Thirukural - Literature To The World People - Non Religious - Thirukural Tamil - Arabic-English

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Thirukkural

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International Institute of Tamil Studies
Government of Tamil Nadu, India
5IJSVLLVSBM"SBCJD5SBOTMBUJPO
Chief Translator
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Translators
T. Ansaruddin
A. Abdul Hai
First Edition
Pages
Size
Paper
Binding
Copies
Printing
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
September 2013
280
1/4 Crown
Publisher &
Copy right
International Institute of Tamil Studies,

Govt. of Tamil Nadu
1500
Sri Saravana Printers, Chennai
Published with Financial Assistance from the Tamil Development, Govt. of Tamilnadu vide
sanction letter dated
:
:
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:
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Ui RrS RXUfNo
PdPo _ _VX-R

Honble Chief Minister of Tamilnadu
Dr J Jayalalithaa

MESSAGE
Honble Chief Minister of Tamilnadu

Thirukkural

Part I

VIRTUE

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1. - - Glory of God

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'A' is the first of all letters. Likewise, God is the beginning of all the worlds.

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Learning is of no use if the learner does not submit himself to God.
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Those who submit themselves to the sacred feet of God live long in this world.
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No sufferings come to those who hold the feet of God, who is above likes and dislikes.
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Those who praise the glory of God have no confusion about right and wrong deeds.

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They who follow the virtuous ways of God, who has curbed the five senses, live long
in happiness.
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Only those who reach the feet of God, who has no equal, can be free from sorrows.
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Those who do not seek the feet of God cannot overcome the evils and sufferings of
life.
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The head that does not worship the feet of God, who has eight virtues, is useless.
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Only those who surrender to the feet of God can overcome the sufferings of births.

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2.
- - Excellence of Rain
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As the unfailing rain supports the world, it is considered a heavenly food.
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Rain produces food for all living beings and the rain itself forms part of their food.
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If
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vast
oceans
will
be
in
hunger
and
distress.
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If there is no sufficient rain, the farmers will not plough the land.
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It is the rain that ruins people. It is also the rain that lifts the ruined people.
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There will not be any vegetation on this earth if there is no rain.
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Even the vast ocean on this earth will shrink in its nature if there is no rain.
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When it fails to rain, there will be no festivals and rituals even to gods.

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There will be neither generosity nor penance in the world, if it fails to rain.
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Life cannot exist without water in this world. Similarly, virtue cannot exist without rain.

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3. - - Greatness of Ascetics
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Greatness of virtuous men who have renounced the world is held in high esteem in
moral books.
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Greatness of ascetics is immeasurable. Measuring it is as impossible as counting the
dead.
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Those who analyse both good and bad and give up worldly life alone are great.
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He who controls all his five senses by wisdom is a seed of heavenly bliss.
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Indra, the celestial king, is a witness to the might of a man who has conquered his
five senses.
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The great do extraordinary things but the petty-minded can never do such things.
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Those who have complete control over their five senses gain the whole world.
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Greatness of the learned men is shown in the scriptures of the world.
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One cannot endure the anger of good men though it is momentary.
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The holy people are the virtuous who show compassion to one and all.

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4.
- ! " - Insistence on Virtue
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Virtue gives fame and prosperity. There is no greater gain than this.
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There is no greater gain than virtue. Forgetting the same brings ruin.
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One should always perform righteous deeds in all possible ways and at all possible
places.
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Virtue is found only in the spotless mind but not in pomp and show.
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Avoiding the four evils such as envy, greed, anger and harsh words is a great virtue.
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One should not postpone doing good which is an indestructible support at the hour of
death.
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The men bearing the palanquin and the men in it are reaping rewards of their past
deeds.
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One's continuous good deeds serve as a stone blocking the chain of rebirths.
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Virtue alone gives real pleasure. Other pleasures are without fame.
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One must do only acts of virtue and always avoid doing evil deeds.
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5. - !#$ % - Domestic Life
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A good family man is one who supports his parents, wife and children.
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The family man is a support to the ascetics, the needy and the deserted.
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Forefathers, god, himself, relatives and guests are the prime concerns of a family man.
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If the family men avoid evils and share food with others, their descendants will ever
prosper.
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There will be grace and gift if family life is rooted in love and virtue.
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When a person leads a virtuous domestic life, he need not aspire for ascetic life.
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One who leads a virtuous domestic life is the greatest among all trying for a superior
state.
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Leading a virtuous family life and guiding others is greater than the life of penance.
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Domestic life itself is a great virtue if it is really without any blame.
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One who leads an ideal domestic life is considered one among the gods in heaven.
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6. - & - Goodness of a Wife
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A good wife maintains the dignity of the family and lives within the means of her
husband.
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Domestic life, however dignified, will come to nothing if wife is not good.
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A man lacks nothing if his wife is good. He has nothing if she is not good.
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There is nothing of greater value to a man than a woman of purity.
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Even if a wife does not worship god, but worships her husband, it will rain at her
command.
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One who guards chastity, nurses her husband, preserves fame and remains tireless
is an ideal wife.
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Nothing else can guard women's purity except their own will.
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A woman who is devoted to her husband can gain honour in the world of gods.
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A man without a good wife cannot walk majestically like a lion before his slanderer.
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A good wife is a blessing to the family and good children are precious jewels.
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7. - ' $ - Worthy Children
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There can be no better wealth than having good and intelligent children.
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In all the seven births, no evil will affect a person who has virtuous children.
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Children are parents' real wealth. The worth of good children is the result of parents'
own deeds.
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Food messed up by the little hands of one's children is sweeter than the divine
nectar.
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The touch of one's children and their sweet words delight their parents.

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Only those who have not heard the lisping of their children say that flute and lute are
enchanting.
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The duty of a father to his son is to make him gain the foremost place among the
wise.

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Children wiser than their parents give delight to all beings in the world.
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Mother rejoices at the birth of her son; but even more so when he is praised as a
noble man.
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The duty of a son is to conduct himself so well as to bring honour to his father.
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8.
- - Possession of Love

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True love can never be hidden. It is revealed through the tears of the loved ones.
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The loveless are selfish but the loving render their service even risking their life.
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The relationship between the body and the soul is the result of benevolent life.
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From love always springs affection and that gives excellent friendship.
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Joy on earth and bliss in heaven are certainly the fruits of life of love.

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The ignorant say that love helps virtue alone but it also guards us against all evils.
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As the sun burns the boneless worms, virtue tortures the loveless.
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To prosper in life without love is as impossible as a dead tree sprouting in a barren
desert.
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The external organs of one's body are of no use if one's heart is devoid of love.
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Love is the substance and soul of life. Without if, a man is a mere frame of bones
covered with skin.

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9. ! - ()
* - Hospitality
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The purpose of leading a domestic life and protecting wealth is to serve guests.
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It is undesirable to eat even divine nectar without sharing it with the guests.
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The life of one who entertains guests every day will never suffer from poverty.
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Fortune smiles on the house of one who entertains worthy guests with cheerful face.
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He who eats after entertaining guests will reap a harvest even without sowing the
fields.
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He who receives guests one after another will be an honoured guest in heaven.
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The value of hospitality depends entirely on the value of deserving guests.
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Who never entertain guests are those who hoarded hard-earned wealth and lost it
with none to support.
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Lack of hospitality is poverty in prosperity. Such type of foolishness is found only
among fools.
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On seeing the cold look of the host, the face of the guest withers like the anicham
that withers when smelt.
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10. " - + ,! - Speaking Sweetly

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The virtuous speak only sweet and tender words devoid of deceit.
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It is better to speak nice words with a sweet smiling face than giving gracious gifts.
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Smiling face, loving eyes and sweet words are the signs of virtue.
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Those who speak sweet words and delight everyone will never suffer the agony of
poverty.
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Humility and sweet words alone are real jewels. All others are not jewels.

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Useful words uttered with kindness reduce all evils and increase virtue.
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Useful, courteous and pleasant words bring happiness and prosperity.
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Sweet words without meanness delight this life and the life in the other world.
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A man should not use harsh words knowing well that sweet words give happiness.
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Using bitter words in place of sweet ones is like choosing unripe fruits instead of ripe
ones.

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11. #
- - - Gratitude
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Heaven and earth are not adequate for the help received from one who has never
been helped.
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A timely help, however small, is greater in worth than the world.
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Help rendered without any expectation is greater than the sea in its goodness.
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Help received, though very small, is considered great by the worthy.
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The value of help depends not on the amount but on the worth of the receiver.
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People should neither forget the friendship of the blameless nor desert those who
helped them in distress.
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The great will remember in all seven births the friendship of those who helped them
in their distress.
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It is improper to forget the good deeds done to us. But it is good to forget the wrong
deeds at once.
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By remembering one help rendered, even a dreadful harm is forgotten.
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There is scope even for those who have killed every virtue but not for those who
have killed gratitude.

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12. $ - $ - Impartiality
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Justice is a great virtue that gives impartial treatment to everyone.
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An impartial man's wealth is an imperishable security to his future generations.
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One should shun the wealth that comes through unjust means whatever good it may
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Whether people are just or unjust is always known by their deeds.
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Loss and gain are quite natural in life. But a balanced mind is the ornament of the
great.

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One who deviates from the path of justice and does evil will certainly be ruined.
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The world will not consider the poverty of an impartial and virtuous man as an evil.
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Being unbiased like an even balance is a jewel to great men.
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Equity means words without bias that come from a firm and unbiased mind.
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Treating the goods of others as his own is a mark of good trade.

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13. % - /0 .+ - Self-Control
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Self-control places one among gods. Lack of it throws one into a life of miseries.
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One must cherish self-control as a great treasure, for there is no greater wealth to
man than that.
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Self-controlled life guided by wisdom brings fame that lasts forever.
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A man who practises self-control is greater than the greatness and firmness of a
mountain.
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Humility is certainly good for all. It is an added grace to the wealthy.
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Those who control their five senses like a tortoise in one birth are guarded in all
seven births.
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Holding one's tongue is very important because a slip of the tongue will bring
sufferings.
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Uttering even a single harmful word will surely spoil all the goodness.
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The wounds caused by fire will heal. But scars caused by stinging words will never
leave.
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A man of learning and self-control who is free from anger will be blessed by the god
of virtue.

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14. '% - 1! 2 - Discipline
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Discipline brings honour. So, it should be cherished more precious than life.
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One should excel in good conduct and take pains to cultivate and guard it.
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Discipline is a sign of noble birth. Indiscipline indicates mean birth.
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If the wise forget the past learning, they can learn it again. But loss of discipline leads
to ruin.
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Good Conduct brings greatness and bad conduct brings utter disgrace.
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A person who values virtue and wealth will not covet another's wife.
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Among those who deviate from virtue, none is so foolish as the one who longs for
another's wife.
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He who covets and does evil to the wife of a friend who trusts him is not different
from the dead.
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One may consider coveting another's wife lightly. But the disgrace will stay forever.

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He who covets another's wife will always sink in enmity, sin, fear and disgrace.
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Noble manliness of not eyeing another's wife is a virtue and also a discipline of the
great.
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Those who covet not another's wife get all blessings in this sea-locked earth.
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Whatever sin one may commit, one should not desire for another man's wife.
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16. ( - - Tolerance
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Chief of all virtues is to tolerate the insults of others just as the earth tolerates the
diggers.
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Tolerance of intolerable wrongs is good. Forgetting such deeds is definitely better.
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Lack of hospitality is the worst form of poverty. To bear with fools is the greatest
strength.
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With tolerance one should conquer those who do harm due to their haughtiness.
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Those who tolerate the rude remarks of the unjust are purer than the ascetics.
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Those who endure insults are better than those who do penance by fasting.
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17. ' - 2 !5 - Not Envying
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One should value the unenvying nature of the heart as the disciplined way of life.
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Among all precious possessions nothing is equal to the state of being free from envy.
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One who does not desire virtue and wealth alone will envy other's wealth.
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Those who know that envy causes sufferings will never do evil out of envy.
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The envious need no other enemy. Even if their enemies fail, their envy is enough to
ruin them.
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The relatives of those who envy the act of charity will perish without food and clothes.
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misfortune to the jealous.
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Envy is a great sinner that destroys a person's wealth and leads him to the evil path.
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It is worth pondering why good men suffer in poverty while the envious prosper.
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become poor.
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18. - 3 4

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Unjust coveting of the honest wealth of others results in the ruin of one's own family
and leads to crimes.
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Those who shun injustice will never commit any sin out of greed.

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People who seek eternal happiness will never stoop to any sinful deeds for petty joys.
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wealth.
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One who seeks the path of grace and virtue comes to ruin, if one plots evil deeds of
coveting others' wealth.
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Knowing their worth, the goddess of wealth stays with the wise who value virtue and
do not covet riches.
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Thoughtless coveting leads to ruin and greedless pride leads to victory.

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- Not backbiting
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Even if one is not virtuous and does evils, it is good not to backbite.
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Praising somebody in their presence and then backbiting are worse than decrying
virtue and doing evils.
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It is better to die than to live by backbiting, as death brings fruits of virtue.
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One may use harsh words in one's presence but should not backbite disregarding
after-effects.
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Backbiters can never gain new friends but only lose their friends.
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Those who backbite even dear friends will undoubtedly do worse to strangers.
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The earth endures the burden of backbiters only with a sense of virtue.

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No evil will fall on living beings if everyone sees his faults as he sees others' faults.

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Men of wisdom and reason will never utter useless words.
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Men of wisdom and vision will never utter silly words even forgetfully.
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21. ,! - 4$ 2 (5 - Fear of Doing Evil
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The wicked never fear evil but the good always fear the arrogance of sinful deeds.

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One must fear evil more than fire as one evil leads to another evil.
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plots others' ruin.
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One should not do sinful deeds pleading poverty as it will make one poorer.
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Those who want to avoid evil for themselves must avoid doing evil to others.
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One may escape from the ill effects of enmity but the enmity of one's own sinful
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Ruin follows evil-doers like a man's shadow that follows his footsteps.
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One who loves oneself should refrain from doing even the smallest evil to others.
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A person who stays away from doing evils will be free from all evils.
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22. - &' ,+& - Duty to Society
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Rain does not expect anything in return from the world. Similarly, duty to society
demands no return.
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All the wealth earned by the benevolent by tireless efforts is meant to serve the
worthy men.
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There is no better deed in heaven and earth than serving the society.
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He who is in harmony with others alone lives while the rest are considered dead.
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The wealth of the wise who love humanity is beneficial to all like the village tank full
of water.

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The wealth of a generous person serves like a fruit-bearing tree in the middle of a
town benefitting all.
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The wealth of a generous man is like an herbal tree which serves as medicine that
cures without fail.
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Even in utter poverty the dutiful will never give up their generosity.
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A generous person considers himself poor when he is unable to help others.
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Even ruin is worth buying by selling oneself if it comes of doing charity.

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23. - - Charity
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Helping the poor alone is called charity. All other gifts seek only repayment.
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Receiving even for a good cause is evil. Giving is good even if heaven is denied.
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Giving even before one expresses one's poverty is the quality found in a noble man.
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It is a most painful sight to see begging till the beggar's face becomes bright on
receiving.
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The ability of a person to relieve others of hunger is rated higher than the ability to
endure hunger.

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By relieving the hunger of the poor, the rich find a good place to store their wealth.
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The fiery hunger will never touch those who share their food with others.
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Those who hoard and lose wealth do not know the joy of gladdening the poor with
charity.
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Eating alone for merely saving one's wealth is even more painful than begging.
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Nothing else is as painful as death. But death is pleasant when one is unable to give
alms to the poor.

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24. - . - Fame
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The only asset in life is fame which comes through acts of charity.
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All the glory in the world is the glory of those who give alms to the poor.
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Nothing remains everlasting in this world except renowned fame.
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Heaven will not praise the gods but men on earth with everlasting fame.

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Only the wise can convert loss into gain and death into life of glory.
49

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One must enter the chosen field and earn fame, or else one should not enter.
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It is useless for the fameless to blame their despisers instead of blaming themselves.
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It is a disgrace for all those on earth if they fail to leave behind fame.
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The earth bearing the burden of men without fame loses its fertility and yields less.
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Life without blame alone is life and life without fame is mere survival.
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25. - - - Compassion
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Compassion is the greatest wealth. Even the worst of men possess worldly wealth.
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One should pursue the path of compassion. All faiths prescribe it as a support for life.
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The darkness and distress of hell are not for men for kindness.
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Men of compassion protecting all beings on earth are free from fear of evils.
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Men of graceful compassion suffer no pain. This world bears witness to it.
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Those who are not compassionate and do sinful deeds lack virtue and purpose of
life.
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This world is not for the poor and the heavenly world is not for the unkind.
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Men without money may prosper some day but those without mercy will never
flourish.
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One who does charity without mercy is like an insensible man seeking the profound
truth.
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While oppressing weaker persons a man should imagine himself against the mightier
ones.
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52
26. -
! 1 - Avoiding Meat
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One who fattens himself feeding on the animal flesh can never be kind to others.
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The thriftless cannot have wealth and meat-eaters cannot have kindness.
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The meat-eaters do not find joy in grace like those who carry murderous weapons.
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Not killing a creature is an act of kindness. Killing and eating its meat is unkindness.
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By giving up meat-eating, lives are saved. Meat-eaters cannot escape from going to
hell.
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If men do not kill animals for eating, there will be no one to sell meat.
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If one knows that meat is only a sore of an animal, one will refrain from eating it.
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Wise men who have clear mind will refrain from eating the flesh of a lifeless animal.
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It is better to refrain from killing and eating meat than numerous offerings of ghee on
fire.
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He who gives up killing and eating meat will be adored by one and all.
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54
27. ! - 98 - Penance
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Real penance lies in enduring sufferings and not causing sufferings to others.

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Penance befits only those who do penance and it is a useless effort for others.
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Family men refrain from penance in order to help those who have renounced life.
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Penance has the power to destroy the enemies and elevate the friends.
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People should try to do hard penance to achieve what their hearts desire.

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Penance-doers achieve their noble ideals while the greedy do only harmful deeds.
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As fire refines gold and makes it brighter, sufferings of penance make the ascetics
purer.
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Those who renounce ego and control the mind through penance are worshipped by
all living beings.
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Whoever is strengthened with the power of penance can conquer even the god of
death.

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A few are rich and many are poor, for only a few do penance while many do not.
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56
28. " '! - :!5 ; - Improper Conduct
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The five elements in the body will laugh at the pretensions of a man of improper
conduct.
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A man's saintly postures are of no use if his mind is knowingly bent on evil thoughts.
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The saintly appearance of a man without inner strength is like a grazing cow clothed
in a tiger's skin.
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A sinning man disguised in saintly dress is like a bird-hunter hiding behind a bush.

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Men who claim sainthood but practise evil bring only eternal misery upon
themselves.

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None is so cruel as the one who pretends to be an ascetic and deceives the world.
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There are people who appear shinning outwardly like the kunri berry but black
inwardly like its nose.
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There are many people who like ascetics clean their body in holy water but hide their
evil mind.
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A straight arrow kills but a bent lute charms. Likewise, men must be judged only by
their deeds.
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There is no need to tonsure or grow long hair if one shuns evil deeds.

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29. - <3
- Not Stealing
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He who wants to avoid contempt should guard against the very thought of stealing.
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Even the thought of robbing others' wealth is a sin and so it must be eschewed.
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Stolen wealth seems to grow but actually it will result in limitless ruin.
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Limitless desire to steal others' wealth will bring in endless suffering.
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Those who covet the unguarded wealth of others have no grace and love.
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Those who love stolen wealth will not stick to the righteous path.
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The basest deed of stealing is not found in men of profound righteousness.
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Those who know nothing but stealing will perish by their own wicked deeds.
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Those who refrain from stealing gain heaven, whereas thieves lose their life.
d\s

60
30. # - : - Truthfulness
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Truth is nothing but speaking without the least degree of evil to others.
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Even a harmless lie can be considered as truth when it brings benevolent results.
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A man shall not utter falsehood deliberately as his conscience will torment him
afterwards.
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He who is free from falsehood dwells in the hearts of all good people.
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He who speaks the truth is superior to those doing penance and charity.
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Nothing can match truthfulness which brings in without effort every virtue along with
fame.
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He who speaks the truth and nothing but the truth need not practise any other
virtues.
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Water cleans the body. Likewise, truth enlightens the soul.
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All lamps are not real lamps. To the great, the lamp of truth alone is the lamp.
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Of all the good things in the world there is no virtue greater than truth.

