6 CAMBRIDGE [4 UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS YP ESOL Examinations Cambridge English | Student's Book with answers DYYI ET, Melt - Ch Annette Capel Wendy Sharp BUC)Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, S30 Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK waww.cambridge-org Information on this title: wwvecambridge.org/g78052078792 © Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication isin copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2000 Second edition 2008 ‘hid edition published 2012 Reprinted 2012 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catologue for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-77878-5 Student’s Book without answers with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-77879-2 Student's Book with answers with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-17909-6 Teacher's Book with Teacher's Resources Audio CD/CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-17881-5. 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Cover concept by Tim Eicack Produced by Kamae Design, OxfordMap of Objective First Student’s Book _ Fashion: descibing people pam folders 14-15, Unita . ‘The virtual world 1 19 | Computer games the Internet Weiting folder 20-21 unis: t Going places 22-25 Travel exam folder 2 26-27 nig s Endangered 28-31 Animals Writing folder 232-93 Unig Mixed emotions 34-37 Describing frightening and positive experiences Exam folder 3 38-39 gale Writing folder3 44-45 Exam folder 4 52-53 Unita Growing up Childhood Witing folder 4 58-59 =~ Paper 4 Listening: | Paper 3 Use of Eli: © Paper 1 Reading: 1 Paper 4 Listening: 1 "Paper 5 Speaking: 2 ond 4 © Paper (Reading: 1 VOCABULARY ‘Arreaane resal vers EXAM PRACTICE ‘per S Spealing? 3 Paper 3 Use of English: 4 ‘Key word transformations compureNs. Golllocations ‘Word formation Paper 2 Welting: Land 2 Informal letters and emails peeing? edie Obipienacsay aves a noun PaperdLiseniog? aid permusion > Topic set travel ad holidays Paper 3 Useof English; Land4 Prepositions oflocation Phrasal verbs . Collocations Paper 3 Use of English: 3 ‘Word formation Papert Reading 5 gine Ee omnes : Paper 3 Use of English: 4 Compound adjectives Word formation. “Topic set paris of animals Expressions with time Paper 2 Weting 1 ‘Transactional letters and emails 1 (formal) : aaa Paper § Use of English: 2 “ jasampie Mormons 2 locations - adverbs of degree Paper 3 Use of English: 2 pen cloze Paper 3 Use of English: 1 ‘Multiple choice doze Phrasal Yes wih get Word formation Paper 3 Use of English: 3 Paper 2 Writing:2 Essays MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOK 3VOCABULARY 4 \ MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOKTOPIC EXAM PRACTICE GRAMMAR VOCABULARY MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOKny Content of the Cambridge English: First ‘The Cambridge English: First examination consists of five papers, each of which is worth 40 marks. It is not necessary to pass al five papers in order to pass the examination. If you achieve a grade A in the examination, you will be awarded the First Certificate in English and your certificate will state that you demonstrated ability at C1 level. Ifyou achieve grade B or C, you will be awarded the First Certificate in English at Level B2. If your performance is below B2, but falls within Level BI, you will get a Cambridge English certificate stating that you demonstrated ability at B1 level ‘You will also be given some indication of your performance on the individual papers, i.e. whether you have done especially well or badly Paper Reading 1 hour “There are three parts to this paper and they are always in the same order, Each part contains a text and a : comprehension task. The texts used are from newspaper and magazine articles, fiction, guides and reviews i eel pete cee Paper 2 Writing 1hour20 minutes ‘There are two parts to this paper. Part 1 is compulsory, you have to answer it. In Part 2 there are four questions and you must choose one, Each part carries equal marks and you are expected to write between 120-150 words for Task 1 and 120-180 for Task 2. poe Theresa a : - : et books, S : : o =) CONTENT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRSTPaper 3 Use of English 45 minutes “There are four parts to this paper, which tests your grammar and vocabulary. Coe Circe Paper 4 Listening about 40 minutes ‘There are four parts to this paper. Each part is heard twice. ‘The texts are a variety of types with either one speaker or more than one. a Task type es “Task format eis Paper 5 Speaking about 14 minutes ‘There are four parts to this paper. There are usually two of you taking the examination and two examiners. This paper tests your accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation and your ability to communicate and complete the tasks. Task type CONTENT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST 7Acknowledgements ‘ie piensa eile Tommasi ns ace ra OW 4, ei eg aa ‘Se tipisnaaramatsonear tarda ee Reet irncigns actin ni a te {ryote ne Se Sar [Get ert trvale ate ro ‘Sooeinca ic ‘ese ic iil rhc pti ne ‘Resco neces ream ae Sceiphensty antic blroewesaeaon ‘ecu plist erage ep esdd Datehctiresrect ct in eta ar Hiei nanl ee Mra Te ailment Seopa tym alae er clachdpoc ‘fete my tyr rnp Rearveatepeaieatl emtarendoattigas ecru ia tian ctl ate Srna i Seen pens is cet fege and EN agra et aa otra ot neces ent ‘Gop int orga ea Peale Remar anin one atdy Depa tne Sete emer er Sincere Matai gh af tn Sui iaeniteno iy et sete tat oat cetera arcergig chase ‘combine cc ny iceman nal scorer dle ade ery Share te bard ee Simtacien map eCtins Tabs dan seceeago ‘Sasa ee err ‘set Useny tae eigen ed Let Sc ress ta feos iter brcer n e7ta0 ,Cie Soong Capea ep om eerie ph ‘te ned kn iw ng 2 a Met ey ‘oem uaa cgi cates (chen es Gar et ene ge on ‘ppm se cre ge oy splint at ea a en at Seas Wt. tat nr dy Be ‘Saute ora caetirs Sn en eps ey ee dey Tal ches ey ea i a Sry ested Same tac es fsieesene Seed en Sora cet Seas Fag ta en ne rn na he et orice raiacta ong ae eats itt Seer eer ay Ea pte i cine ebuece tntp eine tee hn Scenes i tio se feces br no eh Seka ye te Sbarro Deine a on fA Spanair a amd ac Tompiecmmennge ‘econ eno Me al ti ce ay Ses ire St mmei as Sah Serre unr wl cca GRU cerme taconite eoecunee re Sm Ke poemicma cere ue Soar tv SS area cere ict te ee, SE pula en cops oer Ss Tet een an hewn ee eae onda ean ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS oto snovngrnents 1 10(akStciohoafnin Herbs 10th Ag oie ‘Phcopphcen comp WO (brs ery tae 10 (2) tek! ‘Rim tox) Dreuncenrtnace Fubra p10 ‘Seckninaepi p10 Comer akc p10 (Sean sat {pltegptraecnsp 1 #1 One tre 9.2) Tea ge Sirens 9.2213) Goin etme. 23h tafe Ugo "uchione.24) Heras Sod, 8 (et oa Thee Stato ures Nee sce Layo oar. 8) Dts B eeuniOS jay pb emp eer 3 aor hen ‘chin: oA topstories Eolas aia er eon rr [isp 0 1 Laon age p50 (Con at Soper p20 (Re ‘ile ht Pacman ps apr Gat frag 6 hve ‘ater pap oh Peer Sepetad 4(3)Ted? 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(8) a da Ped Gey lage pb) Dale Dry ee eC Rest Dewan TR 1100) Toc. 102: Dave ‘Rempaoihe icf Accom Inge 109) Mr Bama 10 (Ghsitdeptetan Manes, UL bowel Te Teves Pst ptr Rogen Dero: TRIB 19 wei 118 (ee [agen by StalspenctCage Ona Prep 8 fab Cael are Marjorie Coal Narkacamaany pis tne Theat Dee ty [ose rasOen Gra. 8 cad ren Anges Reh olsen ‘Bip 6 (rh tr Bi Beth He Linky Dar used Clty and tree Reta een Tae ado ee oe ep. Tine bean bn Rerun Bp MA et (fete Se Macy 4) ana oak Ande Cone ‘Bhs gene Peary pene Soe turer. 2 sha a Det beg p10 (Ths 15010) HavSopernoe p90 9) rede Senkoen Pars. Hone apa teres TH p30 Cer Tact 386 (2 ee ‘onde Ubutousa a. 236 (uaa Clot rape pS [elas res Lode. aspen pHs Dees acetone Imani ABP. ge. Couey Cond Ms stl Ms a ww ganabadtng 14 bree CetonRer tes. Ser Gab pl ocghcimaeron pH Ary Chak eye Potlibarorsp. e194 Stepp pho DISUAT leisy 154) OUnveraioeret Catone eer 1A} Sramwensroe Amand Cote 686 Koon ah “Zameen Fes 185 (Chk Paap. 18 Mergen reel Pas! aul cabeion pe by Beutsent Na 2 RL Paes Pra ion nen 160) Almay (Neha apa lector. 18h Ld Woodhee Ungueaenn (aban Sine ‘uo ahve Le A 18,7, Dams go p132 Kaze Donel. NA Dy Dieta oh Tis, oy foke toss fate Macgp H1,sltLowie ers pristine Maeda, a atea sRae Fol. 8 Keapesttn gp. 4165 are oa bl Taman. "Weare mble ace ephedra tape ie 421) {ne Hens tat spec om page 9,988 77 1 nd, we nod chins pe yan can Hate Aa, eh al Dae The Soko Pee arch by Kei Br, sue rncr hy be Moee iiNew for the third edition of Objective First In this third edition, there are plenty of new texts, pictures and exercises, as well as new audio recordings. The course has been informed by the English Vocabulary Profile (see below). which guarantees suitable treatment of words, phrases and phrasal verbs at B2 level. A CD-ROM and free website material provide additional support. ESD English Vocabulary Profile ‘The English Vocabulary Profile is an online resource with detailed and up-to-date information about the words, phrases, phrasal verbs and idioms that learners of English know at each of the six levels of the Common European Framework ~ AI to C2. The authors have used this rich apd reliable resource to select vocabulary that is relevant to the B2 level. The course deals systematically with areas of vocabulary development thet are important for the Cambridge English: First examination: topic vocabulary, common words with several meanings, phrases and collocations, phrasal verbs and word families. €* CD-ROM On the CD-ROM there are 96 exercises, eight for each pair of units, giving extra practice in vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening and writing, There are also additional resources for students including downloadable wordlists with and without definitions, Website www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivefirst On this wet you will find a number of useful resources for both students and teachers: a {ree photocopiable Cambridge English: Fist Practice Test with audio, and photocopiable unit by unit wordlists. NEW FOR THE THIRD EDITION OF OBJECTIVE FIRST 9How Important is fashion to you? What sort of clothes do you prefer to wear? Do you ever have to wear things you don’t really ike? Ifo, when, and why? Talk with a partner, Describe what people in the class are wearing today. Then list topic vocabulary in sets like these. Clothes: suit, sweatshirt, eee Footwear: boots, sandals, Jewellery: bracelet, earrings, Headgear: hood., helmet, cee Materials: woollen, leather, 7 Appearance: casual, smart, ‘Work in pairs. Choose a pair of photos, for example 1a and tb. Describe what each person is wearing and say something about their appearance, In the same pairs, compare the two people in your photos. These examples may help you. The one on the left is younger than the one on the right. ‘This girs clothes are not as stylish as the other one’s This man seems to be less serious than the man in the suit, ‘As a class, summarise what you sald about the people, >) unin ers Listening 6 ‘ZB You will hear some short recordings, where five of the people in the photos talk about what they like ‘to wear. Say who is speaking in each case. Here isan example, Speaker 1s the man in photo 3b. Look at his photo as you listen. In this transcript of what Speaker | says, some words and phrases are highlighted. This is to show that parts of an exam recording may make you think that other answers are possible. This is why ‘you must listen carefully and check when you listen a second time. Tim not a suit man, Even for work, I can get away with casual stuff, though I still like my clothes to Took smart. I love shopping - my favourite place is Paul Smith in Covent Garden. I bought a really nice woollen shirt there recently. Clothes are important to me, but they need to be comfortable as well as stylish, “i Now listen to the other four speakers and match the correct photo to each speaker. Compare answers with someone else when you have finished. Speaker 2] Speaker 3. [| Speaker 4 [] Speaker 5 [7] tVocabulary Phrasal verbs ‘especially in informal situations. You already know some basic phrasal verbs: for example, you wake up in the morning and put o» your clothes. These phrasal verbs are at Al and A2 level. However, the ones you will need to learn at B2 will be harder than these because their meaning will be less obvious. Objective First will give you regular help in learning phrasal verbs. Tn your vocabulary notebook you can organise them + by topic, eg. phrasal verbs for Fashion and clothes + by main verb, eg, phrasal verbs with go + by particle (adverb or preposition), e.g, phrasal verbs with owt In the recordings there are several examples of phrasal verbs, For example, Speaker I says: Even for work, I can get away with casual stuff. Be careful with word order: three-part phrasal verbs like the example are never separated. Two-part phrasal verbs containing an adverb have a flexible word order when used with a noun object, but if the object is a pronoun, it always comes between the verb and the adverb. EXAMPLE: [ried on the red jacket tried the red jacket on. J tried it on. Phrasal verbs are used in spoken and written English, 7. listen to Speakers 2-5 again and tick the phrasal verbs ‘you hear. Then match them to definitions a-I. add to, go out save up cut down keep up with slip on dress up pull on stand out ficin with put together take back a be easy to see or notice b create something by joining or combining different things € return something wear smarter clothes than usual € Keep money for something in the future f reduce § put something on quickly hi go somewhere for entertainment i understand something that is changing fast Phrasal verbs with go 8 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb with go. Use the correct form of go and an adverb or preposition from the box. go+ [ahead back for in on over up EXAMPLE: That new shop has some great swimwear. I soent. Jn, there yesterday forthe first time. a The prices of leather bags have non @ Jot recently. b Why ate you looking at me like that? Whats een? ¢ The design company the applicant with the best portfolio. @Tccnsmmnens to the same shoe shop but there were no more pairs in my size. € You'll need 10. ocnunwuwall the figures in the report to check they're correct. £ Can I wear your necklace tonight? = SUE ere! © Now complete this letter with some of the phrasal verbs from 7. Mote than one answer may be possible. Dear Fayre Last night, Maria, Sally dec T Qs chabbing. Tas late tack from work, 20 T just (2) csinacninninionimnn S006 Hack jets and a. sparkly T-shirt, kt. the. other tao. retily 3) cnensnnennennns | Marie Chose te ssturving purple dress and sprayed. her bor geld. Sally (8) the most autrageaus outfit ~ red leather shorts, a@ bright green tep arc kree-length hacks with stars on. When we got there, they both (5) i lee vary erchvary cmpartaon Honestly: cant a thay re so Fahne 10 What advice would you give the weiter? Discuss in pairs.Comparison 1 Read this short text about the fashion industry. Do you agree with its viewpoint? © Why is it that fashion houses design their clothes for the youngest and skinniest men T and women? We may not actually want to look like supermodels, but itis a fact that 1 the most underweight models have dominated the world’s catwalks for a very long time, It sooms it is not in the interests of the fashion industry to represent an ‘average’ | person, Although ‘simmer’ may not always meen ‘more desirable! in the real world, 4 fashion succeeds because it carries -with it that image of the least achievable figure. 