB + ABCD =
A(B + BCD) = A(B + CD)
Phng php i s
(1)
(2)
(3)
AB + AB = B
A + AB = A
A + AB = A + B
(A + B)(A + B) = B
C th thm s hng c vo mt biu

thc lgic.
(1')
ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =
A(A + B) = A (2')
A(A + B) = AB (3')
ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =

BC + AC + AB
25
26
Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:
Phng php ba Cac-n
C th loi i s hng tha trong mt biu

thc lgic
AB + BC + AC =
BC
AB + BC + AC(B + B) =
00 01 11 10
AB + BC + ABC + ABC =
AB(1 + C) + BC(1 + A) = AB + BC
Trong 2 dng chnh qui, nn chn cch biu

din no c s lng s hng t hn.
27
AB
00
01
11
10
5
28

Phng php ba Cac-n
CD
AB
00
01
11
10
00
01
11
12
13
15
14
10
11
10
29
Qui tc 1:nhm cc sao cho s lng trong nhm l mt
Qui tc 2: S lng trong nhm lin quan
s lu tha ca 2. Cc trong nhm c gi tr hm cng bng 1.

AB
00
01
11
10
00
01
vi s lng bin c th loi i.

Nhm 2 loi 1 bin, nhm 4 loi 2 bin,
... nhm 2n loi n bin.
CD
00
01
11
00
01
AB
11
11
10
10
30
CD
Cc quy tc sau pht biu cho dng

tuyn chnh quy. dng cho
dng hi chnh quy phi chuyn
tng ng
10
BC
A
31
00
01
11
10
F(A,B, C) = A B C + A B C
=B C
32
BC
A
00
01
11
CD
10
00
AB
F(A,B,C) = A C + B C
01
00
01
11
10
11
10
1
F(A,B, C,D) = B C + B D
BC
A
00
01
11
10
F(A,B,C) = B C + A B
33
hp c nhng gi tr
hm l khng xc
nh
(khng
chc
chn lun bng 0
hoc khng chc chn
lun bng 1), c th
coi gi tr hm l
bng 1 xem c th
nhm c vi cc
m gi tr hm xc
nh bng 1 hay
khng.
00
AB
01
00
34
Bi tp chng 1 (1/3)
1. Chng minh cc biu thc sau:
a)
CD
Qui tc 3: Trng
11
10
AB + A B = A B + A B
b)
AB + A C = (A + C)(A + B)
c)
01
11
10
AC + B C = A C + B C
2. Xy dng bng tht v vit biu thc lgic ca hm F

xc nh nh sau:
a) F(A,B,C) = 1 ng vi t hp bin c s lng bin
bng 1 l mt s chn hoc khng c bin no bng 1.
Cc trng hp khc th hm bng 0
b) F(A,B,C,D) = 1 ng vi t hp bin c t nht 2 bin
bng 1. Cc trng hp khc th hm bng 0.
F(A,B, C,D) = B C + B C
35
36
Bi tp chng 1 (2/3)
Bi tp chng 1 (3/3)
3. Trong mt cuc thi c 3 gim kho. Th sinh

ch t kt qu nu c a s gim kho tr ln
nh gi t. Hy biu din mi quan h ny
bng cc phng php sau y:
a) Bng tht
b) Ba Cac-n
c) Biu thi gian
d) Biu thc dng tuyn chnh quy
e) Biu thc dng hi chnh qui
f) Cc biu thc cu d), e) di dng s.
4. Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php

i s:
a) F(A, B, C, D) = (A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C)
b) F(A, B, C) = (A + B + C)(A + B + C )( A + B + C)(A + B + C )
5. Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng ba Cc-n:
a) F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
b) F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,3,5,8,9,13,14,15)
c) F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13)
d) F(A,B,C,D) = I(1,4,6,7,9,10,12,13)
e) F(A,B,C,D,E)=R(0,1,9,11,13,15,16,17,
20,21,25,26,27,30,31)
37
Gii bi tp chng 1
Gii bi tp chng 1
1. a)
1. b)
AB + AC = (A + C)(A + B)
AB + AC = (AB + A)(AB + C)
= (A + B)(AB + C)
= AAB + AC + AB + BC
= AC + BC + AA + AB
= C(A + B) + A(A + B)
= (A + C)(A + B)
AB + A B = (AB)(A B)
=(A+B)(A+B)
=AA + AB + AB + BB
= AB + AB
38
39
40
10
Gii bi tp chng 1
Gii bi tp chng 1
1. c)
A
AC + BC = AC + B C
AC + BC = (A + C)(B + C)
= A B + B C + AC
= B C + AC + A B C + A B C
= B C + AC
41
Gii bi tp chng 1
42
Gii bi tp chng 1
4. b)
4. a)
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C)
F( A, B, C) = ( A + B + C)(A + B + C )( A + B + C)( A + B + C )
(A + BC) + A(B + C)(AD + C) = (A + BC) + (A + BC)(AD + C)

= (A + BC) + (AD + C)
= A(1 + D) + C(1 + B)
= A+C
F = (A + B + CC)(A + B + CC)
= (A + B)(A + B)
= AA + AB + AB + B
= B(A + A + 1)
=B
43
44
11
Gii bi tp chng 1
5.
Gii bi tp chng 1
a) F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14)
5. c) F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13)
CD
CD
00
AB
00
01
11
10
00
AB
00
01
01
11
11
10
10
45
10
1
01
11
46
Gii bi tp chng 1
5. d)
CD
00
AB
00
11
10
CD
01
11
10
01
00
0
0
00
AB
F(A,B,C,D) = (B + C + D)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(B + C + D)(A + B + C + D)

47
11
10
01
11
10
01
1
1
48
12
Gii bi tp chng 1
Ba Cc-n 5 bin
Gii bi tp chng 1
F(A,B,C,D,E)=R(0,1,9,11,13,15,16,17,20,21,25,26,27,30,31)
C=0
DE
AB
00
C=0
C=1
DE
AB
00 01 11 10 10 11 01 00
0
00
00 01 11 10 10 11 01 00
1
01
11
10
14
15
13
12
01
11
24
25
27
26
30
31
29
28
11
24
25
20
10
10
16
17
19
18
22
23
21
C=1
16
17
49
11
27
19
10
14
26
18
30
22
15
31
23
13
12
29
28
21
20
50
2.1 Mch Hoc, mch V dng it

D1
Chng 2.
Cc phn t lgic c bn
v mch thc hin
U1
U2
D2
UY
U1, U2 = 0 hoc E vn
U1A, U2 B, UY F(A,B)
0v0, Ev1
Bng tht hm Hoc 2

bin
51
U1
U2
UY
0
0
E
E
0
E
0
E
0
E
E
E
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
52
13
2.1. Mch V, mch Hoc dng it