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- Restraining Anger
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A person must avoid anger towards all, for it brings him all evils.
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There is no greater enemy than anger which kills one's happiness and laughter.
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A person must guard himself against anger or else it will lead him to self-destruction.
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Anger destroys not only one who gets angry but also one's relations who help them
in times of danger.
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An angry man's ruin is as sure as the hand that strikes the ground getting injured.
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Though tortured like scorching fire, it is better to control one's anger.

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A man will attain everything he wants if his mind is free from the thoughts of anger.
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Those who lose temper are like the dead and those who renounce anger are like
ascetics.
d\s

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32.
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- Not Doing Harm
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The law of the pure is never to hurt others even if it brings wealth that achieves fame.
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It is the code of the pure-hearted never to hurt others even when they do them harm
in anger.
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Even vengeance against planned evil-doers brings endless miseries inevitably.
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The best way of punishing the evil-doers is to forget their harmful deeds and do good
to them.
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A man's knowledge is of no use if he does not regard the sufferings of others as his
own.
d\s

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What is considered by one as harmful should not be done to others.
317
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To refrain from hurting anyone wilfully in any manner at any time even in thought is
the chief virtue.
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A man should never harm others when he himself knows the sufferings of evils.
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If a man inflicts pain upon others, sorrows will afflict him quickly.

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Those who want to be free from sufferings will not do wrong since all wrongs recoil
on wrong-doers.

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- Non-Killing

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Non-killing of creatures is a virtuous act. All sinful deeds arise out of killing.
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Sharing one's food with others for protecting all lives is the chief virtue, according to
scholars.
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Non-killing is the supreme of all the virtues and nonlying is next to it.
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Non-killing of any creature is considered to be the virtuous way of life.
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One who refrains from killing is greater than those who have renounced the world
fearing life.
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Even the god of death won't take away the life of one who refrains from killing other
beings.
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One must certainly refrain from killing even if one's dear life is in peril.
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The wise despise the disgraceful act of killing, however great its gains may be.
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Those who live by killing are considered by the wise as men of mean deeds.

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Those who once led their life by killing will live in poverty with dreadful diseases.
d\s

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34. -

- Impermanence
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It is utterly foolish and deplorable to mistake impermanence for permanence.
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The rise and fall of fortune is like the gathering and dispersing of the crowd in a
theatre.
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Wealth is impermanent. So one has to use it at once on charitable deeds of lasting
value.
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The wise consider a day as a sword that cuts down the life of a man.
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One must do noble deeds without delay, for death may come anytime.
d\s

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Yesterday he was alive but today he is no more. This impermanence is the strange
way of the world.
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Men are not sure of the next moment in their life. Yet they think of millions of future
plans.

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The soul quits the body any day like a bird coming out of the egg-shell.
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Death is like falling asleep. But birth is like waking up from sleep.
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The soul has no permanent home of its own. It has taken only a temporary shelter in
the body.

70
d\s
35. - - Renunciation
341
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A man is free from all sufferings when he abstains from all desires.
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If you want real happiness, renounce all your possessions. Then you will gain great
happiness.
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We must give up totally all our desires to control our five senses.

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Renouncing everything is true penance. Possession of anything leads to delusion.
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Even the body is a burden to those seeking no rebirths, so there should not be any
worldly bonds.

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Those who curb the pride of 'I' and 'mine' enter the heavenly world inaccessible even
to gods.
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Sorrows and sufferings will grip those who hold on to the worldly attachments.
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Only those who renounce everything attain bliss; others are caught in the net of
desires.
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Renunication stops rebirth. Attachment brings death and birth again and again.
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Those attached to God, who is free from all ties, will be free from all earthly
attachments.
d\s

72
36. #( - 1 * - Realizing the Truth
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Ignorance which takes unreality for reality results in worthless birth and sufferings.
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Darkness of grief departs and bliss comes to those with pure vision and clear mind.
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Heaven is nearer than the earth to those who are free from doubts and have a clear
vision.
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Controlling five senses is useless if we do not realize the profound inner truth.
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True mark of wisdom is to find the profound truth of varied things.

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If one understands the truth here on the earth, one will find no rebirth.
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There is no fear of rebirth if a person has analysed and found out the truth firmly.
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Wisdom is realization of the truth which removes the folly of rebirth.
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Those who seek the truth by severing attachments will be free from woes.
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All pains and sorrows will disappear if lust, anger and confusion are given up.
d\s

74
37. - , >- 1 - Curbing Desires
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Craving is the cause of endless births to all living beings at all times.
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If one has any desire, it should be only for freedom from births. It is achieved by
renouncing desires.
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There is no greater wealth either in this world or in heaven than the wealth of
desirelessness.
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Purity of mind is freedom from yearning and it comes while seeking the truth.

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Only those who totally give up desires enjoy freedom from all desires.
d\s

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Fearing the bond of desires is a great virtue as desires have the power to deceive.
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If a man destroys all his desires completely, he will easily achieve noble deeds.
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There are no sufferings for those without desires. There is endless grief for those
having desires.

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There is an eternal flow of happiness when desire, the evil of evils, leaves.
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If a person leaves out desires that can never be fulfilled, he will gain eternal joys.

76
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38. - = - Fate
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Fate of wealth brings tireless efforts and fate of loss brings laziness.
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Evil fate makes us fools and benevolent fate makes us all wise.
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However deep a person's learning be, only his native wisdom will prevail.
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Wealth and wisdom mark the two different natures of worldly life due to fate.
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In making wealth, it is possible that fate turns all good things into evil and all
evilthings into good.

77
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Things not ordained to a man are not his. Things ordained to him, even when
drained, are not lost.
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Though men amass wealth, they can enjoy it only as destined by fate.
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The poor will renounce all desires if fate does not trouble them.
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When men consider good fortune as gain, they should not feel disturbed when they
are troubled.
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Destiny is the greatest power which will overcome all human efforts.

Thirukkural

Part II

WEALTH

80
d\s
39. -
- Regal Dignity

.
381

.

An ideal king shall possess army, people, wealth, council of ministers, friends and
forts.
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Courage, charity, wisdom and zeal are the four good qualities of a king.
*+ ( ,. /
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A king should always have the three virtues, namely, vigilance, learnign and bravery.
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A noble king avoids vices; he is a man of virtue, boldness and dignity.
56 6+ 86 8
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Acquiring, storing, protecting and distributing wealth are the duties of an able king.
d\s

81
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.
386

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The world praises a king who is accessible to his subjects and free from harsh words.
( 8 ('8 (
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The world praises and obeys the king who is soft-spoken and generous in giving.
=>, ?5 ()

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388
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If a king administers justice and protects his subjects, he will be regarded as god.
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If a king bears with bitter criticisms, the world will prosper under his reign.
+( (
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A king is regarded as a light to other kings, when he is benevolent, gracious, just and
caring.

82
d\s
40.
- - Learning
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One should learn thoroughly what is worth learning and then act in accordance with it.
38 <;
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Science and arts are considered to be the two eyes of human beings.
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The educated are considered to have real eyes but the illiterates have only two sores
on their faces.
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It is very common for the learned people to meet with joy and part with the fond hope
of meeting again.
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Those who learn by humbling themselves like the poor before the rich are great.
Others are very low.
d\s

83
8 * 5 "'
58 * ..
396
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The deeper we dig the well, the more water we get. The more we learn, the more
wisdom we acquire.
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The learned man makes all lands and towns his own. So, one should learn well till
one's death.
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The learning acquired in one birth helps a man in all his seven births.
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Learned men want to learn more, when they find deeper learning delights others.
( 3
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Learning is supreme and everlasting wealth. No other wealth is real wealth.

84
d\s
41.
- - Illiteracy
+ 5
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401
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Addressing the learned without extensive study is like playing dice without a board.
( 5 =( =;
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The unlearned man's desire for public speaking is like a breast less woman's longing
for sex.
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Even the unlearned are deemed wise if they keep quiet before the learned.
( B
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The wise will not accept even the occasional flash of intelligence of an illiterate.
( ?>,
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The pride of an illiterate gets exposed when he interacts with the learned.
d\s

85
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406
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The unlettered are as useless as the wasteland and they simply exist.
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The beauty of an illiterate without a keen mind is like the beauty of a doll made of clay.
('
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The wealth of the unlearned is more harmful than the poverty of the learned.
5" B (' ?",

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Though the unlearned are high-born, they are not so great as the learned who are
low-born.
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There is much difference between the learned and the ignorant as between mankind
and animals.

86
d\s
42. -
- Listening
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Wealth acquired by listening is the wealth of wealth and it is the greatest of all wealth.
( , ,
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When there is no food for the ear, some food will be given to the stomach.
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Men who find listening as food for their ears are like gods served with sacred
offering.
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Even the unlearned man should listen to the learned. It will serve as a support in
times of need.
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The advice of the righteous is like a stick that helps one on a marshy ground.
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One should listen to good words, however brief. Even those few words will bring
greater dignity.
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Even if scholars do not grasp correctly, they will not speak foolishly.
B+ 8 (
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The ears, not in the habit of listening to good things, are considered deaf, though
they can hear sounds.
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Humility in speech cannot be attained by men who never listen to the discourse of
the wise.
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It does not matter if the men whose taste is in their tongues and not ears, live or die.

88
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43. - - Wisdom
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Wisdom is a weapon to guard against destruction; it is a fort which no enemy can
destroy.
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Wisdom curbs the wandering mind and directs it from evil to good.
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To perceive the truth is wisdom, whatever be the matter and whosoever utters it.

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To speak clearly to impress all and draw subtle truths from others' utterances is wisdom.
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Befriending the great and keeping their friendship stable and steady is worldly wisdom.
d\s

89
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To live in harmony with the fast changing world is true wisdom.
.' ' '

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The wise foresee what is going to happen but the unwise lack knowledge to predict
this.
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It is foolish not to fear what is to be feared; it is wise to fear what is to be feared.
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There is no terrifying shock to the wise who have the foresight to guard themselves
against the coming evil.
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The wise possess everything but the unwise possess nothing even if they have
everything.
d\s

90
44.
- - Avoiding Faults
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The wealth of those who are free from arrogance, anger and petty-mindedness is
really great.
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Stinginess, low pride and excessive pleasures are the pitfalls of rulers.
8,+ 5 B 8,

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Men who fear blame will consider even their small fault as a great blunder.
5 5
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As a precaution, one should be free from any grave fault which is the enemy leading
to ruin.
=' ='
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A life that is not guarded against future faults is like a heap of straw before fire.
d\s
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No fault will remain with the king who first corrects his own faults and then sees
other's faults.
5 > (
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437
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The wealth of the miser who leaves unfinished what is to be finished, will come to
destruction.
5 B 5J

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The gripping greed of a miser is a unique flaw; it is worse than all other offences.
5 5
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One should neither revel in self-boasting nor desire for empty deeds.
( >5
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If a person plans and acts on his desires secretly, the evil designs of his enemies will fail.
92
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! !" - Seeking The Help of the Great
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One should analyze the value of men of virtue and wisdom, and gain their friendship.
5> =5
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One should seek the friendship of those who will remove present ills and protect from
future evils.
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To have great men as our relatives is the rarest of all rare blessings in the world.
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Cultivating intimate relationship with the worthy and following their noble ideals is the
greatest strength.
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As ministers are a king's eyes, they should be selected with great care and wisdom.
d\s
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One who has worthy men as guides and does right deeds need not fear the enemies.
" ,
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No enemy can destroy a man who has friends to censure him when he errs.
? (
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The king without men to rebuke and guard him will perish even without enemies to
destroy him.
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There is no gain without capital in a trade and there is no stability without proper
support.
(' G5 8;8 8
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,! , ITo abandon good friends is far worse than facing a great number of enemies.
d\s
94

46. - #
$ % & - Avoiding Mean Company
5
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The noble fear the friendship of the ignoble; only mean men regard the ignoble as
relatives.
8(( '" 5 "'()

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Water changes according to the soil; similarly men's nature changes according to
their friendship.
8 "' '
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Man's wisdom depends upon the mind and his character depends upon his company.
8, , 5
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Man's wisdom appears to reside in his mind; but it really emerges from the company
of his friends.
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Purity of thought and deed develops according to the pure conduct of one's friends.
d\s

95
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The pure-minded bring forth good progeny as pure friendship brings forth good
deeds.
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Purity of mind brings wealth to souls; the company of good friends brings them glory.
B '()
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Though good in mind, the wise find a tower of strength in good company.
8 5 ,
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A mind without a blemish leads to heavenly bliss; pure friendship adds strength to it.
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There is no better help than good friendship and no greater misery than bad
friendship.

96
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- Action with deliberation
* *
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.+7 One should first weigh the investment, expenditure and income, and then proceed.
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One should consult chosen friends, deliberate with the wise and act; then nothing
becomes difficult.
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Wise men in quest of gain will not do anything that would ruin the capital itself.
8 +' B
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Those who fear committing shameful errors will not begin any work not clear to them.
L 3( ?
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Fighting against enemies without proper planning will only strengthen the enemy.
d\s

97
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Doing unfit things leads to ruin. Not doing fit things also results in ruin.
8 , ,"
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It is good to think first and then act; it is wrong to act first and then think.
5 " 8 '

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Any work without proper efforts and methods will fail despite the support of many.
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Even a good deed may go wrong when it is not done befitting the nature and
disposition of men.

(; ;
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As the world approves only what is acceptable, one should do deeds without
incurring ridicule.

98
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48.
-
! - Assessing the Strength
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A person should weigh the act, his strength and that of his foes and friends before
venturing.
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Nothing is impossible to those who know the ways and means of the task.
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Many who do not know their strength, enthusiastically begin an act but fail in the middle.
"+ 3
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He who does not adapt but praises himself without knowing his limitation will quickly
perish.
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The axle of a cart breaks if the cart is overloaded even with light peacock feathers.
d\s

99
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One who attempts to climb the tree beyond the tip of the branch will lose one's life.
5 ", ,
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A person should know his limit and give within his means. That is the only way to
save his wealth.
) B+ (
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It is no harm even if the income is small as long as the expenditure is within means.
",
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A man's life seems to be wealthy but it perishes if he does not live within the bounds.
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One's wealth will quickly vanish if one's generosity exceeds the limits.
d\s

100
49.
- *+ ( - Choosing Proper Time
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A crow can defeat an owl in daytime; likewise, a king needs suitable time to conquer
his enemies.
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A timely action is a cord that holds unstable wealth together forever.

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Nothing is impossible for those who act with the right means at the right time.
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Even the world can be conquered, if one acts at the right time and right place.
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Those who want to conquer the world should wait patiently for the appropriate time.
d\s
101
= ; '
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486
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A ram retreats only to fight fiercely. Likewise, the man with enthusiasm keeps himself
restrained.
+ )' '8(,)
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The wise do not burn with anger. They restrain and wait for the right time to act.

.
488
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A person should bear with his enemies till the time is appropriate to destroy them.
>5 (,) "( "

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When the rare chance arrives, one should do rare deeds immediately.
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One should wait like a stork for the right moment. When the time is ripe, one should
act firmly.
d\s

102
50.
- %
( - Assessing the Place
+5 <D 5 =5
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One should neither start any task nor scorn the foes, till one finds the right place for
action.
='" > ' '"

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It is a great advantage even to the men of mighty power to have strong fort.
5 5 ; ",
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Even the less powerful can conquer their foes if they choose the proper place for
defense and offence.
' ?' ",

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494
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A careful approach by the brave from the right place will outwit the enemy.
;)6 (6 = ;)G

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The crocodile is all-powerful in deep water. But on land other animals defeat it.

103
d\s
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496
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As ships cannot sail on land, the wheeled chariots cannot run on the seas.
(( ,
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If a right place is selected for the fight, no other help is needed except his own
fearless courage.
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A small army in a safer place can defeat even a big courageous army.
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It is difficult to manage foes on their own soil, even though they have no fort and
enough strength.
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Even a jackal can kill a war elephant entangled in a marshy ground.
d\s
104

51.
- *! $! ,$" - Testing and Trusting

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One should choose a person on the basis of his virtue, wealth, joy and fear of life.
?", 58 + ;?D

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The ruler must choose men of noble birth who shun faults and feel ashamed of doing
evils.
5 5' @ D+(

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503
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Even great scholars who are free from faults are not totally free from ignorance.
5= 5

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504
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The ruler should weigh the merits and demerits of the people and judge them
accordingly by merit.

8
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The deeds of men are the real touchstone for their nobility or meanness.
105
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506
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The ruler should not select men who have no attachment and relatives, for they do
not fear social blame.
" '8 (
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507
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Choosing fools as advisers out of love will lead to utter foolishness and confusion.
8 " =
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Trusting strangers without testing them will bring endless evils to one's progeny.
5 D , '"
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509
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One should choose men after testing them and then give them suitable work.
. " D.
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510
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To trust men without any test and suspect those already tested will lead to endless
troubles.

106
d\s
52.

& $! - - Evaluating and Employing
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511
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One should choose and employ men who can weigh good and bad, and love to do
only positive things.
;8, 5
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512
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One should employ men who can enlarge the sources of income, increase wealth
and prevent hurdles.
. 5 "
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513
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One should employ men of virtues who are kind, wise, clear-headed and contented.
@
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Though tested and found fit, men may differ in their ways of executing a task.
"5
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One should not employ favourites but those who know how to get things done.
d\s

107
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One should choose the right person, right deed and right time, and then entrust the
work to him.
( = >",
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Only after evaluating the task, the means and the person to do it, the task should be
assigned to him.

5
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Only after having decided that a man is fit for the task, one should employ him.
D
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Fortune deserts one who doubts the loyalty of hard-working persons.
; >
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520
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The ruler should always be alert in keeping his workforce faithful so as to make the
world all right.
d\s
108

53.
- #
!+ . /
% - Cherishing Relatives
55 @ ;(
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521
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A person may lose all his wealth; yet his relatives praise his glorious past.
?
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522
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.89I- 0 3IFortune will be ever increasing if one has the gift of loving relatives.
(
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The life of a man without loving relatives is like a full-flooded tank without a bank.
58( 5? 3( ("
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To live with the relatives around is the benefit of a happy and prosperous life.
;86 6 5 ;
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.8); J )A large number of relatives gather around the man who is generous and soft-spoken.
d\s

109
+
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Only men who are generous and wrathless in this world gain countless relatives
around them.
",@ =
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527
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Crows invite their friends and share their food. Fortune remains with men of similar
nature.
, "
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528
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A king with proper discretion will always have countless relatives.
5"' 5
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529
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Once the cause for discord is removed, the deserted relatives will come back and
stay.
?", 8 " "

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The ruler should help, examine carefully and then admit the deserter who returns
with a cause.
d\s

110
54. - &0 $ - Not Forgetting Duty
" "

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.)# IH I Forgetting one's duty in overwhelming joy is worse than excessive anger.
?) (6 )
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532
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Forgetfulness in one's duty ruins one's name and fame just as constant poverty
destroys wisdom.
?' ( ) ,8(,)
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Those who are forgetful can never achieve glory. It is the accepted view of all learned
men.
='() ( +(
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534
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The fearful have no use of their fort. Likewise, the forgetful have no use of their
fortune.
=B (,) 3

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535
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Those who fail to protect themselves in advance will repent for their faults later.
d\s

111
3 ' ; 3
,?(,) (.
536
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To work with ever-wakeful care at all times is excellent beyond comparison.
(

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537
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When we do a thing focusing our mind on it, nothing will be difficult for us.
)" 5
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538
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One should pursue excellence praised by the wise; or else there will be no gain in all
seven births.

