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EC6004 SATALLITE COMMUNICATION

UNIT I SATELLITE ORBITS
Keplers Laws, Newtons law, orbital parameters, orbital perturbations, station keeping,
geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbitsLook Angle Determination- Limits of visibility
eclipse-Subsatellite pointSun transit outage-Launching Procedures-launch vehicles and
propulsion.
PART A
Questions

Q. No
1.

State Keplers second law.

BT
Level
BTL1

2.

Summarize ascending node & descending node.

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3.

Illustrate the orbital parameters used for positioning a

BTL2

Understand

BTL3

Apply

BTL4

Analyze

satellite.
4.

Summarize the satellite visibility criteria.

5.

Analyze where the determination of antenna look angles

used?

Competence
Remember

6.

Identify the purpose of Station keeping.

BTL3

Apply

7.

List the basic factors affecting satellite position.

BTL4

Analyze

8.

On what factors the limits of visibility depends? Considering

BTL5

Evaluate

Remember
Remember
Understand

an earth station at the equator, with the antenna pointing

either west or east along the horizontal evaluate the limiting
angle.
9.

Define geostationary orbit.

10.
11.

What do you mean by apogee?

Compare between ascending node and descending node.

BTL1
BTL1
BTL2

12.

Justify why the orbit is called as orbital Keplerian element?

BTL5

Evaluate

13.

Summarize the Newtons laws.

BTL2

Understand

14.

Define the Keplers First law for planetary motion.

BTL1

Remember

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15.

Develop few frequency bands used for satellite applications.

BTL3

Apply

16.

Differentiate Apogee and Perigee.

BTL4

Analyze

17.

What are Geostationary Satellites?

18.
19.

Generate the term azimuth angle.

Summarize the sub satellite point and what is its
significance?
Outline the sun transit outage.

BTL1
BTL6

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Create

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20.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

PART B
(i)Express the three Keplers laws of planetary motion and list
the various orbital parameters. (8)
(ii)Estimate the suitable equations for look angles and the
range for geostationary satellite. (8)
(i)List and explain any one type of launching procedures of
satellite. (8)
(ii) A satellite in polar orbit has a perigee height of 600km and
an apogee height of 1200km. Show the mean motion and the
rate of regression of the nodes. Assume the polar radius of the
earth to be equal to 6357kms. (8)
(i)Justify how altitude and orbit control is achieved from an
earth station? (8)
(ii) Explain about the orbital parameters in detail. (8)
(i)Examine the orbital perturbations in detail. (12)
(ii) A satellite is orbiting in the equatorial plane with a period
from perigee to perigee of 12 h. Given that the eccentricity is
0.002. Calculate the semi major axis. The earths equatorial
radius is 6378.1414km. (4)
(i)Show the different types of satellite orbits and discuss their
merits and demerits. (8)
(ii)If a satellite is at a height of 36000km and orbiting in
equatorial plane, comment whether the satellite will be under
eclipse on equinox days and discover the duration of the
eclipse. (8)
(i)Generate from basic principles the orbital velocity of a
satellite. (8)
(ii)Formulate the orbital velocity for the circular orbit. (8)
(i)What are the basic terms for earth-orbiting satellites and
explain. (8)
(ii) Describe briefly the earth eclipse of satellite. (8)
(i)Infer what you had understand by the sub satellite point? (8)
(ii)Summarize on launch vehicles and propulsion. (8)

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Evaluate

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BTL2

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9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

(i) Describe the significance of station keeping. (8)

(ii)Define the term angle of tilt and explain how the polar
mount antenna works? (8)
(i) Categorize the frequency allocations and draw the
frequency spectrum for satellite services. (12)
(ii)Illustrate the effects of non-spherical earth. (4)
(i)Discuss in detail about the orbital maueuvers like
inclination, ascending node, semimajor axis and eccentricity.
(8)
(ii)Explain about orbital elements. (8)
(i)Show the different applications & different services
provided by satellite services. (6)
(ii) Develop the points to predict the satellite position. (10)
(i)Can you give a short notes on atmospheric drag and
inclined orbits. (12)
(ii)List the features of near stationary orbits. (4)
(i) Identify the limits of visibility for an earth station situated
at mean sea level, at latitude 48.42o north and longitude 89.26o
west. Assume a minimum angle of elevation of 5o. (6)
(ii)Examine the Newtons laws. (6)
(iii)Analyze the conditions that are required for an orbit to be
geostationary. (4)

BTL1

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BTL3

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BTL1

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BTL4

Analyze

UNIT II
SPACE SEGMENT AND SATELLITE LINK DESIGN
Spacecraft Technology- Structure, Primary power, Attitude and Orbit control, Thermal
control and Propulsion, communication Payload and supporting subsystems, Telemetry,
Tracking and command. Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis and Design, link budget, E/N
calculation- performance impairments-system noise, inter modulation and interference,
Propagation Characteristics and Frequency considerations- System reliability and design
lifetime.
Q.No
1.