U1, U2 = 0
hoc E vn
D1
U1
U2
+E
R
D2
UY
U1A, U2 B, Us F(A,B)
0v0, Ev1
Bng tht hm V 2 bin
2.2. Mch o dng tranzixto
U1
U2
UY
0
0
E
E
0
E
0
E
0
0
0
E
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
UE
E
UY
UE = 0 hoc E vn
UEA, UY F(A)
0v
0, Ev
1
Bng tht hm Ph nh
Ic
Ib
B
B
NPN
E
Ie
PNP
E
Ie
Ie = Ib +Ic, Ie v Ic >> Ib
2.2. Mch o dng tranzixto
Rb
Ic
Ib
Tranzixto thng dng khuch i.Cn trong

mch lgic, tranzixto lm vic ch kha, tc c
2 trng thi: Tt (Ic = 0, Ucemax), Thng (c th
bo ha): Icmax, Uce = 0
53
Rc
Tranzixto l dng c bn dn, c 2 kiu: NPN v PNP
54
2.3. Cc mch tch hp s

UE
UY
F(A)
Mch tch hp (IC): Integrated Circuits

Mch ri rc
Mch tch hp
tng t : lm vic vi tn hiu tng t
s: lm vic vi tn hiu ch c 2 mc
1
0
55
56
14

Phn loi theo bn cht linh kin c s
dng
Phn loi theo s tranzixto cha trn mt IC

SSI
Small Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c nh)
n < 10
MSI
Medium Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c trung bnh)
n = 10..100
LSI
Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c ln)
n = 100..1000
VLSI
Very Large Scale Integration
(Mch tch hp c rt ln)
n = 103..106
S dng tranzixto lng cc:

RTL (Resistor Transistor Logic)
DTL (Diode Transistor Logic)
TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic)
ECL (Emiter Coupled Logic)
S dng tranzixto trng
(FET: Field Effect Transistor):
MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) NMOS
PMOS
CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor)
57
58

Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp
s
c tnh in
Cc mc lgic.
5v
5v
V d: H TTL
Mc 1
Mc 1
3,3
Di khng
xc nh
2
Di khng
xc nh
0,8
0
Mc 0
Vo TTL
59
0,5
Mc 0
Ra TTL
60
15
Mt s c tnh ca cc mch tch hp s
c tnh in
Thi gian truyn: gm
Thi gian tr ca thng tin u ra so vi
u vo
50%
100%
90%
THL
TLH
Vo
Thi gian cn thit tn hiu chuyn bin t mc 0 ln

mc 1 (sn dng), hay t mc 1 v mc 0 (sn m)
50%
c tnh in
Thi gian truyn:
tR: thi gian thit lp sn

dng(sn ln)
tF: thi gian thit lp sn
50%
50%
m(sn xung)
10%
Ra
0%
tR
tF
Thi gian tr trung bnh c nh gi:

Ttb = (TLH + THL)/2
61
62

c tnh in
Cng sut tiu th ch ng:
mW

c tnh c
* DIL (Dual In Line): s chn t 8 n 64.
100
ECL
TTL
10
CMOS
1
f
0,1
0,1
10
MHz
63
64
16

c tnh c
* V hnh vung
c tnh c
* SIL (Single In Line)
* V hnh vung
65
2.4. K hiu cc phn t lgic c bn
V
A A
A
&
AB
2.4. K hiu cc phn t lgic c bn
Hoc-o (NOR)
A
AB
A
B
&
AB
A
B
&
AB
Hoc m rng (XOR)

A B = AB + AB
A
Hoc
AB
1 A+B
V-o (NAND)
66
=1 A
B
1 A+B
AB
00
01
10
11
F
0
1
1
0
67
68
17
3.1 Khi nim
Chng 3.
H t hp
H lgic c chia thnh 2 lp h:

H t hp
H dy
H t hp: Tn hiu ra ch ph thuc tn

hiu vo hin ti H khng nh
H dy: Tn hiu ra khng ch ph thuc
tn hiu vo hin ti m cn ph
thuc qu kh ca tn hiu vo H
c nh
69
3.2.1 B m ha
3.2 Mt s ng dng h t hp
3.2.1 B m ha
Dng chuyn cc gi tr nh phn ca bin
vo sang mt m no .
V d - B m ha dng cho bn phm ca my
tnh.
Phm K tT m
- C th trng hp bn phm ch c 9
phm.
- N: s gn cho phm (N = 1...9)
- B m ha c :
+ 9 u vo ni vi 9 phm
+ 4 u ra nh phn ABCD
70
P1
P2
1
A
2
Pi
B
i
M ho
N=i
C
D
P9
9
N = 4 ABCD = 0100, N = 6 ABCD = 0110.

Nu 2 hoc nhiu phm ng thi c n M ha u tin
(nu c 2 hoc nhiu phm ng thi c n th b m ha
ch coi nh c 1 phm c n, phm c n ng vi m
cao nht)
71
72
18
3.2.1 B m ha
Xt trng hp n gin, gi thit ti mi thi
im ch c 1 phm c n.
A = 1 nu (N=8) hoc
N
ABCD
(N=9)
1
0001
B = 1 nu (N=4) hoc
2
0010
(N=5)
3
0011
hoc (N=6)
4
0100
hoc (N=7)
5
0101
C = 1 nu (N=2) hoc
6
0110
(N=3)
7
0111
hoc (N=6)
8
1000
hoc (N=7)
D = 1 nu (N=1) hoc
9
1001
(N=3)
hoc (N=5)
73

1
D
N=2
1
N=4
N=5
N=6
1
B
N=7
N=8
N=
8
N=
9
74
M ha u tin
S b m ha
N=3
3.2.1 B m ha
N=1
N=
1
N=
2
1
A
N=9
75
A=1
nu
N = 8 hoc N = 9
B=1
nu
(N = 4 hoc N = 5 hoc N = 6 hoc N=7) v
(Not N = 8) v( Not N=9)
C=1
nu
N = 2 v (Not N=4) v (Not N= 5) v (Not N
= 8) v
(Not N = 9)
hoc
N = 3 v (Not N=4) v (Not N= 5) v (Not N = 8) v
(Not N = 9)
hoc N = 6 v (Not N = 8) v (Not N = 9)
hoc
N = 7 v (Not N = 8) v (Not N = 9)
D = 1 nu N = 1 v (Not N =2) v (Not N = 4) v (Not N = 6)v
(Not N = 8)
hoc N = 3 v (Not N = 4) v (Not N = 6)v (Not N = 8)
hoc N = 5 v (Not N = 6)v (Not N = 8)
hoc
N = 7 v (Not N = 8)
hoc
N=9
76
19
3.2.2 B gii m
3.2.2 B gii m
Cung cp 1 hay nhiu thng tin u ra khi u vo xut

hin t hp cc bin nh phn ng vi 1 hay nhiu
t m c la chn t trc.
Gii m cho tt c cc t hp ca b m:
V d
B gii m c 4 bit nh phn ABCD u vo, 16
bit u ra
Gii m cho 1 cu hnh (hay 1 t m) c xc nh

V d
u ra ca b gii m bng 1(0) nu u vo 4 bit nh
phn ABCD = 0111, cc trng hp khc u ra = 0(1).
D
C
B
A
&
Gii
m
:
Yi
Y15
ng vi mt t hp 4 bit u vo, 1 trong 16 u

ra bng 1 (0) , 15 u ra cn li bng 0 (1).
Y=1 nu
N=(0111)2 = (7)10
77
3.2.2 B gii m - ng dng
Y0
Y1
A
B
C
D
B gii m BCD
B gii m BCD: M BCD (Binary Coded

