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Integration by Substitution and Integration by Parts: Tony U
Integration by Substitution and Integration by Parts: Tony U
Outline
1 Integration by Substitution
2 Integration by Parts
Integration by Substitution
Integration by Substitution
-1-
Integration by Substitution
Let f (x) and g (x) be two given functions and let F (x) be an
antiderivative for f (x). The chain rule asserts that:
d
F (g (x)) = F (g (x))g (x) = f (g (x))g (x),
dx
turning this formula into an integration formula, we have
Z
f (g (x))g (x)dx = F (g (x)) + C .
Let u = g (x) then du = g (x)dx (called the differential of u), the
above formula can be rewritten as:
Z
Z
f (g (x))g (x)dx =
f (u)du
= F (u) + C
= F (g (x)) + C .
-2-
Integration by Substitution
-3-
Integration by Substitution
Example 1.
Find the integral of
9
x 5 6 5x 4 dx by substitution.
-4-
Integration by Substitution
Example 1.
Find the integral of
9
x 5 6 5x 4 dx by substitution.
-4-
1 10
u +C
10
1 5
(x 6)10 + C
10
Integration by Substitution
Example 2.
Find the integral of
x 2 e x dx.
-5-
Integration by Substitution
Example 2.
Find the integral of
x 2 e x dx.
-5-
Integration by Substitution
Example 3.
Find the integral of
10x 3 5x
dx.
x4 x2 + 6
-6-
Integration by Substitution
Example 3.
Find the integral of
10x 3 5x
dx.
x4 x2 + 6
10x 3 5x
dx
x4 x2 + 6
4x 3 2x
dx
x4 x2 + 6
Z
1
5
du
=
2
u
5
2 u+C
=
2
p
= 5 x4 x2 + 6 + C
5
2
-6-
Integration by Substitution
Example 4.
Find the integral of
(ln x)2
dx.
x
-7-
Integration by Substitution
Example 4.
Find the integral of
(ln x)2
dx.
x
(ln x)2
dx =
x
u 2 du
1 3
u +C
3
1
(ln x)3 + C
3
=
=
-7-
Integration by Substitution
Example 5.
Find the integral of
x
dx.
x +1
-8-
Integration by Substitution
Example 5.
Find the integral of
x
dx.
x +1
Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
-9-
Integration by Parts
u(x)dv .
Integration by Parts
-11-
Integration by Parts
-12-
Integration by Parts
Examples 6.
xe x dx.
-13-
Integration by Parts
Examples 6.
xe x dx.
-13-
Integration by Parts
Example 7.
Find the integral of
R
x x 2dx.
-14-
Integration by Parts
Example 7.
Find the integral of
R
x x 2dx.
3
2
x x 2dx =
xd (x 2) 2
3
Z
3
3
2
2
x(x 2) 2
=
(x 2) 2 dx
3
3
3
5
2
4
=
x(x 2) 2 (x 2) 2 + C
3
15
-14-
Integration by Parts
Example 8.
Find the integral of
x ln xdx.
-15-
Integration by Parts
Example 8.
Find the integral of
x ln xdx.
1
1 2
x ln x
2
2
x 2 d ln x
Z
1
1
1 2
x ln x
x 2 dx
2
2
x
Z
1 2
1
x ln x
xdx
2
2
1
1 2
x ln x x 2 + C
2
4
-15-
Integration by Parts
Example 9.
Find the integral of
x 2 e x dx.
-16-
Integration by Parts
Example 9.
Find the integral of
x 2 e x dx.
Integration by Parts
Example 10.
Find the integral of
-17-
Integration by Parts
Example 10.
Find the integral of
x 7 d(3x 4)2
Z
6
1
x 7 (3x 4)dx
= x 7 (3x 4)2
7
7
Z
Z
18
1
24
= x 7 (3x 4)2
x 8 dx +
x 7 dx
7
7
7
2
3
1
= x 7 (3x 4)2 x 9 + x 8 + C
7
7
7
-17-