PART A
Questions
Analyze the reason of omnidirectional antenna being used

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aboard a satellite for telemetry and command during the

launch phase.
2.

Explain the essential of thermal control segment for a

spacecraft.

3.

Define the term EIRP.

4.

What is spin body stabilization?

5.
6.
7.
8.

Define frequency planning.

Infer the reason of intermodulation noise originate in a
satellite link.
Outline the meaning of antenna noise temperature and system
noise temperature referred to the input.
Justify how the attitude of a satellite controlled through
active control?

9.

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BTL5
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Evaluate
Remember

BTL2

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BTL1

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BTL4

Analyze

BTL1

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BTL5

Evaluate

Examine why noise temperature is a useful concept in

communication receivers?

10.

Identify the parameters that decide the system reliability.

11.

Write the command systems to protect against unauthorized

commands and errors.

12.

Draw some common structural types to hold the spacecraft.

BTL1

Remember

13.

Point out the two segments of basic satellite communication.

BTL4

Analyze

14.

Write a note station keeping.

BTL3

Apply

15.

Define the term propellant.

BTL1

Remember

16.

Write the concepts of frequency reuse.

BTL3

Apply

17.

Illustrate how do you achieve stabilization by momentum

BTL2

Understand

BTL3
BTL2
BTL6

Apply
Understand
Create

wheel?
18.

Demonstrate sky noise.

19.
20.

Summarize the features of spot beam antenna.

Formulate uplink & downlink equation of a satellite access.
PART B

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1.

(i)Consider a transmit earth station operating at an uplink

frequency of 6GHz. The antenna diameter is 7m with an
efficiency of 60%. The antenna tracking loss and atmospheric
attenuation is 1.2dB. The uplink slant range is 37506km.
Identify the required output power (dBW) of the HPA system
at the antennna feed to provide a -80 dBW/m2 power flux
density at the satellite. (8)
(ii)Discuss in detail about the communication payload and
supporting subsystems. (8)
2. (i)For a satellite circuit the carrier-to-ratios are uplink 23dB,
downlink 20dB, and intermodulation 24dB. Calculate the
overall carrier-to-ratio to decibels. Suggest a method to reduce
intermodulation noise. (8)
(ii)Examine the system reliability and design life time of the
space segment. (8)
3. (i)Demonstrate the concept of frequency planning & explain
the frequency considerations. (6)
(ii)Sketch the attitude control momentum wheel stabilization
in the space segment with necessary diagrams and explain it.
(10)
4. (i)Describe about antenna subsystem. (10)
(ii)Discuss in detail about the spacecraft subsystem. (6)
5. (i)Generate the various supporting subsystems and its
structure with diagrams.(4)
(ii)Design the equations for primary power of subsystems.
(12)
6. (i)Recall the important points about the propulsion. (10)
(ii) Define propagation characteristics. (3)
(iii)Write short note on performance impairments of
interference. (3)
7. Examine how the attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) is
achieved through spin stabilization systems? Give necessary
diagrams. (16)
8. (i)Explain TT and C system in detail. (8)
(ii)Express equation for the downlink C/N ratio for the
satellite. (8)
9. (i)State how intermodulation noise originates in a satellite link
and describe how it is reduced? (8)
(ii)Find the equations for the link power budget. (8)
10. (i)State the importance of station keeping. (8)
(ii)Derive the satellite link design equation. (8)
11. (i)Summarize the sources of noise in satellite communication.
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Analyze

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

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BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

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What is the importance of noise temperature in link design?