J "

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539
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When one is extremely proud and happy, one should remember those who are
ruined through forgetfulness.
, >( , 5"
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540
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A person should set his mind upon his goals and then act; only then can they be
easily achieved.
d\s

112
55. !" - $
- Just Rule
'", (,) )", ' ;

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541
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Just rule is to probe, favour none, be unbiased, deliberate and render justice.
3 (
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The world depends on rain for life. Likewise, the citizens depend on the king for
justice.
"' F5 85 >

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543
=-
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The king's just rule provides the basis for holy scriptures and right conduct.

5 .
544
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The world respects the king who rules justify for the welfare of the people.
()

6 DJ .
545
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Seasonal rains and yields are plenty in the land ruled by a just king.
d\s

113
,
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546
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It is not the spear but only the scepter of justice that brings success to the king.
(
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547
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The king protects all his people. His own just rule protects his dignity.
8 =>
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An inaccessible and unjust king will surely bring destruction on himself.
)+ 8 5 (

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549
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The duties of a king are protecting his subjects from enemies and punishing the
wrong-doers.
5 "8( +
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550
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Passing death sentence on ruthless killers is like removing weeds from the land
under crop.
d\s

114
56. #!" -
- Tyrannical Rule
5 5 5(;)
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551
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The king who harasses his subjects is worse than a cruel murderer by trade.
; ; ,6
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A cruel king's demand for money from his subjects is like an armed man robbing
helpless travelers.
=>
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553
8 % %? *! !- + ';
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The king who fails to render justice regularly will lose his country gradually.
3+ D + (
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554
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If the king abuses his authority, he will lose both his wealth and the support of the
people.
(5 (;) 5(,) 3
(88 > .
555
81 4 5 "!*
The unbearable tears of the oppressed are weapons that destroy the wealth of a king.
d\s

115
' B( + (
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556
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Just rule brings everlasting glory to a king. Unjust rule dims his name.
, 85() 55 "
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557
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As all beings on earth suffer without rain, people suffer under an unkind king.
(,) =>
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Possession of wealth causes more distress than poverty to those living under a
merciless ruler.
= >
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559
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When a king fails to render justice, even seasons will change and rains will fail.
' F(?'

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560
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If the king fails to protect his country, cows will yield less milk and the priests will
forget scriptures.

116
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57. $% - - Avoiding Oppression
+ 8
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561
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. : 82! ! +0
A king examines thoroughly before giving suitable punishment to prevent further evils.

(
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The king must appear to be harsh but he must be really kind. This will ensure longlasting gains.
" >3 +
" ( ;.
563
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An unkind ruler who is a terror to his people will quickly perish.

( "
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564
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When the subjects complain that the king is cruel, he will soon lose his life and
wealth.
< =8 (

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565
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The cruel-faced king's wealth is no better than a devil's treasure.
d\s

117
;( ;(
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566
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The king who is harsh in speech and unsympathetic soon loses his vast wealth.
;D " = "

;= > .
567
,'?( $9 3E 2 34*

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Bitter words and excessive punishments are the files that wear out the conquering
power of the king.
85 " 85
5 .
568
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A king burning with anger and not heeding the advice of the wise will gradually lose
all his wealth.
" 5 > "

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569
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The king without strong forts lives in fear of foes and gets ruined.
('? ;+( ,((,)

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570
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.% 4)

There is no greater burden to the earth than the tyrant surrounded by the council of
illiterates.
d\s

118
58. & - %
- Benign Look
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571
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The world survives on limitless beauty found in the compassion of the people.
8 ,(,) ( '
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572
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The world survives on men of compassion and those without mercy are burden to the
earth.
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Songs without tunes are of no use. Eyes without benign look are of no use either.
( =8 >D (
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574
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Eyes are of no use to one's face if they show no kindness in sufficient measure.
5() (
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575
* $9 4
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The jewel of the eyes is benign look; without it the eyes are only sores.
d\s

119
" 8'
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576
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Men without benign look remain just like trees rooted to the ground.
(' ' @'

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577
> ?- 9 4! $9 29
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Men without kindness have no real eyes. Men with eyes are not without kindheartedness.
( ('()
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578
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The entire world belongs to those who are kind to others and sincere in their duties.
85 ' @ ?

85 .
579
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It is excellent to be kind and patient even to those who hurt us.
; ' 8
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580
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Benign people will take even the poison given by their friends and yet remain cool
and gracious.
d\s

120
59.
- 1 - Espionage
5 F6 ;

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581
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The secret services and the books on morals are the two eyes of a king.
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582
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The king should know promptly whatever happens to his subjects every day.
5 5?
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583
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A king who does not know the benefits of spying can never achieve victory.
>' 5 ' +()

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584
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A good spy is the one who observes the conduct of the king's employees, his
relatives and enemies.
; (,) ;
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585
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Able spies are those who have unsuspected appearance and fearlessness, and
guard secrets.
d\s
121
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B '(,) 5.

586
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A spy guised as an ascetic works tirelessly and collects information unmindful of
threats.
" 5 "
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587
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A spy collects the secrets of others and confirms them beyond doubt.
558 " D 5'

5( 5 (.
588
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The report of one spy must be verified with that of another to confirm it.
55 /'
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589
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The spies should not know one another. The king should believe and act if reports of
three spies agree.
? 5 >5 >

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590
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A spy should not be honoured in public; if honoured, it will expose the secrets to the
public.
d\s

122
60. *+ - - Zeal
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591
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K 2 9 %; /; $

Only those with zeal have real wealth; those without zeal have nothing, though they
may have everything.
J
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Possession of zeal is long-lasting wealth. Material possessions are fleeting in nature.
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593
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People with tireless zeal do not bother about the loss of worldly wealth.
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Good fortune enquires and enters the path of a person who has abundant zeal.
8 ' "'
8 (,) '..
595
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A lily rises according to the water level and men's greatness rises according to their
zeal.
123
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B" '8,.

596
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Men should always think high and noble. Even if they fail, they should have the zeal
forever.
8, (' ' )5

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597
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Strong-minded people are always firm even in defeat like the brave elephants
pierced by arrows.
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598
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Men without a strong will cannot boast that they are very generous to others.
, '+ (,) B
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599
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Though the elephant is huge and sharp-tusked, it is afraid of a tiger attacking it with
ferocity.
5() ('
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600
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A firm mind is the real strength of men. Without it, they are but trees in human form.

124
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61. " - $ - Not being Lazy
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The light of family honour will die due to the dark smoke of laziness.
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Those who aim at enhancing the prestige of the family should give up laziness.
3 "

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603
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A fool with deadly idleness causes the downfall of his family before his death.
", 5 ",

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604
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The lazy men without effort bring ruin to their families and increase their sins.
;' ,(

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605
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Delay, forgetfulness, laziness and sleep are the coveted vehicles of those prone to ruin.
d\s

125
D' 5" @ D'

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606
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The lazy cannot achieve great gains even if they enjoy royal benefits.
)", J( ' )",

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607
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Those who love laziness lacking noble efforts will have to face scornful words.
+ '()

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608
64 ,- $9 - ';

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If laziness remains in a man of nobility, it will make him the slave of his enemy.
D" 5

5 ;.
609
#4 ! -
.*- #4 ! ' - 29
Freedom from laziness removes shame and disgrace on one's family and manliness.
>, "
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610
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A king who is not lazy can gain all the worlds measured by God's great strides.
d\s

126
62. - - $2 - Perseverance
8() ;
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611
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Nothing is difficult to achieve. Strenuous efforts will bring due honour.
( (
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612
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One should never give up a task in the middle, for the world will abandon such
people.
B +5
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613
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The glory of benevolence depends on the excellence of perseverance.
(
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614
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The thought of charity in a lazy man is useless like the sword in a eunuch's hand.
'
, ,8* *.
615
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J $9 &- ; 4* 4U9
One who loves work, but not pleasure and removes the sufferings of his relatives is
like a supporting pillar.
d\s

127
=5 =5
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616
,0

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Strenuous effort brings wealth and laziness brings only poverty.
D =
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Misfortune lives with the lazy and Fortune lives with the industrious.
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618
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Bad luck is never blamed. What is blamed is lack of knowledge and effort.
>8 B =5
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Though fate may not be favourable, strenuous effort will yield its reward.
D ? ' 8
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620
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Those with untiring and unfailing efforts will conquer even the unyielding fate.

128
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63. #* - $3 $/ $ *
! - Fortitude
; +(
;8*'(,) ? (.
621
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Adversity can be overcome by taking it lightly. So smiling is the easy way to
overcome it.
8 ; .
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622
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A wise man with a determined mind will conquer even a flood of troubles.
;() ; ;?' ;()

; '.
623
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The resolute will never allow grief to overcome them but will make even grief itself
grieve.
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624
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Trouble itself is troubled if it confronts a man with bull-like efforts.
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625
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A strong-willed man, who boldly faces sufferings, drives away all sorrows.
d\s

129
5() (5 ; 5()
)( 5 '.
626
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Those who are neither miserly nor elated in prosperity will never grieve in poverty.
; 8
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627
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The wise do not take sorrows to heart as they know that the body is subject to
suffering.
; (
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628
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A person who does not seek pleasure and takes sufferings as natural will never be
prone to grief.
8, ,8,
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629
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A person who does not long for joy will never be upset by the pain of sorrows.
"
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Even enemies will hail the glory of a person who takes pain as pleasure.
d\s

130
64. - 4 - Ministry
D = >D >D

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A wise minister is one who is efficient in choosing the right means, time, manner and
rare ventures.
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632
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An ideal minister excels in firmness, nobility, concern, knowledge and efforts.
86 6 "'?
86 (
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633
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A minister is one who is able to divide enemies' allies, cherish friends and unite the
parted ones.
6 '", 6
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634
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.- F +0 #* !

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An able minister is one who deeply enquires, decides on the ways of execution and
boldly advises.
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635
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A king should choose as minister one known for virtue, wise words and efficient execution.
d\s

131
H F(;) '() H
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636
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Nothing can withstand a minister's inherent intelligence combined with his acquired
knowledge.
5 " 8, 8(,)

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637
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Although one knows all subtle techniques, one should act in tune with the world.
() B
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638
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An ignorant and reluctant ruler may ignore the advice. But a minister's duty is to
advise him rightly.
3@ " 8, <'

639
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Millions of open enemies of a king are better than a minister who gives him wrong
guidance.
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An inefficient minister will never finish even a well-planned scheme.

132
d\s
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" - %

"( - Power of Speech
B B "
8, * .
641
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., +4 M?- 4 CPower of speech is a rare gift. There is no other gift rarer than that.
=+ ; ( (
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642
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Words can bring either gain or ruin. So we must guard against a slip of the tongue.
'? >

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643
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A speech should captivate the audience and appeal even to those who have not
heard it.
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One should choose and use words that even virtue and wealth cannot excel.
(6 (? '(
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645
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One should use such words which are not excelled by any other words.
133
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8 (G? '( (
5' .

646
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The code of great men is to speak sweet words that attract others and take merit in
other's speech.
(( '
((( ' ,.
647
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No one can defeat a speaker who is good, tireless and bold in a debate.
", ( ",
(6( ('? .
648
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The world will quickly carry out the sweet and well-set words of eloquent speakers.
( =' 5
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649
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Those who can never be brief and faultless use too many words in their speech.
I8, ' 5(,)

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650
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Those who are unable to express what they have learnt are like flowers without
fragrance.
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66. ./% - ( 5678 - Purity in Action
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651
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Good company brings wealth to a person, but goodness of action fulfils all his
desires.
.( ; );

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652
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Acts that do not bring glory and gain must always be shunned.
( ; >

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653
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One who seeks future greatness or fame should avoid deeds that stain one's name.
; B " >'

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654
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Men with foresight will do nothing shameful even in extreme distress.
5 + >5 >(

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655
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One should not do anything that one will regret later. If done, one should not repeat
the mistake.
d\s
135
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656
+ ! $* 2 !

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One should not do anything that will be condemned by the great even to feed one's
starving mother.
", > 8 '

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657
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The pinching poverty of the wise is far better than the ill-gotten wealth.
" "' >'()

="6 O .
658
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Those who do deeds shunned by the learned may win initially but will grieve later.
( ? ?B
5 5 .
659
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.4! , &0- >2 1 :) *

Wealth got through other's sufferings will not last. Earnings by fair means, though
lost, are regained.
8( > '8(
8,' > 5.
660
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Hoarding ill-gotten wealth is like keeping water in an unbaked clay pot.
d\s

136
67. . - ( *

! - Firmness in Action
8 (,) 8
5 ( .
661
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Strength of action depends on the firmness of the mind; all other abilities are not of
this nature.
( 5 ( <
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662
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The two principles of the wise are to avert hurdles and overcome if obstacles come.

>
5 3" .
663
42*; +2* $% 4;
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Success of an action should be revealed only at the end as endless sufferings follow
if revealed midway.
(6( '
(G (.
664
6< +1
.+* %

It is always easy to preach but difficult to follow what has been preached.
S> ' 8 "

> ? ;.
665
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The achievement of fame through firmness of action reaches the king and it is
praised by all.
d\s

137
+ >, '

' ? .
666
! 2*; >! +*!
.&- 9% :2 4U9

Men of resolute mind will surely achieve whatever they wish for.
.; ; "'()
' 8,.
667
% $9 9 0 *J ?Y +- 2* /
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Appearance of a man does not matter. He may be as important as the linchpin of a
rolling chariot.
+, ,+,
*+ ", (.
668
9 #* ! >! " ! ';
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An act must be executed firmly and boldly without delay and with alertness.
, B > ,5
.
669
8*0 - ! :J $*
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Despite initial sufferings, one must do with firmness the deeds that bring delight in
the end.
8 > @ 8
670
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+ 19 $9 *0 +
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The world will not respect a man, whatever abilities he may have,
unless he has will power.
138
d\s

68.
- 997 - Modes of Action
L
=. ,>( 8,.

D +( ,.
671
2 >; % - $9 * PH ;
.+Q! +0; &'#4* ?T* $9

After taking a well-considered decision, it is extremely harmful to delay the action.
*+ *+
5 *+5
*+, >D .
672
* $9 T*
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Only those acts which deserve delay should be delayed. Other acts should not be
delayed.
(6 ( ((
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(.
673
- ? '#4*
.4 B >* 9 /

When it is possible, it is good to act. Otherwise, one should find out the right time and
place to act.

D+(
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674
4 T* %T0 < * + $* , `4
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Unfinished action and ignored enmity lead to ruin like unextinguished fire that flares up.
(;) ",
675

(.
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One must consider resources, ways, time, place and nature of the deed before
carrying out an act.
d\s

139
=. T =5+ >,

;B '8,
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676
; # $9 T* - $H4
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Mode of completion, obstacles and profit should be measured well before venturing
into an action.
> > = <

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677
? C- '?T - 9 +2
. ' 22 3 C'

The best way to perform a deed is learning the techniques from an expert.
( .
( 8 5.
678
?S 4;
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One should use one act to achieve another, just as a trained elephant is used to
capture another elephant.
' ( G "
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679
!
I* +*%
@
.V ) )!; 0It is more urgent to make friends with foes than doing good to friends.
' ;+(
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680
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Peace is the only means for the survival of a weak king against a mighty enemy.
140
d\s

69. / - & - Envoy
) ?8( "
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681
$* 4 :1?

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Love, noble birth and courteous qualities that please the king are the essentials of
efficient ambassadors.
. >" ( *,?'()
/.
682
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Kindness, intelligence and power of expression are the three essential qualities of an
ambassador.
F F(( (
D? ).
683
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The envoy, the greatest among scholars, can relate to another ruler the causes for
his king's success.
. >" ( /
. ( .
684
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A person who has intelligence, good looks and deep learning is fit to become an envoy.
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685
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A good envoy should speak precisely, pleasantly and humbly to bring gain to his king.

141
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686
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A good envoy is one who is well-read and bold, speaks convincingly and acts
according to the situation.
", + ",
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687
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4
The best envoy knows his duty, the right time and place, and he deliberates before
conveying the message.
*> , ,. /
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An envoy should possess honesty, company of wise men and courage.
;5 "'() ? ;5

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689
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The envoy conveys the king's exact message to another king in a firm and faultless
language.
?B (,) 5()

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690
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A good envoy fearlessly conveys the message benefitting his ruler even at the cost of
his life.
d\s

142
70.
. -" - Associating with Rulers
,) @, >' (
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691
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Men around a wavering ruler, like those before the fire, should go neither too far from
him nor too near him.
' (
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692
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If men do not crave for what the king desires, they will gain abiding wealth.
5 5( ;8
5( ' ,.
693
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! 4*9 I #4 $ - -
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One should be careful and avoid blunders. Otherwise, it is very difficult to clear the
king's suspicions.
(6 '" D 83(

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694
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Whispers and exchange of smiles should be avoided in the presence of the king.
?J ' '5 ?

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695
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One should not overhear or show interest in learning the king's secret till it is disclosed by him.

143
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696
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.
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Take into account the king's mood and time, and speak to him what he likes to listen to.
(G
697
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One should always speak pleasant things to the king and never speak useless things
even if compelled.
' =' '

(;) 3? ;.
698
$4 4 - 4; :1J +* H < ** /
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The ruler should not be scorned as a relative or a junior. He should be given due
honour.
? >'
,5 '.
699
/ / I ( '
.&4! 4T 4Q

The wise will not do anything unacceptable to the king, thinking that they enjoy the
king's favour.
? ( >D
700
3 ; .
+2 : 4T 4Q 4 R / !-
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Taking the king's intimacy for granted and doing unworthy acts may lead to
destruction.
d\s

144
71. 0
- ' :6 ( - Mind-Reading
?
' .
701
&? - B 1 ?Y I $9 C'
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One who reads another's thoughts from his appearance is a jewel of the world
surrounded by the seas.
? (,) 8(,) '8

>8 ? (.
702
! H ?Y I $9 C'

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The person who is able to read another person's mind correctly is regarded as equal to god.
?5 ?)' ?B

, ;8, (.
703
B 1 9
W
.I- $ C- 2 * * 9
A ruler should at any cost secure the services of the man who reads others' minds
from their looks.
8,
? ( .
704
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.&I!- $9 2! $9 - / 4U9
Those who read others' minds without being revealed resemble others physically but
differ mentally.
?5 ?) ?B

8 .
705
I!
,J9
K4! " 2 ?Y $9 * + ';
The chief function of the eyes is to read the minds of others by merely looking at their faces.
d\s

145
;8, ; +(
;8, ; =.
706
4E ? =
. 4 2 , =*
As a crystal reflects things around it, the face shows one's likes and dislikes.
=8 =,"(,) ?B

B =" ,.
707
K ?. $ 4% %

.F9 IR $9 !
@ 4U9
There could be not better index than the face that shows the joy or the anger of the
mind.
= 5 D
5 ,''? .
708
! B* - "- ';
.2 ! = + - +2 #

For those endowed with the power of reading the mind, it is enough if others stand
before them.
D D @
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709
, +**
. " - 2 - <)*

One who can read the mind by looking at the eyes of others can say whether they
are foes or friends.
H ' +( @+(

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710
4)# ?* C' =2 $9 4 T* ';
.+ 4! /; = 4- 49 ?Y $9 #

Eye alone is the apt measuring rod of the wise who can read others' minds.
d\s

146
72.
- %!9
7 ; 2( - Knowing the Assembly
", >", (6 (G

" *> '.
711
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Men of clear mind and powerful speech should use words that suit the audience.
", '", (6 (G

" '.
712
+J1 +*
.)? -

Good men with eloquence should use right words to suit the time and the nature of
the audience.
' ((5 ' (G

' (* (.
713
I ,! H +*

. / )? : 19
Those who speak without minding the audience lack choice of words and oratorical skill.
'= ( '=
(.
714
'
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.>2 4! = 0 >H*

An orator should be brilliant before the bright but act as a stupid before the dull.
5J =,
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715
I9-
. +1 $9 5* / Best of all virtues is modesty which controls one's tongue before the wise.