Decimal) dng 4 bit nh phn m ho
cc s thp phn t 0 n 9. B gii m
s gm c 4 u vo v 10 u ra.
78
79
Y0
Y1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Y9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
80
20
B gii m BCD
Gii m a ch
Y0 = A B C D
CD
AB
Y2 = BCD
00 01 11 10
00
dng 0
CS = 1: chn b nh
CS = 0: khng chn
Y3 = BCD
dng 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Y4 = BC D
01
11
a ch 10 bit. CS: u vo cho php chn b

nh.
Y1 = A B C D
10
Y5 = BC D
a ch
Y6 = BC D
Gii m
a ch
dng i
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
10
Y7 = BCD
dng 1023
Y8 = AD
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Y9 = AD
c ra nh
th i
CS (Chip Select)
Bi tp: V s ca b gii m BCD

81
Gii m a ch
82
To hm lgic
a ch 16 bit.
Gi s c hm 3 bin : F(A,B,C) = R(3,5,6,7)
S nh c th a ch ho c : 216 = 65 536.
Chia s nh ny thnh 64 trang, mi trang c 1024 .
16 bit a ch t A15...A0, 6 bit a ch v pha MSB
A15...A10 c dng nh a ch trang, cn li 10 bit
t A9...A0 nh a ch nh cho mi trang.
Y0
A
10
B nh
A9....A0
a ch
CS
6
22
Y1
Y2
21
Gii
m
Y3
Y4
Y5
20
F(A,B,C)
Y6
Y7
Gii m
A15....A10
nh thuc trang 3 s c a ch thuc khong:

(0C00)H (0 0 0 0 1 1 A9...A0)2 (0FFF)H
83
84
21
B chuyn i m
Chuyn mt s N vit theo m C1 sang vn s N
nhng vit theo m C2.
V d: B chuyn i m t m BCD sang m ch
th 7 thanh.
B
a
N A
g b
Mi thanh l 1 it pht
quang (LED)
00 01 11 10
00
1 0 1 1
01
11
0
0
D 1
10
86
Tng hp b chuyn i m
&
0 1 1 1

1 1
Tng hp b chuyn i m
CD
AB
1
1
85
0
A
&
CD
AB
00 01 11 10
CD
AB
00 01 11 10
00
1 1 1 1
00
1 1 1 0
01
1 0 1 0
01
1 1 1 1
11

1 1
11
1
A
C
10
1 1
a = A + C +BD +B D
b
10
Bi tp: Lm tng t cho cc thanh cn li
87
88
22
3.2.3 B chn knh (Multiplexer)

C nhiu u vo tn hiu v mt u ra.
Chc nng: chn ly mt trong cc tn hiu u vo a ti u ra
MUX 4-1
MUX 2-1
X0
X0
X1
X2
X1
X3
C0
C0
C1
u vo iu khin
89
C1
C0
C0
X0
X0
X1
X1
X2
X3
90
3.2.3 B chn knh (Multiplexer)

V d Tng hp b chn knh 2-1
E0
MUX 2-1
X0
X1
X1X0
C0
0
1
00
X1
X0
X0
E0
E1
X1
01
11
1
1
10
C0
CS
S
S1
CS
C0
CS =1: chn knh lm vic bnh thng

CS = 0: ra chn knh = 0
Vo iu khin
Y = X 0C0 + X1C0
S0
E1
C0
C0
C0
91
92
23
S b chn knh 2-1

E
S0
X0
E
0
E
1
S1
&
C0
&
X1
C
0
Vo iu khin
93
ng dng ca b chn knh

Chn ngun tin
Ngun tin 1
94
ng dng ca b chn knh

Chn ngun tin
Ngun tin 2
A = a3 a2 a1 a0
B = b3 b2 b1 b0
C0
Nhn
Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
95
96
24
ng dng ca b chn knh

ng dng ca b chn knh
Chuyn i song song ni tip
To hm lgic
f(A,B) = A Bf(0,0) + A Bf(0,1) + A Bf(1,0) + A Bf(1,1)
C0
a0
Y = C1C 0E0 + C1C 0E1 + C1C 0E2 + C1C 0E3
a1
a2
C1
a3
C0
a0
C1
Cc u
vo
chn hm
Y
a1
a2
a3
f(0,0)
E0
f(0,1)
E1
Y = f(A,B)
f(1,0)
E2
f(1,1)
E3
C1
C0
A
Cc
bin
ng dng ca b chn knh

A
f=AB

C1
C0
0= f(0,0)
X0
0 =f(0,1)
X1
X2
0=f(1,0)
X0
X1
X2
X3
C1
A
Y = AB
C0
To hm lgic
B
f=A+B
C1
C0
X0
X1
X2
A
1
1=f(1,1)
X3
98
ng dng ca b chn knh
To hm lgic
B
97
X0
X1
X2
X3
C1
Y=
A+B
C0
X3
&
B to hm c th lp trnh c
99
100
25
3.2.4 B phn knh (Demultiplexer)
3.2.4 B phn knh (Demultiplexer)

C mt u vo tn hiu v nhiu u ra.

Chc nng : dn tn hiu t u vo a ti mt
trong cc u ra.
Y0
Y1
DEMUX 1-2
DEMUX 1-4
Y0
X
Y0
X
C0
Y1
Y1
Y2
Y3
C0
C0
C1
101
3.2.5 B so snh
3.2.5 B so snh
So snh n gin:So snh 2 s 4 bit

A = a3a2a1a0 v B = b3b2b1b0.
A = B nu:(a3 = b3) v (a2 = b2) v (a1 = b1) v
(a0 = b0).
a3
So snh y :Thc hin so snh tng bit mt,

bt u t MSB.
a >b
a <b
E
ai
bi
ai=bi
Si
Ii
Ei
Phn t so snh
i
=1
Phn t
b2
a1
ai
bi
=1
&
A=B
=1
Ei
Ii
Si
E: cho php so snh

E = 1: so snh
E = 0: khng so snh
b1
a0
so snh
b3
a2
102
=1
b0
103
104
26
3.2.5 B so snh
3.2.5 B so snh
So snh y : B so snh song song
V d So snh 2 s 3 bit A = a2a1a0, B = b2b1b0
Si = E(aibi )
Ii = E(ab
i i)
Ei = E(ai bi ) = Eaibi + Eai bi = E.Si .Ii = E(Si + Ii )
ai
S2
a2
b2
&
Phn t
so snh
E2
I2
A>B
Si
bi
a1
&
Ei
b1
S1
Phn t
so snh
E1
I1
S0
Phn t
so snh
E0
I0
A<B
&
Ii
a0
b0
105
3.2.6. Cc b s hc
B cng
a
Cng
b
(Tng)
r (S nh)
106
B cng
B bn tng
(Half Adder)
A=B
Cng 2 s nhiu bit:

r3
=a b
r2
r1
r0
A=
a3
a2
a1
a0
+B =
b3
b2
b1
b0
r1 0
r = ab
=1
r4
r3
r2
&
r
Kt
qu
107
2
108
27
B cng
B cng
Thao tc lp li l cng 2 bit vi nhau v
cng vi s nh
Full Adder
ai
ri
bi
Cng
y
i
ri+1
aibi
ai
bi
ri
ri+1
ri
aibi
ri
11
10
1
i = ai bi ri
ri+1 = ai bi + ri (ai bi)
ri+1
00
01
11
10
109
B cng
110
B cng 2 s n bit
B cng y (Full Adder)
A = an-1an-2...a1a0 , B = bn-1bn-2...b1b0
B cng song song
ri
ai
01
1
i
00
=1
=1
an-1 bn-1
rn-1
bi
&
&
FA
ri+1
a1
an-2 bn-2
rn-2
b1
a0
b0
r1
FA
r0= 0
FA
FA
rn
r2
n
111
n-1
n-2
112
28
B cng song song tnh trc s nh
B cng song song tnh trc s nh
ri+1 = aibi + ri(ai bi)