(8)
(ii)Explain the necessity of power amplifier in the
transponder. (8)
12. (i)Describe briefly the factors governing the design of satellite
links. (10)
(ii)Outline the factors that contributing to noise in an earth
station receiving channel. (6)
13. (i)Justify the reasons behind why the transponders are
connected in the communication channel with a neat
diagrams. (4)
(ii)Analyze the wideband receiver and input demultiplexer
with appropriate diagrams. (12)
14. Solve C/N ratio is directly proportional to G/T ratio from the
calculation of system noise temperature. (16)

BTL1

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BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

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UNIT III
EARTH SEGMENT
Introduction Receive Only home TV systems Outdoor unit Indoor unit for analog
(FM) TV Master antenna TV system Community antenna TV system Transmit Receive
earth stations Problems Equivalent isotropic radiated power Transmission losses Freespace transmission Feeder losses Antenna misalignment losses Fixed atmospheric and
ionospheric losses Link power budget equation System noise Antenna noise Amplifier
noise temperature Amplifiers in cascade Noise factor Noise temperature of absorptive
networks Overall system noise temperature Carrier-to- Noise ratio Uplink Saturation flux
density Input back off The earth station - HPA Downlink Output back off Satellite
TWTA output Effects of rain Uplink rain Fade margin Downlink rain Fade margin
Combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio Intermodulation noise.
PART A
Q.No
Questions
BT Level
1. State the reason for the high power amplifier in earth stations
BTL5
deploying some sort of redundancy configuration.
2.

Analyze the basic form of a cassegrain antenna.

3.

Write the features of MATV.

4.

Identify the parameter which is generally regarded as figure

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Evaluate

BTL4

Analyze

BTL1
BTL4

Remember
Analyze

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of merit. Why?
5.
6.

Define antenna gain.

A satellite downlink at 10GHz operates with a transmit

BTL1

Remember

power of 5w and an antenna gain of 48.2dB. Estimate the

BTL6

Create

BTL3

Apply

BTL2
BTL1

Understand
Remember

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL2
BTL6
BTL3

Understand
Create
Apply

BTL1

Remember

EIRP in dBW.
7.
8.
9.
10.

For a given satellite and signal transmission show the earth

station parameters affecting the C/N ratio.
What is meant by noise factor and noise margin?
What do you understand by the term Saturation flux density?
Give the reason for deploying a demodulator / remodulator
unit in our home television set when we want to function in a
satellite TV / FM receiving system.

11.

Indicate the reason of LNA in a satellite receiving system

placed at the antenna end of the feeder cable.

12.

Outline, why cassegrain antennas are popular for large earth

stations?

13.
14.
15.

What is meant by earth segment?

Compare KU-band and the C-band receive only systems.
Sketch the outdoor unit for receive only home TV systems.

16.

State the different transmission losses during the transmission

link.

17.

Write about fade margin.

BTL3

Apply

18.

Draw and explain antenna misalignment losses.

BTL1

Remember

19.

What do you infer about intermodulation?

BTL2
BTL4

Understand
Analyze

BTL1

Remember

BTL6

Create

20.

Calculate output back-off in downlink process.

PART B
Draw a neat block diagram and explain the functional

1. elements of a basic digital earth station and also the main

elements of a satellite tracking system. (16)
Elaborate the procedures involved in test equipment
2.

measurements on G/T, C/NO and EIRP with reference to the

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earth segment. (16)

(i)Describe briefly MATV & CATV systems. (8)
3. (ii)Explain how the gain of large antennas can be optimized.
(8)
(i)Estimate Equivalent Isotropic radiated power with an
4. example.(6)
(ii)Discuss in detail about the various transmission losses. (10)
(i)Point out the calculation of link power budget equation. (4)
5. (ii) Identify the various types of system noise. Explain it in
detail. (12)
(i)Compute the equation caused by various factors for Uplink
communication. (8)
6.
(ii) Explain how the satellites are inter linked without need for
intermediate ground stations? (8)
(i)Explain the operation of Horn antenna and reflector antenna
used for satellite communication. (10)
7.
(ii)Discuss how fade margin occur during uplink
communication. (6)
(i)Describe briefly which antenna is suitable for earth station
by its characteristics. (8)
8.
(ii) Summarize the concepts and operation of HPA & LPA in
satellite communication. (8)
(i)Examine about terrestrial interface with suitable diagrams.
9.
(10)
(ii) Compare MATV & CATV. (6)
(i)Sketch the block diagram and explain the TVRO system.
10
(8)
(ii)Show any one test equipment for the measurement on
carrier-to-ratio. (8)
(i)Explain how the TWTA is used in satellite communication
11 with a neat diagrams.(12)
(ii)Formulate the expression for downlink fade margin. (4)
(i)Derive the expression of output back-off, satellite TWTA
output for the downlink communication. (8)
12 (ii)Write a short notes on
a) polarization interleaving (4)
b) absorptive network
(4)
(i)Calculate the carrier-to-ratio for the combined uplink and
13 downlink communication. (8)
(ii)Analyze the type of noise occur when multiple carriers pass
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BTL2