147
d\s
5 '" 5 )
5'' =' 3.
716
1I = $9
. :) $9
Committing mistakes in speech in a learned assembly is slipping from the path of
virtue.
5"' ( +
(( (' 8,.
717
= $9 + ! < ,0 * '
.+1 B 9 '

Greatness of scholars can be brought out only in an assembly of the wise.
' ,'= (( '

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718
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Speaking to an attentive audience is like watering a field of fertile crops.
)(D
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719
+ $9 c0(* ] = $9 S ; >! 2

.1 = $9 84 +2 - $H4 / 4U9
Those who speak persuasively before the wise should never talk so to the mean
even by a slip.
+8, 5( +8'

('= (.
720
4 / - )? 2;

c
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Speech addressed to fools is like throwing divine nectar in the sewer.

148
d\s
73. - %!9
7
; 7 $ - Not Fearing the Assembly
", ( >' (G

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721
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.4 2 +1 $9 e)? /

Pure-minded orators knowing the quality of audience and the power of words never
falter in their speech.
5 5' ?;' 5'=

5
(6 '.
722
+ - +! +* - >! 2
. +!T 3. 4U9 + I ]

The orator who makes the learned spellbound with his scholarship is a scholar
among scholars.
8,
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8, '.
723
!
< *2 $9 + #4- I 0 4%
. < $9 3? 1 +*
Many face the foes and die in the battlefield. But only a few face the assembly with boldness.
5'= 5
(G8 5
(.
724
+ %- - )?
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An orator should impress the scholars with his scholarship and learn more from
greater scholars.
5 ", 5
5+ ;85 ;.
725
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The orator should master oratorical skills essential to counter the arguments of his foes
bravely.
d\s

149
' (' F
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726
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To one who dreads an assembly, learning is as useless as a sword in the hands of a
coward.
8,? 8,
5 F(.
727
9 + %- < $9 +* - 3? C'
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The scholarship of those who fear speaking in an assembly is as useless as a sword
in the eunuch's hand.
( 5 (D

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728
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Those who cannot effectively speak good things in an assembly are useless,
however educated they are.
( 5",
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729
= $9 +2 3?
.= = % -- 4U9

The learned man who fears to face an assembly of the good is inferior even to the
illiterates.
B ((;) ?'

5
( '.
730
&! * >! 2 / =4
.2 "
Those who fear the assembly and cannot express convincingly resemble the dead.
d\s

150
74. # - $ - Country
DJ
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731
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. *0 I4* / 4R- I9- !

An ideal country should possess farmers with unfailing harvests, virtuous scholars
and wealthy men.
( + (
5 , ;.
732
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=4 < $* $%
.,0 *! "9Y %?
Abundant wealth, absence of calamity and never-failing harvests make a good country.
+ (+( + 5()
733
+ ', ;.
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An ideal country is the one where people gladly bear all burdens and pay all taxes.
D ? D D
(, ;.
734
)# ! ?* $* $% I9-
., , J J

A country which is free from excessive hunger, epidemics and dreaded enemies
prospers.
(3. >D D "

() (, ;.
735
#*? 3J) ?* $* $%
. N!W.* $* # ! ,0 , ?
Absence of divisions, hidden enmity and troublesome chieftains make an ideal country.
151
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8, +
.

736
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@ $*
.
A I9- > * $ 9 )2 4!
An ideal country will not be ruined by foes. Even if ruined, it will remain prosperous
forever.
)6 >" D )6

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737
)
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. 4
4 * $* I ?
Water from rain and springs, hills with rivers and strong forts are the vital aspects of a
good country.
(
5< ",.
738
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The five ornaments of a country are health, wealth, crops, happiness and security.
8 (
" ;.
739
6 H *0 * $* $% I9- ;
. > * 19 +Q! ,0 * $* -

An ideal country is the one that grows with its natural resources without hard labour.
+ > @
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740
4 <#4* 19 %1!- ,' +4 " $*
. T + ;
All the above gifts of a country are quite useless if there is no harmony between the
king and the subjects.

152
d\s
75. & - %" - Fort
5 ' 85

5 ' .
741
!
' +/
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The fort is very important both for the aggressors and the defenders alike.
@ D 5
; .
742
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.
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A good fort has clear water, vast area, mountains and forests with cool shade.
' "
F(.
743
8I! 8#* - $H4 ; 2

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A fort should have enough height, breadth, strength and safety from enemies' reach.
?5 8
? .
744
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A fort with large space within and with a small area to defend will demoralize even
bold foes.
5> 8 8'

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745
+) 9 9* 84 %
.4! !
59 4 >!
A good fort is the one which is unconquerable, amply provisioned and well-suited for
its inmates to live in.
d\s
153
(? J 8> 8,.

( (,) .

746
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A good fort should contain necessary provisions and smart warriors to defend it in
times of need.
=5D =5 ", ?;8,

55 (,) .
747
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A good fort is the one which withstands blockade, direct attack and treachery.
=55 =5 D 55?
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748
!
>! H* >! +%%- 2 C' %
.+ I- 2# - H

A fort should have the ability to defend itself and win by defying the attacks of the
enemies.
==8, 5' =8,

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749
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.*2 <) $9 ? !

A fort gains reputation by the planning of its soldiers inside to destroy the enemies in
the battlefield.
8 @
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750
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Even a grand fort is useless if the forces are not able to defend it.
d\s

154
76. $
- - Earning Wealth
( ?
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751
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There is nothing precious like wealth which converts worthless men worthy.
( ( J' (
( >' ?).
752
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The poor are despised though they are worthy but the rich are honoured by all
though they are unworthy.
B >

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753
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Wealth, the everlasting light, drives away enmity from all lands.
B = B ",

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754
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Wealth acquired through fair means brings virtue and happiness.
; ; ?

)(' ) (.
755
< *
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One must give up the wealth earned without kindness and goodness as evil.
d\s

155
J ( J '8

J " .
756

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$% : ,0
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Unclaimed wealth, taxes and compensation for war damages form a king's revenues.
B O B

(
G( ;.
757
*! * "*4- $*
Wealth, the foster mother, nurses the child of live called grace.
?' 5( 8()

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758
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.3? 1 >!- # % 9

Doing a business with enough money in hand is as safe as watching an elephantfight from a hill.
>
'
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759
, - 3 4% = 4U9

.!
R
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One should earn wealth as there is no sharper weapon than that to ruin the
arrogance of foes.
? 5'

; +.
760
,0 >! ;
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Those who gather wealth through fair means will gain both virtue and joy easily.
d\s

156
77. - < - Greatness of an Army
?", ( "
D ( .
761
"0 ? ;
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P?* / $* 4 &4 %
A fearless, well-organized and successful army is the most important wealth of a ruler.
8, 8,8
( (( ,.
762
2 + 4! "0 /
.* * 4 /;

A traditional army alone can brave a might enemy even ignoring the setbacks.
G8( G?
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763
JII # 5 <#4 ' 9
K>9
F9 **- ';
A pack of rats disappears before a hissing cobra. Likewise, a weak army vanishes
before a brave army.
() "
, .
764
C' % ;
.!
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A force unaffected by defeat and treachery with its hereditary courage is an army.
5 (B '5

5 , .
765
8 !
2 ' +% ;
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That alone is a strong army which can jointly challenge even Yama, the god of death.
d\s

157

. 5
.
766
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Valour, honour, glorious tradition and loyalty are the safeguards of a powerful army.
'+
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767
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An able army finds the tactics of the enemies in advance and proceeds to destroy
them.
(D 56 (B

8( ; .
768
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An army may be weak in defence and offence. But it should impress by its big show
and gain fame.
D (8 ,D D

( (6 .
769
&! `24 / - ) !

>! H ;
.29 / J R PH + 4 /

An army will win when there are no desertions, incurable hatred and poverty.
8B
( (.
770
3 + >* / C' + "0 /
.+%2 J + + ';

Though the army has numerous able and experienced soldiers, it is of no use without
dynamic generals.

158
d\s
78. $* - - Military Might
= ( <'

= ( '.
771
.C/ 2* / !!

-
. 8/0 * + '4 &I

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The enemies who dared to oppose the chief have become hero-stones.
=> (
8( "( ,.
772
# >; B 3% $9 T)?
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It is sweeter to hold a spear that missed a motionless elephant than an arrow that
killed a running hare.
5(
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773
.!
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The great manliness is to fight the battle with courage. But it's better to show mercy
to the humbled enemies.
( 5;
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774
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The hero who throws the spear at an elephant smiles and draws another from his chest.
8 ( 8?
'.
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Even winking at the hurling of lances by enemies is counted as defeat to the heroes.
d\s

159
3?) ( 3B
;8,.
776
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The warriors count their days without receiving glorious war wounds as fruitless days.
6 '
(?) '8,.
777
% * >; #4 >2-

. $9 ?? >* - 2 $9 I9T9
Those who seek universal glory but not their safety wear heroic anklets to add beauty.
' '
B' ( '.
778
" % / '

. >* + * 4 ?; /
Even when the king disapproves, the soldiers who are ready to die will remain
undaunted.
8(,)

8(,) 5 '.
779
' - <)*
K*2 $9 * I* &'4 $9 C'
None blames those soldiers who pledge to win but lose their lives.
)"' '(
5 (;)
", (,) 8,.
780
6*
4! < * " ';
!* :- " '% 0
The death which invites the grief of the ruler is most welcome to true soldiers.

160
d\s
79. 3 - + $" - Friendship
5 . ,(
. ?).
781
4- $ 4% %

K +2 C' =* $% $*
It is quite rare to get the friendship that guards a person against all actions of enemies.
' ?
782
' ).
1 0 8
. * 12
.8 H $ *4 8 - 0 >2
Friendship of the wise grows like the waxing moon but that of fools decreases like the
waning moon.
( F( 6 (

) ' ').
783
* 0 :
.8 4 ! * *-

As repeated reading brings better understanding, friendship of the noble brings
deeper delight.
5 (
5() 85 ;.
784
)29 F @ =

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Friendship is not meant for petty joy but to point out a friend's faults when he goes astray.
)'
( '

785
+ .
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True friendship is not in frequent meetings. Mutual feelings will yield the rights of
friendship.

161
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= , 8(,)
, ).
786
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True friendship is not a mere smile on the face but is something felt deep within the heart.
>8(,)
(( ? ).
787
? :) $9 W.* ! 4E *

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Good friendship saves one from ruin, shows the right paths and shares the distress.
; " +
; ).
788
"9Y 4E '24 $* $%
. = :4 '; ! '24*
Friendship is one which rescues the friends in distress like one's own hands setting
right the slipping dress.
5 S5
(6> .
789
+J :#*/ % 9 C* C' ;

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Friendship lies in consistency and provides support on all possible occasions.
'
)B )(B ).
790
2 1 * 4! #*
".$4 % - 4- " + 2

It is only mean friendship which proclaims that the friends are so close to each other.
162
d\s

80. %
- #
+$" #
&9" - Choosing Friends
, G5 (
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791
6 4 )* 2 : `1? /
.

Nothing is worse than thoughtless friendship, for once formed it cannot be

abandoned.
>">", =
, .
792
*?/ : *? + C' `?
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Untested friendship will certainly lead to grievous pain and death.
= D 5=

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793
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One's character, clan, defects, and relatives must be studied before befriending one.
?", @
;8, (; ).
794
4 ,- >; *4 A :

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One should pay any price to gain the friendship of men of noble birth who despise
disgrace.
(G ((,) 8,
(' ()) >", (.
795
6! >! 2 A ! ].

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One should seek worthy friends who point out one's faults, indict and show the right path.
d\s

163
B '
?' (.
796
68 ?A
A $9 ;
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Even in misfortune there is something good, for it is a yardstick to measure friends.
(,) 5? '

(.
797
22 $9 % ;
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Getting rid of the friendship of fools is a gain to anyone in the world.
5 5
(5 5?' ).
798
6* ! *# 1 ! *

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One should not thing of deeds curbing enthusiasm and of one's friendship deserting
in danger.
;+ ;' ;+
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799

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Friendship of those who deserted in distress pains one's heart even at the time of
one's death.
. 5' 8,
. ?' ).
800
! 4* $24 $2* % :

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One should seek the friendship of good people and shake off the worthless at any cost.
d\s

164
81. - $ + $" - Long-standing Intimacy
?;(,) ,
" ).
801
9 $% "T ';
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Intimacy is that which willingly submits to liberties taken by old friends.
5 ?) 3 55
?( ' .
802
. + >!
The essence of old friendship is the freedom of action which the great always cherish.
>D+ 3
>+() .
803
/ 2 ! 4 2 :
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Long-standing friendship is of no use if the friend's freedom of action is not approved.
?' 35
, ' .
804
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The wise are not displeased even when their friends do deeds without asking out of
intimacy.
+ '
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805
: 4; - ';
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A friend's painful offence should be ignored as it may be due to either ignorance or
deep liberty.
d\s

165
( ' ,' 8,

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806
* <)2
19 * $9 #4 81? '?*
7
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True friends will never abandon long-standing friends even in adversity.
" >B '

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807
? + J- )2 /

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True friends will not break their friendship even when their friends do ruinous deeds.
3 3 ('
3 ' .
808
F# + % T)? : 9 C' +
.? +%- )?- ! 0* RV * / ' 4
An old friend won't mind the faults of his friends and even when he gets hurt, he
considers it a good day.
" '
' D .
809
2 + *? ?

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.:? + ! $409
The world loves true friends who stick to long-standing friendship.
' ? ; '
? '.
810
49 ; - 2 :# +
Even the enemies love those who do not desert their old friends.
.&!- 4! >*

166
d\s
82. 3 - 3 + $" - Bad Friendship
' GB '

G5 ( ,.
811
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It is better for the friendship of people without genuine love to shrink rather than shine.
(;) I ?'
B ?B .
812
4! >4H* '; % ; 2*9 ';

.%29 $9 I / * $9 <#4 / 4U9
It is quite useless to have friendship with the unworthy who stay in gain and leave in loss.
, '* ) ,
'.
813
IH
;
. ` "%

Selfish friends, prostitutes who expect gains and thieves are alike in their character.
8, 5 ( '
.
814
I H ? I9-
.4 "9 $9 " $*

It is better to have no friends than to have friends who, in times of need, desert like
an untrained war-horse.
>
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>G > .
815
#
/ -
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It is better to avoid bad friends who, though benefitted, are of no help when needed.

167
d\s
+ .'
.
816
I9- ,!

., %
Enmity of the wise is far better than the intimate friendship of fools.
(
8;8 .

817
I9- ,
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It is far better to have the enmity of foes than to have the friendship of pretenders.
(6 5 '
(' (.
818
* %
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One must silently discard the friendship of those who make a possible task
impossible.
B ,
( ' ').
819
! 9 3*? C'
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The friendship of those whose words and deeds differ gives pain even in dreams.
8, ( (
( ?' ').
820
" $9 2 % >!
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Friendship of those who act as friends in private but curse in public must be totally
avoided.

168
d\s
83. -
2( = 0 + $" - Undesirable Friendship
5?
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821
%Q*
.# '; I 4 0 *9

Feigned friendship is like an anvil to destroy one at a suitable place.
() (' '

;.
822
2 , %Q*
False friendship is as unsteady as the mind of a prostitute.
( 5 8, ('
( ' ,.
.,% 2 H** * 9
823
? - !

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In spite of reading many good books the enemies never become good friends.
=8 8
? ;.
824
$9 */ Q C' < 3?*
. $9 IH $#?

Friendship with cheats who smile outwardly but conspire inwardly should be feared.
8 8
(G( 55() .
825
? , 4 / '
.$ C- $9 + T :0* 19

One should not trust the words of those whose minds are not identical.
d\s

169
'( ( (GB '(

( ? ;.
826
J? : " 22 3 4*
.4 " "4

Though the enemies utter friendly words, their evil intention can soon be understood.
( ' 5 (

+ 8 .
827
1 $9 5I? *( /
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One should not trust the humble words of the enemies as they hurt like the arrows
from bending bows.
3 DJ ;+ '

3 8,.
828
8 4? I I*
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Even the folded hands of the foes may conceal arms. Likewise, their tears may have
hidden dangers.
>, J
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B ?)(5 5.
829
) $9 i * %Q $9
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Friends who pretend to love but dislike must be cajoled and crushed in friendly guise.
+( = (;)
()) (.
830
68 2 B- ';
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When foes want to become friends, one may keep a friendly face and give up their
friendship.
d\s

170
84. - +
- Folly
+(;)
(.
831
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Stupidity lies in opting for the evil and giving up what is really good.
D (
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832
, -

.2? : / 9 R
Folly of follies is to have the desire to do the deeds unsuitable to one's position.

(.

833
3* / :
.! , R ,

Shamelessness, desirelessness, lovelessness and regardlessness are the qualities
of a fool.
'", '8, +?
' (.
834
>2 : -
. + +0 +* =4 +@! +*

There is no greater fool than a man who learns, realizes and preaches but never
practises.

5 3D
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835
+ '! $9 - $9 :

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In one birth a fool is capable of doing misdeeds which will earn him hell through
seven births.
d\s

171
>; )U@ ?
5 .
836
+ H $H ! #

.#4 % #
A fool undertaking a task without knowing how to act not only fails but also ruins
himself.
' 8 '?'
( 5 .
837
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.
5 4
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When fools acquire wealth, strangers thrive but the fools' relative starve.
( 85(
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838
C' :

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A fool who becomes rich behaves like a mad man who is fully drunk.
, '
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839
* :
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.9 $9 I / 4
The friendship of fools is very pleasant, since it brings no regret on separation.
( D 85( '

8,? )(.
840
V = ? '; :

.*? 2 3Q4 # f

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A fool's entry into a learned assembly is like putting the unwashed feet on a clean bed.
d\s

172
85. 3
& - >6! - Silly-Mindedness
D
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841
29 % 2# =
.=4 4! $22 2# % 2 29

The worst of needs is lack of wisdom; the world does not consider lack of others as
wants.
", ( ,
( .
842
8J - >; $H M%- ';
.'?Y Q 4U9

If a fool presents a gift willingly, it is only the result of the receiver's penance.
' "? O O

' >( ,.
843
#4 $H I $* I
.&! &I +Q!Even enemies cannot cause more troubles than what the fools bring on themselves.
?; ()
B .
844
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Stupidity is nothing but arrogance which boasts of one's own wisdom.
( 5 3(
(* .
845
+ / 9 +*
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A fool's pretence of knowledge makes one doubt even what he has actually learnt.
d\s

173
5 8 )(.
5 .
846
*

.! * +
It is foolish for a person to cover his nakedness when he is not able to guard himself
against grave faults.
>D
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847
#4
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.+ ! #4 ; %
A fool who neglects precious secrets brings all miseries upon himself.
. > <.'
.' >.
848
? >; #4 C* / ?Y BJ4 <* / C' :

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A fool who neither knows nor listens to the words of the wise suffers forever.
;
.
849
2 - B
:
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7
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One who tries to educate a fool is a fool, for a fool continues to see things in his own way.
8' (,) ( 8,
? ;.
850
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Those who reject what the whole world affirms are considered demons on earth.
d\s

174
86.
- $ - Discordance
( ' B
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851
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Hatred is a disease that spreads the evil of discord among all beings.
(? 5 B (
> .
852
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Even though one does unpleasant things out of hatred, it is good not to retaliate.
B <> G(8

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853
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49
He who discards the painful disease of hatred will gain blameless and everlasting fame.
8, B
,8, ,+ .
854
"2" =( +Q!- - 54 ';
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When the evil of hatred is destroyed, the greatest delight will flourish.
' >"3 (
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855
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No one will think to overcome a person who is free from all discordance.
d\s

175
G G,
6 6 8,.
856
1 #
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The life of one who considers it easy to win by hatred will fail and quickly perish.
(( >? ' ((
'.
857
2 C' # 2 -
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A man with perverse knowledge and hatred for others can never find truth leading to
victory.
G5() '>(
V ;.
858
2 4* % >4H
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One who resists hatred will always gain; one who yields to it will bring ruin on himself.
( +(
(@ ; 5.
859
, 4! 2 ! R
.,2 4! 9 R

When prosperity comes, one shuns hatred, but tries to cherish discordance to bring
about ruin.
(
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860
] < ] 2
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It is hatred that brings all evils and friendship brings wealth of virtues.