2. These comparison structures are used with adjectives. er than — more... than the most... the est less...than the least. a Why do we say younger than but less serious than; and the youngest but the most underweight? b Which common adjectives can we either add -er/-est to or use more/most with? ‘¢ What are the spelling rules for forming the comparative and superlative of words like slina and skinny? ‘Check the Grammar folder when you see this: 3. Give the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives. bright [brighter ___—_| the brightest big | pee ‘hin [anette | casual | more/ess anual ‘outrageous | more/less outrageous | _ the best b Tracksats maybe... enim 4 Now complete the following sentences by using one of the adjectives in 3, choosing either the comparative oF the superlative form. a Haye you painted this room recently? Everything's Hooking a 10t nen than before. b Out of all my friends, Jake wears oe clothes ~ take his handmade plastic coat, for example! ¢ Don't dress up for the club tonight - everyone's looking there nowadays. You cant put those disgusting jeans on again ~ they're 7 pair I've ever see ¢ Tima bit worried about Sally. She doesn't eat a thing and so she’s getting i than ever, £ My brother has. _. taste in ties ever ~ awful designs in really odd colours! g There's no way you can fit into my shoes ~ your feet area lot on than mine! h Market stalls often offer slightly 7 value for money than shops. the best for {5 not as...as/ not so...as You used this structure to compare the people in the photos in the last lesson, Now compare these different types of footwear in the same way, choosing suitable adjectives from the ones below to describe them. comfortable elegant practical outrageous EXAMPLE: The high-heeled shoes don't look as comfortable as the flip flops. 6 Identify the comparative adverbs in this short newspaper article and then explain how they are formed. ss =o Boe com ean aoe 7 What do you fee! about counterfeit goods? Would you buy them? Why? / Why not? 8 Practise comparison structures by completing the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first Use the word given. © Mary is shorter than her brother. NOT Mary is......NOT.AS TALL, AS.....her brother. 1. These sunglasses cost a bit less than my last pair. WERE ‘These sunglasses oa than my last pair. 2 Coco Chanel was an extremely talented designer. Most Coco Chanel was one of. = in the world. 3 preferred you with curlier hair. STRAIGHT I preferred your hair when it wasnt 4 This shoe shop is the cheapest one I've found. EXPENSIVE ‘This shoe shop is all the ones Pve found. 5 Suzanne's host at the dinner party wasn't as elegantly dressed as she was. MORE At the dinner party, Suzanne was far cece her host. 6 It takes much less time to travel by train than by car. LOT ‘Travelling by train _-travelling by car 7 Harry weats smarter clothes now he has a girlfriend. LESS Harry dressed 7 he didn't have a girlfriend, 8 ‘That model is only 17 ~ I thought she was older. As That model is Not. I thought. FASHION MATTERS B |Paper 3 Part 4 Key word transformations In this part of the Use of English paper you are tested on both grammar and ‘vocabulary. There are eight questions and an example at the beginning, You can get up to two marks for each question. 1 Read the Part 4 exam instructions below and then look at the example (0). ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Ro not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). (© Have you got a belt that is cheaper than this one? < first sentence LESS <- key word ~ this never changes Have you got nn pene _.than this one? The second sentence must mean the same as the first when its complete. ‘The gap can be filled by the words ‘a less expensive belt’, so you write: Example: [0] [A L655 EXPENSIVE BELT 1 mark + 1 mark Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 2. Think about what is important in this exam task, What advice would you give another student about answering Patt 4 in the exam? 3 Now read the advice given in the bullet points EXAM ADVICE @ Read the First sentence carefully ‘© Think about hovr the key word given is commonly used. ‘© Complete the gap with a possible answer. You can use the question paper for rough answers © Count the number of words you have used in the gap. You must use net fewer than tno and not mote than five, including the word in bold, Note that a ‘contracted form such as ‘don't’ counts as two words. ‘@ Read the completed second sentence to check it means the same as the frst {8 Ask yourself whether the words in the gap fi the sentence grammatically fe Transfer your answer (ust the words in the gap) to the answer sheet, '4 Complete these key word transformations, using the instructions in 1 1 ‘A club has just opened in Leeds,” said Maria to Sally. TOLD _ : Maria __. Club in Leeds. 2 I returned the dress to the shop because it was badly made. TOOK Because the dress was badly made, |. to the shop. ae 3: Some shops try really hard to help you. EFFORT Some shops really .. 4 Fifty years ago, cats were stower than they are nowadays. As Fifty years ago, cars... 5 People wear casual clothes where | work. uP People... ‘where I work.” . 6 It'S @ lot easier to learn a language by visiting the country where it's spoken. MucH You can lear a language ...... where it's spoken, you visit the country 7 For me, Stella McCartney is doing a lot more interesting work than other designers today. FAR zi For me, Stella MoCartney is by... vn designer working today. 8 The stall didn't sell much jewellery because of its high prices. 7 : HIGHLY ‘The jewellery on the stall was so ., much was sold.Speaking | How far do you agree with the following statement? Discuss your ideas. ‘Computer games are anti-social and violent, and their users are mindless nerds é ‘nerd /nsid/ noun [Cl] informal someone, ‘especially a man, who isnot fashionable and ‘who is interested in boring things «nerdy ‘adjective informal baring and not fashionable 2 What are the good things about playing games online? Are there any disadvantages? ro : a fe sieliiee Vay Meurer ua Tepe lon w ah 7 Oe eres ee d ee eae ee ge ei Ro cr meen eat a fast pace Se i b easy to get into Me a Sees Os eee te ¢ lots of action Ph ays a Digeo eou Che ects d puzzles to solve ¢ single- and multi-player modes £ suitable for all ages g great background music Eee h sophisticated graphics THE VERDICT ‘© Makes you yawn at time Westerns. *** £19.99 3. In pairs, decide on the five most important features of any computer game, choosing from a-h below. What else do you look for in a virtual game? Ce oe ca ier ie one Ce ecm ie, in Paper theres lotto rad n-only one hour. By skimming ‘ete eacngi very guy, ot tinge nerand just trying to get a general idea of what itis ASE UN Sa eee ee een ca i eee ee ee Nae ee tricity after alt eet eee Reading ee ere one 4 Scan the four online reviews of computer games to He ete esate eres et ce eet ee Pore ean Which game irae om ek eeeemrc ncn a is the cheapest? enter ect eae mentee b gets the best review? Sete cn each new level, but € seems the least suitable for adults? UH LO Se AA ate eet erie eee has the most impressive soundtrack? 5 ¢ PP Where did you find this information? How much text fami) Se8/sis30) 3s did you need to read? @ A great sense of progression as you go from weak to strong — | never thought electricity could be so much fun! **** £87: 16 UNIT 2In groups of four, choose one review each and skim the text to find out what sort of game itis. Then scan your review to find one good and one bad point, looking out for phrases similar to the cones below. Compare your findings with other groups. Good points The best thing about Bad points It a shame that This game is not demanding, perhaps because it's primarity aimed at kids under ten, though with only six levels and:no multi-player mode, it's likely to be a bit disappointing even for the se youngest of players, The litle quy jogs along at a stow rate, which gets extremely boring at times. Jumping works OK, with a nice double- jump facility for things that are out of reach. Graphically, the game looks good with its bright and cotourful cartoony feel, and occasionally a ‘there's some really nice background animation too. It's just too bad there isn’t more content. k = games of this type are becomting mote and more complex, but not this one! Even kids will {get through most of it in an aftemoon, as the puzzles and tasks are far too simple. ‘@ Simplistic gameplay suitable fey EE ‘young audience ** £9.99 Vocabulary Collocations Vocabulary development beyond topic sets is essential for B2 level. Word formation, phrases, phrasal verbs and collocations are all important areas. Learn which words commonly go together ~ nouns after a certain verb, adverbs with adjectives, ete. Some words have 2 close association, for example bitterly disappointed. Strong collocation like these are tested in the exam. 6 Read reviews 1-3 and find the nouns that go with verbs a-d. Then choose two more collocates for each verb from the box. a solve «(review 1) b spend (review 1) © reach (review 2) Ke cnn nnee (FevIEW 3) advantage conclusion crime fortune goal interest_ money _problem Grammar extra - : ly adverts coe Al the adverbs below were used nthe ews conmtr games. Wie down the related adjectives and then say What the speling ules ae fot forming these adverbs ‘easily. endlessly graphically. remmarkably. tly. Some advetbs do nt end in) The most common ofthese areas harlot and wel. Note late avets hordy and lately, which have different meanings. ‘Explain the meaning ofthe adverbs used below 2: Shehardy thought aout work while she was on hol _b Hethought hard before answerng. There have been alt of good fms ately ¢ Mesto forthe him wich shea tanReview of present tenses 1 Identify the underlined tenses in examples a-d. Then complete the grammar explanation below. a The little guy jags along at a slow rate b While you're playing, you can always listen to the musi ¢ Isa shame that the gun resets to weak with each new level. Games of this type are becoming more and more complex. The present tense is used for permanent situations (example...) or to talk about actions which are habitual or repeated (example...). On the other hand, the present -ounnnann tes ig used for temporary situations (example .), or for situations that are changing or developing (example ..). 2 Explain the other uses of each tense that are illustrated in these examples. a Were buying a new computer next weekend. b If you finish all the levels within an hour, you. get extra points. ¢ Don't talk to me while Pm playing! Once you decide where to go, let me know. € All the planets in our solar system orbit the sun. 3 Correct any mistakes with tenses in these sentences. Some sentences are correct. a Electronic books are becoming more and more popular. b This week only, the shop sells all software at 2006 off. ¢ Dont shut down the computer as Fim downloading a film. d As soon.as you are playing this game, you realise the graphics are tremendous — everything is so realistic € My neighbour gives me access to his wifi this week but I'm planning to install my own on Monday. £ When you visit the website, you are getting a choice of free downloadable applications. g Once I find a useful site, I'm bookmarking it for future reference. 18 UNIT 2. 4 Choose the correct present tense for each of these sentences, using the verbs in brackets. 4 My new game is sensational - as soon as you allevel, you something completely different to do, (finish, get) b Generally, computer mantals .eoccnon= but some are still not accessible enough for ‘users, (improve) © An upgrade for this application soon, (come out) In the latest version, a dragon overhead and... sw When You i it. (By, explode, hit) e The company an interface to allow users to personalise their documents. (develop) £ Back-up copies time fo prepare, but they are essential. (take) g Whenever you .. > the system You to enter your password and then it question. (log on, require, generate) h Ifa computer. you nnonennare the ile YOU fon unless YoU... (crash, lose, work, save) it regularly 5. Skim the extract from an article about ‘googlewhacking’ on the opposite page. Then fill each gap with a suitable present tense of one of the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only. There is one extra verb you do not need. add become believe change create encourage find out google mean refer sound spend submit update Compare your answers with another student. In which gaps can both the present simple and the present continuous be used? is there any change in meaning? Which of the verbs that you used do not have a present continuous form? Verbs not normally used in the cor ‘you know any more verbs like this? Cai a random security uous tenses are called ‘stative’ verbs. Do ——a | | i | 7 Many of these adjectives came up on pages 16-17. Divide them into two meaning groups, positive and negative. Which adjectives contain 2 prefix or a suffix? Which one contains both? accessible colourful dull excellent favoufable hopeless impressive mindless sophisticated tricky __umhelpfal ‘Three of these adjectives are tested in 8, and some may also be useful in the writing task on pages 20-21, ‘An experienced web user, Gary Stock, came up with the term ‘googlewhack, which (0), REFERS..toa single entry on @ Google search page It (1) increasingly dict for googlewhackers like Gary to achieve their aim: the appearance of the message ‘Results 1-1 of on their computer screen. Forone thing, people (2) ew web pages and () existing ones all the time, which in tum 8 Use the word given in capitals to form a word @ ut ‘more and more entries on Google. Also, ‘that fits in the numbered gap. Look at the words anyone WhO (5) ns googlewhack fo a website on either side of the gap to decide whether an (6) another ent sl by ding that adjective, adverb or noun is needed. “Tablet computers are growing in 1 Perhaps alot this (7) __lke a waste of tne, ia but Gary Stock (8) that googlewhackng is (©) LORWARIT... Tey generaty weigh | ‘@ meaningful activity that (9) people to surf far less than laptops and are much more the web agai, just ike during the eary dye ofthe Internet ear Gy eee eg | Acconting to many, Google (10)... cour ives by re voce for tablets incorporate a pen-friendly user interface and/or the (3) an handwrite directly into a document. They are very (4)... when it comes to viewing photo slideshows or movies, though reading books (5) oma tablet broadening our Knowledge of the world, People certainly i (11) nnn BbOUt NeW OF UNUSU tings by _googlewhacking — from "bartok nosepleces' to lionaire incinerate But if you (12)... these phrases on Your computer today, wil they stl be googlewhacks? note can be (6) _..» depending on the screen display. Vocabulary en display i 0 POPULAR wore ONMat Ont i 1 ACCESS Recognise words that are formed fiom a common base 2 APPLY word and record them together to help you remember 3 ABLE them. For example, at B2 you should know the noun 4 IMPRESS truth, the adjective true and the adverb truly. Word 5 ELECTRONIC formation using prefixes and suffixes is tested in the 6 TRICK exam, You will also need to know some words with negative prefixes, asin this word family: happiness, unhappiness; happy, unhappy; happily, unhappily. Many nouns have a related adjective formed with the suffix -y, as shown at the end of the dictionary example for nerd on page 16. o ‘Make adjectives in this way from the nouns below. The first ‘three are used in the reviews. What are the spelling rules in cand a a trick b mess ¢ mod d ice ORCI sean e rene eee 8 THE VIRTUAL WORLD 19Maney fotos Informal letters and emails 1. Look at the extracts below. Which two would you describe as informal? How did you decide? This 6s to anform you of the decisions taken at ast week's mecting. Please nate that all members of this department are strictly repired to be present at such madtings ard action may be taken in future to ensure this, , V want te let you all Knew about cur taf gt rapther last neck, a py moe of or stent shtte as A wns @ terfe encase, Why not come lor rest te? There's fe. coffee and bien! nyu let we tll you cbt the perky Zack i tating on Sahurday. Wok, just abeut oxerfone is cong = even that weird guy Seon from eallege! Sack Says he wants us ali Fo be tere, so you'd better vet miss if, why nat come down or a few days? You can stay ak my place you won y Decide for each extract who could have written it, who it was probably written to and why. Gam spot in Paper 2, you may have to write an informal etter orem ‘Think catefully about who you are writing to and why, before you decide whether to use informal language in Part2, you ‘may be glven an extract from a friend's fetter oremailto, reply to, which can also give you clues about a suitable style 2 Read this writing task and find the style clues. Here is part of a letter from an English friend Guess what? My parents have given we Sime sworey For pacing my axens, 50.1 can splash aut on someting really special. 