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BTL1

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BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

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BTL5

Evaluate

BTL2

Understand

BTL4

Analyze

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through in any device with nonlinear characteristics and

explain it. (8)
(i)Outline the points that how the satellite communication are
getting disturbed by the effect of rain. (8)
14
(ii) List the features of cassegrain antenna with suitable
diagrams. (8)

BTL1

Remember

UNIT IV
SATELLITE ACCESS
Modulation and Multiplexing: Voice, Data, Video, Analog digital transmission system,
Digital video Broadcast, multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment Methods, Spread
Spectrum communication, compression encryption.
PART A
Q.
No
1.
2.

Questions
Distinguish centrally controlled random access for satellite
access from distributed control random access.
Television transmission may be classified as full-transponder
or half-transponder transmission. State what this means in
terms of transponder access.

BT Level

Competence

BTL4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL2
BTL1
BTL1
BTL2

Understand
Remember
Remember
Understand

3.
Determine the limitations of CDMA.
4.

BTL1

Remember

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

How does the spread spectrum system differ from

conventional communication system?
Compare single access and multiple access.
List the advantages of TDMA over FDMA.
Define multiplexing.
Write the two basic problems in satellite digital transmission.
When VSAT type terminals involved CDMA offers several
advantages of satellite networking. What are they?
Evaluate the methods of multiple access techniques for
satellites.
Distinguish preassigned and demand assigned traffic.
Calculate the guard time of TDMA.
State Carsons rule.
Estimate the frame efficiency of TDMA.
Express the processing gain of a satellite access.

BTL5
BTL2
BTL3
BTL1
BTL6
BTL2

Evaluate
Understand
Apply
Remember
Create
Understand

16.

Analyze the digital speech interpolation.

BTL4

Analyze

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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17.
18.

Summarize the important feature of Intelsat SCPC system.

Identify the limitations of FDMA satellite access.

BTL6
BTL1

Create
Remember

19.

Point out the pre-assigned TDMA satellite access.

BTL4
BTL3

Analyze
Apply

BTL1

Remember

BTL3

Apply

BTL1

Remember

BTL4

Analyze

BTL2

Understand

BTL3

Apply

BTL5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

BTL2

Understand

BTL4

Analyze

BTL2

Understand

20.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
9.
10.
11.

Derive the equation of BER for PSK modulation.

PART B
(i) Describe the diagrammatic representation of a SPADE
communication system and explain how this is used on
Intelsat satellites. (8)
(ii) Outline the frequency reuse process and give the merits
of spread spectrum communication. (8)
Illustrate the features of various multiple access schemes
deployed for satellite access and compare it. (16)
(i) Show the operation of FDMA and list how this differs from
FDM. (6)
(ii)What are the ways in which demand assignment may be
carried out in FDMA network and explain it. (10)
Point out the comment on pros and cons of satellite system
based on TDMA. Also explain the TDMA frame format in
detail with relevant diagrams. (16)
(i) Express FDMA in detail and also enumerate the
interference in FDMA. (8)
(ii) Explain direct sequence spread spectrum communication
in detail. (8)
(i) Demonstrate back off meaning and why is it necessary in
multiple access systems. (6)
(ii)Show the digital video broadcasting operation in detail.
(10)
(i) Develop the schemes for compression and encryption are
implemented in satellite communication. (6)
(ii) Explain in detail about the preassigned FDMA with
necessary diagrams. (10)
(i)State the reasons behind the wide acceptance of digital
transmission systems. (6)
(ii) Summarize the digital transmission of ADM & ADPCM
techniques. (10)
Discuss about analog voice transmission. (16)
Illustrate in detail about pre assigned & demand assigned
TDMA. (16)
Explain the principle behind the spectrum spreading and
dispreading and how this is used to minimize interference in a
CDMA system. (16)

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12.

13.

14.