176
d\s
87. - $ - Merits of Enmity
G' 5( )
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861
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One should not fight with a strong enemy but choose the weaker one to fight.
, ,<
D ,?).
862

&!- >! 3I H* 3
K4! <9 + ';

An unkind, friendless and weak king can never overcome his stronger enemies.

.
863
81? =4 4! 8% 81% 4 ';
.& HJ 2 9
One who is shy, ignorant, unsociable and miserly is easily defeated by one's
enemies.
+
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864
#4 )I + IR +Q +
.
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< $9 !
4% 9 B9
One who is ill-tempered and uncontrolled can be conquered by anybody, at any
place and at any time.
>? >
5'() ,.
865
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., "# 3* / +( $ /
One who is immoral, careless, shameless and unrefined is an easy prey to his enemies.
d\s

177
8 + 8
? ;.
866
" $9 <2 : H IH
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A man blind with anger and excessive lust will be easily overcome by his enemies.
;8, (; ;8",

> .
867
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One should gain at any cost the enmity of a person who pretends to be friendly but is
disloyal.
> 5 5'()

? )8,.
868
4' "0 1?- "
.&!- F# >29

One who is without virtues but full of vices loses his friends and strengthens the
hands of his enemies.
'

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869
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&!- >! *4 !
The joy of the warriors knows no bounds when their enemies are fools and cowards.
( J

( ( .
870
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He who fails to fight the enemies who are unlearned will never gain fame.

178
d\s
88. .
# $ + ( - Assessing the Power of Enmity
B
D 55() .
871
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Enmity is an evil which should not be sought by anyone even for fun.
(' ' B 5
(' ' .
872
+2 ] C' (+W) F1# -

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A person may incur the enmity of warriors but never the enmity of scholars.
=5 B >?
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873
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One who incurs the enmity of many when alone is more foolish than the mad.
3 )
+5 .
874
2 &! A +A +

.;
.
The world is secure under one whose love can turn even one's enemies into friends.
, ( (
, 5 .
875
: + !

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. 82 %- '?* -
9
If helpless and alone while facing two enemies, a person should secure one of them
to his side.
d\s
179
B B
(.

876
:0 + - & - :0 ';
. * , " $9 # / 2 19

An enemy, whether tested or not, should be kept neither close nor far in times of
distress.
5 "(,) ' 5
' 8,.
877
! / 1 3 * /
W
.#I >! !
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One should not reveal one's woes to the unconcerned friends nor weaknesses to the
enemies.
", 5>, 5? D
' .
878
#4 $ * 4! J!- %'*
.B :) 4! <9*

The pride of enemies will fall if one strengthens and defends himself with proper
know-how.
= ( D'
(6 8 8,.
879
%H $9 , <)
."* " 4 '; ) " /

A thorny tree is easy to cut when it is tender but it injures the cutter's hands when it is
well-grown.
'? (' '?'

( '.
880
W +
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Those who fail to destroy the pride of their enemies will surely face death from them.
d\s

180
89. -
7 - Hidden Enmity
( '
.
881
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Shade and water are not good if they cause diseases. Likewise, relatives doing harm
are bad.
( 5
( ' ').
882
3 0 %Q 3? /
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One need not fear open enemies but one has to fear enemies who pretend to be
friends.
85 8,
8 .
883
* $9 2* 4U9 ? , :*
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@ <- $% $*
A person should guard himself against the hidden enmity. Otherwise, it will cut him
like a potter's knife.

. .
884
,# #? ,!
.J- # * "1 >; (*

Hidden enmity will breed evils and even separate the relatives.
(= (=
. .
885

#? ,
. J >; *

Hidden enmity among kinsmen will cause many fatal faults resulting in destruction.

181
d\s
'
( ,.
886
- `? #? , "T 4 ';
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When serious differences arise within relatives, there is no way to avoid destruction.
? )'
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5 .
887
#
$9 J)R 4E 0 ,
"4
.IH ,! + 4 "4 '; B4* +

Where there is an inner discord in the family, the apparent unity will be like the lid on
a jar.
8 D ,
5 .
888
3I* :*#* #? , JI!- 3* $* J

W 3I
.
The strength of a family with internal hostility will wear away like iron crumbling when
it is filed.
8 B
+ ;.
889
,
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. $9 + @2 W 0 "4
Though hidden enmity is small like a split sesame, it will lead the house to total ruin.
(;) ' +

(;) B" 5.
890
4 / < ,

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< , 0
Domestic life of persons in disagreement is like a life of one living with a snake in a hut.
d\s

182
90. 0
!
$ - Not offending the Great
5' 5( 5'
56 ( .
891
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/ Not offending the might of the mighty is the chief defense against all evils.
? (,) 35 (
; .
892

@ +
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Disrespect to the great will surely lead one to lifelong miseries.
( , > (

5 ' 3.
893

BJ4 3?*9 #4 1%
.
4 I +J *
He who never consults the wise and ever insults the mighty always courts ruin.
58 ( 85( 5'

5' (.
894
) ,2 3I

A
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The weak challenging the mighty is like inviting the god of death and ruin.
;
() ; ' ",?
", ? '.
895
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.4 9 4- / B4 19

A person who incurs the wrath of a mighty ruler will not survive wherever he goes.
d\s

183
( ?B >. >'

'? 83 '.
896
6&; 4 :* 4E
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One may escape even from fire-burns but certainly not from the anger of the great.
D J
' .
897
Q *0 / , * ! A <#4* /

.+Q : $9 T)?- ';
If a person incurs the wrath of great men, he cannot protect his glorious life and
splendid wealth.
' ? ;
' >' 8,.
898
! @).

.M- .*! "4 @)
Even the wealthy will be totally ruined if they incur the curse of powerful ascetics.
" ' =",

"B ", ;.
899
6+Q
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.
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If men of noble ideals become angry, the king loses his state and gets ruined.
"" ')' B >'

"" ' .
900
1 4 9 >! ,2 3 ' IR ';
.4 &4

Even mighty kings with vast army and sufficient aides will perish if they incur the
wrath of the sages.
d\s

184
91. &
- 9 4 - Being Henpecked
' >' '

? J ,.
901
I# >! 19 * <4?
.' $9 R 19 Q! 1 ! 4 -

As surrendering to wife can never bring greatness, dutiful men avoid it.
, '
@8 .
902
=#4 ,! + * *4*9 C' ,0
.4 ; *

The wealth of a man infatuated with his wife unmindful of his duties will bring shame
and disgrace.
( " (

( @8 .
903
*- / 5I? '
.- ?
; *
A person who submits to his wife will always be put to shame in the midst of the virtuous.

S> G.
904
?
, :* 19 * > ?
.I# 4* / !-

A henpecked husband who gains no heavenly bliss will not achieve glory even
through his manly deeds.
( 5
(' ( (.
905
* > ?
.?
>; ? +2 9
He who fears his wife will always be afraid of doing good deeds to the virtuous.
d\s

185
B (
' '.
906
C- >2 19 !4 * 5'
.4 $9 , ! !

No one will respect those who fear the tender shoulders of their wives, though they
live like gods.
( >3 @?
8,.
907
? ,- 04-
.*-
5@ @) I9The modest womanhood is more honoured than the manliness of a henpecked
husband.
' =' 5' B

+ 3 '.
908
&- ! 19 * "R +*
. !
+2 /
Men who submit to their wives cannot help their friends and do anything good.
D J D
( >' (.
909
M?
JI# ,0 !
.* 5@ @) ** / &' 9

Men who submit to their wives' instigation will gain no virtue, wealth and joyful deeds.
'" 8 B'()

'" (.
910
+ 2 920 '
.81 : * /

Men with a thoughtful and strong mind will be free from the folly of submitting to their
wives.
d\s

186
92. " 7 - * >

- Wanton Women
' D >'

( 38 .
911
: / I* $*1 ,4 ;

.+ 19
The sweet words of whores with their eyes only on wealth and not on love will ruin men.
*? ) ( '
* (.
912
,# ,- ! !* - >!
.F
* 2 , " +** $*
One should avoid an ill-natured woman who feigns love only for her selfish gain.
' > = (

( " 5.
913
! ) ,% 24
. Q 9H $9 " 24

Embracing a greedy whore is like hugging a corpse in a dark room.
' )" '

D '.
914
4 $9 R ' 12
.
< c % $*1 A' "% * /
Men of wisdom who seek the wealth of grace will never seek the mean joy of the
prostitutes.
,8' ) ' 8

'.
915
+ 9 * ' 12
. < * $*1 ' "% * $9 R /

Men of wits with true wisdom will never crave for the mean charms of whores.

187
d\s
" ?' ' ?

) ?' .
916
H 3*- / , /? '

.%- ?# $*1
Men who safeguard their honour shun the charms of worthless whores.
(' >' 5
? )'' .
917
# + " + 1?- "0? ' #I
.2 A
7
1 $*1 H $9 R
Men without virtue alone will seek the embrace of whores who think of something else.
D ' ('() +
' =.
918
; * ,H H
. / 2! + A
To the fools the embrace of a whore is a fatal touch of a ruinous maid.
' )?
U' 3 .
919
O#! = $*1 !4 "% I- ;

.#
9 <2 + $% 4U9
The elegant and tender shoulders of the prostitutes are a hell for mean-minded people.
? J
? ' ').
920
W ? "' H

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Wanton women, wine and gambling are the friends of those abandoned by fortune.
d\s

188
93. - 7 / - Abstaining from Liquor
? ' ?'

( 3 '.
921
J!- / ?

W
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Men addicted to drink will never be feared by their enemies and they never gain fame.
5 (
922
? '.
' + 9 ?

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. 4*9 I9
$9 40
One should not drink liquor; only those who never care for the regards of great men
may drink liquor.
=8D ( 5
' =8, .
923

+( ?
K12 + - 9
Even the mother is hurt to see her drunken son; it is all the more painful to the wise.
B ( )+; B

? +58 '.
924
C- 4 ? **
. ? C- , J)? * !

The virtuous maid of modesty turns her face away from those addicted to the sin of
drunkenness.
8 ;8,
> (.

925

.& * %
Utter ignorance alone urges one to pay money for liquor and get insensibility in return.
d\s

189
,' 8 ('

' J '.
926
:9 4 =9 " :H* +J4
.2! $ H ] + S 0 ? '

Those who sleep do not differ from the dead. The drunkards are always like poison
takers.
5 W' ?;'

5 > '.
927
B4* 8#*? ?
. - * %- & ';

Those who drink secretly have no secrets and become the butt of ridicule.
8 , ; 8(,)
8* + .
928
" ? - " ? 2 /
.4A : 4U9

A drunkard should not pretend that he does not get drunk. The secret will be out
when he is drunk.
8 ;( '
88 8, 5.
929
? &'24E ? 4
.4 $9 :H ]

Convincing a drunkard of the evils of drinking is like searching with a lamp for a man
drowned in water.
J? 5 8 @+(
( '..
930
? * $9 * /-
K * ? M ]

When not drunk, if a drunkard sees another in a drunken state, he learns the evil
effects of his own drinking.

190
d\s
94. 8 -
- Gambling
5 B L *
*5 3+ 5.
931
O /
9 2 $9 - R
. * `
@ 0 /; = 9 C'
One should avoid gambling for gains. Its gains are like a baited hook swallowed by a fish.
> F L' +(
> ' .
932
, , B , J ? 2
K, >; >4T9

Gamblers who gain one and lose a hundred can never dream of a prosperous life.
,
>? ) ;.
933
B
4
A
@ C'
.J!- >; 4! * * $* - U9
The wealth and income of one who endlessly indulges in gambling will go into the
hands of one's enemies.
>, L
(.
934
2 0- 2# ] $ 4% =
.& # ,0 J ] C' %

Nothing brings poverty like gambling that causes misery and spoils one's fame.
= D
' ( '.
935
* * *4

2 +
A
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Men who take pleasure in gambling will soon be reduced to poverty though they may
be rich.
d\s

191
' (( ?'L B

= /? '.
936
2 ,2 A*

."9Y " 0 >*
. 4U9
One, seized by the goddess of misfortune called gambling, suffers the torments of
hunger and misery.
(= ) ;

8, ).
937
2 4 $9 - $I *

., ? 0 - . 4U9
Inherited wealth and goodness will be wiped out if one wastes time in a gambling house.
;8,? >5 ;8,
(( ? L,.
938
,2 $9 < ,0 < 2 ;
.B

Gambling ruins one's wealth, leads to falsehood, spoils grace and brings in utter
miseries.
( ( ",
+ .
939
+ +) ,0 =
. 2 #4

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@ C' ! * ? &'%
Clothing, wealth, food, glory and education depart from a man who indulges in
gambling.
8X G L( ,

8X 5 '.
940
4 ? 2 >;
." , >; =#4

@
At every loss, craving for gambling increases. Likewise, the love for life grows as
sufferings grow.
d\s

192
95. $ - # $ - Medicine
B B >>D F'

= /.
941
g # ,H :]10 + ; ) !
.P ]* $ 9 "24 - " ';

Experts say that excess or deficiency of the three humours, i.e. gas, bile and phlegm,
causes diseases.
" () ",

5, 5 .
942
+) +I 4 "- ';
. C- >; b* 19

No medicine is needed if man eats only after digesting what he has already taken.
5( ", ,)
5 ,> .
943
O
+) +I 4 *!/ 'H*
. ) &' 9

Eating moderately after digestion is a sure way of attaining longevity.
5(,) ", ?8, (

,> ,? 8,.
944
:J1 5 : +) +I% T*

7
.4 / T* / 4 *?
7
One should eat what is agreeable to the system with proper appetite after digestion.
; ( 8,
; ( '.
945
g** / "* L "- ';
.8- * $9 $4* 19

Agreeable food in moderation ensures the absence of diseases in our life.
d\s

193
", ( 5

' >.
946
+) $9 0 >! P
.+) +I

Moderate eating ensures good health; likewise, overeating breeds diseases.
8 ,
? ;.
947
+) $9 3E
.+2
,0
Eating food beyond the limit of one's digestion leads to all kinds of ailments.
> >=( ,

> >?
(.
948
P `? - :' ) $H4
.N +0 ! ]

Physicians should diagnose the disease, find out the cause and its remedy before
treatment.
5 . . =
5
(.
949
P ) + +Q4 9 ) >!
.b1 "

A doctor should study the patient's condition, nature of sickness and time before
treatment.
5 '? ",
(()
?(5 5 ",.
950
:- >! * ) +!
.I ) P

The patient, physician, medicine and nurse are the four aspects of medical science.
d\s

194
96. - "; - Noble Birth
5"' ((,) ( (
?= @ +.
951
*? 2 $9 `1?E
. "' J! $9 $9 /; ** /

The principles of honesty in word and deed and a sense of shame are natural only to
the noble-born.
3= >D @ /

3' ?" '.
952
4 J! $9 C'
. :
:? ]10 ! >?* /
The noble-born never deviate from the path of good conduct, truthfulness and a
sense of shame.
(
> .
953
:4 "# <T 3*9 2 4 -
.' :? +1 ) 1)

Cheerful face, generous heart, sweet words and courtesy are the four signs of true
nobility.
; B ?"'
>( '.
954
4 3 # 19 4 J! $9

.24 3/S 4
Men of noble birth will never stoop to mean acts even if they are given immense wealth.
+ ,S" @ +
955
( ?( .
2*! 4 J! $9 C' `?
. - "24 ?Y >! :#4E ! /

Though their sources of charity diminish, noble families will continue to be charitable.

195
d\s
5
( >' 5
5 , '.
956
4 ? * C'
.9 : / /
Those who live up to the traditions of their family will never stoop to ignoble deeds of
deceit.
?"' + 5

?( '",.
957
=4 !
. Q : 4 '
. >! )24
The faults of the noble are exposed as clearly as the dark spots on the moon.
8
8 ? ;.
958
M?
, J? ? 9 +
.4 ,- >; *4 $9 *9

.
If one is found lacking in love for others, one's very noble birth will be doubted.
8( " ( ; ;
8( "'>
(.
959
9 "*4 C' * ) >! * *4
. 4 ? >! * +9 "? $* " '
As sprouts indicate the nature of the soil, speech reveals the nature of one's birth.
@ ;

; ' ..
960
+9 ? -
.< <I*9 4 9 -

One's goodness springs from the sense of shame and one's family's honour comes
out of humility.

196
d\s
97. - 4 - Honour

? B
(.
961
O 4O*W
6 !- *J! ,! !
@
.* "I "4
One should avoid mean acts that degrade the family honour, even if they are
inevitable.
B ( > ;
; '.
962
4 4 R / !- * / ,

. ]* "4
Those who desire honour and majesty will not do mean deeds even for the sake of fame.
8, ; (
8, ; '..
963
)# >4H 4! <I* -

I9
One should be humble in prosperity and maintain honour in poverty.
" ' "'

" .
.2# 4! *

964
+ ** ! )4 '

.=- ")2 $* , 0 4
Men of noble family, if fallen from their high position, are like the hair fallen from the head.
'
.
965
8 2 81 ! * '; '- - !- +

.MW 47 . ,' 20
The great will sink to nothing if they commit even the smallest fault.
197
d\s
)( )8 (;) >( 5()

' .

966
0 19 &2 + - 1' 3
K*J9 9 64 ? /

Men of high birth need not go after those who despise them, for it brings them no
fame or heaven.
' G "

?;( .
967
2# $9 " ; =4 ';
.&2 >! ! 1' - ? '9

It is much better for a man to die than to serve those who scorn him.
"5() ) "

O " 8,.
968
9 &!
@ ! ';
K* +
8 + 4 * 9
Life which is saved at the cost of honour is not a cure to immortality.
'? '
'?' .
969
19 $ 0 ! )* ';
." * 4! " '; '

As a deer kills itself at the loss of its hair, the noble will die to uphold their honour.
'
3, 8, .
970
:? + ! $40 ' >! " *? ' !

.+ $9 +%' Q#

The world will admire the glory of men who would prefer to die when they face
dishonour.
d\s

198
98. $ - - Greatness
5() 5()
", , (.
971
*; , $9 ?9
. ' '9 4 - -

Greatness lies in doing things with zeal. To live without ardent desire for good is
ignoble.
? ( ' ?<

>( 5 .
972
,/ $9 _
.+ !- 31*? + 4 3*?*

All are equal by birth. But the worth of each person depends on his trade.
G", (' (' ",

(' ( '.
973
64 )4 , ? 9 "4 =4 I9-
.4 :! ' ? 9 "4 +%4-
Even when lifted high, the low will never be great; the great, though placed low, will
never become mean.
? D
8 3 ;.
974
M2* * C' - +Q
.## ,- - +Q
Like chastity in women, greatness is found in one who is true to oneself.
D' 5' 5
(.
975
Q! !T +2 - <)* +Q
.2*E
Great men are capable of performing rare deeds in a proper and perfect manner.
d\s

199
' '
D ( ?
B .
976
+% :
2 / '

.+ * >! /
The petty-minded have no respect for the great and avoid seeking their company.
? )" 5 ?)"
( ' .
977
+J *
.- >! < * , ,0 ';
If unworthy men gain power and wealth, they will soon resort to insolent deeds.
D
D ",.
978
- <I*

.8 J #4 2
Great minds are always humble but the petty-minded take pride in their deeds.