Pi = ai bi v Gi = aibi ri+1 = Gi + ri Pi
r1 = G0 + r0P0
G0
V d: Cng 2 s 4 bit
a3
b3 a2
r1
b2 a1
r2
P0
r3
a3 b3
r4
P1
r0
a0 b0
Tnh tng
r4 = 4
113
0
114
B tr
Kim tra 15 (T4,5,6,P) (12/9/05)
r1
a1 b1
r2 = G1 + G0P1 + r0P0P1
1
r2
a2 b2
r2 = G1 + r1P1 = G1+(G0 + r0P0)P1
&
P0
r0
P1 G1 P0 G0
Tnh cc s nh
1
&
r0
&
r0
G0
b0
Tnh Pi v Gi
P3 G3 P2 G2
G1
b1 a0
Gi thit c 2 ngun tin l tn hiu

m thanh ng vi u ra ca 2
micro M1 v M2. C th s dng b
chn knh 2-1 chn tn hiu ca
tng micro c khng ? Gii thch
l do.
(Khng s dng ti liu)
ai
bi
Bn hiu
ai
bi
Di
Bi+1
Di
Di = a i bi
Bi+1
Bi +1 = a i b i
(Half Subtractor)
ai
=1
Di
bi
&
Bi+1
115
116
29
B tr
B tr
Php tr 2 s nhiu bit cho nhau.Thao tc lp li l tr 2

bit cho nhau v tr s vay
ai
B tr
Di
bi
y
B
i
Bi+1
(Full Subtractor)
ai
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
bi
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Bi
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Di
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
Bi+1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
Bi
ai
bi
Bn
Bn
hiu
Di
Thc hin nh b cng song song.

Tr 2 s n bit cn n b tr y .
Di
hiu
(Trong b cng song song thay b cng

y bng b tr y , u ra s
nh tr thnh u ra s vay)
Bi+1
Bi+1
B tr song song:
117
118
Kim tra 15 T1,2,3. Khng dng ti liu

Hy ly 1 v d thc t c th thc
hin bng 1 hm lgic 3 bin.
- Lp bng tht
- Ti thiu ha hm bng ba Cacn
- Vit biu thc hm ti thiu
ha v v s thc hin
119
Lch hc mn in t s cho 3 lp
T1,2,3 K48 trong 3 tun 6, 7, 8
thay i nh sau:
Tun 6,7:
Th 4: C Lin dy tip tit 5,
ngh tit 6
Th 7: C Dung dy TTHCM tit
1,2,3
Tun 8:
Th 4: C Trang dy TS tit
5,6
Th 7: C Dung dy TTHCM tit
120
30
B nhn
Lch hc mn in t s cho 3 lp T4,5,6,P

K48 trong 3 tun 6, 7, 8 thay i nh sau
(tun ny l tun 5)
Tun 6,7:
Th 2: Tit 1,2 ngh ( hc vo tun 4)
Th 7: Thy Minh dy LTM t tit 1 n
tit 6
Tun 8:
Th 2: Thy Trung dy TTHCM t tit 1
n tit 6
Th 7: Thy Minh dy LTM t tit 1 n
tit 6
Gi thit nhn 2 s 4 bit A v B:

A = a3a2a1a0, B = b3b2b1b0
a3b1
a1
a0
b1
b0
a0b0
a3b0
a2b0
a1b0
a2b1
a1b1
a0b1
a0b2
a3b2
a2b2
a1b2
a2b3
a1b3
a0b3
p6
p5
p4
p3
p7
B nhn
a2
b2
a3b3
121
a3
b3
p2
p1
p0
122
B nhn
A x b0
Dy thao tc cn
phi thc hin khi
nhn 2 s 4 bit
a3
b1
a2
&
A x b1
&
a1
&
a0
(A x b0) + (A x b1 dch tri 1 bit) = 1
&
a2
&
a1
&
&
CI
CO
a3
b2
a3
b0
&
3
3
a2
&
2
2
a1
&
1
1
a0
&
0
0
a0
&
CI: Carry Input

(vo s nh)
CO: Carry Output
(ra s nh)
A x b2
3
1+ (A x b2 dch tri 2 bit) = 2
a3
b3
&
CI
CO
a2
&
a1
&
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
a0
&
A x b3
3
2+ (A x b3 dch tri 3 bit) = 3

CI
CO
p7
123
3
3
2
2
p6
1
1
p5
0
0
p4
p3
p2
p1
p0
124
31
Bi tp ln

Tin 1: b cng song song t 1 n

8 bit
Tin 2: b tr song song t 1 n 8
bit
Tin 3: b so snh song song t 1
n 8 bit
Bo co: np theo lp, chiu th 7,
tun 12, trc 16h30 (bo co in
trn giy (khng vit bng tay): , lm th no, kt qu, CT
ngun)
a2
0
a1
0
a0
0
c0
0
c1
0
a0
0
b1
0
b0
0
p3
0
p2
0
p1
0
p0
0
125
a3
0
a1
0
126
128
Chng 4
H dy
127
32
4.1 Khi nim

X1=
X2=
H dy: tin tc u ra khng ch ph thuc tin

tc u vo thi im hin ti m cn ph
thuc vo qu kh ca cc tin tc na h
c nh.
V d: Xt b cng nh phn lin tip. B cng
c 2 u vo X1, X2 l 2 s nh phn cn cng,
u ra Y l tng ca X1, X2.
t5 t4
t3 t2 t1
4.1 Khi nim
1
1
0
0
B
cng
lin
tip
t5
t4
t3
t2
t1
X1=
X2=
Y=
Nhn xt: Tn hiu ra Y l khc nhau ngay c

trong cc trng hp tn hiu vo nh nhau
Phn bit 2 loi qu kh ca tn hiu vo: mt
l loi tn hiu vo to ra s nh bng 0 v
hai l loi tn hiu vo to ra s nh bng 1.
Hai loi ny to nn 2 trng thi ca b cng
l c nh (s nh = 1) v khng nh(s nh
= 0).
Ra ti :
vo ti
s nh ti-1: vo ti-1
s nh ti-2
LSB
129
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
130
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
Mealy: m t h dy bng b 5
H
DY
X : tp hu hn cc tn hiu vo. Nu h c m u vo
cc tn hiu vo tng ng l x1,x2...,xm
S : tp hu hn cc trng thi. Nu h c n trng thi
cc trng thi tng ng l s1,s2...,sn
Y: tp hu hn cc tn hiu ra. Nu h c l u ra ta c
Trng thi
cc tn hiu ra tng ng l y1,y2...,yl

Fs: hm trng thi. Fs = Fs(X,S)
Fy : hm ra. Fy = Fy(X,S)
M hnh Mealy v m hnh Moore
Moore: cng dng b 5 nh m hnh Mealy

iu khc bit duy nht: Fy = Fy(S)
131
132
33
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
V d B cng nh phn lin tip
Hm trng thi: (trng thi hin ti, trng thi

tip theo)
Fs(s0,11) = s1
Fs(s0,x1x2) = s0 nu x1x2=00, 01 hoc 10
Fs(s1,00) = s0
Fs(s1,x1x2) = s1 nu x1x2=10, 01 hoc 11.
Hm ra:
Fy(s0,00
Fy(s0,01
Fy(s1,00
Fy(s1,01
Xt theo m hnh Mealy:

Tp tn hiu vo: X={00,01,10,11}.