(i)Discriminate the operation of ON board signal processing

for FDMA/TDMA operation with suitable diagrams. (10)
(ii) Outline the techniques of PCM CODEC. (6)
(i) Estimate the pre-assigned traffic for FDMA. (6)
(ii) Summarize the important feature of Intelsat SCPC system.
(10)
(i)Identify the bandlimited and power limited TWT amplifier
operation. (10)
(ii) Explain the operation of digital TASI in TDMA operation.
(6)

BTL4

Analyze

BTL6

Create

BTL1

Remember

UNIT V
SATELLITE APPLICATIONS
INTELSAT Series, INSAT, VSAT, Mobile satellite services: GSM, GPS, INMARSAT,
LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System. Direct Broadcast satellites (DBS)- Direct to home
Broadcast (DTH), Digital audio broadcast (DAB)- World space services, Business TV(BTV),
GRAMSAT, Specialized services E mail, Video conferencing, Internet.
PART A
Q. No
Questions
BT Level Competence
1.
What is the principle behind DTH & GPS?
BTL1
Remember
2.
Discuss an intelligent VSAT must use what type of networking
BTL2
Understand
to permit the maximum utilization of the satellite capacity?
3.
Write the applications supported by INTELSAT & INSAT
BTL1
Remember
series.
4.
Give the main idea of World space receivers.
BTL2
Understand
5.
Choose the services provided by GSM.
BTL1
Remember
6.
BTL 5
Evaluate
Evaluate the features of LEO.
7.
8.

9.

10.
11.
12.

What do you infer about GRAMSAT?

Classify the two areas of satellite communications which are
gaining major thrust from leading satellite industries and
organizations in recent years.
Justify when there is available bandwidth of 500MHz and how
many transponder each of bandwidth 24MHz can be
accommodated.
State congestion and slowstart with reference to Internet traffic.
Indicate the services rendered by DTH.
Identify how the satellite used for video conferencing?

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BTL1
BTL2
BTL1

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Understand
Remember

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13.

Categorize the types of satellite services.

BTL 5

Evaluate

14.

Point out the satellite mobile services.

BTL 4

Analyze

15.

Demonstrate the different types of applications for satellite

systems.
Outline the three regions to allocate the frequency for satellite
services.
Illustrate the functions of DBS.

BTL3

Apply

BTL 4

Analyze

Summarize the regions covered by INMARSAT.

BTL3
BTL6

Apply
Create

Define BTV.
Identify the concept of DAB.

BTL1
BTL3

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Apply

BTL1

Remember

BTL 4

Analyze

BTL2

Understand

BTL1

Remember

BTL 4

Analyze

BTL3

Apply

BTL2

Understand

BTL3

Apply

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

PART B
Describe briefly the types of INTELSAT satellites with
respect to basic space craft characteristics and vehicle types.
(16)
(i) Distinguish the block diagram of an indoor & outdoor unit
for a DBS home receiver. (8)
(ii) Analyze the DTH system with the help of neat block
diagrams. (8)
Discuss how GSM & GPS deploying satellites have improved
the mobility of the customers. (16)
Identify how the specialized services like video conferencing,
e-mail and internet have revolutionized the present day
communication scenario along with their working principle
respectively. (16)
(i)Identify how DTH operation is carried out with a neat
diagrams. (8)
(ii)Point out some recently launched satellites by ISRO. (8)
Illustrate elaborately on the various mobile satellite services,
its associated challenges and its impact on services, when
delivered by satellites. (16)
(i) Extend the operation of GPS in detail with necessary
diagrams. (8)
(ii) Review the concepts of VSAT system in detail with neat
diagrams. (8)
Discuss about
(i) INTELSAT (4)
(ii) E-mail (4)
(iii) BTV (4)
(iv) DTH (4)

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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

(i) Explain about

(a)INMARSAT (8)
(b) GRAMSAT. (8)
Summarize the details about INSAT. (16)
Elaborate the main features and services offered by mobile
satellite systems. (16)
(i)Illustrate about LEO & MEO. (8)
(ii)Examine the operation of DAB with neat diagrams. (8)
Summarize the main features and services offered by the
orbcomm satellite system. (16)
(i)Show how the demand assigned multiple access and various
configuration used on VSAT (8)
(ii)Write a short note on RADARSAT. (8)

VEC/BE/ECE/QB/VII/EC6004/SAT COMM/2016-2017/ODD SEM -

BTL2

Understand

BTL1
BTL6

Remember
Create

BTL 4

Analyze

BTL 5

Evaluate

BTL1

Remember

PreparedbyS.Marirajan,A.P.(Sr.G)Page14

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