1 can't chease between uyng @ row Computer gaane or saving up & bit mere ard. getting seme clothes. Which do yeu think adic be better? i Ard can you suggest what exactly 1 shauld get? suitable letter to your friend. Write a (120-180 words) 3 The sample answer below would get a low mark, for several reasons. What are they? Dear Frankie Whas briliant ness tn your Letter! | wish to i offer you congratulations about the exam Moreover, how nice to have seme spare cash. Yau say you can't decide if to bay a computer ‘game or some clothes, Don't yon thik that of pu choose some new doties pu mast save lup a bit more money first? Clothes are not as : cheap than computer games and. | krow sou i i like expensive designer aubfits. If you droose computer game, which one? There are 30 many available and to my mind. they are alt the: same in my opinion you should spend the money in something else. Why don't yea ged yourself a news dickonary, for exanple? Then it would. be easter for you to study, weuldn’ ib? 1 hope you will consider my suggestion seniusly aand.| Look Forsard. to recesving a rely from yok in due course. Yours sincerely Correct the errors in paragraph 2 and rewrite paragraphs 1 and 3 in an appropriate style. 4 Work in pairs. Plan how will you answer the task. using the advice below and on the next page. Then write your answer. @ontent ideas Decide whether you think your friend should buy a game or clothes and note down some reasons to support your view. Then think about one specific game ‘or item of clothing. What Is special about it? Compare your ideas. Game: topic, best points, price Clothes: material, colour, style © Ganguage input ‘You need to include these functions: : Congratulations Opinion Advice/SuggestionOrganisation Aletter needs adequate paragraphing, to make it easy to follow. nthe sample answer, paragraph 2 is too long, and the Ideas init are muddled. its important to plan what you are going to say in note form before you start writing. + Use this plan for your letter. ~ Opening formula — Paragraph 1 Initial greetings and congratulations ~ Paragraph 2 Opinion about which item the friend should buy ~ Paragraph 3 Description of one specific item ~ Paragraph 4 Final remarks — Closing formula + Try to use linkers within each paragraph, to improve the flow of the letter. Choose appropriate ones from the list of linkers in 5 opposite to present your ideas in a clear order, + Do not include any postal addresses, as they are not needed in the exam. Biyle Here are some typical features of informal writing. There is at least one example of each in the sample. Contracted forms, for example Fin, don’t Phrasal verbs Phrases with get, take, have, etc, for example fake a Took Short sentences Simple linking words, for example Then Direct questions, for example What about ...? Some exclamation marks (not too many!) Giting your work itis important to read through what you have written and put right any mistakes. Check your work for the following: a Is the grammar accurate? b Is the spelling correct? ¢ Is there enough punctuation? i Is the style consistent? The first letters of the five headings above spell out the word C-.0-S-E. Its important to think about these five elements (Content, Language, Organisation, Style, Editing) for all Paper 2 tasks. And the word ‘Close’ will also remind you to finish a piece of writing, for example by signing off letter. Some candidates in the exam forget to do this and lose marks. Formal or informal? 5 Write inf next to the expressions that are informal. Initial greetings It was great to hear from you. .tnt. am writing with reference to your letter... ‘Thanks for writing to me. ‘Congratulations Well done! . I would like to offer congratulations om... Let me congratulate you on Opinion In my opinion To my mind Thold the view that... Personally, I have no doubt thet . ‘My own thoughts are Advice/Suggestion Why 108 79 cso What about trying... Its recommended that you... YoU COU sassy Turge you to. T suggest that If Twere you ‘Then again Furthermore Better still As well as that What’ more Additionally... Endings Do drop me a line if you have time... T look forward to hearing from you without delay. k Hope to hear from you S001. su Keep in touch... Thope to hear from you at your earliest convenience. E Opening and closing a letter Match these opening and closing formulae and say when you should use each of them. Dear Jayne -, Yours faithfully Dear Sir —“ Yours sincerely Dear Ms Jones Love iferia pair of photos ~ to alk about on thei own. The tak will imvolve comparing ‘andl contrasting the two photos, rather than just deserbing, each one. ‘ 1. Work in pairs, Student A look at photos 1 and 2, and Student B at photos 3 and 4. Student A Who would enjoy these types of holiday? Student B What are the advantages and disadvantages of these types of holiday? Now talk about the following questions in pairs. Which of the holidays in the photos would you choose? Why? b Ifyou had a lot of time and money, where in the world would you most like to go on holiday? Why? Listening 2 4H Read questions 1-10 and, in pairs try to predict what word or words you might need to fil each gap. Then listen to the interview and answer the questions. Steve says that the temperature was usually around Fae a] degrees during the trip. Steve found[_— [2 ]to be the most ‘useful thing he took with him, In his cabin, Steve had a i ‘3 under his bed. Steve says the nationality of the expedition leader was ease eeaeeceerea While Steve was on the cruise, the seas were [eee rere ee] Steve enjoyed seeing the wide range of —_F-6] most of all According to Steve, the only people, besides tourists, in the region were working at al 7] : Steve says that empty] B Jare the i only evidence of fishing in earlier times Cruise ships are forbidden to get rid of in the Antarctic. Ieceecerereeeeeee ag] Steve says its important that [6 isn’t disturbed hy tourists 3 Do you approve of tourists being allowed to go to unspoilt areas of the world? Would you go to Antarctica Ifyou had the opportunity?| Feel Vocabulary Topic set — travel and holidays 4. Ifyou write down new words in categories, it will help you remember them. With a partner, put the words in the box into the following categories: ‘Transport Seaside Accommodation Movement People airline backpacker bed and breakfast campsite caravan cliff coach coast crew ferry flight harbour holiday-makers hostel journey landing shore travel agent voyage _ yacht What other words could go in each category? Phrasal verbs 5 The phrasal verbs in italics are to do with travel. ‘Match each phrasal verb in sentences a-h with one of the meanings 1-8 below. a When we got to the hotel we went to the reception to check in. b Paolo decided he really needed to get away to somewhere hot where he could rest and relax. ¢ The plane is supposed to get in at about 10.00. 4 Dr Lee set of from his house around 6.00 this morning in order to caich his flight When we fly to Japan we usually stop over in Delhi £ When the family went to the travel agency, the travel agent booked them into a hotel on the coast for two weeks. All hotel guests must creck out by midday. Please go to Gate 14 as the plane to Lisbon is due to take off in about 30 minutes, ze to arrive at 2 destination to leave the ground to pay and leave accommodation to stay somewhere for a short time when you are going somewhere else to arrange for someone to stay in (a hotel) to go on holiday to register at your accommodation to begin a journey Rene ewan ‘Now in pairs, tlk about your last holiday using, vocabulary from the exercises above. EXAMPLE: A: Where did you travel to? B:I went to Australia. I caught a plane and had to set off very early in the morning. Collocations 6 Link the verbs in box A with suitable nouns in box B. There is sometimes more than one answer. Do the ‘same words go together in your language? A [take book catch board get_ go B 1g trip plane tan hotel sightseeing flight ship 7 The task below is similar to, but simpler than, the cone you will have in the Use of English paper. Decide which answer, A or B, best fits each gap. Theearlest aircraft takeof and landing (1) were in ils oon dirt tracks Wien it came to land aplanecould (2)... atanyangle depending on. tind dtection. However elds and ack only functioned well dry conditons.in oder to (3)... year-round landings concrete surfaces would be necessary The word import (4)... a NewYork Times article in 1902, where it was (5) that New York was expected to be the main world ‘airport ‘twenty years. However there was competition fort title asa number of other aiports began to openin the 19205~ Albary international Aiportin the United States, Bremen Airport in Germany, Schiphol in The Netherlands, ‘Sydney Airportin Australia and Rome Clamping in aly. Today,tte worlds busiest ports Hartshld- Jackson Atlanta international which s(6) in the United States ts the world’s busiest airport by passenger traffic serving 90 milion passengers pet ‘yd 25 well as by numberof landings and take-off. The airport has 151 (7) and 28 international gates, aid two terminals where passengers (8)._......for thle fights 1 Asites - B spots 2 A reach B approach 3 Alet Ballow 4 Aarrived ——_B appeared ~ 5 A stated B told 6 A set ~ B located 7 Ahome B domestic 8 Acheckin — B take off GOING PLACES 23Modals 1: Obligation, necessity and permission 1 Look at the extracts (a-g) from the recording in 31 and then match them with phrases 1-6. a you should take warm clothes b you really need a windproof coat! € you don't have to socialise if you don't want to cruise ships are not allowed to go where they like € they have to take scientists to lead the excursions £ only small parties are permitted to land you've got to keep quiet ‘Theres no choice Its necessary. Its forbidden. Its allowed. Its not necessary. Its. good idea. UR oe 2. In small groups, talk about the following sentences. Decide why some sentences use must and others use have to. a I must remember to buy a newspaper on my way home. b The doctor says I have to try to take more exercise. ¢ Allcars must be left in the car park, not on the road, 24 \ UNIT 3 3 Imagine you ate extremely rich. in pairs, discuss your holidays in the places shown, using must, have to and don't have to. Talk about transportation, accommodation, food, activities, entertainment and people. When I go to Los Angeles, i tell my secretary that I must stay at the Beverley Wiltshire hotel. My suite must have a private swimming pool and jacuzzi. Luckily | don't have to queue atthe airport as | have a private Jet, and a limousine to meet me. Even though I'm very Tich, | stil have to take a passport like everyone else. oe poe4 Witha partner, talk about the following situations, EXAMPLE: Tm going to travel abroad. ~ [need a new passport. = Ihave to have an injection. = Imust pack my bag = I should buy a new pair of sunglasses but I don't think T have time Its the weekend tomorrow. b My brother is 18 next week. c My friend is getting married soon, 4 I started a new job last week, € ve got toothache, £ Ym having a party on Saturday. 5 You can use permit, allow, let and can to express permission. Notice that both permit and allow are followed by to, and fet and can aren't. What did your parents let you do when you were younger? What are you allowed to do when you are 18 in your country? Using permit, allow, let or can once only, complete these sentences, You may need to add other words. a Twasnit to go on holiday with my friends until I was sixteen. b You stay at this campsite without booking in advance. © Peter me borrow his large suitcase when I went shopping in New York. 4 They because us to board the plane early ‘we only had hand luggage. EE ee @rammar extra Prepositions of eatin BG ee a ‘across at in into off on | “2 The hotel had a swimming pool : fe showed our passports as ¥ ene bank. es the town centre he tatace deing otis. 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 The travel agent said, ‘All passengers for “Marseilles must change trains in Paris! To ‘The travel agent said that all passengers for Marseilles trains in Paris. 2. Smoking in the hotel restaurant is not allowed FORBIDDEN It in the hotel restaurant 3 T wasnt allowed to go on holiday with my friends last year. “Er, My parents ‘on holiday with my friends last year. 4 This is a‘no swimming’ area. PERMITTED You in this area. 5 Its good idea to have health insurance ‘when you go on holiday. GET You before you go on holiday. 6 British passport holders no longer need a visa to visit the USA. HAVE British passport holders... -onrune 8 Visa to Visit the USA any more. 7 It’s not necessary to wear heavy clothing in the summer months. NEED You Seu on heavy clothing in the summer months. 8 You must telephone the hotel and book in advance if you want to be sure of a room. Gor YOU nnn up the hotel and book in advance if you ‘want to be sure of a room. GOING PLACESPaper 3 Part 3 Word formation In this part of the Use of English paper you are given a short text with ten gaps and an example, At the end of some of the lines there is a word in CAPITALS which you will need to change so that it will make sense when it is put in the gap in the same line. In the example below, you are given the verb ‘arrive’ and it needs to be changed into the noun ‘arrival in order for the sentence to make sense. puavece: Their plane's late ..... was due to a thunderstorm during the flight. ARRIVE answer: Their plane's late. ARRIVAL. was due to a thunderstorm during the flight. . You need to read the sentence carefully to decide what kind of word is missing - is it a noun, 7 a verb, an adjective or an adverb? In English we often use prefixes (letter(s) that go in front of a word) and suffixes (letter(s) that go at the end of a word) to change the type of word itis. Prefixes Suffixes 1. The following prefixes al give the 3. NOUNS ~ Typical noun suffixes are: ‘meaning of NOT when they come ation -ion -ness -ship ity before a word. vism ence ment -al ik ir im un ‘Make these words into nouns. diss im-— mis- a happy recommend g friend ‘We often, but not always, put il b intelligent e act b pay before words beginning with |, © approve f popular i tour ir- before words beginning with r, and im. before words beginning 4 Not all nouns follow the above pattern. Make nouns from these words. with m and p. a true c die Which prefix do we use to make b succeed d high ‘these words negative? 5 ADJECTIVES ~Typleal adjectival suffixes ae: a satisfied h happy sible -able -y -al b patient i responsible vive ful ess -ous © expensive j- understand ‘Make these words into adjectives. 