Tp tn hiu ra: Y = {0,1}.
Tp trng thi: S = {s0, s1}
Trng thi s0 l trng thi khng nh hay s nh
to ra bng 0.
Trng thi s1 l trng thi c nh hay s nh to
ra bng 1.
Hm ra:
Fy(s00) = Fy(s10) = 0
Fy(s01) = Fy(s11) = 1
134
Bng trng thi Mealy

X
Tp trng thi: {s00, s01, s10, s11}

s00 : trng thi khng nh, tn hiu ra bng 0
s01 : trng thi khng nh, tn hiu ra bng 1
s10 : trng thi c nh, tn hiu ra bng 0
s11 : trng thi c nh, tn hiu ra bng 1.
Hm trng thi:
Fs(s00 hoc s01,00) = s00 ...
0
1
1
0
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
Tp tn hiu vo: X={00,01,10,11}.

Tp tn hiu ra: Y = {0,1}.
=
=
=
=
Xt theo m hnh Moore:

11)
10)
11)
10)
133
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
hoc
hoc
hoc
hoc
X1
X2
...
XN
s1
Fs(s1,X1),Fy(s1,X1)
Fs(s1,X2),Fy(s1,X2)
Fs(s1,XN),Fy(s1,XN)
s2
Fs(s2,X1),Fy(s2,X1)
Fs(s2,X2),Fy(s2,X2)
Fs(s2,XN),Fy(s2,XN)
sn
Fs(sn,X1),Fy(sn,X1)
Fs(sn,X2),Fy(sn,X2)
Fs(sn,XN),Fy(sn,XN)
Tn hiu ra
Trng thi tip theo
Trng thi hin ti
135
Nu h c m u vo th N <= 2m
136
34
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
Bng trng thi Moore
X
S
Mealy
Y
X1
X2
...
XN
Fs(s1,X1)
Fs(s1,X2)
Fs(s1,XN)
Moore
x1x2
x1x2
s1
Fy(s1)
s2
Fs(s2,X1)
Fs(s2,X2)
Fs(s2,XN)
Fy(s2)
sn
Fs(sn,X1)
Fs(sn,X2)
Fs(sn,XN)
Trng thi hin ti
00
01
11
10
s0
s0,0
s0,1
s1,0
s0,1
s1
s0,1
s1,0
s1,1
s1,0
Fy(sn)
137
4.2 Cc m hnh h dy
X
s1
11
10
s00
s00
s01
s10
s01
s01
s00
s01
s10
s01
s10
s01
s10
s11
s10
s11
s01
s10
s11
s10
Trig l phn t nh v l phn t c bn ca h dy

Trng thi ca trig chnh l tn hiu ra ca n.
/Y
s2
4.3. 1 Trig RS
S
00
00/0
01,10
s00
11/0
11
Trng
thi
hin
ti
s10
01,10
11
00
s1
11
00
01,10/0
s11
00
01,10
Moore
00
01
11
10
Nh Xa Kx Tlp
S: Set, R: Reset
Phng trnh trng thi:
01,10
s01
SR
q
CLK
11/1
00/1
138
Mealy
01
4.3 Cc trig (Flip-Flop)
hnh trng thi
01,10/1
Y
00
Trng thi tip theo

s0
Q = S + Rq
Trng thi tip theo Trng thi hin ti
CLK: CLOCK (ng h, ng b)
11
139
140
35
Trig RS
Biu thi gian
S
CLK
R
0
1
0
1
Q
0
1
Q
0
Thit lp
141
Trig RS
Xa
Nh 0
Thit lp
Nh 1
142
4.3.2 Trig D (Delay)

Q=D
Tc dng ca ng h (CLK: CLOCK)
Tu thuc vo tn hiu
ng b tch cc theo
mc hay theo sn
m c 2 loi trig D:
D
S=1
R=0
Q=1
S=0
R=1
Q=1
S=1
R=0
Q=0

Cht D (D latch): ng b
theo mc
CLK
Q

D xc pht sn (edge triggered): ng b theo
sn dng hoc sn m ca tn hiu ng h v c k
hiu nh sau:
S=0
R=1
Q=0
CLK
ng b sn +
CLK
143
CLK
ng b sn
144
36
Trig D- Biu thi gian
Cht D
D xc pht
sn dng
145
4.3.3 Trig JK
146
4.3.4 Trig T
Q = J q + Kq
Q = Tq + Tq
Nh
Tlp 0
Lt
Tlp 1
Nh
147
Lt
148
37
4.4 Mt s ng dng h dy
4.4 Mt s ng dng h dy
4.4.1 B m v chia tn s
B m dng m xung. B m
mun N: m N-1 xung, xung th
N lm cho b m quay v trng
thi ngh hay trng thi 0.
Phn loi:
a)
B m khng ng b
V d B m khng ng b mun
16 dng trig JK ng b sn m
ng h.
B m mun 16 c 16 trng
thi cn 4 trig
B m ng b: xung m ng thi l xung

ng h a ti cc u vo CLK
B m khng ng b: khng cn a ng
thi xung m vo cc u vo CLK
149
a) B m khng ng b
n
q4
q3
q2
q1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
a) B m khng ng b
1
CLK
n: s xung m
q4, q3,q2, q1: Trng thi ca
4 trig
150
Q1
Q2
CLK
CLK
Q3
Q4
CLK
CLK
Xung m
1
Tv
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Tr = 2 Tv, Fr = Fv/2
Tr
151
152
38
a) B m khng ng b
b) B m ng b
C
V d Mun 8
B m mun 10
CLK
Q1
Q2
CLK
CLK
Q3
CLK
CLK
K CLR Q4
S
m
0
CLK
1
K CLR Q1
K CLR Q2
CLR: CLEAR (XA). CLR=0
K CLR Q3
Xung vo
(CLK)
Q4
CLK
Q=0
B
J
FF1
Q
CLK
FF2
Q
FF3
FF2,FF3:
J=K
J=K=1: Ch lt khi c CLK
J=K=0: Ch nh khi c CLK
153
154
4.4.2 Thanh ghi
B m ng thi l b chia tn s.
H s chia tn s ng bng mun ca b m
B m tin (tng):
s m tng ln 1 mi khi c 1 xung m
V d B m tin mun 8: 0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-0-

