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Cell Bio Lab 2
Cell Bio Lab 2
between cells. Ciliated columnar cells are a single layer of rectangular cells that have
hair-like processes called cilia, that help move fluids or particles across its surface. They
function as protection for the areas such as the stomach or uterine tubes. Non-ciliated
columnar cells are also a single layer of rectangular cells, but rather, they have microvilli,
which increase their surface area and improve their main function of absorption.
8. Compare and contrast skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles.
Skeletal muscle is striated, multinucleated and unbranched. The body can voluntarily
control skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle is striated as well, except it is mono-nucleated
and involuntary. Smooth muscle is non-striated and spinal shaped, as well as involuntary.
Extra Credit: What is a stem cell? Name the two types of stem cells and how do they
differ?
Stem cells are cells that have the ability to develop into a large number of different cells
during early life. Two types of stem cells are embryonic stem cells, which fetuses possess
and somatic stem cells, which adults possess.
9. Describe the structure, function and location (in which tissue will you find them) of
the following cell types:
a. Fibroblast: Flattened cells with tapered ends. Secrete grounding substances and
fibers such as collagen, elastase, fibronectin and laminin. Provide strength. Found
in connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments.
b. Mast Cell: Small and circular. Releases histamine and other substances during
inflammatory and allergic reactions. Found in connective tissue.
c. Macrophages: Large and circular, sometimes have extended pseudopodia. They
secrete cytokines and defend against infection. Found in blood and connective
tissue.
d. Plasma Cells: Circular cells with large nucleus. White blood cells that secrete
antibodies. Found in the blood and connective tissue.
e. Chondrocytes: Round and clustered. Produce and maintain cartilage.
f. Adipocytes: Large cells with a small nucleus and large vacuoles that store fat:
triglycerides. Found in connective tissue, such as deep in the skin and around
organs.
g. Osteocytes: Cell that occupies a small chamber called the lacuna, formed within
bone. They secrete substances which form and maintain bone. Found in bone.