4 legal K appear e possible 1 regular a wind d danger g value f comfortable mmoral b amract @ end h access g honest © hope f accident 2 What meaning do you think these © ADVERBS ~ Adverbs are usually formed by adding the suffix -yto the prefixes give to the word that adjective. Be careful with spelling. follows? Can you think of some more complete ~ completely reasonable ~ reasonably examples? temporary ~ temporarily basic - basically non-stop 4 untie real - really bb retrain € underline ‘And there are some exceptions: © subway true ~ truly (NOT truely) = - shy ~ shyly (NOT shily) public ~ publicly (NOT publically)‘Make these words into adverbs. a steady 4 annual b active ¢ extraordinary ¢ necessary f automatic 7. VERBS - It is less common in Part 3 of Paper 3 to have to form a verb. However, you may be asked to make ‘changes to a verb by using a prefix such as un-,dis- or e-, or to make a noun or an adjective into a verb by using the prefixes dis- or re. Change these words using un, dis- or re- a new © pay b courage £ approve « do g lock d build Itis more likely that you will need to change a verb into a noun or adjective. Change these verbs to nouns. EXAM ADVICE ‘© Read through the text carefully to get an idea of what tis about. © Decide wnat kind of word is missing -isit an adjective, verb, noun or adverb? {© Make sure that your cheice makes sense inthe sentence. Some words may need to have a negative prefix. ‘ann: The waitress took ages to bring us the menu ‘and Ifound her very tude and... HELP hh communicate 1 identify swswen: UNHELPFUL i measure m introduce io Chak thal jou have pale worae Saye j satisfy iscazrae {© You MUST write our answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, k maintain 8 Read through the A DISTINGUISHED MAP-MAKER ‘ fest onthe rghtand Example: [0] [P]«]2 [2]? |e la] Tr] o[w kind of words you In 1538, the (0).....of a world map showed North and South PUBLISH need to make. For America as seperate continents for the first time. The man example, Qisanoun who (1)... this important map was called Gerardlus PRODUCT (PUBLICATION).List_ Mercator. Mercator spent his (2)... in Flanders, where YOUNG the parts of speech he became known as an (2)... talented map-maker. EXTREME for gaps io and then Besides teaching mathematics to the students at the complete the task. University of Louvain, he also earned extra money 1 = vaRB making (4)... instruments. SCIENCE 2 In 1544, he was briefly imprisoned for his (6)...... beliefs RELIGION 3 ‘and, fearing for his family's (6) ...., he went to live in the SAFE 7 Rhineland, where he remained for the rest of his life sans Mercator's youngest son Rumold became his father's (7)... REPRESENT 6 after his death In 1594, supervising the (8) ..... of the first APPEAR 7 complete edition of the Mercator world atlas the following year. : ‘Although Mercator constantly updated his maps with new 10 = information, some were (9)... because the earth is round. CORRECT ‘As maps are fat, its virtually (10)..... to show the right scale, POSSIBLE area and direction on one map.1. Match the animal or bird with the correct photo. tiger shark sriow leopard orang-utanthick-billed parrot polar bear koala Which of the above are endangered? Do you know why? Ifyou could save one of the above, which would you choose? Why? 2. These sentences include words which are used in connection with animals today. Use an English English dictionary to look up the ‘meaning of the words in bold and ‘then match a-e with +5. ‘@ Arctic animals are now in danger because of b Cutting down the trees where animals live is © Many animals suffer when rivers and streams d There are very few Bengal tigers left because of € Some animals such as the white rhino are 1 called habitat destruction 2. rising sea levels affecting coastal areas of Bangladesh. 3 ice melting due to global warming. 4 are polluted by factories. facing extinction becanse people hunt them for their horns. 28 UNIT 4 “om the same subject. Read the 5 qu “So that you know what you ae looking for. Then scan the text forthe information youneed. 3. Skim texts A-E opposite. They all come from one source. Which do you think itis? @ an encyclopaedia © anarticle D anovel d abrochure 4 You will find that some of the texts are quite similar. itis important ‘that you find the information that actually answers the question. Read the texts opposite and answer the following for practic. a Which person went to the 200 with a relative? You will see that all the relatives mentioned are highlighted in the ‘texts, but only text E has the answer to the question. b Which person thought the zoo was value for money? Allmentions of money are underlined - which answers the question? Now read questions tis and find the answers in texts A-E. When ‘you think you have found the words that gives you the answer, underline them. Which person mentions an exhibit which some visitors find amusing? says visitors can decide on the animal they want to support? ‘was surprised at first by the absence of some animals? ‘says that the 200 was as good as people said it was? gives advice on a means of transport at the zoo? says that one particular aim of the zoo has succeeded? mentions a particular problem which is endangering animals? ‘complains about how long it takes to see everything within the 200? mentions visitors being able to bring retreshments with them? praises the location of the 2002 enjoyed seeing one particular type of animal? ‘was initially unsure about going to a zoo? ‘complains about some people's attitude to less familiar species? says that after visting a particular zoo they changed their mind about zoos? was unconcerned by the number of visitors at the zoo? BRCEEL BERGS re Julia wont to Marwell Zoo with to fbionds from eolloge ast year. lt has over 200 species of rare animals, from Siberian {agers to white chino end snow leopards, Personally, the rod panilas wre my favourites ~thoy're ike cudaly teddy ‘boars, The 200 was only stared in 1972, with breeding as ‘is abjetive, and some species, such as te sebaitar-horned ‘rye, which was oneo extinct in the wild have bean Bred so ‘well that they have been re-introduced ita the wild. Iwas julially amazed by the fact that there ace no traditional no animals lke elephants and penguins there. This 200 specialsos In kooping rare and ondangered species and there is not room or aioney enough to keep anytaing just because it happens toe popular. Thore are, however some traditional features like a café and souvanir shop. | was working as a nanny for two sisters ip Now York last year and dn one of my frae day Ce RC CCL Ceo jon to visit Sen Diego Zoo, It has huge reputation and Iwas interested in whether it would live up (oi 1 wasn't disappotnted. The 200 Was founded in 10106 and the founders coulda’t have pickod a botter place ~ benofittig trom breezes fram the Pacific Ocean Dein. close tn the ety but also having wooded canyons, ‘which make the 200 fun to explore eithar on foot or by B bus or cable car The zoo is homo to a huge number of endangered species. However. one problem for the 200 ‘was that the visitors seemed to he mainly interested in the well-known species such as the polar bear and just ‘walked straight past other more endangered but less well-known species like the thick-billd parrot decided to visit the Bronx Zoo. Animals are kept in large, natural enclosures and the 200 is vory, Loon on visitor edueation about conservation, You get to go into the largest Aican rainforest exhibit in the world - and it actually felt like a real rainforest = with lots of different aminals ike, for example, gorillas. When you come aut you are allowed to select which rainforest aninial you want your ontrance fee to fund. Thore were croveds of fourists at the 200 ‘when I visited, but the place is so big that i didn’t really matter that much. There are a number of inexpensive cafés you can go to, or do as did and take a pienic Tom ‘Many species are now eridangered because of what Is hhapponing to our planot - things like global warming but some zoos are actually doing something to try to conserve these species. Whipsnade Zoa in England Is ote of them. 1 visited it about a month ago when | was backpacking with 4 friend of my brother's. He's studying zoology at university Jn Australia. So he was keen to see what conservation ideas. the zoo had. We had a really good time and it was worth ‘euezy penny. There's a free bus that can take you round all the main sights and 1 would really zecommond you take it The penguin pool is particularly beautifil as itis on top of a hull and has great views. I’ a great place if, like me, you're into photography. 5 Doyou think zoos are a good way of saving endangered species? Why? / Why not? W What do you think of the z00s mentioned in the article? Have you ever been to a z00? What was it like? Vocabulary ord formation ‘When you look up a word in a dictiona related words you can find and make a note of them, 6 Which words related to a-j occur there are loads of places fo sit and enjoy the soanery, Last summer, fas staying with my aunt in Toronto and she Suggested | take my nine-year-old cousin to the 200 as it was her favourite place. I wasn't sure at first that wanted to spend a day at 8 200. I guoss I had always rogarded them as ovor-prleod places with cages and unhappy snimals, but Toronto Zoo soon made me think _, diferent T's quite hig a bit too big if you try wo. go. evorywhere, and it’s a 20-minute journey getting from one area to another, which isa pain, You absolutely must lake a map as well as i's easy to get lost, There: aro four main areas to visit and many of the animals "aro endangored species. I particularly liked the Malayan ‘Woods Pavilion ~ there is arficial rainfall there, whie makes ehildren laugh. look also to see what other | texts A-E? EXAMPLE: expensive (C) ~ inexpensive a tradition (A) b danger (A) © decide (B) d visit (B) i happy (E) rain (E) € conserve (C) enter (C) ii f g 200 (D) h ENDANGERED (s see (D) Las and like 1. Read the explanations below. Some of the examples are taken ftom the article you have read in 4a. + Asis used to refer to a person's profession: Twas working as a nanny for two sisters + Like is only used for comparison or sitnilarty: they're like cuddly teddy bears + Like and such as can be used to mean for example: different animals, ike gorillas things like global warming such as the scimitar-horned ory + Some verbs can be followed by as Thad always regarded them as over- priced Other verbs of this type are refer to, ibe, class, accept use, be known, de and treat. + Asis normally followed by a subject and verb, while like is followed by a oun or pronoun: ordo as I did and take a picnic it actualy felt like a real rainforest Complete the following sentences using as, like or nothing, as appropriate. a The large cat looked b Iknow it sounds ¢ You can work a cheetah, foolish, but I want to buy a tiger. full-time in the z00 souvenir shop. The new penguin area is very big - its an Olympic ES swimming pool. She could photograph the animals just ......a professional. f He went to the fancy dress party dressed a gorilla. & Pete regarded his cat. a member of the family. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, 1 According to the brochure, the 200 was ‘a perfect place to spend the day’ AS The 200 WAS sen Bete eee eee ‘a perfect place to spend the day. 2. In my house, we store our bikes in the garage. STORAGE Tn my Rowse, We nee for our bikes. 3 Sue taught small children in a school in Sydney before returning to the UK. WORKING ppue Seeeee of smal children in a school in Sydney before returning to the UK. 4 My friend, whose name is Edmund, is usually called Fuz at school, KNOWN My friend Edmund Fuz at school. 5 They heard what they thought was a dog barking. SOUNDED They heard a dog barking.a Compound adjectives 4 Acompound adjective is an adjective which has two parts and is usually written with a hyphen. Many have a present or past participle in the second part of the compound, as in this example from 41: a thick-billed parrot ~ a parrot with a thick bill Work through the questions in a-d with a partner. a 1 Who do you think our ‘four-legged friends! are? 2. What is a man-eating tiger? eyes, long hair and a bad temper? r | | t b Do you know anyone who is: 1 left-handed? 2. cross-eyed? 3 bad-tempered? | 4 sharp-tongued? 5. narrow-minded? + Compound adjectives are very useful for describing people, both for character and physical characteristics EXAMPLE: My mother’ a brown-eyed, curly-haired woman, She’ left-handed. She’ a broad- minded and self-confident person. © Some compound adjectives have-a preposition in the second part of the compound. fA) 1 Where would you sit ata drive-in inovie? ©" 2 How would you feel if you were hard-up? 3. How much money de youneed to have to be well-off? ‘Can you think of some more examples? The article in 4:1 talked about a 20-minute journey: Notice that minute is singular not plural How would you describe: 1a road which was fifty kilometres long? 2 a girl who is twelve years old? 3 a film which lasts 75 minutes? 4 a car which costs £35,002 5 a pause which lasts ten seconds? 3. How would you describe a cat which has blue Vocabulary Topic set — parts of animals 5 Decide which of the words below are used with each of these creatures. Some can be used more than once. Use an English-English dictionary to help you parrot bear tiger rhino beak feathers fur horn paw tail wing Expressions with time ‘When you learn expressions such as the ones below, try to write them in a sentence to help you remember them, 6 There are many common expressions with time in English, as inthis example from the article about zoos, wwe had a really good time kill time ten times three haveagood time one at ¢ time tell the time from time to time spend time atime when ‘pass the time * ‘time for breakfast/lunch take time off intime ‘waste time al times (four) times as much Complete sentences a-h with one of the expressions above. a Weall went into the aquarium through the automatic gate. Tusually don’t have enough cu. so I grab a sandwich on the way to work. He says he never puts on weight, but he eats THEE eermennnmen 88 Td, a. people will realise that not spending enough on education is very unwise. € Although Peter decided not to come with us, he said he hoped we WOUlG ea £ Talways take a book to the doctor’ surgery to while f'm waiting. 8 She was given a watch as soon as she learnt to h T really hate... doing stupid 7. Ask your partner these questions. Can you think of three ways of wasting time? b What's the best way of having a good time? ‘¢ What do you do when you have to kill time? ENDANGERED. 31Transactional letters and emails 1 ‘Question 1 in Paper 2 is compulsory - all exam candidates have to answer it. “Transactional means that the letter or email has a particular purpose, and will require further action by its reader, usually in the form of a written response. The letter or email must be based. ‘on the information given in the question. Examples of transactional letters and emails include: writing to a schoo! to request details about a language course; complaining to a company about a holiday; replying to a friend about arrangements for a party. The letter or email | could be formal or informal. For the examination there is no difference in the way you write a letter or an email 1. Look at the following extracts and decide what the writer is doing in each. (Some may be used twice, while others are not used at all) complaining b suggesting © correcting information giving information e asking for information Dinseasnaerccuncrase a bison C18 aie aire oclug nforateh We achally meet ores a week, nol crce'a firrupt and we begn a: # elec, nor 9 o'lck ‘ou also que the pen tn the eb wae pt flr gai pepe I far eae very harry 10 welone people of al ages have always enjoyed working with animals ana have spent every summer working as a riding instrcotor at a Local. stable. ( arm availatle for interview from May 19th this year and {insluce the names and addresses of two people who would be willing to give me a veferenee As Tee aceady said. f shink the gereral seas chacd. Of accommodation sone hotel is deed However, think | that ign heat spend. mare ame ot sag rin i a2 T four, Sone of spar taf especialy those she ceratnh be cahel if and one czason gue he, 2 3 Read this example of a Part 1 task. ‘You have just returned from a trip to Florida. You flew there and back with Ocean Air. You decide to write to the arine to complain about your flight. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to the airine, using all your notes. E CURSO LIL a Flat bearing Agha iy [ask for refund) © wie, comfortaie seats & fend, wol trained eat. NB. quite rude ‘9m goed chnice of food foo raion with set 8) se airadly © the ltt nat emartaamet po Write your letter in 120-150 words. Do not include any postal addresses. In pairs, discuss what you are being asked to do. + Do you need to write a formal or an informal letter? Hlow do you know? + Do you know the name of anyone at the company? How will you begin and end the letter? What kind of tone will your letter take (rude, polite, etc)? + How are you going to organise the letter? For example: how many paragraphs will you need, and what kind of linking words will you use? + Which points do you think are the most important? + Are there any points you think you can leave out? «+ Is there anything you think it would bea good idea to add?