FF1:
J=K=1, lt trng thi khi c CLK
4.4.1 B m v chia tn s
Chc nng: Lu tr v dch chuyn thng tin

Phn loi:
RA
0
VO
RA
Vo ni tip Ra ni tip
B m li (gim):
s m gim i 1 mi khi c 1 xung m
Vo ni tip Ra song song
Vo song song Ra ni tip
155
VO
RA
Cc IC c ch to lm b m thng cho php m

theo c 2 chiu
VO
VO
V d B m li mun 8: 7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0-7-
CLK
RA
Vo song song Ra song song
156
39
4.4.2 Thanh ghi
4.4.2 Thanh ghi

VO
Dng
V d: Thanh ghi 4 bit dng trig D

A
S liu vo
CLOCK
C
D
D
D
CLK
CLK
CLK
CLK
CLR Q
CLR Q
CLR Q
CLR Q
CLEAR
CLR = 0
Q=0
157
RA
CLR
S
liu
CLK
10
11
12
10
13
11
14
12
15
13
158
4.4.2 Thanh ghi
Chung

1

0
Chng 5
Tng hp v phn tch h dy
159
160
40
5.2 Tng hp h dy
5.1 Khi nim

H dy c 2 loi bi ton: phn tch v tng hp
Bng ng dng ca trig

q
Bi ton tng hp h dy gm cc bc nh sau:
1. Tm bng trng thi di dng m ho trng thi

ca h
2. Thnh lp bng kch trig trn c s bng trng
thi m ho trn v bng ng dng ca trig
tng ng
3. Xc nh hm kch trig v ti thiu ho cc hm
kch
4. Xc nh hm ra v ti thiu ho cc hm ra.
5. V s thc hin h da trn cc hm kch v
hm ra xc nh c
V d 1 Tng hp thanh ghi 3 bit dch phi dng trig D
Thanh ghi 3 bit c 8 trng thi
c 3 bin trng thi cn 3 trig
161
5.2 Tng hp h dy (V d 1)
S liu vo: x
3 bin trng thi: q1q2q3
Bng trng thi m ha
Bin trng thi tip theo:

Q 1Q 2Q 3
000
000
100
001
000
100
010
001
101
011
001
101
100
010
110
101
010
110
110
011
111
111
011
111
q1q2q3
162
Hm kch trig
Q1 = x, Q2 = q1, Q3 = q2
D1 = x, D2 = q1, D3 = q2
S thc hin
x
D1
q1
CLK
q1
D2
q2
CLK
q2
D3
q3
CLK
q3
CLOCK
163
164
41
V d 2 Tng hp h dy ng b dng trig JK. H c 1 u
Tng hp theo m hnh Mealy
A: ch 0 u tin
B: c 0 ch 1
C: c 01
D: c 010
1/0
y=0001010..
0/0
0/0
C
1/0
1/1
1/0
q2
B,0
A,0
B,0
C,0
D,0 A,0
B,0
x
q1q2
C,1
Bng trng thi m ha
165
0/0
0/0
H dy
x=0101011..
Cn 2 bin trng thi q1q2 m

ha
q1
Bng trng thi
vo x v 1 u ra y. Cc u vo v ra ny u l nh
phn. u ra y = 1 nu u vo x xut hin theo qui
lut x = 0101. Cc trng hp khc th y = 0.
00
01,0 00,0
01
01,0 10,0
11
01,0 10,1
10
11,0 00,0
Q1Q2
Q1Q2
166
x
q1q2
Bng trng thi Moore
q Q
K
-
00
01,0 00,0
0 0
01
01,0 10,0
0 1
11
01,0 10,1
1 0
10
11,0 00,0
1 1
Q1Q2
x
0
S
A0 B0
B0
B0
J1K
1
1
J2K
2
J1K
1
J2K
A0
C0
B0
B0,0 C0,0
D0,0 A0,0
C0
D0
A0
C0
D0
B0
C1
D0
B0,0 C1,1
C1
D0
A0
C1
D0,0 A0,0
00
0-
1-
0-
0-
01
0-
-0
1-
-1
11
-1
-0
-0
-1
10
-0
1-
-1
0-
x
0
1
S
A0 B0,0 A0,0
x
q1 q
Bng trng thi Mealy
167
168
42
T4:
T5:
T6:
TP:
T1:
T2:
T3:
Bng
ng
dng
q Q J
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0
1 1
x
q1 q
2
Bng kch trig

x
q1 q
J1K
1
0
1
00
01
11
10
1
J2K
J1K
J2K
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1100
1011
0110
0001
0011
0111
1101
00
0-
1-
0-
0-
01
0-
-0
1-
-1
11
-1
-0
-0
-1
10
-0
1-
-1
0-
Hm kch trig J1 = xq2

J 2 = x K2 = x
K 1 = xq 2 + q 2 x
Hm ra: y = xq1q2
169
170
5.3 Phn tch h dy
Cc bc thc hin theo trnh t ngc li so vi tng hp

h dy
S thc hin
V d: Cho s h dy ng b dng trig JK nh sau. Hy

phn tch xc nh chc nng ca h.
&
1
x
&
J2
q2
CLK
K2
q2
=1
J1
q1
J2
CLK
J1
q2
K1
CLK
K2
K1
q1
q2
q1
&
CLK
q1
CLOCK
&
CLOCK
171
172
43
5.3 Phn tch h dy (V d)
T s vit biu thc hm kch v hm ra:

J1 = q2, K2 =
,x J2 = x, K1 =q 2
q 2 + xq1 q 2
, xyq1=
J1 = q2, K2 =
Bng kch trig

0
J1
q 2 + xq1 q 2
, xyq1=
Bng kch trig
x
q1q
,x J2 = x, K1 =q 2
1
J2
J1
J2
q Q J K
0 0 0 -
q1q
0
J1
1
J2
J1
J2
00
0 1 1 -
00
01
1 0 - 1
01
11
1 1 - 0
11
10
10
173
174
Bng trng thi m ha

0
q1q2
Q1Q
Q1Q
00
00,
0
10,
0
10,
1
00,
0
01,
0
11,
0
11,
0
01,
1
01
11
10
Bng kch trig
Bng trng thi

x
SA
x
0
A,0
B,0
q1q
Bng trng thi m ha
0
J1
1
J2
J1
J2
D,0
C,0
00
D,1
C,0
01
A,0
B,1
175
11
10
Q1Q
Q1Q
00
00
01
01
10
11
11
10
11
10
00
01
q1q2
176
44
1.
hnh trng thi
Cho s nh sau. M t
hot ng ca s khi phm
P4 c n.
D
CLK
B
m
mu
n
8
u vo
m
A MUX
B 8
1
C
P
20
21
+5
V
D2
D
3
22
P
6
P
0
177
2.
D0
Q0
D1
Q1
PR
CLK
START
D2
Q2
CLK
CLK
CLR
CLR
CLR
PR: PRESET
PR = 0
Q=1
CLOCK
CLK
178
3. Tng hp b so snh lin tip hai s A,B

