Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)

Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson

Assignment
#5:
First
Order
Date: November 18, 2010

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

MATH 1180: Assignment #5: First Order Differential

Equations
Due on:

*THIS PAPER HAS 2 PAGES AND 6 QUESTIONS.

Tuesday, November 24, 2010.

1. SEPARATION OF VARIABLES:

dy
y 2x 2 y
dx

x
Ans: y Axe
dy y 2 1
2
dx
x 1.
(b) Find the general solution of:

(a) Solve:

Ans:

A x
1 Ax .

{Apply

tan(A+B) formula}
2
2
(c) Solve: 3 x( y 1)dx y ( x 2)dy 0 .

2
3
2
Ans: ( x 2) ( y 1) c

(d) Solve: 2 y cos x dx 3 sin x dy 0 ; given y 2 2 .

3
2
Ans: y sin x 8 .

dy x 2 1

dx
x 1.
(e) Solve:

Ans:

x2
x 2 ln( x 1) c
2
.

{Divide out the

quotient}

dy
y ( y 1) tan x
(f) Solve: dx
.

Ans:

A
A cos x .

{Apply partial

fractions for y-integral}

2. Standard INTEGRATING FACTOR Method: (linear First-Order D.E.s)

A linear First Order differential equation is one in the general form:

dy
Py Q
dx
, where both P and Q are functions of x. Its general solution takes

the form:

I y IQ dx

, where I e

P dx

By keeping, or putting the following differential equations in the standard

linear form, find the general solution (or particular solution, if required) of
each.
dy
tan x y sec x
(a) dx
.
2
dy
x 2y x4 ex
(b) dx
.

Ans: y sin x A cos x .

2
1 x
Ans: y x A 2 e

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.
Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
Date: November 18, 2010
x
dy

y A sec 2 x 12 tan x 13 cos x

1 2 tan x y sin x
2

(c) dx
.
Ans:

x 1 dy xy 2 xe x

A x e
2

dx
x 1
Ans:
1)e }
x 2 2x A
dy
x2 1
2 xy 2 x 2
y
dx
x2 1
(e)
.
Ans:
dy
y x ; given y 0 4
x
(f) dx
.
Ans: y x 1 5 e
dy
2 xy x 3
2
x2
1
y

A
e
dx
2
(g)
Ans:
{Note:
(d)

{Show that: I = (x

e x dx 12 x 2 e x .2 xdx
2

ue

1
2

du

dy
n
Any differential equation of the form dx
, where P and Q are
functions of x, and n is any real
number
is
called
Bernoullis equation. It is solved
1 n
t y , thereby converting the original nonby making
the
substitution:
dy
1
2
2
x

x
y
y

1following Bernoulli-type equations:

linear
a
linear
one.
Solve
the
dy D.E. into
2
y Ax x 2 x 1
(a) dydx y x y
.
Ans:
x y1 Ae 2cos x
dx sin x y . sin x y 2 Ans:
(b) dy
cos x
3
dx

y
tan
x

y
sec
x
(c) 1 / 2 dy
.
Ans: y 2 1 A e
3/ 2
A 3 2/ 2sin x
y 1
32 x
(d) ydx
Ans:
y

7
e
dx
(e)
; given y(0) = 4. Ans:

Py D.E.)
Qy
3. BERNOULLI EQUATION (non-linear First Order

4. EXACT EQUATIONS:
(a) Show that the following D.E.s are exact when kept, or put in the form

Mdx + Ndy = 0; hence solve.

(i )
(ii)

4 xy 3x dx 2 y 2 x dy 0
2 x 5 y dx 5 x 3 y dy 0
2

2
3
2
Ans: 2 x y x y A
2
3
Ans: x 5 xy y A

dy xy 2 1

dx
1 x 2 y ; given that y = 1 when x = 0. Ans: x 2 y 2 2 x 2 y 2
(iii)
dy x y cos x

2
2
dx
y sin x
(iv)
Ans: x y 2 y sin x A
x
x
x
2
(v) ye sin x dx e 2 y dy 0
Ans: ye y cos x A

(b) The following D.E.s are not exact, show that each can be made exact

with the multiplication of the given D.E. (in Mdx + Ndy = 0, form) by a
Pdx
Q dx
suitable Integrating Factor, I = e
or I = e
;
2

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)

Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
Date: November 18, 2010

Nx

M
y

f (x)

N
where: P =
given D. E.
2
(i ) ydx x y dy 0

and

dy
x y
(ii) dx

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.

DIFFERENTIAL

N
x

Q=

My
M

f ( y)

. Hence, solve the

2
Ans: x y Ay

x
Ans: y x 1 Ae
2
(iii) xdx x y 4 y dy 0 ; given y(4) = 0.

EQUATIONS

2
2
(iv) xy dx 2 x 3 y 20dy 0
x
(v) 3 y e dx xdy 0

2
y
Ans: x 4 e 20
2

2 4
6
4
Ans: x y y 10 y A
3
2 x
x
x
Ans: x y x e 2 xe 2e A

5. HOMOGENOUS First-Order D.E.s:

dyy)dx
P ( x+
, y )N(x, y)dy = 0 is homogenous if each of
An equation of the form M(x,

the terms in both M(x, y) and

N(x,
y) have the same [net] degree. If the
equation is put in the form dx Q( x, y ) , then all Pdyand Q terms must have the

f xy
same degree, and the substitution y = vx leaves the R.H.S.
as a function of v
dx
only. The first-order D.E. is also homogenous if
, and we substitute
v= y/x. Solve the following:
2
y/x
2
2
2
(a) x y dx x xy dy 0
Ans: xe A x y

2
2
Ans: x y Ay

dy
y x2 y2
dx
dv sinh

1 v 2

(e)

x 4 y dx 3x 2 y dy 0

(c)

dy
2 xy
2
dx x y 2

(b)

(d)

5
2
Ans: x y A x 2 y

2
2
Ans: y x y A

*NOTE:

v ln v 1 v 2

y 3 dx xy 2 dy 0 ; given y(1) = 0.

dy
y x y

(f) dx x 2 x 3 y

3
3
Ans: y 3 x ln x

3
8
Ans: y Ax x 4 y

6. GENERAL SUBSTITUTION:

Solve the given differential equations using an appropriate substitution.

dy
1

(a) dx x y
dy
x y
(b) dx

Ans: y ln x y 1 A

{ let: v = x + y }

Ans: 2 x y 2 ln x y 1 x A

{ let: v2 = x + y }

dy
2x y 2 7
dx
(c)
}

Ans:

y 2x

3 1 Ae 6 x
1 Ae 6 x

{ let: v = 2x + y
3

Course: Engineering Mathematics I (MATH 1180)

Group I: CIV, ELEC, SURV.
Lecturer: Mr. Oral Robertson
Assignment
#5:
First
Order
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
Date: November 18, 2010
dy x 3 y 7

2
2
dx
3x 2 y 1
(d)
Ans: 2 y 2 y 6 xy 14 x x A
{ let: x = X + h, y =

Y+k}

dy
2 x y x y 2
(e) dx{ let: v = x + y } ; given y(0) = 0.
dy 2 x 3 y 4

dx
4x 6 y 1
(f)

{ let: v = 2x + 3y }

Ans:

y x 1

1
1 x

Ans: ln 2 x 3 y 2 2 y x A