| | i | \ i ‘With a partner decide what is wrong with the following letter. For example, there are punctuation mistakes, soa is ticked (/). Do the same with b-}. a punctuation & paragraphing| ] ¢ length) 4 grammar] e vocabulary] £ opening and closing phrases [7] g content points [—] hi spelling |] i. tone (level of politeness, formality) [7] j linking words 7} Dear Si, 1 am wrlting to complain about the fight to Florida that T made with yout aitline on 12th Juno this year We were ‘three hours late boarding the plane. No one was able to ‘tell us why. Another problem was the flight attendant she was very unhelpful 1 hac problems with my hand luggage. She told me she was too busy to hélp mie. T demand some compensation for the problems I had lying with your airline Ifyou don't send me the money ‘mmectately, I wil call my lawyer. Yours faithfully 5. With a partner decide which of these sentences you ‘would use in a format letter and why. You must remember that your letter must have a ‘positive effect’ on the person reading it. [want you to give me back my money. b look forward to hearing from you in the near future. € The food was OK. d Thave decided not to fly with your company again. € I would be grateful if you could send me a refund, f The service was satisfactory, g Ifyou don't do what I tell you, there’ going to be trouble. 1h Lwould appreciate an apology from your company. i Hi Steve! J. See you soon. K Dear Sir or Madam 1 And, another thing, I wort fly with you again because it wasnt very comfortable. = fins eat atmosphere Abbreviations 6 You will sometimes find abbreviations given in the Part-1 task. Decide what the following common abbreviations mean. Use your English-English dictionary to help you. a RSVP g PTO 1 clo beg. h kg, km ‘mapprox. € etc. i nos. n contd ANB j max, min. © mins e tel. k Dr £ Sq, Ave, St, Rd 7 Another type of transactional letter or email task is correcting information, usually from a newspaper article. Look at this task. Write your answer in 120~ 150 words in an appropriate style. In the summer you had a job at a work camp in Kirby in England. AA friand in Kirby has just sent you this article from the local newspaper. You decide to write an ‘email to the newspaper to correct some of the information in the article. Read the article and the notes you have made. ‘Then, write an email to the newspaper, using all your notes. Student slaves at work cam All summer some 30 foreign students were cane hours fo tle more than pocket money'on a loca farm | Sleeping in old tents and with only one shower between 30 people, the students spent their days picking fruit and vegetables. It's a disgrace that vistors to this country ‘who come to these so-called “international work camps? ‘should have to put up with such dreadful conditions, Think that orca / Notes ~ max. stents | mernnga only, weekends fee ~ modem, wooden buildings with showers Inyour email you must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in a style appropriate for the situation.Mixed emotions 1 Put these adjectives in two groups according to positive and negative meaning. Which two are used with stiff to describe a very strong emotion? anxious content —delighted_—_ frightened happy petrified pleased _—_satisfied seared tense terrified thrilled uneasy worried 2. How do the things in the picture make you feel? Use adjectives from sto describe your emotions, Be carefull when using adverbs such as absolutely | and very with adjectives, Think about the | meaning of the adjective ~ is it ‘gradable’ or not? For example, erormous is ungradable, because it already contains the meaning of ‘very, very big. 3 Which sentence in a and b Is correct? Why? a I'm very happy to see you, | Pm absolut to see you b Sam’ very delighted with her present. / Sam's absolutely delighted with her present. ly happy When combining adverbs like these with adjectives, think whether the adjective already means ‘a lot. w\ uns 4 | G@rpus spot Complete the sentences with a suitable adverb from the box. More than-one answer is possible. absohitely completely extremely | really totally very a Sally was astonished to hear that she had won the competition. dark, empty Flat, Alex felt uneasy: ¢ Simon's father sounded his son’ achievements dT arrived late for the film and James was furious with me Martin gets irritated by people asking him the same questions time after time. £ Twas relieved to find out I didn't have to pay the bill after al. proud of eo ~ oO Exam candidates often make mistakes in the speling ofthese adverbs: absolutely NOT absolutly ‘completely NOT complitely extremely NOT extreamly {totally NOT totalyListening 7 (MEE Before you listen to extracts 2-8, read these questions. Think about the words in bold and what to listen out for. Then listen and answer the questions. 2 You hear a man talking about how to deal with fear. Who is he? A an ex-teacher 5 MIBH Listen to this recording, where a man is talking about something frightening that happened to him. Say where the man was and how long he B an ex-pilot spent there, cae dain ‘isa iseraeun tease totter king to her son on the phone. How does she feel? in detail what happened to the Boa man, Use these questions to C relieved help you. 4 You hear a woman talking about something that happened in her 1 Why was he in the building? home, When was she most scared? 2, What time of day was it? ‘A when she heard a burglar upstairs 3) Which two things did he try B while she was watching a horror film to do? C when she suddenly saw a frog 4 Why was he there for solong? 5 You hear a man leaving a phone message. Why is he proud of his daughter? A because she is going to have a book publ B because she has won a writing compe pe ohicmhement shor C because she is doing so well at university _ lag fot each eta reg one 6 ‘You hear a woman describing what happened to her on a journey. questions wil tc crerenr tines for Where did she end up that night? _ example who is speaking, how he or A ona country road ‘she feels, where the recording is taking B in hospital Hace, orwhat ts about. g Cather house 6 Here is the question for the 7 You hear a man being interviewed about a sailing accident. What ‘extract you have just heard. was the worst part of his experience? A being cold B feeling hungry € avoiding sharks 8 You hear a woman talking on the radio about an incident abroad. Why was she able to escape? A She was by the door. B She wasn't noticed. © She had a radio. 1 You hear a man talking about something frightening that happened to him, What was his first reaction? A He sat down and cried. B He decided to call for help, C He tried to keep calm, All three options are mentioned Inthe extract. Listening out for sequence words - that is, words Which tell you what happened when —will help you to decide what his first reaction was. Listen again and note down any sequence words and phrases. Which one signals the answer? 8 How much can you remember about the last account? Discuss with a partner what happened and note down everything in the order it happened. Then listen to extract 8 to check your notes. =a wat tense [rast panicple [become became | rasrhad) become “burst buy creep drive find get hear pe Know fn soe shale. sii spend ‘abe tank weep hich ver as he sare form hvoughout? Da you knew ay cto verbs whic setketse MIXED EMOTIONS 35Review of past tenses 1. Look at examples a-j, which come from the listening in 5.1 Decide which tenses they contain. Where there are two different tenses in the same sentence, list both. past simple (es) past continuous (Pc) present perfect tense (P) past perfect tense (PP) a Tihad this interview for ajob. b [got in the lift and pressed the button. ¢ I've never been in one since. Twas watching a horror movie. € twas the next door neighbour's cat I had heard. f While I was putting away the books, I found. something else. g The others were looking at a map on the table, but I ‘was standing by the back window. hh I knew they hadn't seen me. i When T realised that they had gone, [ran inside. j_ You have recently sailed around the world. Look again at the examples containing two different tenses. Can you explain why each tense is used? Think about when each action happened. 2. Complete this text using the verbs in brackets in elther the past simple or past continuous tense. Quite late one evening I (1) 7 (walk) home alone from college. The wind Q).. oe (blow) hard and it @) -nonsne (Pour) with rain, so there A) oesonnneninnennsnn. (bE) NO One around. Anyway, this big black van (5)... (Grive) past me and (6) (stop), just where the road (7)... (Curve) round. 1 (8) ne t0 go 01, though U9) .-vnnnnnninnnnn (88) increasingly uneasy. However, as soon as I (a0) _. (get) close to the van, ity ven (tive) off. This (a2) (happen) twice more further down the same road. Bach time, the van (13) . (pull up) about fifty metres al ne and then G4) Sonssnans (Wait) Until [almost (as)... on (Gra) level with it, then (16) soem. (Bull away) again, By this stage I (17) nm (BE) absolutely petrified. So I (18) 7 (stand) for a moment under a tree. The rain (19) (come down) in torrents now. [ (20) svevwen (Shake) and Qn) (wonder) what to do next, when a policeman (22) . (come) past. He (23) on his bike because of the heavy rain. 1 push) (24) (grab) him by the arm and 25) onarnnnsnnnns (MAKE) him stop. ‘Then T completely (26) oon 0) to pieces. While he (27) ne (HY) to calm me down, I (28). (hear) the van drive off, thankfully for the last time. I've never walked home on my own since. nn3. Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets in either the past simple or past perfect tense. a We _. (spend) the last three nights shivering in a tent in the middle of nowhere, so we were really pleased when we cee (get) to the hotel. b Jenny svn (tell) us in great detail what serene (HAPPEN) tO her and... (explain) why she _ (find) it so scary at the house. el nonnnn (keep) still for over half an hour and 1. (think) it ca (be) safe at last to come out of sy hiding place. 4 Look at this set of four pictures from an action story. Describe what happened in each scene, starting with ‘the last one (4), and making reference back to what had happened earlier. Remember to use a range of past tenses. Read this extract from. the thriller The Big Sleep, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Why do you think the man telling the story wasn't frightened of the gun? Turn to page 47 to find out if you are right! ‘The gun pointed at my chest. Her hand seemed to (0) BE. quite steady, Haughed (1)... her. I started to walk towards her. [saw her small finger tighten on (2) trigger and grow white at the tp. | was about six feet away from her (3) she started to shoot. The sound (4) the gun made a sharp slap, a brittle crack in the sunlight. I didn't see any smoke. I stopped again (3) grinned at her. She fired twice more, very quickly. 1 don’t think (6) of the shots would have missed. There were five in the little gun, She (7) fired four, I rushed her. I didn’t want the last one in my face, (8) I swerved (o one side. She gave it to me quite carefully, (9) _ worried at all I straightened up. ‘My, but you're cute,’ I said, ‘Heer hand (10) holding the empty gun and began to shake violently. The gun fell out of (UD... Her mouth began to shake. Then her whole face (12) to pieces. Now fill each gap, choosing a suitable word from the box below. There are three words you do not need. [and any at be because it had has not of so some the wel when Can you put these words into grammatical categories? For example, and isa conjunction. These words are typical of the kinds of words that are tested in Paper3 Part 2, MIXED EMOTIONS 37eae Paper 3 Part 2 Open cloze In this part of the Use of English paper you are asked to complete a text containing 12 gaps. You must write only one word in each gap. The missing word is usually a grammar word, but occasionally, vocabulary is tested. There is an example at the beginning, You must write your answers in CAPITAL letters. 1. Here are some examples of what is tested in Paper 3 Part 2. Complete each sentence with one word. 8 Quantifiers ~ many, every, each, et. ‘There were only a... People at the zoo yesterday. b Collocations - set an example, change the subject, bein favour of, etc. Texpect you to ......... Your promise to tidy your room. ¢ Determiners ~ a, some, the, etc. Te lived if un, USA for some years now. d Modals ~ would, should, need, etc. ‘You absolutely... not use this path through the valley - it’ dangerous. © Verb forms ~ done, taking, see, etc. Hes........ working on his homework for two hours now. £ Phrasal verbs — give up, carry on, mnake out, et. Susie has taken... photography. 8 Pronouns ~ mc it, that, etc. ‘Tom hurt... while playing football — he had to go to hospital. h Relative pronouns ~ where, what, which, etc. My wife, is Brazilian, works in the university. i. Comparison ~ more than, one of the worst, etc. Suzanne has twice as... clothes as I do, j Linkers - if although, before, etc. You won't lose weight, you goona diet, k Prepositions ~ on, by, in, etc According ...unu.the website, all flights to Berlin are delayed this morning, EXAM ADVICE © Look atthe tite so you have some idea what the text is about. The tei there to help you. {Read the whole text through crefuly before you decide on an answer. © Always write something down, even Ifyou are not sure of the right answer. © The Word you write MUST be spelt corel. © Check whether the word you need shouldbe singular o plural, pastor present, ee. © Make suc tha the word you write makes sense inthe sentence and text © You mllneed to trarster your answers toa answer sheet, Mae sre you transfer each answer cometRead this text through and then choose the best title from the three below. 1 DON’T TAKE THE RISK! 2 NOTHING TO WORRY ABOUT 3 BALANCING THE RISKS For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Example: [0] [0 [W What are the chances of slipping (0)...,..... banana skin, being hit by lighthing or being struck by a meteorite? These are not the sort of unlucky events that most people (1)... their time thinking about, (2)... one has already happened to them. @ surprising number of people have, (4)... Some time In thelr ves, imagined aliens kidnapping them. Some even have recurring nightmares about it, whereas relatively (6)........ are afraid of dying from flu, even (6).......it is something that is ‘more likely to happen. No doubt many people who go rook climbing will be among the people drinking bottled water on the grounds that itis safer (7)........ drinking tap water. ‘Amazingly, our fear of flying outweighs our fear of driving, but the statistics show that ‘going by plane is so (8)... safer. The best explanation is that people worry more about the possibility of dropping (9) .. Of the alr than of crashing on land. (10) an attempt to educate people about the real and imagined risks of life, scientists havé constructed a scale of risk (11)... they can use to compare any new and unfamiliar risks, (12)... 8 those Involved in taking new medicines, in terms of real events. SRRGESERoo Reading 1. fyou suddenly became famous, how would you feel? What would be the advantages of achieving instant success? Would there be any drawbacks? Gamspot InPapers Part 2, youwillhaveto. complete a gapped text, where seven “sentences have been temoved Ths typeof tent has a clear development ‘of ideas You should ook out for ‘words that refer back and forwards lithe tet, such a5 rand this 25 well as teferences to spectic content. This wil help you to fitshe text together. 2 Read the headline and the first paragraph of the article, Why has this git become famous? 