'", (.
979
<I* $9 Q 4;
.H $9 H
A 4
Greatness is free from pride. Meanness is marked with pride.
5
5 ;.
980
?Y ! ** Q

.< # * ,2
Greatness never minds the faults of others but pettiness exposes them clearly.
d\s

200
99. "& - ,67 (

- Perfectness
( ( ",
5 '.
981
W. J- 6I9 ? :
All good deeds stay in those who are duty-conscious and perfect.
'
"8, * .
. >!
982
+ ? % :?
.9 ? 19 JI# & -

Good character is the virtue of the great. All other qualities are not so great.
) ?). >;

",() *.
983
: 4 E
.:1?
$9 - = ? ? &' 9
Love, modesty, benevolence, mercy and truthfulness are the five pillars of
perfectness.
( 8, '
( 8, ().
984
,# *2 * 4;
. * 4

Penance is a virtue arising from non-killing and perfectness lies in not speaking ill of
others.
5' 5( ( ,'
5 5 .
985

, % <I*
.- !
* S
Humility is the strength of the mighty and it is the weapon to demolish one's enmity.
d\s
201
(5 (
,(' @ (.

986
3*! % :1?

$9
.$4 %
The touchstone of one's perfection is to acknowledge defeat even at the hands of his
inferiors.
> ' >(

8 ().
987
.2? A <#4 3

K; - >; + ';
Nobility is of no value if it does not do pleasing deeds even to those who have
caused pain.
5() (B
? .
988
! = 2#

.:1?
+
2# $)W !.
7 - ';
A
Poverty is not at all a disgrace to one who possesses perfection of character.
B ' ()
?; '.
989
:? $9 H** /
.4 4 >;

Men who are called the ocean of perfect goodness will never change, even at the
time of deluge.
' "

+, .
990
:1?- "* ';
. 20- P
&'% ** 19
If the great fall from their noble nature, even this huge earth cannot bear its burden.

202
d\s
100. &3 - $ % - Courtesy
8( >( ' ;

) B .
991
< ,#
.I# ?

Accessibility to all is the easy way to gain the virtue called courtesy.
) ?8( <;
) B .
992
4 -
.
" 1! %
Love for all and noble tradition are the two ways of courtesy in one's life.
?8( ?) ( 8

8( ? ?).
993
I!
$9 8I + I * /
.2?
. +2 $9 * 4;
To be a human is not merely a matter of physical resemblance. It is found only in
courtesy.
; )" B'
) ; .
994
? ?Y >;

.+A 2? >! $40
The world will praise the excellence of men whose service results in justice and charity.
DJ
DJ
) ' ;.
995
F 4%E
.! - I / +9

Even in jest, mockery is painful; hence the courteous will not hurt even their enemies.
d\s
203
)'? ;(;) ,(

) >, .

996
P
Q#*
.P
" +%/
The world subsists only because of courteous men. Otherwise, it will perish.
6 ' B ('

()) ( '.
997
4T9 :? 9 +

W 0 '
.A
Those without manners, though sharp like files, are just like trees.
5' >'
5' ( .
998
& + ; - ' < :? * +
.' 9
It is a disgrace to be discourteous even to those who are unfriendly and harmful.
((' ('
65 () .
999
1) =4 C +
. 4 $9 4 +Q*9

The wide world is in darkness even by daytime to those who do not lovingly mix with
others.
5 ( (
" (" 5.
1000
:1?
$ * C' J)
.f 4E 9 C' 0

The great wealth of discourteous men is useless like the pure milk spoilt in an
unclean vessel.

204
d\s
101. "
- (
= - Futile Wealth
8> ,

8 "(,) (.
1001
9 4* <#*4 + "
.4 $9 8 - 4 + 4U9

One who hoards wealth but never uses it, is as good as a dead man.
(() (,)
? ?).
1002
?Y >! 2#4 + $ T Q C'
.40 */ $9 3 * /
The miser who thinks that wealth is all and hoards it without giving it to anyone is of
mean birth only.
'
5 ? .
1003
?Y >! :#4E $9 R +

4* $9 R
.P
>! 20 9
A man bent on earning wealth but not a worthy name is a burden to the earth.
@+ ( (
? .
1004
? =4 / C' ?
K* 3? '

One who is not loved by anyone cannot think of leaving any legacy behind.
;?* ,>?* ('() ;

1005
D B (.
<* * + - ?Y >! :#4 +
."#!I* - $9 ,J9 19
It is of no use to store immense wealth, if one neither gives nor enjoys it.
d\s

205
( ,< '()

( ( .
1006
* ) + T <* * +
.9 P 4U9

He who neither gives his wealth to those in want nor himself enjoys it is a curse to it.
5'() 5 (
5 /8 5.
1007
2# >! :#4 + C'
.b 1 $9 "4) ,- 0

The wealth of a man who gives nothing to the needy is like an unmarried pretty
woman growing old.
? ( ;
38 5.
1008
=4 / C' ?
.4 ) $9 , 0 , 0

The wealth of a man who is not liked by others is like a poison-tree bearing fruit in the
middle of a town.
8 55() (,)
' '.
1009
>2 +* / C' %' H

.+ ! :#4 / + /
The wealth accumulated without love, comfort and scruples will be taken away by others.

(' ,
+'" (,) 8,.
1010
1Q /; &29 = 6 ' $4H

., , 4!
The short-lived poverty of the honourable rich is like the benevolent clouds becoming dry.

206
d\s
102. 9 - #
- Sense of Shame
8( @( @" H(

(' @? .
1011
" # % $22 ;
.4 &!

Sense of shame is the fear of unworthy deeds. Other forms of shame are found only
in women.
@
'( (
@ "' ?).
1012
9 +* NJ %R = +)
.4k 3 %

Food, clothing and other needs are common to all men but modesty is the pride of
good men.
8 ( B
8, ().
1013
+
2 F
. : :1?
$9
All lives dwell in the body. Likewise, perfection dwells in modesty.
@ '() (
O; .
1014
K A W =K 3* + C' I =Modesty is the jewel of the noble. Without it, their majestic gait is only a disease.
'D D @' @

B .
1015
#4 >! &R >! + 5 $* C'
.

+A Q
@
He who feels ashamed of others' faults as his own is an embodiment of modesty.
d\s
207
G ,
' '.

1016
+ #4- 4 14
.4# 4 =

The great will never long for the worldly life without having modesty as a shield.
( 8 ,?' '? (
,' '.
1017
* $I / >!
. * $I

The great would give up their life for the sense of shame but not modesty for the
sake of life.
'8 ,
8 (,) 8,.
1018
4 =4 $* * $* +
.29* - $** I# U9

Virtue abandons the man who shamelessly does what others are ashamed of doing.
; ? ;
.
1019
4 - #*
.4 # +!

Misconduct injures one's clan; shamelessness destroys all good deeds.
8 (' ?
( ' 5.
1020
$9 = C' 4E ;

d
d W
. 4T #? )?
@ .* ?
Movements of those without a sense of shame are like the movements of the
puppets controlled by strings.
d\s

208
103.
- 9 - Promoting Family Welfare
* B
O;(,) (.
1021
"$*J! T )* *- / $4;" :
. $ / U9

Nothing is greater than one's tireless efforts to uplift one's own family.
D .
( J .
1022
: T * '; ,- T <#*
.H

Untiring effort and ripe wisdom are the two basic needs to promote one's family.
>( B 58 >

58 =" ,.
1023
*- T * b?
.&2 >; *! %T* 2 U9

Even God would rush to help a man who works hard to elevate his family.
L( =>, 8
(,) 5 '.
1024
*- T * >; 5
.&4! H #4 ' :2*9

One who labours for the betterment of the family will succeed in one's efforts
naturally.
5 > >,
5
5 .
1025
=4 )
.8 +Q H *J! *

People seek the relationship of a man who raises the glory of his family righteously.
d\s
209
( (,) 58 "

( (.

1026
2
. ** 9 $* *J! ( >* - $%

True manliness is the ability to raise the honour of the family in which one was born.
8, ' 8 8,
5' 5 .
1027
2*! >! * *- ( C2 $! >*
.*2 - >* C 5 -

The burden of the battle falls on the brave. Likewise, the burden of the family falls on
the able member.
>' ( >,
+ ;.
1028
6*J! * $9 +2 " =
.J #*9 4 ? - $9

. '; 4U9
There is no time or season to promote one's family as laziness and false prestige will
bring disgrace.
; ( ;8
5 ? ).
1029
! ! +/Y E >
!J " ! &

The body of one who protects the family from troubles will never feel the burden.
;( S3 ;8*

( .
1030
" * 5 = $* J
.1 $9 <2* %!

A family will face misfortune and also disintegrate without good men to support it.
d\s

210
104. - 4 - Farming
'? (,) (
", .
1031
M?
: ! ] ! >! + *
W I9- $% !9
., "2 9 "4 3
Though laborious, farming is an excellent industry, for all the people in the world
depend on it for food.
3' 8'() 5(,)

3 ( 8,.
1032
+ 0 % F1#
.! 9 / ' =4 ( 4
The farmers are the linchpin of the society, as they support all those who practice
other professions.
3,; '5 (
3,; ( '.
1033
& " T 2 4;
.5
. I# ?Y
Only the farmers who plough the field and eat live; the rest depend on others for their
sustenance.
6 + '
'.
1034
" 4 ,0 C' + F1#
. Q "* "1Q <

Prosperous and kind-hearted farmers will bring all other states under the control of
their own king.
' ?'() ' ,

>* '.
1035
8- 8- *

@ T '
@ / + -
.+ 4! #? / 8J + J )
Tillers who eat by manual labour never beg out only give alms to those who seek.
211
d\s
' + ( *
' .

1036
$! ! 1# C- "#. ';

.%@ >*
' , 19
If farmers remain without doing any cultivation, even the ascetics will suffer.
?)3 8.
, ? ;.
1037
##* +0 P
0
. H 9

N*4*
Ploughing and drying the fields sufficiently will yield plentifully even without manuring.
B ( ;(
B ?).
1038
,I !
"- ' ] I9-
.$2 I9- P
U9
Manuring is more gainful than ploughing. After weeding, guarding is more vital than
watering.
( ? )",
( ;.
1039
&! 2 >; 3*? / 2 ';
. $9 ,- =* $9 = 4U9

If the landowner fails to visit his fields, they will sulk like a neglected wife and yield
nothing.
() ?
B ( .
1040
:2 1 ! >! I* P

;
.S 8J - / &#-

The maiden earth will laugh to herself when she finds the lazy sitting idle pleading
poverty.

212
d\s
105.
- & - Poverty
(,)
,.
1041
K2# 1; - % :J ';
. 1; - % 2# 4; :9

Poverty alone is the most painful and no other suffering is so miserable as poverty.
D
D .
1042
+0S 29 4E

- ';
A
.,?Y $9 / 4 $9 $2 9
Poverty is the sinner who destroys the joys of this life and those of the next world.
(. 6 ;
(. B .
1043
8? < 2# - ';
. 4 9 & %- 29

The state of poverty will totally destroy the honour and glory of an ancestry.
5"' D "

5 '. .
1044
4 - 2 2#
. '. % :)4 >*

Poverty will force even men of high-birth to the moral weakness of speaking mean
words.
(. B ;D (8

,+ ;.
1045
M'8 % 2#
.M?
" < ; T
The pain of poverty brings in its course many kinds of sufferings.

213
d\s
5 '", (GB ('"'

5 '. ;.
1046
4 #* / =4 4! 2# +1 /

W +*
.H +A
Although sound in thought, the words of the poor will go unheeded.
(. B
? ;.
1047
8? - '; ? C' < 2#
.4! P* R 4T - ; Q4*9
Even a mother treats her son as a stranger if his poverty is not related with virtue.
, ( 6
, 6 ?).
1048
+ $4 % :1J + +4 2#

K=
$4* C' 2# '
People in utter penury always fear whether there will be no end to their poverty.
?B ,6 ?B

(;) ,.
1049
4 $9 +4 - <)*
.2# $9 4! P H - <)* / 4
One may sleep even in the midst of fire but not in the midst of poverty.
,?) (' ,8 ,
?5 5.
1050
! 4 $9 %* / 2#

.4 +) B * 4- -
The poor who do not renounce the world completely depend on their neighbours for food.
214
d\s

106. - - Begging
8' ?
' .
1051
)!E ! <4* ' 4 `? 4! *

7
.! / ! + U9

One may beg from the worthy. If they refuse, they alone are to be blamed.
5() 8( "
, .
1052
M'8 H * >! * ';

.* * U9
If one gets alms without suffering, even begging will become a delight.
? ' =()
?) ' 8,.
1053
&4! $#? / `? + - *

@
.2# 4 *(
There is beauty in begging, if one begs from those who are liberal and dutyconscious.
86 6 8(
6 5' ;.
1054
+4 $9 &4! $#? / + - *
.)!E 0 ? '

Begging is as good as giving alms when one begs from those who never deny alms
even in dreams.
?' 8, ( ()
?' 5 ,.
1055
+. P
$9 >2 W =4 * 4;
.+%4! #? / * )
As there are men who never refuse alms, the poor resort to begging.
d\s

215
?; ( ?;
( + ;.
1056
- >; A *4 '; * ! 2# +/S *
.)!E 4l* / +%4! #? / '
At the sight of the generous who never deny charity, all the evils of poverty will vanish.
"(,) ",
J ?(,) 8,.
1057
* N **
.+ */ ? H + ) ';
The heart of a beggar rejoices, when he meets men who give alms without contempt.
? ( '+
? " 5.
1058
< + '% U9 * + ';

.#? )? ** ? *
Without beggars the vast world will only resemble a puppet show.
' B 5 ",

' .
1059
+ %- ?# * /

.* * 4% + ';
If there are no beggars, there will be no glory at all to the givers.
? ; ?;
D 6 .
1060
* >! - IH /

. 9 ,! &29 +/S U9
A beggar should not get angry when not given, for his own poverty serves as an
evidence.
d\s

216
107. - % -7 - The Fear of Begging
,) "D ' @

.
(
1061
, I9- * +!
.F# I ) $)

Not begging even from the most generous ones who give lovingly without refusing is
worth ten million times.
", '( ",

; 5 .
1062
* =4 P - '% :? -
.* :? 59

If the Creator of the world intends begging as human fate, He Himself should wander
and perish.
; ",' B
(.
1063
"* $4! 2# - $4;"
.* 0 $ - 4% =9

Nothing is harder to understand than remaining effortless saying that they can end
poverty by begging.
( 8 8 (
6 (
().
1064
"4J &' ) $ +Q!- * +! >! +!
.*
@ &4! +
Even the whole world is too small before the great who never beg even in poverty.
' ;)5 B "(,)

G + (.
1065
d
* `?
'- $ /
. 0 J ##? ,!
Even watery gruel obtained by one's own sustained effort is sweeter than anything else.

217
d\s
5 () ?B 5()

" (.
1066
* >! 2- $ =

.*2 $2
It will be very disgraceful to the tongue even to beg water for feeding a cow.
? ? ( ?
?' .
1067
* / - * 4! *- 4.,0 &4! $#? ? + -
If at all one has to beg, one should not beg from the unwilling misers.
B ?( B
'? ;.
1068
F1 = $* *

4#
@
.)!E <4 $2 2 ,? + - + 4*
The unsafe raft of begging will break if it strikes the rock of denial.
. .
* ;.
1069
6*
+/S @ '* '; 2 :
@
@
.&4! $#? C' A '* '; 2 2
Mere thought of begging melts one's heart but the thought of refusal breaks the heart
itself.
?' + ( ?'

(? '.
1070
* F * "/"
K/ :* 2 F %'* T9

Saying 'no' to a beggar would take away his life; the same word would also kill one
who says 'no'.

218
d\s
108. - 9
! - Meanness
(' '
? + (.
1071
%Q $9 =4 - )

.+%R $9 + 4 2 ".
The base resemble others in outward form and there is no such similarly found anywhere.
5 ' .'
1072
8(,) '.
12 , 0- +% =4 )-
. ? +
The baser ones are luckier than those who know what is good, as the former never
care for any wrongs.
' ' ' "

>3 .
1073
P
>! ) T
.+ #4- M * + 4- ]
The base resemble gods, for they too act according to their own will and pleasure.
?
? ;
.
1074
+ ) =4 #- M- ';
.&1!- + 4T ?#*

When the mean-minded find others meaner than them, they feel very proud of
themselves.
,

.( ,.
1075
6) $J % 3?
. $9 +% + )

Fear is the code of conduct for the base. Desire is another motive for good conduct.
d\s
219
' '
' >8, .

1076
) 0 +%
.% $*
# + 4
The mean-minded are like a drum that is beaten, as they make others' secrets public.
'+ ' '

' ( '.
1077
8J ) /
.8R 4 '?- '; /;

The ignoble never give charity except to those who would break their jaws.
(? ;' ' )(

(? ; .
1078
+ J + ; '; * !
. 0 ! /; "? # /
Perfect men help immediately on a request but the mean render help only when they
are forced.
;?* * '(

; 5 .
1079
3* = T 8- $ M- ';

.4 ! )9
Seeing others having good food and fine clothing, the mean would envy them and
point out only their faults.
55 ' 5(
55() ' ",.
1080
$ 2 / '
.J 4! + #4-
During calamity the mean who are fit for nothing would hasten to sell even themselves.

Thirukkural

Part III

LOVE
222
d\s

109.
-
- Beauty's Dart

1081

!"

She is so beautiful that he wonders whether she is an angel or a peahen or a
bejewelled lady.

!
1082
#$ #$ "

%
.) * ( + &$'(
The responding glance of the beautiful lady is like a nymph coming with a band of army.
$%
'
)*
1083
$(
. $) -$ ) ./ $(
He never knew the god of death. Now he sees the god of death in the maiden's guise
and warring eyes.
,- %! .
!
(
1084
.$) & .0

.&0 #$ . .1"2"
This innocent maiden has devouring eyes which take away the life of those gazing at her.
$%
01 !
1085
&$) #
!3# 4 5!
In the young maiden's glance, there are Death, bliss and timidity of a deer.

223
d\s
*2,
. *

1086
."2"! ."!2"

$(
7
.$"4
The maiden's eyes do not harm her lover, if her eyebrows are bent.
%% )
6
1087
58 9) ": 2" ; < .'(

. = : . 9) 92 .>? <= =
The cloth on the firm breast of the maiden looks like a veil covering the forehead of a
mad elephant.
-%
' )8
, ) 9*
1088
"2 .5 @5)A &$ B4 " " .0

.C1 &$
?&$
The forehead of this maiden shatters her lover's strength feared even by his mighty
enemies.
- )
'
(
1089
": D& 3

.& &"#$ &
No jewels can add to the beauty of this maiden who has meek looks and modesty.
*
:
1
(
1090
&:E 5 F0 4 " F

.#% G 5$)
H .(
Wine gives joy only when it is tasted but love gives joy even at sight.
224
d\s

110.
-

- Divining the Heart
, ; ,
'
,'
(
1091
@5 50 ."#$ & 3( &$) .0
.@5 I4A

Her painted eyes have two different looks; one injures, the other heals.
< ; 1 !

1
1092
=( 3!"4 &"# .0
.
J B8$ .
Her secret momentary look gives more joy than half of the sexual pleasure.

.8 )>

1093
8 >JK
= 90
%
7 #$
.&"2!
= < 3"$
7 !K (
She looked and when he looked she lowered her head. Her action was like watering
their love-plant.

1094
&! ?$" &0 #$ (
.3!" 0 #$" & &0 #$

When he looks at her, her head droops to the earth. When he turns, she looks at him
with a gentle smile.
* ,
!

1095
& #$ M5" F
.
!"" &$) B 0
7 #$"
She casts a stealthy glance at her lover and smiles gently at him.

225
d\s
@8
. *
1096
3H( 2 #H" $(

.2 3: &"( & #H 1
She appears to speak harshly like a stranger but her words are really friendly.
A 1 %

1 % .2
(
1097
<JH #$ 5) .5 <$'"
..2E &"! ME 1) . 1(
Seemingly harsh words and angry looks are only inner expressions of true lovers.
% .

1098
.$
!"" &0 #$
0

.3: &"( .! & .(
The slender maiden has a gracious look. She smiles at her lover when he looks at her.
.

1099
<H( &2E) 90 32E #$" . .2E 3 .

. # 3 .5
They look at each other as strangers, but really they are lovers. Such practice is
found only among lovers.
*
A%
8
1100
. 2E" 0

..! ( 3 1
Words are of no use when lovers convey the message of love through their eyes.