c di bit tu bng h dy ng b
dng trig JK theo m hnh Moore. Hai s
A,B c so snh bt u t bit LSB.
D3
Q3
CLK
1
0
1
1
START
Cho dng tn hiu CLOCK v START nh hnh v. Hy v
dng trn cng trc thi gian tn hiu cc u ra Q0, Q1,
Q2, Q3 v gii thch.
179
180
45
5. Cho s nh sau. Hy phn tch v cho bit chc

nng ca h. V tn hiu ti cc u A, B, C dng trn
cng trc thi gian cho 8 xung ng h.
4. Cho s ng b dng trig T nh

sau. Hy phn tch v cho bit chc nng
ca s .
1
T1
q1
T2
CLK
q2
CLK
q1
q2
CLOCK
181
a
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
b
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
c
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
J1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
K1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
J2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
K2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
J3
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
K3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
B
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
C
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
182
6. Tng hp thanh ghi 4 bit vo ni tip ra song

song dng tri g D. Thanh ghi cn c u vo E
nh chiu dch. Nu E = 1 th thanh ghi dch phi,
cn E = 0 th thanh ghi dch tri.
001
010
100
183
184
46
2.
D0
Q0
D1
Q1
CLK
1
1
0
&
CLK
1
1
Q1
CLOCK
START
CLK
Q0
Q1
Q0
Q2
Q1
Q3
Q1
185
186
187
188
COUNTER MOD8
CLK
START
47
3.
A
t3
t2
t1
t0
1
LSB
So
snh
lin
tip
YG(A>B)
YE(A=B)
YL(A<B)
A > B: G (YG = 1), A = B: E (YE = 1), A < B: L (YL = 1)
189
3.
190
3.
A
B
t3
t2
t1
t0
So
snh
lin
tip
1
LSB
YG(A>B)
YE(A=B)
YL(A<B)
01
11
10
YG
YE
YL
L
L
L
G
E
L
G
G
G
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
t3
t2
t1
t0
1
LSB
AB
00
S
G
G
E
E
L
L
YG(A>B)
YE(A=B)
YL(A<B)
AB
q1q2
00
01
11
10
191
So
snh
lin
tip
q1q2
00
01
11
10
00
01
00
10
--
--
--
--
G :10, E : 00, L : 01
YG
YE
YL
192
48
4.
BI TP
Bng trng thi m ha:

q1q2 Q1Q2
00
01
01
10
10
00
11
00
1.
2.
Tp trng thi tng ng: l tp trng

thi
m ng vi cng mt tn hiu vo h
chuyn
n cng mthttp://cnpmk51-bkhn.org
trng thi tip theo v cho
cng
193
A7
A4
A2
A0
194
4. S dng b chn knh thch

hp to hm sau:
3. Vi gi tr no ca t hp
(A7A6...A1A0)2 th S = R
A6
Tng hp h t hp cho php

dng 3 cng-tc lm sng, tt
cng 1 n. Bt k cng tc
no cng c th lm sng, tt
n.
Khng dng b cng, hy tng
hp h t hp thc hin php
ton A = B+3. B l mt s 3
bit, cn A c s bit ty chn
cho thch hp
F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C + ABC
Chng minh cu tr li.
&
A5
A3
A1
&
195
196
49
5. Tng hp b chn knh 2-1

dng ch cc phn t NAND c
2 u vo.
6. Tng hp b phn knh 1-2.
7. Tng hp b nhn 2 s 2 bit
m khng dng b cng.
8. Dng mt b chn knh 8-1
to ra hm sau:
F(A,B,C,D) =
R(0,3,4,6,8,11,13,15)
Chng minh cu tr li.
H T HP
Tng hp:
Bit chc nng h -> Thit k s thc
hin h
1. Chc nng -> Bng tht (bin vo ? hm
ra ? quan h vo-ra ?)
2. T bng tht vit hm ra theo bin vo
(ti thiu ha)
3. V s thc hin hm c bc 2.
Phn tch:
Bit s thc hin h -> Tm chc nng
1. T s vit biu thc hm ra theo bin vo
2. Thnh lp bng tht da vo 1.
3. Suy ra chc nng t bng tht
197
198
Gii bi tp chng 5
1.
3 cng tc: 3 bin A, B, C. F=0: n tt, F=1: n sng
A
F=A
2. B: 3 bit
b2
A: 4 bit
b1
b0
a3
a2
a1
a0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1
b2
b1
b0
A=B+3
a3
a2
a1
a0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 0 0 1
C
Vit biu thc cc hm ra
theo 3 bin vo (ti thiu ha)
1 1 1 1 0 1 0
V s
199
200
50
F(A,B,C,D) =
R(0,3,4,6,8,11,13,15)
8.
4.
F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C + ABC

1
0
Vit biu thc hm di dng tuyn chnh qui:
F(A,B,C) = ABC +B C (A+A)+ ABC

= ABC + A B C +AB C + ABC
F(A,B,C) = R(0,2,4,7)
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7 C C C
2 1 0
F(A,B,
C)
A
B
C
201
A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
C
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
D
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
F
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7 C C C
2 1 0
F(A,B,C,
D)
B
C
D
202
1.3 cng tc: 3 bin A, B, C.
BI TP LN (1)
F=0: n tt, F=1: n sng
1. Lp trnh Pascal m phng b cng

song song.

B cng cho php cng 2 s nh phn
t 1 bit n 8 bit

Hai s nh phn cn cng c nhp
t bn phm

Kt qu hin th l s nh phn
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
203
204
51
BI TP LN (2)
BI TP LN (1/3)
2. Lp trnh Pascal m phng b so snh

song song.

B so snh cho php so snh 2 s nh
phn t 1 bit n 8 bit

Hai s nh phn cn so snh c
nhp t bn phm

Hin th kt qu so snh
1. Lp trnh m phng b cng song

song.
B cng cho php cng 2 s nh
phn t 1 bit n 8 bit
Hai s nh phn cn cng c
nhp t bn phm
Hin th kt qu
205
BI TP LN (2/3)
206
BI TP LN (3/3) (ST7/t15)
2. Lp trnh m phng b so snh

song song.
B so snh cho php so snh 2 s
nh phn t 1 bit n 8 bit
Hai s nh phn cn so snh c
nhp t bn phm
Hin th kt qu
3.
207
H dy ng b c 1 u vo x v 1
u ra y. u ra y = 1 nu u
vo x xut hin theo qui lut x =
0110. Cc trng hp khc th y =
0. Tng hp h dy dng trig JK
theo m hnh Mealy v m phng
h tng hp c theo ngn
ng lp trnh ty chn.
208
52
BI TP LN (2)
BI TP LN (3)
H dy ng b c 1 u vo x v 1
u ra y. u ra y = 1 nu u
vo x xut hin theo qui lut x =
1001. Cc trng hp khc th y =
0. Tng hp h dy dng trig JK
theo m hnh Mealy v m phng
h tng hp c theo ngn
ng lp trnh ty chn.
x=1
0010
01
y=
0001001 http://cnpmk51-bkhn.org
2.
Mi sinh vin np bo co bi tp
ln (in, khng vit tay). Trong
bo co cn c:
209
Chng trnh ngun

Phn tch chng trnh ngun
Kt qu chy chng trnh
Ch sinh vin no np bi tp ln
th mi
c d thi ln 1.Np theo lp
vo th 7 ca tun 12.
210
Kim tra 90. Khng s dng ti liu