3. Now read the whole text, paying attention to the highlighted parts around gaps 1-7. These give you content clues for the missing sentences. t British student, 19, becomes instant superstar in China TIL RECENTLY, her greatest Jhowbusiness moment had been swinning £45 in the Undiscovered Youth Talent Contes in the small town of Stroud in Gloucestershire, close t0 her family home. But now, Maty-Iess “Leaverland bas found fame in China overnight, following her appearance in she took port in 2 small singing ‘competition for foreigners, which she ‘won. It was through this event that she was telent-spotted for the show ‘Min Xing Chang Fan Tian (the name translates as { Want to Sing to the ‘Stars). The show's producers were so impressed by her performance that ahey invited er to audition. ‘Min Ning Chang Fan Tian is live ‘competition on Chinese television, though iis broadcast only in Jiangsu province [EL —]The show follows a similar formato The X Factor, aod has judging panel ofthe experts, These are drawn from local record executives and songwriters. “Mary-less won frst place on Min Xing Chang Fan Tian. To reach the finals, she hed sung the Puecini aria O Mio Babbino Caro before performing Saral Brightmen’s Time To Say Goodie. [8] | Her winning performance in Mandarin was Fue Guang Af Ren (Moonlight Lovers), the theme mne to {he hit film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. ‘Iwas the only foreign person in the finals and I sill can’t believe | won.” She was rewarded with a cash prize of around £3,000, as well as gaining a trophy and a CD recording of a regional TV talent show there. FHT J ndecd, thanks to YouTube, she is being talked about not just by her friends at home but the whole world over, and has appeared in TV interviews to discuss her story The 19-year-old exchange student ‘won Jiangsu province's equivalent of The X Factor show by singing in ‘Mandarin, And although there are n0 sillion-pound record deals on offer as ‘yet, she is discovering what life is ike as a superstar.[2] _ ] She claims to be enjoying this new-found celebrity status, “It is really strange, but nice," ‘she said. “It was the most exciting thing I have ever done in my life. My friends think itis cool because they just know me a5 me." “Maryeless, who is fluent in Mandarin and ltaian, is studying for a degree in Chinese and Musie. [31 | Shorly after she arrived in the country, herself [8] —_] ‘If Thadn’t won, 1 ‘woulda't havo Been able fo come home for Christmas because] woulin’t hhave been able to afford the flight? MaryeJes, who has @ 17-year-old sister, Chez. ‘According to Mary-Jess, her singing talent is part of family tradition “She was areal inspiration ‘but my mau is my main inspiration, ‘We even sing together in a duo wien. ‘Tam home.* For obvious reasons, ther mother Liz was unable to watel her daughter triumph. would have loved to be there but I saw some of the videos and seeing Mary-Jess in the Timonsine and on the red carpet was amazing,’ she said. I'm just so proud of her and hope she ean continue in the industry’4 Now use the highlighted words in A-H to help you decide where each sentence fits. Remember that one sentence is not needed. As part of her course, she has been spending a year in Fangsu province. ‘This was the song that had won her that original “best in show’ tile in Britain, Although it pales into insignificance beside the ‘amounts involved in The X Factor, this sum was still very welcome. She has really missed her family and friends though. However, it is no small-scale event, asthe region has population of 70 million. Her grandmother was a semi-professional opera singer. People keep on stopping the singing sensation in the street to ask for her autograph, (Hy Ste has also made the headlines back in Britain, 5 Would you have taken part in the competition? Why? / Why not? Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with keep 6 The verb keep occurs in many phrasal verbs, as in this ‘example from the article. People keep on stopping her in the street. Match definitions a-f to the correct phrasal verb. One is used twice with different meanings Keep away keep down keep in keep to_keep up with a stop the number, level or size of something from increasing b make someone stay in hospital € understand something that is changing very fast d stay with something such as.a plan, subject, path € move at the same speed as someone or something £ not go somewhere or near something Use a phrasal verb with keep in the correct tense to complete a-h, adding a pronoun if necessary. Professor Grant’ lectures would be much shorter if he the point! B Dray a. omens nnn British news when 1 was living in Chile, ¢ We generally from the city centre during the day as its so crowded. Sally swims so fast! I never manage to € Mark had the operation on Saturday but they're sn snes mene FOF MOTE LeStS, f Its easy to get lost on the mountain, so make sure you the path. g IfBen time at the meeting, we'll be finished by three. ht My weight increasing ~ I have to exercise to if Word formation 8 Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the numbered gap. a alinost (1) Gyan ue image of a celebrity in it. The (2) Ge eee eons so ty Corfe tee ete ee sy tt Se ee eee: Searels esses anus ee ae ree oa: Geers, ete Grrl, eat) fe es Geko ca Marine too nue QO Cie else aS) Shel cane wera ae eee ee oe oe a 0 FASCINATE 6 PERSON 1 POSSIBLE 7 UNDERSTAND 2 ARGUE 8 SCIENCE 3 REAL 9 SUCCESS 4 LIFE 10 HUNT. 5 END WHAT IF?Conditionals with if 1. $B You are going to listen to four short extracts, where people talk about winning the lottery. How would their lives change if they won? 2. Explain what the contracted verb forms are in these examples of conditional sentences, How do the sentences differ in ‘theiy use of tenses? a If won the lottery, Td buy 2 beautiful house in Spain, b ft hadn't won, [ wouldn't have been able to afford the flight. Which types of conditional sentences are a and b? Choose from 0-3. 0 situation that happens often 1 a situation that may happen in the future 2a situation that is unlikely to happen 3 a situation that could have happened in the past, but didn't 3. Match the two halves of each sentence. Ifyou did more revision, Ifit snows, . I Thave time, If Helen comes round, If there had been a vote, . If they finish early, .. Ifyou swam regularly, ... If fd known about the risk, ‘welll get our skis out. shell be able to tell you. Sam and Bernie usually have a coffee. yould pass the exam Ta never have eaten seafood. they would have lost. like to walk to work. your body would be in better shape. eVauUeUNe BHM An oe = unir 6 Conditionals with unless 4 Read these examples and explain the meaning of unless. ‘a Well miss the start of the match unless Juan arrives soon. b Unless you've already got tickets, you won't be able to get in. 5 There are eight mistakes with tenses in this story. Correct the mistakes and fil the gaps with for unless. Examples have been done for you. hadn't been Yesterday was a very bad day. (0) AE. twat reining, perhaps it wouldn't have ben 80 olfficut. The thing is, Inver dive to works a). its raining, But t was pouring and I needed to get to ‘an imporant meeting, 80 | took the car. It broke own an the way: @) _.. had it serviced reguizry, | know ir worit 6 so “unreliable, but garages charge so much these daye that | clor't bother. | decided to sal the breakcown company cn my mobile phone. Wel, ‘would have done that (3) ‘my mobile hasn't run out of battery! Newer mind, I thouart, (4)... Ning a public | | } ‘hone, 1 beable 6 cal om here (5) “ts cu of arr | iwi, 80 cal By this tno, Twas fn @ eric, What wl ry bose 889 (6) scene =! dnt gto tho mooting? (7) people dant ave.on te, he ata piled cp, ‘Masen Square srouted and (8) you wildo the jouney ft under ten mints, if pay you double!” "Forge icad the driver Tho carte of townie gicckedt oud rover get there inten rinues (9) _ you wert by nelcopler’ Sol ended up ine for the etry and the boss was fans wh me6 Talk toa partner. Take it in turns to finish these sentences, Then tell the class what your friend said. ‘Unless I get up early tomorrows .. b If Thad enough money, ¢ My life would be a lot easier if d If Thadrit come to class today, . Vocabulary Word formation ln Paper 3, Part tests vocabulary. You have toil twelve gaps {fa text, choosing from sets of four words. All four words, Ibe the same part of speech andthe twee questions wi ‘testa range of diferent parts af speech, such ge nouns, verbs, adverbs, ete : = 7. Look at the words in the box. They form four sets and all four words in a set have a similar meaning. Can you group them into the four categories in the ‘table? Be careful: some words can be more than one part of speech. Think carefully about their meanings When you decide which category to put them into. accepted attempt by delicate experiment gathered gentle in light on received tiny to trial try welcomed 8 Now read the short newspaper article below. Speaking 9. Discuss these questions a Should lottery winners receive so much publicity? ‘b What are the pros and cons of winning the lottery? ¢ If you won the jackpot, ‘would you go public? Useful language As see it... To my mind ... For one thing ... For another (thing) .. On the one hand On the other (hand) ‘The main advantage is... One drawback is 5 : a There are four gaps in Could it possibly be YOU? it. Decide which part of Ceci ts bone beet Gh on : ee amelot st make a ne ORY tot | speech is requ oe down the winner of an unclaimed £2. million jackpot prize, i ‘gap. Then choose the Pie wi aoe Hun eae ead b correct option to fill each (2) srateabcoetednds Aetehicaiearad | banner: “£2 milion winner ~is it you? for two hours at lunchtime, ‘one from your four sets of words. ‘The city became the focus of attention after a local newspaper 8) - an unsigned letter from an elderly local visiaw saying she did not want the prize. Her reason was that ‘the fuss would finish me off If the money is not claMEM (4) ya egnennrnnees Lp it will go into the lottery’s ‘good causes’ fund. PERN eee ae WHAT IF?in Paper 2 Part 2, you may be asked to write a short story. The first or last sentence of the story is given in the question and you ‘must remember to include this. Make sure that the story you write fits with the sentence. 1. Look at these two questions. Discuss with a partner what tenses you would need to use in each story. ‘a You have been asked to write @ short story for your ‘college magazine. The story must begin with the following sentence: It he hadn't answered the phone, it would have been just another ordinary day. 'b You have decided to enter a short story competition. ‘The rules say that the story must end with the following sentence: ‘Suddenly, he woke up and realised it had been a nightmare. Now read this sample answer, which works for both questions. Say which past tenses have been used. You can ignore the underlined words and gaps for the moment. If he hadn't answered the phone, ib would. have been Just another ordinary day. But he had. lifted. the receiver and. had. heard the news that turned his Life upside down. His girfriend had. been taken hostage and. her kidnappers were demanding $1,000,000. He nas in shock but he still moved fast. He found his father’s qun and (1) went. out of the Hat. A bus was pulling awoy and We managed, t» jump on. He teavelled. owntown to the city's biggest bark. As he (2) went. in Uhrough the glass doors, people. locked. at him 6). _- Then someone, roliced. the gun and. : sereamed. “Hf you dan’t move, you won't get hurt,’ he shouted BD) ercrnrinnan wane & milion dollars, now. Hand. i over.” He waved the gun around (5) They stuffed the cash from the safe in a. bag, He. grabbed. it, left the building and headed. for the river, where the. ! kidnappers were waiting. He ran and ran, endlessly, but the viver got further and. further away. He mas crying new. Suddenly, he woke up and. realised. it had. been a rightmare. 3. Look at numbers 1 and 2in the sample answer. To get a good mark in the exam, you need to use a range of vocabulary. Choose suitable words to teplace went from the sets below. 1 A rushed B shuddered C hammered D crashed 2 A carried B threw € burst D turned ‘Now, with a partner, choose the ‘most suitable adverbs for gaps 3-5, from the ones below. Use each adverb once only. anxiously desperately nervously suspiciously tragically wildly EXAM ADVICE «© Read the’ given sentence carefully and think about the setting for the story. © Decide whether the story needs to be writen in the first parson (I/we =: myfour) or the third person (he? sheditithey .histherits/thelt), 6 Be careful to spell any names in the hen sentence correctly. © Make some quick notes, to plan the order ofevents in yourstory. © Use the past perfect tense instead ‘of the past simple ifyou need to make the sequence clear ‘© Check your spelling of sdverbs and past tense forms of iregular verbs. Include a definite ending to your story.LESS sistent 4 Look at the picture sequence below and re-arrange serttences a-iin the order of the pictures. Then include suitable sentence openers from 1-6 where needed, Thete is one extra opener you do not need. cc" ee a... a crowd of people had gathered and were watching her anxiously as she struggled to reach the bank, b ... she heard someone whimpering below her and when she looked down from the bridge, she saw a small boy in the deepest part of the river, waving his arms helplessly. ¢ ... she thought he was dead but when he coughed and his legs started to move, she knew she had saved his lif twas a fast-flowing river and she had to swim harder than she had ever swum before, to get to him before it was too late. ¢ As Jean walked towards the bridge, she was thinking of all the things she could do now that the school holidays had arrived. £ Although he was panicking, she was able-to grab him and she started to pull him back to the bank. It was @ beautiful summer’ day, the sun was shining and the birds were singing. fn... she jumped off the bridge and dived into the rushing water. i... she managed it and threw both herself and the boy onto the warm grass. Eventually Suddenly Without a second thought By now At first 6 Last but not least 5 Now do this writing task. You have decided to enter a short story competition. The rules say that the story must begin with the following sentence: As soon as he got out of the car, ‘Martin felt uneasy. Write your story in 120-180 words. Spend a few minutes noting down ‘ideas for your story and then discuss ‘your notes with a partner. Suggest hhow your partner's story could tbe improved. Then list relevant vocabulary you could both use, including a range of verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Write your story, being careful to include the given sentence accurately and where you are told to. ‘After you have written your story, remember to check the spelling, punctuation and grammar.Units 1-6 Revision Topic review 1 Together with a partner, read these sentences and discuss which are true for you, giving more details. Try to use as much of the vocabulary and language ‘as you can from the units you have just studied. a [always get out of bed early in the morning, b If had some money, the first thing I would buy isa fast car. ‘¢ I'm worse at English than I am at Maths. In} always geiting into trouble for forgetting things. ¢ I'm not afraid of anything! f I think I'm broad-minded. 4g Imust try to work harder. hi Llike to follow fashion. i. Books interest me more than computer games. j Beach holidays are not-for me Grammar 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Most (0) .OFus goa little crazy when we jet off @ __...holiday, but some, it would seem, go completely mad. They see giant rats eating through thelr luggage and even lose thelr mother-indaw in (2) back of stolen caravan. So says WorldCover Direct, the holiday insurer. These are Just (3) eon of the claims the company (4)... received in the past 12 months. Airector said ‘One of our policyholders skied into a tree © he was on holiday and made a claim for injuries What he dide’t mention was that he (6)... blind and in the process of testing a new radar system for blind skiers! But what (7) _.......you were in the Mediterranean in August and had had (8) _ much sun Take dip inthe pool, st in the shade for awhile or phone your holiday insuranc® company requesting repatriation ©) ‘you were feeling abithot”? One holiday maker, (10) .........was in Spain, dd just that. Another policyholder made a claim because he and (11). wife had missed their fight. He falled to mention that she was prevented (12) boarding because she had a baby pig in her hand luggage! 46\\ units 1-6 Phrasal verbs 3. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb. uP If Elizabeth had been able t0 ener UP just a litle more money, she would have bought a faster computer. b Every time I go shopping for clothes, I find that prices have up yet again ¢ Come just as you are, there’ really no need to nse UP. 4 Sara was walking so fast that I couldn't -. up with her. When you manage to find his address, ‘me up and let me know what itis. OUT f Tourist guides often carry umbrellas so that they nnuns Out in a crowd. g Sheila decided to inven OUt Of the hotel a it early so she wouldn't miss her plane. h ‘Tdorit know how you can out looking like that} Sue's mother said. i Tm not sure I can. ‘out how to play this computer game. Now look at these mixed examples and replace the verb or phrase in italics with a phrasal verb or compound noun, \ j Ifyou want to look good injthat outfit, you'll have to reduce the amount of chocolate you eat. k We spent some time in Singapore on our way to Sydney. 1 Treally hate shops that make you feel guilty when you return clothes that shrink in the wash or fall to pieces. m We decided to start the journey to the castle at ‘midnight, in the hope of seeing the ghost. 1 The policeman told them not fo go near the edge of the cliff. © My friend had to spend about two hours waiting in the plane for it to leave.Revi: “The Satetes on the salty of fying wo S iB} immersely comorang, 1:2) [BE a milion to one ~ the a of fying ac vary day for. 0 the wilefaced, feted aerophooe, 95 yeors. Try elleg that _IMANAGI ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between ‘wo and five words, including the word given. 1 Andrea said she would only go dancing if her mother bought her a new outfit ‘UNLESS Andrea said she her mother bought her a new outfit. Thave never seen such a terrible film before. WORST This is the .. seen. I'm sorry I didn't meet you at the airport - my car wasn't working MET 1 at the airport if my car had been working, This party is ‘evening dress’ only. ALLOWED You Z dress casually for this party. ion of present and past tenses 4 Read through this text and put the verbs in the correct tense. JATRYL to tell hem, and he _[PLIT} tas the four mos commen fear, prececded only by HAVE) ney 500 clinis during ihe lost see Before they: Elo hitn, some of his clients (92) HAVE jus one bind expacence allo: years a fing One man (14) TRY] © get of the plane in midair. After Jones's course, the man (19) foce os ¢ povien! of dhaser ox some yea's naw, paycholegis| Henry Jones (5) © (DO) 0 let nore besides: He (7) © for aging air henel anesty. Apparently, 6 (9) wcccine som Jone (0). an... 3) (TAKE) over 200 fitghis 0 yeor for ve years ond (1 «Then, ove day, on 6 fight fo Chicago the lo: (16) fora back because of an exgine foul. The man then (17)... a8) ‘ (OVERCOME) his fears ond (20) Oe owe per ebe sriakes cFLY, ches 0 aad RRY) apt ther on {ANNOUNCE thot they were going HAVE! 0 panic ottack und 6} 0 ly agein 5 I'm not as frightened of flying as I am of ghosts! THAN Tm 1 am of flying, It was a mistake for me to buy you that computer game. BOUGHT I z that computer game. The play started before we could get there, HAD ‘The play when we got there, I need to wear glasses to drive. SEELife’s too short A Gerunds and infinitives 1 — 1. Identify the equipment in pictures 2-0, and name each sport. 2. With a partner ask and answer these questions. ‘a. What sports do you really enjoy watching? b Is there a sportsperson or team who ‘you particularly like watching? ‘¢ Which sport car't you stand watching? d Which sports have you either taken up or given up recently? @ Which do you prefer ~ watching a sport live or watching it on TV? £ Are there any sports you like doing on holiday? 3 Agerund, which is a verb used as a noun, always ends in -ing, but not all -ing forms are gerunds. An ing form might bea present participle or an adjective, What is the -ing form in these sentences? a J pulled on the climbing rope to show a : a Twas safe, b Anna was running along the track : when she tripped and fell. 5. When we puta verb after a preposition, we usually use a ¢ Snowboarding is avery popular sport. _gerund. Complete the following sentences with a preposition : he verbs inthe be 4 Look at these sentences: Andone g the Nata i 1 Tenjoy going swimming, do drop get_learn play swim teach | 2. Afier learning to ice skate, I'm going a She was doubtful to the training session to learn to play ice hockey. pate 3 Lwant to take up rowing. b Steve is very proud _.t0 scuba dive so 4 Climbing is a fairly safe sport auickly. nowadays. ¢ I've been very successful oe the children to i 5 It’s not worth going to watch our local ride their bikes, { football team because they always The boy was in trouble... __his maddy sports lose! clothes on the changing room floor, Find an example of a gerund above which; ¢ I believe... Some exercise every day in order to keep healtby. a follows a preposition. b is the subject of the sentence. ¢ follows an expression. & 4 follows a verb, @ follows a phrasal verb. 8 unit7 £ You don't have to be good... to enjoy it. Tm looking forward against him again in tomorrow's match.6 Infinitives are forms like (to) do, (to) say. They are usually used with ‘to’, but not always. Lookat the following sentences, ‘which show the most common uses of the infinitive. 1 Tm going to the pool fo have my swimming lesson, 2. Lwant to enrol for netbell practice next term. 3 They are unlikely to hold the Olympics in Cambridge. 4 They let me do the judo classes even though Thad never done judo before 5 You must not run with the ball in some sports. 6 We encouraged them fo run faster by cheering loudly. Now say which of the infinitives above: a follows an adjective. b follows a modal auxiliary. ¢ follows a main verb. 4d is used to express purpose. € has an infinitive without “to! £ follows the object of a verb. 7 Read through this email and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Give your reasons. subject Trip f6 Mont Dear si, Ie just got back fom (1) (climb) Mont Blane in the Alps nd HIS (2) eveennnnnn nme UH) YOU What a great time I ad. On @) {artive) in Chamonix we were introduced to our guides. We were then kted out with ce-axes, crampons and climbing boots ‘and were sent straight out into two days’ (4) train) in and around the Le Tour glacier. The guides used ths time (3) pert ott ‘ining t> perc ed force Shek hiehing el panos ito undrleto aber nc Grovip A: Advertising agenc Group B turn to page 85. THE HARD SELL 61Listening 1 Briefly describe a TV commercial to your partner, using some of the expressions below. Explain your feelings about it. There’ one commercial that is for ‘The thing I really like about it is What I can’t stand is ... 2. “VHBYou are going to hear two people talking about some TV commercials. in Parts, which of these aspects are mentioned by the speakers? Tick the ones you hear. a a puzaling beginning bb a storyline with flashbacks © a dramatic ending d a setting that is out of the ordinary € a surprising location £ a well-known personality & 2 powerful slogan hh an extravagant production 3. (1 Listen to Part 2, where one particular advert is discussed. Answer the questions below by writing W for woman or M for man in the boxes. 1 Who didn’t like the advert? (C8 2. Who was surprised by part of the advert? 2 3. Who agrees that Ray was an effective character? 4 Who liked the music in the advert? Cy Gem spot ‘in Paper 4 Farka you have to answer seven miultile-choice squertion’ about a conversation or monologue, The quest ‘wll Focus mainly on people's Felings ar pnions. 4 Answer this practice question as you listen to Part 2 again, What do the speakers agree is important in a successful advert? A a strong storyline that people will find entertaining B attractive characters that people will identify with C an unpredictable element that will be memorable 62 UNITS 5. ‘NHB You will hear a man talking about making successful TV commercials. For questions 1-4, choose the best answer (A, B or C). To help you, there will be ‘pause on the recording between questions. 1 According to the speaker, what is the key factor when making a TV commercial? A the type of location B the choice of actors C the depth of storyline 2. When developing the script, the speaker believes it is vital to A time the overall message B feature the product by name. C use a lot of beautiful language. 3 According to the speaker, ifthe same advertising ‘company produces several commercials for a product, A it could create a sense of boredom with the brand. B it may attract new clients with sim advertising needs. C it can be beneficial to include a familiar ‘element in the series. 4 Before booking air time for a TV commercial, the speaker recommends A targeting a product to a suitable channel. B finding out accurate viewing figures. C giving priority to cost over timing, @rammar extra _ Order of adjectives a The woman talks about a graceful siver vehicle, Which of the ‘bxo adjectives is used to give an opinion? Can the order of these adjectwes be changed? _Underine the adjectives used in slogans a-d and then, identity them according to tho types below, What's the rule foropinion adjectives? : 9 Theclassic British motorbike : 'b The sensational new CD from Jack Johnson. -€ Our popuiar full-length navy cotton nightshirt 4 Gite-sized biscuits with 3 deli Descriptive adjectives are usually in the: is quite Unusual to have four adjectives in a row (as in example 6) More _ cron, any addtional desiptvein ‘Decide whether the folowing adjectives are inthe correct ‘ler. Reorder them where necessary. 2 a black huge dog b anawful old woollen coat theltalan famous siiger 4 red large apnie € an elaborate wooden square box y a sophisticated new novel by a Scottish tremendous authorVocabulary Expressions for discussing ideas 6 There ate a number of verbs in English that may signal an opinion or idea. Look at this example from the recording. T reckon I know pretty much what the magic ingredients are. In British English, ! reckon is informal in register and would not be used in formal speech or writing, Which of these verbs are also informal? admit bet doubt expect guess suggest suppose stress 7. Put the phrases below into these groups. You heard some of them in the recordings. Use them in the next Speaking section Introducing an idea or opinion Giving a different point of view Adding to an idea T suppose On the other hand It seems to me that Not only that, but ‘True enough, though What's moze oe apenas Speaking 8 Look at the four photographs. identify what product each billboard is advertising and discuss how effective Its at selling the product. Then decide which two adverts are the most effective, giving reasons for your choice + Spend some time looking at the photographs and note down useful vocabulary for each one Remember that when you do the task, you will ‘have to give an opinion about them rather than. describe them. + Think about how to structure the discussion so that you and your partner have equal ‘opportunities to take part. Use some of the phrases from Unit 7 to achieve this. Remember also to use expressions from exercises 6 and 7. + Try to speak together for about three minutes, ‘Make sure you allow enough time within this to decide on the two adverts so that the task is completed, Give clear reasons for your choice. Be closer-knit Crema era iNretteyExam folders | Paper 4 Part 2 Sentence completion In this part of the Listening paper you hear either a monologue or a conversation. The task is to complete a set of sentences. You have 45 seconds to read the questions for this part, Use the time before the recording starts to predict what you might hear, underlining key words and phrases. 1. Look at these examples of Part 2 sentences and find words and phrases in the recording script below | that relate to the underlined words and phrases. Can you predict what the missing words are? i As an example of making a scientific claim, the speaker talks about an advertisement for qe . ‘The most important message in the advertisement for the car is to do with 2 | When targeting teenagers in advertisements, products are often linked to 3... ‘which others would find unacceptable. i i | i | i Advertisements aimed at parents may include young children or 4... and _—..» #8 they connect with their role as rers, Recording script 1 To support the suggestion that one product is better than its competitors, the existence of actual proof is often mentioned. In one case, involving the promotion of reference was made to an unnamed university research project, which analys white. 2 Tt must be true that there are more advertisements focusing on our love of driving than on anything else, While the messages of freedom and mobility are always important, it is above all the aspect of... ou that is stressed in this particular one. We are supposed to believe that this car will take us to new places in society and change our role for ever. 3 Advertisers adopt different strategies as far as young people between the ages of 15 and 19 are concerned, For this population, itis not about conforming but about the complete ‘opposite of that. Indeed, products for this age group are frequently connected with 3 svenmnnnons the kind that older people such as parents might well disapprove of. 4 Turning to mothers and fathers as consumers, advertisements targeting these people often reinforce the experience of bringing up a family. An advert that links its product to young children or even, interestingly enough, to ; will probably succeed because these images appeal directly to motherly ot, perhaps less commonly, fatherly instincts! 2.” SUEEE Now listen to the recording and write one or two words in gaps 1-4 | | i I | 3 Transfer your answers to this sample answer sheet. Be careful with spelling. i | i | | i| ' EXAM ADVICE before you do the '© Use the time before the recording start to read the questions carefully exam task in 5. © Look at the words either side ofthe gap to predict what you might hear. {© Write down the actual words that you hear - don't waste ime trying to rephrase the : Information. 4 Read this advice i © Don't incude extra information - you only need to write one, two or three wards a most, © Don't panic f you miss a question atthe Fist Ilstening~ second listening, ‘© Always write something, even if you're not sure that it’s the correct answer, {© At the end ofthe test, write your answers clearly in capital letters on the answer sheet. ©. Check your spelling ~ although minor errors are accepted, you may lose marks for Incortect spelling, isten out for the answer at the 5° You will hear part ofa talk about advertising Jingles. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. THE COMMERCIAL JINGLE ‘One example of the contents of a basic jingle is a | The first modem jingle in 1926 advertised a 7 The rules on radio advertising in the 1930s forbade the use of| ‘of goods during peak listening periods. i ‘The programme about a family began with a jingle for a [2]. | which was the first of its kind in the USA. In the 1950s, jingles were often created by 5 When the jingle became less popular, advertisars started to use é From the late 1980s, commercials have had to reflect a complete Payments from advertisers have covered earnings lost due to | : - | of music : According to some psychologists, music that has a listener is easier to remember An ‘ear worm’ is up toLa the Speaking 1 The pictures show people in imaginary future situations away from the Earth, Compare the people and say whether you think these situations could happen in the future. Reading 2 Skim the article on space travel for its general meaning, ignoring the missing sentences. Why do NASA and the SFF have different priorities? 