226
d\s
111.
-
- Joy of Sex
*)* *! %C 28

>
1101
M
E C! #$ 5
..F .! @$! D
The joy of five sensuous pleasures is present in the fair maiden with pretty bangles.
,'

!
,'
1102
P@5 -!:$ N N O F
.& F0 O F @$! -"8 ; N .(

Normally the cure for all ills is elsewhere. But, for his illness caused by her, she
herself is the cure.
E: @

1103
" 3 -E" " 3$
3 ) 5

C"
The joy of resting on the soft shoulders of the beloved is sweeter than the joy of
heaven itself.
F 1 8
*. %
1104
PO=" &$ $5 "E &$) 5" 0
3H $ D & . .

Away from her, he burns with love. When she is closer, he feels cool. She has got
such a strange fire in her.
) G

) .
1105
." 5? .:"(
.&) 8 +) " < "

The flower-decked maiden instantly gives her lover various joys as he desires.

227
d\s
1 1.!
:
(
1106
3$
&:"( .'(
.-%"E$
7 &2$") 0
The maiden's shoulders are made of divine nectar; embracing her revives his
drooping spirit.
,' ! %

6
1107
@E
G ( 3" @J D
J 3" .'(
.- . -?" 5
Embracing the fair maiden is as delightful as sharing one's food with guests at home.
EG ,
.
6
(
1108
&$ @& 45" F ; .

J$0
Q
.3"
Embracing so tightly that not even air passes between them gives great joy to true
lovers.
2
$> %
1109
55 #H B ? <JH
.. ?" 5 " CG"

M$
=
Feigned dislike, reconciliation and love-making are the fruits enjoyed by the lovers.

1
%
)*
1110
P& 3 55?"

% ) 55?" (
.=( &0 <
7 @$! D . $5" (
8"
% 3$7?
As repeated learning reveals one's earlier ignorance, sex with the fair maiden gives
new pleasure every time.

228
d\s
112.
-

!" - Praising her Beauty
A 8
E:
1111
3: $ " $" ? &"
." $ B .(

The beloved maiden is more tender than the sensitive anicham flower.
!
- I 1
1112
3 $) =" &$ .#" ?A I" !
."H"
S54$"
7
The lover is confused at the sight of flowers as they resemble the eyes of his
beautiful maiden.
6 6! 61 %

! )
1113
.?4 = &) "
.U $) M) & T/ &$$! N &$

She has tender shoulders, shining appearance, pearly teeth, natural fragrance and
piercing eyes.
:'
J 1
1114
&$ .G % G G"!% V @? ? &" 0

.3$7?
7 D $) .! F .&$ .)
Even lilies will bend their heads thinking that they cannot match the eyes of his
beautiful maiden.
A.I
K.%

1115
< &J C " $" ? $?"

." M5 84 $F
7
On wearing anicham flowers with the stalks, her thin waist may break and she may die.
229
d\s
C ' 68

1116
5 . ?" . C"!" F &$A <(( &)

.@$! D -
The stars are puzzled unable to differentiate between the moon and the maiden's face.
1
' .
1< 6!
1117
&& 3:( 5
!71( E 5 - 5 (

There are no dark spots on the fair maiden's face like those on the waxing and
wanning moon.
6

1118
'J
!5
G
."A && @J (
He will love the moon if it shines as brightly as his maiden's sweet face.
6!
!
1119
? ."&E &$) ;!" . 5 .0 !5
.$ 9) C" F & 8

If the moon wants to be like his maiden's face, it should not be seen by others except
her lover.
A6 ! LC

> ,.
1120
?A +GG " $" ?' &5 E

.&"$ 5E
Even the delicate anicham flower and the swan's soft feathers are like thorns to the
maidens' soft feet.
230
d\s

113.
- #$ - Glorification of Love
* ' %
1

1121
32$ &J) .
E & .'(
.! . W?

The saliva at his soft maiden's teeth is like the sweet mixture of milk and honey to the
lover.
*
%
'* )2
(
1122
&$ $ 31
.U 5! . 31(
The intimacy between the lovers is similar to the union of the body and the soul.
,%
EG
,K%
1123
!$) 35 8
. " B! &$A ;5K

The image in the pupil of the lover's eye should go away giving place to his love.
:
% !
1124
38 "2E) <$ $( 0
.! &" . ! 3 & 2

Union with his lady is like living and parting with her is like death to him.
; . .

1125
."5" .$ " .! !$ 0
!$ . 9$ .( (" . C"!

If the lover forgets her rare qualities, he can recall them. But he never forgets them.

231
d\s
- . ,
K
1126
* 0 X5 $) & F

-$) ;#$ :
.. M -$A <JH 1
The lover always remains in his love's eyes. Even when she winks, he is not hurt.
- -
G . '
1127
$) "( F
.&$2 ; $) < -$A
As the lover is within her eyes, she does not paint them fearing he would disappear.
!

'

1128
X .(!
.DJ . 34 (Y F
The lover lives in her heart; so she avoids hot food for fear of harming him.
. . !%
8J N
(
1129
X
$ F P
$ $) JK 0 $) . -
.;'
H !2 -$&" "
She never winks her eyes fearing her lover will disappear but the villagers call him
heartless.
' ! 1 '

8J N
1130
. F " X5 .(!

.$) -: - !2 -$&"
The lover always resides in her heart. Even then, the villagers blame him as a
heartless deserter.

232
d\s
114.
- &
'
% - Decorum Defied
' ,'
@
(
1131
< N .
'" ; <
.4$ .8 Z "5" <( . F0

There is no solution for those suffering from lovesickness except riding the
palm-horse.
2 , 1
1!
1132
U F
! -) 8 F M:

."5" F0 &$8 F

Unable to bear the grief of separation, the lover's body and mind are prepared to
mount the madal.
* * 1
6% 1
1133
"5" F0 F

X":8 "$( 3) E @
.-" S" 1 < -( ;

Once the lover was full of manliness and modesty. Now he has only the lovers' palmhorse.
*2
*
8 2
1134
3) E @ :.2
.< ! & !

Fierce floods of love will sweep away the raft of both modesty and manliness at once.
1'> ' *

1135
"5" $"\( .25 .! D
. $")
The palm-horse and the pangs of evening are the gifts of the bangled maiden.
233
d\s
O ! ;

1136
"5" <( ( & $7

. B8"$ 9"
Even at midnight, the lover thinks of riding the palm-horse. He is sleepless thinking of
the maiden.
' .
,'
1137
"5" <(" F &$ 9=$A ?
.5E
7 & 90 & .(
Nothing is so noble as the womanly nature that does not resort to madal when
suffering from love.

' 1 *
1138
9E:" D .) K W4 5
. @ :E $) <

Despite modesty and gentleness, intense love breaks its secrecy and comes out in
public.
,
1 1 ,*
1139
$ . 3$J E K
..$( .5 F

&$ $#
Thinking that no one knows her secret love, her passion tends to exhibit itself.

) 1
1140
)
7 .(J @&:!
. ( '

&$A
The ignorant make fun of her in her presence, for they have never suffered the pangs
of love like her.

234
d\s
115.
- (

) - Announcement of Rumour
, % .
!
1141
X"$F . $ $ SE

!;!'
) .
& # .! .
Rumour preserves his precious life. It is his good fortune that many do not realize this.
,
'J N
1142
? ."&E .$ @$! D .!

&) H
.$'E $5)! )E

Not knowing the value of the fair maiden, the rumour of the townsfolk has gifted her
to the lover.
'
% !
1143
32 )E0 $:$"

.& " $'( $"5!
The lover profits by the public rumour. As a result of it, he feels as if he possessed her.
J J
J8 '
1144
&")] & 5"E
.5& F
His love grows because of this rumour. Or else, it will become pale and weak.
!1 ; )%

.*' 1
1145
4 90 ME 55? M2 55? (
.. 3" 55? 3)E^ 55? ( (

Each cup of liquor adds to the joy of the drunkard. Likewise, every rumour adds to
the delight of lovers.

235
d\s
8 , 8
. 2 %1
1146
4 E$ .: .( F0 -"!
.2 B!4 4 -$'(

She met her lover only once. But the rumour spread like the news of a lunar eclipse.

,
;'
1147
$ 3)E0 -"5!

7 Z < N $
.
A 0 -"2!
The plant of lovesickness grows, manured by rumours and watered by mother's
scolding.
K . %
K .
1148
)E^ 540
!.! $ 54](

The flame of love cannot be put out by rumour, just as fire cannot be put out by
pouring ghee on it.
2
!
1149
4" F : . $4 .( .0
)E^ . "!

As the lover has assured her not to fear and has left, she need not be ashamed of
the rumour.
> *

*J N
1150
P5 = ;4 E$
.- $4'! ./

She wanted the rumour to be spread by the village so that he would agree to take her
with him.

236
d\s
116. - * - Pangs of Separation
%1
< :
1151
$) < " . 5 0 X$) < " F $( .0 $% 7(
.) 5$) .(! .
(
%
The lover must tell her only if he does not part; if it is about his speedy return, he
must inform the survivors.
!
2 ! 2<
1152
! _" -"#$ $(
.-"! ; M: A

A _" -"2$ ./
Once the mere look of her lover was a joy. But now the thought of separation makes
even the union fearful.
% < -
!
1153
P!M: . < M:" 5
.8 M: F -$0 < 9) ("F 8
Though he knows the pain of separation, he leaves and so his words cannot be trusted.
! . !
1
1154
:& & 9) )

7 5 <!
&4
= 4" F
As the lover, who consoled her not to fear, has left, none can blame her faith in him.
' %
2<
1155
M: . C$ " #:" . 5" $( .0
.5 - S" F "! $ .0 -$A

If the lover wants to save her life, he must not leave. If it happens, she will not be
alive for reunion.

237
d\s
<
8
1156
$) - .) 9" - !.0

. 0 5 F Y 4 52
If he is so hard-hearted to talk of his departure, it is vain to hope for his return and
revival of love.
' L% 6

1157
@E 9) 5 .0 X;5)! . "! !$

.$) ;5! M 9) 5 $0
The departure of her lover is proclaimed by the loosening of her bangles.
: 8
. <
(
1157
38 @H . .(!
.
#) < 3: 38
It is bitter to live with no friends in a place and it is more bitter to be without one's lover.
>%>
>% %1
1159
X&! . $ M"

.&$) 5" . & N M
Fire injures only when touched. But lovesickness burns the lovers when separated.
%
. %.
,' :
1160
M:
S " .
&$
.B!'" F -) 8
Many women survive tolerating separation and bearing its pain.

238
d\s
117. $
- #
- Pining
.
%1

.
1161
!K N
"( .
(
!-)$ . @ : ( : -$(
She is trying to hide her lovesickness but it swells like a spring.
! %'

! -! ,
1162
N
"( . C"! F
.@ - 4 . C"! F

She can neither conceal her lovesickness nor tell her lover about it because of her
shyness.
6 - ! L
!
1163
B$ ! .2 < @
.&" F ;
Her frail body is unable to bear torments of her soul torn between love and shame.
8 '
. 28
1164
T" 5 I
. - ) 5 F

The vast sea of love exists in her. But she has no safe raft to cross it.
. <
) %1
1165
258 .(
$Y .
.5) 8 0 - B(

He who causes pain even in friendship will do greater harm in enmity.

239
d\s
%1 *
%
1166
( C!
H
. . C! -
The joy of love is as great as the ocean. But the pain of separation is far greater than
the ocean.
*2 '
!

1167
X-! I F
& J4
.3E
! S " B 9"
While swimming in the flood of love, she is unable to see the shore. At midnight she
pines all alone.
8 % !

(
1168
;0 F0 @E ( $
G D "
."E $" $'(
Night makes all beings sleep. But she is awake to give company to the night.
> * > '

> C
1169
9! @ 3K 3 D
.$ ; <2 !2 .

The long and slow moving nights are crueller than the heartless lover, who has
deserted her.
1 A %
'
(
1170
< 5 $) ?"
.S5 ! $) N4" F ;( D?" (

If her eyes could travel like her thought to her lover's abode, she need not shed tears.

240
d\s
118. %
- #'+ ,'- - Grieving Eyes
:
)
1171
$" "$ ($] !$)

./ .("
7
."! K N <! ;
Her eyes saw him and broguth her incurable lovesickness. So they should not weep now.
' ' .
.
1172
3 (:" .5 90 ;$) $
.'"" &$ .E" F

After thoughtlessly falling in love, her eyes should not regret for their folly.
! !
! !
G
1173
X E < 3 90 ") ;$)
J P- A .("

It is ridiculous to see that the eyes which eagerly loved him, now weep for him.
% ,' %

1!
1174
- . C"! F ; ME N "= ;$)

.&)5 : 5 ./ .(
The eyes that brought her the incurable pain are now completely dry because of
constant weeping.
% %

1175
-2 F ;$) "!(
.NK^ ."!" F .&!"
The eyes that plunged her into the vast sea of love suffer without sleep now.

241
d\s
'

%)

1176
!5 .: $0

.J "J $"J ." .$ .A
It is sweet that the eyes which are responsible for her pain should themselves grieve
in sorrow.
' ' 1 ''

>
1177
&)5 B " 9" . B"

%
!& 3 . E (
The eyes which once feasted on her lover lovingly now suffer pain and dry up.
) %

(
1178
-2 &
. 90 #$ F0 $) 2" F
He did not love her sincerely, yet her eyes are restless to see him.

%
.-1(
1179
$? .0 ;$)
$" 1
.."" &$ ;$) P?

%
.
Her eyes do not sleep whether he comes or not. They suffer all the time.

!
1180
3&! ( 3 32 BE"(
. .J" &$'( !A .E:" &$) .A
She cannot conceal her secret from the townsfolk, as her eyes reveal her sufferings.

242
d\s
119. '
'. * - Suffering from Pallor
' ' '

(
1181
Q .)
P$ :8 5)
$'E "
G 4 B(
She willingly consented to part with her lover and now she cannot complain of her
lovesickness.
' 8 '

, .2
1182
4" :8 ;E "
.E: < =Y . &$A

This pallor is the gift of her lover and so it spreads all over her body.
-
C C '
1183
& $J) @

.< N
<E
G
G
He took away her beauty and modesty giving her pain and lovesickness in return.
; .

.2
(
1184
4 -: F -E -) $= ("
<E $8 B(
Though she always thinks and speaks of her lover, pallor quietly seizes her.

.I
1185
$) I" 90 #$
!:8 B( $ 90 #$

=
As soon as her lover leaves her, pallor spreads all over her body.

243
d\s
% ,
6% .2
1186
< !" <E #"$
.-5! 4 $ @:0

1# #"$ (
Just as darkness waits for the failing light, pallor waits for an interval in the lover's
embrace.
2@ ' 2' J

% .2
1187
*
32$ 5 1 :"
.<E
;5 .)!

The moment she moved away from her lover's embrace, pallor seized her
immediately.
' !
'
(
1188
$ H" $

.$) M . . F
Everyone blames her for her lovesickness. But no one blames the lover for leaving her.
)
.!

1189
$ @% G %
.M 9) $ . .( .0
She is willing to suffer from pallor, so as to let her lover prosper in a distant land.
.. 1 .!
L%
1190
$ 5! $

.$) M . F
She may bear with people ridiculing her pallor, if people do not blame her parted
lover as unkind.

244
d\s
120. - #.0 / - Pining Alone
E: E. % %
!
1191
- . <
< 0

.& $ F 3&( 9) < 8 $'(
They who love and are loved alone are blessed. They gain the seedless fruit of love.
: '% E:

E:
1192
- <
52
.$
52 = &
The lover's kindness to his beloved is similar to the timely rain to the world.
EG E. * C
G 8 ,
(
1193
M:" F S""!F
.& ? & " F0

Women who are loved by their husbands alone may boast that they possess life's
very best.
E. * E:
E.
1194
.& ? .&

"1

.." .&" .

Even the women loved by the purest are considered as evil ones if not loved by their
husbands.

1195
-
. $5! B(
Her love is of no use at all if she is not loved by her beloved husband.
.!$

d\s
, .
, 8
245

1196
Q
. . .( .0 P3 B
. <
..:"( 9) ."$?" .":( = 3 &
One-sided love causes sufferings. Mutual love is pleasant like the balanced weight
on shoulder-poles.
,
, G
1197
5
7 ME 92
.$? F Fa E F
The god of love tortures only the maiden without knowing her pallor and grief.
E:
:
1198
&
1( S! .5 9) 8" "
. $ 9!
There is no one bolder than a woman who endures life without her lover's sweet words.
8 ) *
C

(
1199
F < .( .0

.-$)
1( C! . 5! .
Though her lover does nothing to delight her, even a word from him is a sweet
melody to hear.
1
.
A

(
1200
" <2 90 = (E" ! 9
. . . S5 .? @G

Instead of telling her grief to her loveless lover, it is better to fill the sea of sorrow with
tears.

246
d\s
121.
#'+ (
' - Sad Memories of Love
8 . ,:

8
1201
X<2 < (" 5
.B1! . 9 < .0

Even the very thought of love brings joy but wine delights only when drunk. So love is
sweeter than wine.
! 1 E:
. ,1
(
1202
.?A V < (

. 5 <
His pain disappears at the thought of the beloved. Such a love is sweeter in all aspects.
. 1
. 1 *
1203
PB" $"

.:K $(57 .'(
She felt like sneezing but could not. Probably her lover wanted to think of her but forgot.
6 !

!
1204
.(! 5
- $ $(! &

He always dwells in her heart but she doubts if she has a place in his heart.
! >
!

(
1205
. - .

! K" . "! 1
He is not ashamed of coming into her heart even though he keeps her out of his heart.

247
d\s
% 8
%
*
1206
! 92"
* F < C 5!

(
.
She lives only by remembering the happier days of her union with her lover.
. % .
8 *
1207
M < M (

1 -"!$ 0 9 B(
Her heart burns at the thought of his separation. She will not survive if she forgets him.
! .8 !

C .2
1208
P$ ( 1 < ( H

&

-"$)0
Her lover never resents however much she thinks of him. It is a great honour her
lover confers on her.
C 8
% '
1209
5 55 .( . " SJ 52

."5 < .$"
Her precious life passes on thinking too much of him who once promised they would
be one forever.
.
1210
.) = .( !2 &

.$) <H" F
The moon should not set till her eyes find her parted lover who lived with her.

248
d\s
122. (
- #.'. 1 - Relating Her Dreams
L* ' 8

,'
1211
1: :" B(

!< 3! 0
7 ;
She would like to honour the dream that comforts her with a message from her beloved.
.! '
%1
(
1212
$ ;$) $ 0
. 2 322 .) -"=5
She tries to sleep so that she can tell her painful sufferings to her lover in her dream.

@
1213
< ? 9"
.
1A F0 $? F ;
Her lover does not show his love when she is awake. Yet she lives because she
meets him in her dreams.

>! %
1214
< ? $E"

1A
.3#2 $? F -$A

She loves dreams for she meets her lover, who is missing in waking hours.
L <'
G
1215
<2 O&" 3#2 D $(
.
$ F0 O&" F ./
It is a joy to see her lover during waking hours. It is also delightful to see him in her
dreams.
249
d\s

1216
. $ M: F
.#2"!F F0
If there was no such time as waking hours, her lover, who appeared in her dreams,
would never part.
>
. 9.
.
1217
$ $ 3#2 $? F <

C$8
Her unkind lover gave her no pleasure in waking hours. So he has no right to trouble
her in her dreams.

! '

1218
$
0 2$
. 90 S!"
7 #2"!
When she is asleep, he rests on her shoulders. When she is awake, he hides in her heart.

1219
1A & ?"

"
.3#2 -0 ("E"
Women who have never met their lovers in dreams complain of her lovers' absence
while awake.
!
JN
1220
M: < .&" 32
1 $? D

Villagers blame her parted lover for parting her while awake as they do not see him
coming in her dreams.