Cc TL lin quan khng mt bn ()
Cu 1. S dng s lng t nht b chn knh 2-1 thc hin
mt b chn knh 4-1.
Cu 2. Gi thit c s 4 bit A = a3a2a1a0. Hy s dng s lng
b chn knh 4-1 cn thit thc hin php dch vng s A
nh sau:
a3a2a1a0 a0a3a2a1 a1a0a3a2 a2a1a0a3 a3a2a1a0
Cu 3. Cho s dng trig E
D v tn hiu vo E nh hnh
v. Hy v tn hiu ti u ra y
dng trn cng trc thi gian
vi CLK v gii thch.
D0
Q0
D1
Q1
CLK
&
Cu 4. Dng b gii m 3 u vo v s
lng t nht cc phn t lgic c bn
thc hin b cng y . Gii thch kt
qu.
CLK
Q1
CLOCK
CLK
211
212
53
Cu 6. Cho s nh hnh v. Hy v tn hiu ra ti q, ti

u vo R dng theo cng trc thi gian vi CLOCK v gii
thch. Bit rng b m mun 8 tch cc vi sn m ca
ng h. B m ch m khi u vo E mc cao, nu E
mc thp th b m khng m. Gi thit trc khi c
xung START trng
thi b m l 000 v q = 0.
STAR
Cu 5. Hy phn tch v cho bit chc nng ca s sau
S
q
>CLK
&
22
21
20
m mun 8
CLOCK
CLOCK
ENABLE
START
213
214
IT
CLOCK
UA > UK: it thng ID >0
START
UA
UK
ID
q,E
215
UA <= UK: it tt ID = 0
216
54
a1
a0
b1
b0
p3
p2
p1
p0
Chng 6. B nh
217
5.1. Vai tr ca b nh i vi h thng my tnh
5.1. Vai tr ca b nh i vi h thng my tnh
B nh chng trnh: cho php lu tr, ly ra, thay i chng

trnh
B nh d liu: lu tr d liu trong qu trnh chng trnh tnh
hoc kt qu chy chng trnh.
B nh trong (chnh) v b nh ngoi (ngoi vi)
B nh trong : thng tin c lu tr v ly ra vi tc rt nhanh
B nh ngoi: thng c dung lng rt ln hn so vi b nh trong
nhng chm hn so vi b nh trong.
B nh cha cc bit thng tin. T: nhm cc bit biu din cho mt
thc th thng tin. di t: c th t 4 n 32 bit hoc nhiu hn.
nh: tp cc phn t c th lu tr mt t. Chng hn: nh cha
t 8 bit c th gm 8 trig.
Dung lng b nh: thng c biu din theo bi ca 210 = 1024 (K)
211 = 2048 = 2K, 216 = 65536 = 64K
218
219
My tnh
n v s hc
n v iu khin
B nh trong
(bn dn)
n v x l trung tm (CPU)
B nh ngoi
(bng, a)
220
55
Cc thao tc i vi b nh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.2. T chc b nh
Chn a ch trong b nh ang c truy nhp c hoc ghi

La chn thao tc c hoc ghi cn phi thc hin
Cung cp d liu vo cn phi lu tr trong qu trnh ghi
Duy tr d liu ra ly t b nh trong qu trnh c
Kch hot (hoc khng kch hot) b nh b nh s (hoc khng)
c p ng i vi a ch a vo v lnh c/ghi
a
ch
D7
D6
D5
00
01
02
03
04
05
D2
D1
D0
06
07
08
09
221
D4 D3
222
Chip nh 8 t x 4 bit
Vo
Bus s liu 8 bit 2 chiu
I0
CPU
B nh
A0
a ch
A1
A2
O0
ghi
I1
I2
I3
CS
8 t
x 4 bit
WE
O1
Chip Select
Write Enable
O2 O3
Bus a ch 16 bit 1chiu

Tn hiu iu khin
Ra
223
224
56
I1
I0
Vo
CS
Gii m
T 0
WE
T 1
a ch
A0
A1
CS
Io
T 2
WE
A0
a ch
T 3
A1
A2
Oo
O1
I1
I2
8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 1
O1
I3
I4
CS
A0
A1
WE
A2
O4
O2 O3
I5
I6
8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 2
O5
I7
CS
WE
O6 O7
Mc song song 2 chip nh 8 t 4 bit to thnh chip nh 8 t 8 bit
Ra
O0
225
226
Mc song song chip nh tng dung lng b nh

Bit line
CS (A3)
CS
WE
Io
A0
a ch
A1
A2
Oo
I1
I2
8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 1
O1
I3
CS
Io
A0
A1
WE
O2 O3
A2
Oo
I1
I2
8 t
x 4 bit
Chip 2
O1
I3
CS
Read / Write
WE
O2 O3
I/O
Bit vo, ra chung mt ng
Bus chung
227
228
57
000
000
100
001
000
010
000
000
100
100
001
000
100
001
101
010
001
100
011
001
101
100
010
100
100
010
110
101
010
110
110
011
111
111
011
111
q1q2q3
q1q2q3
229
58

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Ti liu tham kho

Bi ging ny ( quan trng ! )

Bin lgic: i lng biu din

Biu din bin v hm lgic

Biu din bin v hm lgic

Mi bin lgic chia

Biu din bin v hm lgic

Tnh cht cc hm lgic c bn

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng tuyn v dng hi

Trng hp 2 bin A + B = A.B

Dng tuyn (tng cc tch) F(x, y, z) = xyz + x y + x z

Tnh cht i ngu

Tuyn chnh qui F(x, y, z) = xyz + x yz + xyz

Khng phi dng chnh qui tc l dng n gin ha

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng tuyn chnh qui

Dng tuyn chnh qui

F(A,B,..., Z) = A.F(0,B,...,Z) + A.F(1,B,..., Z)

F(A,B) = A.F(0,B) + A.F(1,B)

F(A,B) = AB.F(0, 0) + AB.F(0,1) + AB.F(1, 0) + AB.F(1,1)

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng tuyn chnh qui

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng hi chnh qui

F(A,B,..., Z) = [A + F(1,B,...,Z)].[A + F(0,B,..., Z)]

F(A,B) = [A + F(1,B)][A + F(0,B)]

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng hi chnh qui

[A + B + F(0,1)][A + B + F(0, 0)]

2 bin Tch 4 s hng, 3 bin Tch 8 s hng

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Dng hi chnh qui

F = (A +B+ C)(A+B+ C)(A +B+ C)

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

1.2 Biu din cc hm lgic

Biu din di dng s

Biu din di dng s

Dng tuyn chnh qui

= Ax23 +B x22 + C x21 + D x20

Dng hi chnh qui

MSB (Most Significant Bit)

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Mc tiu: S s hng t nht v s bin t nht

Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:

C th ti thiu ho mt hm lgic bng cch

C th thm s hng c vo mt biu

ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =

ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC =

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Mt s quy tc ti thiu ha:

Phng php ba Cac-n

C th loi i s hng tha trong mt biu

Trong 2 dng chnh qui, nn chn cch biu

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

1.3 Ti thiu ha cc hm lgic

Qui tc 1:nhm cc sao cho s lng trong nhm l mt