66 UNIT IO NASA, ho govnmentowned sp progam, once ine 1 devel rocket [4] —]i plas to lourch @ meanned cxpodton oan sferid by 200 an sine tis wil equte diferent technology, more oly thot peoal outdo the NASA program wal develop rewable eck design fick liinson, cofunder of he 5 Frontier Foundation (SFI, has spent the post 1wo decodes pushing for human exploratior and setleret of he vlar sytem. Space News magazite descbed hm os one of the 100 most influential peopie in the space indy. Trnson has loys moines ht busneses shuld get ie NASA os abit of o diosa [27 _]’25 yeors cher the Wight brobers Hew 0 plane forthe fst time, pep the Space Shute, the United Slates has on Lugett need for commercial manned spoce Hg. Un et Poppers, NAGA wl bo totally dependent onthe Rssian Soy ry astoneass 6 and fom he er ratonl Siajon, ota price ef ver $50 mon per sea hey submited thai propossl to NASA jst doys ofr Drogen retured to Eoth Tunis i alka © stong sponte of comercial involvement in ansportotion io the eeratonal Spoce Staton. A one pon ihe SFF ron 6 suvey onthe inte called ‘Cheap Access to Space’, where ft asked rican icxpeyes fe their epinions on fe US space progiom are Laue proiies for space transposition. [& |] That is simply buy 0 commerciol plane licks, bu 25 yeors i ator anding on the Moon, we sot around seoruniles fr evenone:’0 watching old osfonauts on TV talking about , expanding new choices | the good old doys, The SFF vans to see ineversible huron | Using his high profil, Tumlinson is going sefement in sooncspassbleond =f to hy to prove a point Space is our dasiny, minions tha! hs only going fo hapen i he sys, 10 why not get cn with i He ond though Fee enters, fis inopproprias | his coleagues encourage any business that fer governmentsporeored asronaus 1 be i shores ihiscim. [| ]For example, in constucing buildings and dking tucks : December 2010, Spacek (Space Exploroton Spoceks achievements to date { Technologies) Kanched ther reusable space demondoe 0 wilingnoss to mako thi { capsule Drogen Afr cteing he planet happen i twice, itourned wih porachtes, ending Once space hansporaten becomes t 1s planned in te Pocc Ccean. Taminson inmedictely ccegratlated fe compary on successuly completing the wares fit oil space Hight cra recovery song, Tis ight wil go down in history as ‘tuning point for he opening of space to reguar people’ ‘While ives a significant techical cchievement fer SpoceX as 0 compen the fight was oso highly signifcan for he American toxpoyer. Wi fe referent of offordable, mass space trove wil be posible. Many people belive that by 2025 industry, Howrey, US gon dor eally see 0 fue for space fouls [[_]Dowid Ashford, Managing Bi cof the Bitih company Bestel Spaceplanes Limited, once sad that space taism woud begin fen yeorsaffor pacple sepped Joughing ofthe concept. People have ckeody stopped laughingTnbartifeii& (epee taitiacnanewoa riers Pero a ener ie ee tet "that the extra option doesn’t ft anywhere in the text 3. Seven sentences have been removed from the article, Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence, which you do not need to use. Work through the text, using the underlined phrases In sentence A to help you decide whether it fits in any of the gaps. Discuss your ideas with a partner. Then underline the words and phrases in sentences B-H that link to the text and decide on your answers. (B) mike same tine, the SF accops thot NASA sions could x 7 bring oar sioitic benef. J More hon one sich fim has developed impessne sluons fer "| geting ilo space and bock cheaply J Commereilcivity such os hs what the private sector should be doing However, be US) (GE ses can, psc cospones ny val poe tor eee Bema ‘cries hove charged in the 2131 centuy: Tha SF own view has always been tt itis impossible for NASA to ofer an ‘open frrtie’ [on cally eitlo ho weoie abou! he govermerkowned spade rogram, he rade the folowing abseneson ‘SpaceX is prepared to meet this need ~ and a leis thon halt = he cou. Vocabulary Word formation 4 Gothrough the text again to find words related to aj ((and jare in sentences A-H). An example is given. ‘Which word contains both a prefix and a suffix? ause re-usable £ appropriate D settle g willing © commerce hh afford d achieve iv science e end j impress 5 The use of the negative prefixes i, int, in- and ir depends on the first letter of the word they join, asin inappropriate. Look back at Exam folder 2 for guidance. ‘Add a prefix to form negative adjectivesin a-f. a legal d moral b experienced e regular ¢ responsible f patient 6. Use four of the negative adjectives to complete a-d. Someone who wants something to happen as 8000 8 POSSIBLE IS nena b A young adult who has no knowledge of working life is : Driving a car without a licence is d Friends who only see each other occasionally meet at intervals. Speaking 7. Discuss these questions, using some of the words from this unit. Do you think you will ever take a holiday in space? Why? / Why not? b What benefits and drawbacks might the commercial development of space bring? € Should governments spend tax-payers’ money on space travel? 4. Why are there so many stelites orbiting the Earth? Will this technology become more important, in your view?Review of future tenses 1 Look at sentences a-e from the article on space and identify the future forms listed 1-4 below, What other tense is used in sentences f and g to refer to the future? 1. going to Future 2 future simple 3 future continuous 4 future perfect a They will deliver things, bring stuff back to Earth and then go up again. b Thisis only going to happen through free enterprise. ¢ In the future, these space vehicles will be orbiting the Earth as efficiently as air freight carriers. Many people believe that by 2025 space tourism will have become a viable industry. ¢ Tunlinson is going to try to prove a point. £ Itplans to launch a manned expedition to an asteroid by 2025, 'g However, this situation is due to change. 2. Which of the sentences a-g mention the following? 1 a prediction about the future 2 aplanned event that is expected to happen soon 3 an event that has not yet happened but will happen within a certain period of time 4 an intention to do something 3 How are predictions about the future expressed in these two examples? a. Private companies may well prove them wrong, b There could be a billion-dollar market in taking packages from one side of the planet to the other in an hour. 4 Why is would used in this example instead of will? David Ashford once said that space tourism would begin ten years after people stopped laughing at the concept. a unit 10 5 Choose the correct option in italics in these sentences and explain why itis correct. a Within the next twenty years, the cost of space travel will be falling {will fall dramatically, b Inthe near fitture, its likely that adventure holidays wor't be / aren't going to be limited to remote places on Earth. ¢ People will / may one day have the opportunity to go to distant planets, but first we need to discover a way of travelling faster than the speed. of light. Our 7-day trip is due to depart on Ist December, 2025 and will carry / will have carried you 100 ken into space. € Tve decided I amt going to book / will book a trip into space as soon as I can afford it. {The Americans always said they would fly / will ‘fly to Mars. g Sooner or later people will live / wil be living in space. i h The International Space Station will have been / will be manned for 14 years in November.6 What will we wea in the future? Read these exam candidates’ ideas and complete the summary, using the future perfect of the verbs in the box. You may need to use the passive form. One verb isn't needed. ee ile A new tectroloay will change Fabrice so they will change their colour during the day. People will be een more concerned with pollution ard harmful UV. rays, 0 Aheir clothes will have bullt~in protective filters 40 help them keep healthy. te ‘You may thine that people will wear silver clathes like in stience-fiction movies but {thinks everyone will wear very colourful balloons. They will use a special gas inside the balloons to rane them fly, become ll include manage rise take One person predicts that pollution’ (Decco #0 2 dangerous level, at What are your own ideas about future clothes? aaa Listening 7 (You are going to hear three people talking about the future. Decide whether each speaker has a positive or a negative view of what life for human beings might be like. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Which speaker is closest to your own ideas about the future? Why? y, Vocabulary Phrases with at 8 Speaker 2 used the preposition at in three different ways: Th reading one of his sci-fi ones at the moment. They live for at least three hundred years, There will always be some country at war with another. Choose the correct phrase for each of these sentences ard explain the meaning of the incorrect options. 1 Hurry up, we'll be locked inside the building unless we leave. one Aatfirst Batonce C at last 2 Jordi is looking forward to the move but, _-» I know he'll miss his friends here A-atleast B at present C at the same time 3 For the first time in ten years, this war-torn COURIEY 18 NOW . eens thanks to the skills of the negotiators on both sides, Aatpeace B atwar C at rest 4 Journalists often get scientific facts slightly ‘wrong, but this article is inaccurate reporting Aathis laziest B atits worst C at their best Notice, as in the last example, that at is commonly used with a pronoun and a superlative. THE FINAL FRONTIERArticles 1. Look at these titles of articles about the future. Which article would you most like to read? Why? Match the titles to the opening 3 -_ 2 ‘aa 1 Lift off! I paragraphs A-D. Doall four paragraphs i fit thei titles well? Why? / Why not? Aliens are coming ... | Is anybody there? _ A lifelong ambi epee Imagine being launched in a rocket towards that Our planet is going to be invaded ~ not final frontier. Strapped into your seat in a shiny silver by litdle green men but by a revolutionary capsule, you feel the power of the engines as they oie of transport! Next week sees carry you up and atvay: Aisd soon yéin are orbiting launch of a worldwide advertising E ‘campaign, for'a vehicle that could around the Earth, covering vast distances and looking complerly ct : down on the planet you call home. letely change ou ife on Earth, TEES cae (On some nights, | open my window end watch | want to go up into space. | think it may be the ates, I's ari thing to do. Sometimes possible for ordinary people to go up into space | stay there for ages, wondering what the Soon. | read something about space travel. | want ‘universe holds It makes me feel smal. Soaoe tobe one of the first to go. | hope | can go uP is.a big place. There are alot of galaxies apart into space. from our own ~ 80 there must be other ite? aE ae3 Look again at paragraph D. How could it be improved? Choose words and phrases from the pairs below to replace the words underlined. In each pair, both a and b fit the text correctly, so the final choice isupto yout (On some nights, | open my window end watch |: tho stare. Its a nica thing to do, Sometimes | stay there for ages, wondering what the . + universe holds It makes mie feel stall Space k E isa big place. Tere ae alot galaves apart from our own =s0 there must be olher ite? a b stare at gare at wonderful brilliant unimportant humble vast huge so many an enormous number of What parts of speech are the words in a-d below? Insert all these words into paragraph D where they fit best. a cloudless beautifill twinkling b forms of © very such dtruly surely Read through the paragraph once more. Could any sentences be joined together? Write out a final version. 4 Paragraph Bis a poor attempt at an opening paragraph. Why? Rewrite it, making the following improvements, along with any others of your own. + Onder the ideas more clearly + Join any short sentences together. + Include a first sentence that links back to the title + Replace any repeated words, eg. want: wish, hope + Use a variety of sentence openers. Add suitable words to describe and emphasise. “An article lc pot an ezsayl fe written fora wider audience and will appear fa certain ype of magazine.Read the ‘exam question carefully to find out whee the article may be | published and who witread 8 Choose a suitable style and use 2 range of language to make your article interesting to read 5. Now look at this exam question. You see this notice in an in-flight magazine and decide to enter the competition. Baber’ Vea ea Write your article in 120-180 words. 6 Answer these questions about the writing task. a Which two topics do you need to write about? b What is meant by forms’? € Should the style be serious or lively? How many paragraphs should you write? Plan your article before you start writing, Make content notes for each paragraph and think of suitable title. Look back over Units @ and 10 for relevant vocabulary and grammar. Then write your atticle in 120-180 words, Don't be afraid to use your imagination!UB Like mother, like daughter Speaking 1 Look at these photos of famous people and their children, Do you think the children resemble their ‘mother or father? What similarities or differences can you see? en, 2 R Gem spot Sieg ot cenapine mani puonacre Soca Ine setoranet nme Wetichay pe eden bt yocathe of iheSpaing The See eee en anne areas Se eae ie With a partner try to find out as much as you can about each other. When you ask about each other's family, also ask these questions: Who do you most look like in your family? Do you sound like anyone in the family when you answer the telephone? Who do you take after in character? For extra practice take it in turns to think of a famous person but don’t tell your partner who itis. Your partner has to ask you personal questions to try to find out your identity. Try not to make it too easy! UNIT 4a Remember that a wrong ansiver often repeats the same ‘vocabillary you hearin the recording, and although it might be true, doesn't actually answer the question, so read through ‘the questions very carefully before you isten. You will have ‘one minute to do this, Listening 3. MBE You will hear an interview with the daughter of ‘a Hollywood film star. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, 8 or C). 1 For her 14th birthday, Hannah A took some friends to see a Harrison Ford film at the cinema. B went to watch the making of a film. C was given whatever she wanted. 2. How did Hannah’s mother feel when Hannah said she wanted to be an actress? ‘A She wasn't keen on her doing it B She wasn't discouraging, © She didn’t think she was serious about it, 3. What does Hannah say about the comparison with her mother? A They have the same shaped eyes. B They are both tall, C Their noses are similar. 4 Hannah and her mother both think that A they look identical B they look a bit alike. € people are completely wrong r5 How did Hannah feel about her mother's attitude to acting? A She was a bit upset. B She was angry. € She understood. 6 Why was Hannah encouraged to train to be an accountant? A Her mother had had a bad experience with money, B Hannah needed to learn the importance of saving. C Her mother considered it a useful profession. How does Hannah’ mother sound? A very demanding B slightly foreign C like her daughter 4 Now listen to the interview again, What adjective or adjectives does Hannah use to describe: @ her childhood in Hollywood? b how her mother had felt when she first arrived in Hollywood? © part of her nose? 4 her mother talking about acting? © the quality they both possess? £ her mother’ attitude to money? & her mother's voice? rammar extra “You've heard aready the expression to look lite +anoun | Phase, which means to resemble cetera ey ‘amet She looks ike her mother, 5 Now look af these two questions: ‘A What's he/she like? B What does he/she lke? Decide which ofthe words below can be Used to answer the Questions ‘all swimming friendly hamburgers watebing TV Photography amusing Speaking 5. Find out who in your class has the same number of brothers and sisters as you, then form the following groups, where each person in the group + anonly child + the youngest of two or more children ‘+ the oldest of two or more children + the middie child + part of large family (five or more children) Talk to the others.in your group about what your farnily is like, how you feel about the size of your family and what effect, if any, it has had on you. Talk about your place in the family, and whether it’s best to be the eldest, youngest, only one, middle child and so on, 6 Are there any special characteristics that run in ‘your family? ts there anything you all like/dislike? Think about things such as: hair colour, height, | occupation, the possibility of having twins, the need I for glasses, etc LIKE MOTHER, LIKE DAUGHTER