250
d\s
123. ) %*
- #'2
,+3 - Evening Woes
' ,-
G
1221
.? ! @!
.& ? 3: 3

& 2
Evening is the worst time which tortures the wives who are separated from their
husbands.
2 ,

1222
P=
'"" .?" !-V @! &
= <2 !

Evening time is sad and pale and so its lover must also be unkind like her lover.
,.
,
,!
1223
@5& $EH .( ; @!
. ( $? $5? 0 S! ./

The evening that came trembling with dimness before boldly adds to her bitterness
and miseries now.

,
!
1224
@! < <K 0
.? 90 E ? @! .'(

In the absence of her lover, evening arrives like an enemy in the field of slaughter.
A
1
A
1225
U8 90 &"5 3$! ;

G !;5
@! 90 &5

She fails to understand why morning should bring her relief and evening misery.

251
d\s

'
'
1226
@! @0 )

.< M 5 F0
She never experienced the pain of evenings till her lover parted with her.
,.
,'
1227
U8
)( 5 N
.@! 5? M'"
= ?( 8
=
Her lovesickness buds in the morning, grows all day and blossoms in the evening.
! L

1228
$ b8 @! 5$) < ) ?

.(" 1! 8
The shepherd's flute, once sweet, has now become a weapon to slay her in the evening.
,* ,*

, :
1229
2 (! ; @! @ 0

.&
( (! " C2"!

When the deluding evening sets in, the whole village grieves for her lovesickness.
,
,
C

1230
P0 C
3E <!( A $ ; <
.! . W4" U .'( @! -"(" 0
Thinking of her parted lover bent on making wealth, she is slowly dying in this
bewildering evening.

252
d\s
124.
&
4
"
- Losing Physical Beauty
1 A )
1

1231
$( $ 5 90 $) ! ; < (
.@
?A 90 .#$" F "8 $)
M$ < 9"

7
Thinking of her lover, who had gone away, her eyes have lost their grace and feel
shy to see flowers.
'
' ,
1232
)5 .(!" &$ H" ." 3 $)
.< < !2 32 90 .("E" &$'(

Her pale and moist eyes seem to declare the unkindness of her beloved lover.
' .
' E
1233
&?

3 &2") $(
.M: 9) c8" 3:$ 8 ./

Her shoulders that swelled on her marriage day have now shrunk as if to proclaim his
separation.
. '> , !
>
1234
< M: & )J " &)

.!A &$ !$ 9" :$ ./
Her lover's separation takes away the beauty of her arms and her golden bracelets slip down.
> * >*

>
1235
J .? 5! .52 M" 3)A B$
.< < ! . &(

Her loosened bracelets and faded beauty proclaim the cruelty of the heartless lover.

253
d\s
>*
> $ '
1236
$
"E $$? -$0
.3:$ ") . "! 1!$ A
She can bear her arms becoming thin and bangles slipping down but not her lover
being rebuked.
* 1 >
*) I !
1237
<2 ! 4" . C"!" !
9) U5" @JJ . ") B$ _5

Her heart should carry her miserable message to the unkind parted lover and thus
earn glory.
6
'>.
. '
K
1238
1 " J

.! &$ :8
Even when he loosened his embracing arms slightly, her forehead turned pale at once.
6! . .2%
,
1239
&$ $ @& K" P&"2$) 5

.$? )5 .!(" $) 82"
Even when cool air entered through them in tight embrace, her tearful eyes became
pale at once.
. ,

-
*
1240
C1 &$ <E $) 5$)

.H"
Seeing the bright forehead turning pale, her eyes became pale showing her anguish.

254
d\s
125. ,-
* #.. 1 - Speaking to the Heart
!1 !1
J
,'
1241
_" F !
!.? J :E @5 .)

She seeks prescription of some medicine to cure her incurable lovesickness.

1242
< <" . 3 . ! 2 d
. 9) .?" . F

It is the folly of her heart to long for her unkind lover and grieve at the separation.
,' '

1243
$ ; < 9) $? $8" !
.; (: F $ F

Her sufferings and longing for her lover are in vain as he has caused lovesickness
but has no love for her.
- A !
8 %1
1244
$)
4 90 ! 0 !;5
7
.$1"2"! F -" .)? " &$A
She is pleading to her heart to take her eyes to the lover. Or else her eyes will kill her.
%
%

1245
$ F $ ( -$A D . C"! !
.- ? $

She cannot abandon her heartless lover though he shows no love for her.

255
d\s
' ! % 2'

<

1246
- " I4 0 C 0 !;54G

.- <JH"" -2$"
She cannot maintain her anger when she meets her lover and yields to him.
* *
J *
1247
P "" . K "" . 0 !

.
&$ M . C"! F
She should forsake either her lust or her shame as she cannot endure both the
feelings.
' 1 . '

(
1248
P-A $0 !)

. ; < @ ; "
Without pity the lover deserted his beloved. Yet she longs for him.
!

,A

1249
.(! !;54G
-$) _" 9$'
As her lover is residing within her heart, her heart need not search for him elsewhere.
! ' !
8 !
1250
$ ; 2 0

.. 5!:!
By remembering her lover, who deserted her, she is losing all her inner beauty.

256
d\s
126.
-
6.4 5* ," - Losing self-restraint
A 8
-!: E:! <
1251
@ MK ; 38 <

.
H ' D!(
The axe of love will break open the door of chastity bolted with modesty.
!
! ;
1252
$ - 3 F ; <

.3# $ 9"
Her mind is tossed by the heartless thing called lust even at midnight.
. !
*
.!
1253
:" -$( :)

"( . 5
.' :" (

It is hard to conceal passionate love which breaks out like a sudden sneeze.
C
' 1 *
1254
!:$ J $ <! $(
.5&EA 9) :" 3E ":) .(
She claimed pride in her modesty. But her lust reveals itself in public.
% . ,'
% 1 1
1255
:$"! < ? C$" " :$ ?)

.1! &0 ME 5 F
Dignity is not known to the lovelorn as they can't resist going after their lovers, who
have parted.

257
d\s
% > !
% %
1256
P
H @E ; ;5
!$ :$"! < @ ; . 5
Lovesickness is such a horrible thing that makes her go after her unkind lover, who
parted with her.
!
)
1257
< ; CG E

G C 0 < <
.@ 9" @E ( 9!$
She has no sense of shame when her lover gives the love she desires.

1258
"=$ U8
..$: <
1( 1 -5&"
The tempting words of the deluding lover are the weapons that break the feminine
firmness.
2. A 2@

! 1 *
1259
X$ J -" ( $A -& !)

.-"2$ 3 -0 !:$ .(
She went there to pretend to dislike him. But she embraced him on seeing him.
' )
2'L> %
.
1260
V 0
2 F
E
< $ 2!
.- .G % V!"! < .J" .2 F @!$ (

It is impossible to feign sulking for maidens who melt like fat in fire while making love.

258
d\s
127.
- '. 7 8 - Longing for the Lover
%1. 2% -

%!
'
1261
< ;#"$ =( ;$) J
.2 "
A 5e ) =( 8
Her shining eyes have dimmed and her fingers worn out making the days of
separation on the wall.

1 .
C
!
1262
!$
0 !"258

.3$ ;5 . "! !$" 5!:
When she forgets her lover, she becomes thin, her bangles slide and she loses her
beauty and grace.
A
8
1263
P3( ?: - W4 9) < C E
.-) #"$F F0 +)

Her lover has gone to the battlefield with enthusiasm to win. She sustains her life
hoping to meet him again.
$> ' <

* 1
1264
EA
58
5 )
.4A 9) C"!

The swells in great delight to see the return of her separated lover with renewed love.

.2
1265
P < 90 #$A

%
.($ <E $) < -0 #$ 0
Her paleness will disappear the moment she looks passionately at her lover.

259
d\s
, , ,

1266
C"
= $? .0
." E"
52

The return of her lover and their union will drive away all her lovesickness.
2. 2 .

1267
-J & $) C 0

&
-$) 5"

When her parted lover returns, she does not know whether to sulk, embrace or do both.
' ' '

,'
1268
" ? M'! $] ?:

% "2
.@! 3

When the king wins the battle, the husband can rejoin his wife and enjoy bliss at night.
, G
,!
(
1269
51 I'$ ; & #"$ .

.
3! ;! 5$)

One day is as long as seven days for those who long for the return of their husbands
from afar.
%
'
1270
!5( 0 -$ 5:"! !)

$J
$2"!!
$2"!
There is no use in returning, meeting and embracing his dame after her heart is
broken due to separation.

260
d\s
128.
- 0 &
8 - Revealing the Mind
.8 '
1 1*
1271
$) - $4" @E $
.58 D:4

Though she hides her feelings, her eyes expose them overcoming restraint.
' ) .

'
1272
3 &$) " "
.@& ;5 <82( &") 3$

This simple beautiful lady with tender shoulders is full of lovable feminine charms.
:, R '
:1 *
1273
?4 . I 52 4

.&! # . & I (
Like the thread passing through crystal beads, there is some significance in her
feminine beauty.
6 %
1*
1274
3884 J" &"!
.&
) J" (
Like the hidden fragrance in the bud there is some hidden significance in the smile of
this simple lady.
>
' 1
,' 1 !
(
1275
V
3:4
" E0
.55E "8 @5

The secret sign of his bangled wife has a remedy to cure his lovesickness.

261
d\s
%. ) ! %
S: !
1276
) $5? < 55E

.M! - - 3 $(
His passionate love comforts her but signifies the impending painful separation.
' ' 8

6 '
1277
Z 5 !
)? ; Z < 3: ) ;5 "!
.-: "
Her bangles foretold the departure of her lover, who is the chief of the cool seashore.
,%1A 6
G
'
1278
' F0 < 5K

.
3! $ H" 5 $ .(
Her lover left her only the previous day. But her pallor spreads faster as if he had left
her a week ago.
> ; >

1279
&5 &:"( &5 90 #$" 5

.$8" . 5" &$'(
She looks at her bangles, thin shoulders and feet; they are the signs of her desire to
accompany him.
!
@ <
1280
& :E"! &$ &K N 3 .1)0 :2
.3=$ 5?
The way in which her eyes reveal her lovesickness and long for remedy adds charm
to her femininity.

262
d\s
129.
- &
9+ - Longing for Sex
!
:
; !% *
1281
< 3
H ( :$ <"
.2 -E 5$) B1! .(

Joy at the mere thought and cheer at the very sight of the lover belong not to liquor
but to lust.
! C

* ! C
1282
EA )
H f 0
.2 E
1
G
When passionate love is very intense, there should be no sulking even as small as a millet.
)
8

1283
$ ( - <
.-" . ;#$ CE" F

Though he does as he pleases without caring for her, her eyes will find no rest unless
they see him.
%
'
$%
1284
< .) 5" . 5 !"
.- M F0 5 !$ .(

She wanted to feign dislike but, at his very sight, her heart forgot it and longed for
union with him.
G
!
1285
"(^ 5$) I" F . .0
.M: 5 @2 5$) < <) I F $ (
Like the eyes that cannot see the brush painting them she cannot see her lover's faults
while meeting him.
-

263
d\s

1286
< I 1 0

.< F0 I 1 D
.
When he is with her, she finds no fault. When he is away, she finds nothing but faults.
! ' 2

! ' 2'
1287
& &JK0 "

=
.B ! ?: .(
Sulking with her lover is as useless as a diver battling against a strong current.
! 8 !
% 2
1288
4 = ) !S54
.- J -=a -) C -$5 -(" F
Liquor is loved by drunkards, though it brings disgrace to them. So is the lover's

bosom to his love.
8 @
J .*
1289
? . M <

.@1A F0 -
$" F - F
Love is softer than a tender flower. Only a few enjoy it realizing its fineness.
! 2
8 . 2%1
1290
$) JK $"
.5E $"2$") &$ $5

She showed dislike only in her eyes and pined rushing faster than her lover to
embrace him.
264
d\s

130. ,-
- 7 8 #'
- Rebuking the Heart
*

(
1291
5 -0 G - .0
5 0
7 " F !
His heart remains with him without thinking of her. So she would also like to keep her
heart to herself alone.
- A
A
1292
-) 2" $0 !;5
.J F -$ $ $# F

She knows that he has no love for her but still she seeks him trusting that he has no
dislike for her.
) )
)
(
1293
.- ; " !)
8$
# -$ .#"
Her heart goes after her lover hoping that the ruined have no friends.
* S:
J
%1
1294
PE -4"
= < .) 5""F !
0 H8 ; .

$( .0
G
When she yields to him without even a sulk, none will discuss the joy of sulk with her.
<

*!
1295
- B4 <

8
7 .0
.$? 9EH M2 P- 2
5) B4 -8
.
Her heart grieves without his company and even in his company it grieves fearing
separation.
265
d\s
,' ! !
,'

1296
<
( ;5( ('
.<H &#

When she is alone pondering over her lover's separation, her grief affects her body
and soul.
- '
% )*
1297
< M

FY !$
.5 D!$" F ; - .$

She has forgotten her inseparable blush because of her mad love for her lover whom
she cannot forget.
1
;
(
1298
< .! F0 (: F < ;
.D2"
-" . .#

Her loving heart always thinks of her lover and his greatness, as despising him is a
disgrace.
!%
6
'
(
1299
P- M?a 5$) @ . (
.! . <2 .
%
.]
None will comfort a man in sorrow if his own heart does not support him.
6

1300
- @ @E <
.. <H 5 5)" .]

When a person's own heart is not friendly with him, it will not be strange if others
desert him.

266
d\s
131. -
- Sulking
2 . 2! 1

1301
P-2$" F -$) ;5"
!<" B( #$$
%
She should pretend to sulk and not embrace him so that they could, for a while,
watch him suffer.
.' % 2
%
1302
b( 32$ 5 2 5"F

.- b 5?( -"5?
Just as salt is to food, sulk is to sex, Prolonged sulk is like excess of salt in food.
'

% .
2'. 2
1303
9JH @J"!
5)
!<" ;
* <" &V"2$
5)
To leave the sulking woman without fond embrace is like grieving one already in agony.
>
>
6' %1

1304
9JH B"!
5)
.&8 . E C =
Not to comfort a sulking maiden is like cutting the root of a withering creeper.
! 2!
I !
1305
<( <JH =( @J0

.M14A ; 3$? .$ 3
The lovely charm of a worthy lover is the feigning dislike of his beloved.

267
d\s
C 2C
C ,C %1
1306
5! J$ 52 = = :$ H <
.& F XOJ$"

= = 2 S?$ H <
Love without prolonged sulking is like an over-ripe fruit and love without brief sulking
is like an unripe fruit.
@ 2
* 1 1
1307
(E J
5) 8"
!F
& S" F
The lovers' sulking in excess puts to doubt whether the union will last long or not.
%1 ' 1 C

(
1308
"$ 5
"$ E . 5 F $
There is no use in wailing when the beloved one is not by the side to feel and comfort.
,
2C
EG
1309
1# @

.
H <( E (
Water in the shade of trees is sweet. Likewise, feigned anger between lovers is sweet.
*
$*
*
1310
-!" F -" $( .0

.& 3K & @2"F 90 I&
Though his lady love does not comfort him, he longs for union with her due to desire.

268
d\s
132. /0 -

2
:" - Nuances of Sulking
,
! 2
1311
5 . .""! @!$
.2$) . .0 5 1
She finds all women gazing at his bosom. Therefore, she will not embrace him.
> ,'!
*: '
1312
P < 9) 9JK $(
.-"E
7 $$' $# "
He sneezed while she was sulking, expecting that she would say, "Live long".
)*.IA S>8 C ,!

)> S> 1
1313
) JK 5$ ?A (0 (" 0
.": < " " 2"

Even when he wears fresh flowers, she would say that he was doing it to please
another woman.
8 >
8 8 1
.
1314
V :&

!0 @!$ < $
;K @!$ B" ;K @!$ B" :3 JH

When he said that he loved her more than anyone else, She angrily asked who the
other one was.
. .

1315
!$5 F :&
.I4A 5F 3: . 34 $) 5

When he said he would never part with her in this life, she cried bitterly fearing
separation in other births.

269
d\s
% ' .

2 2!
1316
$"J P$ ( :&
.$ $!$" .0 :3 $ 4!$

He said he had thought of her. But she sulked angrily and asked him why he had
forgotten her.
G! !G
,! 1
1317
P$""E

7 !)
%"(" . :3 ( .)!
When he sneezed, she blessed. Soon she cried who thought of him and he sneezed.
6A 1. G K
! 1
1318
:3 ( !) #(
." G (7 "
"(" . "
When he suppressed his sneezing, she cried that he was hiding another woman who
was thinking of him.
!8 C
' 1
1319
P&2" . 0
.( ;K M"" :JK 2"

Even when he pleads with her, she is displeased and asks whether that is how he
cajoles other women.
!,' 8 C !
, 1
1320
:9JK 2" & 14" &0 $ 0
.0
7 $" $ . (:"
When he gazes at her admiring her beauty, she angrily asks him who he was
thinking of looking at her.

270
d\s
133. 2 -
!* - Joy of Sulking
8 *
1
(
1321
<JH"" &$] -$

K 9) P- <) F
He is without fault; yet she sulks to make him love her forever.
@ 1 1
>8 * 1
.< ="

1322
" & 2 <JH"
.3( ?) =( B4 .(

Sulking causes only a little pain but it always strengthens love.
2!@ 2! * !*
' !
(
1323
<" @ "4 = < C "4
.@! 9" 5 F " 5 A - <JH"

There is no heavenly joy that gives more happiness to lovers than sulking.
2@ . 2C 1

1324
<( <JH 3 "$ @ ; 55E

J
.$( ? U1!
In a long sulking that leads to a sweet embrace lies a weapon that can break her
resolution.
8 E:
@ 1!
1325
D5 ; <JH" .0 P- <) 1
. &!" F " 3 ) .)

Though he is faultless, denial of sweet embrace of her tender arms, for a while, has a
unique charm.

271
d\s
@8
2@
(
1326
(' =(0 . C"

J
.
J .
H <( <JH (
Digestion is better than having food again. In love, sulking is sweeter than having sex.
@ % 8
$@% . *
1327
P<( &JK C
?&$ . 2 ?:
.<( <JH C" ; < -) 5

In the game of sulk, the loser actually wins. This will be known in the bliss of their union.
>. 1 K.

$@ .2
1328
J . " & <JH" 5

) . 58 ;
He can get more delight in feigned dislike than the joy of sex.
*
*
1329
<( &JK

%
!&$ .(" 9" 3 "
%
The bright-jewelled lady may sulk and the night may last long enough to conciliate her.
* !% %
$> 6.
(
1330
PI& <( <JH

.-$ D5
J
Sulking is the charming delight of passionate lovers and the joy of sulking lies in the
bliss of union.
d\s
272

Ts @hPYQ # (
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94
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46
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48
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56
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94
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Government of Tamil Nadu, India

International Institute of Tamil Studies,

Honble Chief Minister of Tamilnadu

1.  -    - Glory of God

Learning is of no use if the learner does not submit himself to God.

 " ( * ( + % , -. / $  

0)  + /! ) 12 ! ,# !  

.-# 12  07 3 /   6"# 3

.$ 4   :$; &%  8. 9 ).! 3

3 )2 "0 "

$.  ? 1 @8

As the unfailing rain supports the world, it is considered a heavenly food.

03( 03 03( 03(

%) CA  ) 

&6 .3  90

<;)% <% , $ ! ).  

F, & > , $   

$4 ! :!9 

There will not be any vegetation on this earth if there is no rain.

:  -. 3 := -. =2

(6) (0)  (

(6) (0) (.

3.   -   - Greatness of Ascetics

 (' 

: %  ( *A I (2 (

Greatness of ascetics is immeasurable. Measuring it is as impossible as counting the

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Greatness of the learned men is shown in the scriptures of the world.

One cannot endure the anger of good men though it is momentary.

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5.  - !#$ % - Domestic Life

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Domestic life itself is a great virtue if it is really without any blame.

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6.   -   & - Goodness of a Wife

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There is nothing of greater value to a man than a woman of purity.

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