DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY

PRODUCT CONSTANT OF CALCIUM

HYDROXIDE
G.A. BERNARDO
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE TEACHING-SECONDARY EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY 1101, PHILIPPINES
DATE SUBMITTED: 21 SEPTEMBER 2016
DATE PERFORMED: 14 SEPTEMBER 2016

1. Write the net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH) 2 and give the
Ksp expression of the reaction.
The net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH)2 is

2++ 2OH (aq)

Ca(OH )2(s ) Ca(aq)

The Ksp expression of the reaction is

2+

Ca

OH

K sp=
2. What is the working equation for the determination of [Ca 2+] in the
saturated solution of Ca(OH)2?
The working equation for the determination of [Ca 2+] in the saturated solution of
Ca(OH)2 is

OH

Since the mole relationship of

to get

2+
Ca

OH

is 2,

OH

must be divided by 2

2+
Ca

2+
Ca

OH

3. Write the Ksp of Ca(OH)2 in terms of its (a) molar solubility s, (b) [OH-]
and (c) [Ca2+].

a)

2s

K sp=(s)

g)

b)

c)
d)

K sp=4 s3

e) s= solubility of [Ca2+]
f)

h)

i)

OH

K sp =4
2+

Ca

K sp=4

j)
k)
l)
m)
n) 4. Discuss the effects of common ions and increasing ionic strength
on the solubility of the Ca(OH)2 precipitate. Do they coincide with
theoretical effects? Explain.
o)
p) The common ion effect is known for increasing the solubility which shifts the
reaction towards the reactants. This mass-action effect can be explained
further by the Le Chateliers principle. According to Stanley Crouch and David
Skoog (2014), the Le Chateliers principle states that a chemical equilibrium
always shifts the reaction towards the side that balances out the effect of a
stress applied.
q)
r) Increasing ionic strength (=0.5 Ci

Z 2i also leads to higher solubility.

Since molar concentrations are accounted for in computing the ionic strength,
therefore higher solubility is expected.
s)
t)
u) 5. What are the possible sources of errors and their effect on the
calculated parameters? Rationalize.
v) The possible sources of errors may be the inaccurate measurement of the
concentrations and the inaccurate weight of the primary standard. These
inaccuracies can lead to discrepancies in the calculated values since they can
make a slight or huge difference from the theoretical value.
w)
x) REFERENCES
y) Crouch S., Skoog D. (2014). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th edition.
Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Pub. pp. 203, 209, 238
z) Zumdahl S.A. & Zumdahl S.D. (2014). Chemistry, 9 th Edition. California:
Cengage Learning. p.765
aa)
ab)
APPENDIX
ac)
ad)
Standardization of Hydrochloric Acid Solution
ae)
af) Na2CO3 + 2HCL 2NaCl + H2CO3
ag)
ah)

Trial1:

(0.1 045 g)(1 mol /105.9888 g)(2)

0.0088 L

= 0.224 M

ai)
aj) Trial 2:
ak)

(0.1 071 g)(1 mol /105.9888 g)(2)

0.0092 L

= 0.219 M

al) Trial 3:

(0.1 063 g)(1 mol /105.9888 g)(2)

0.006 L

am)

= 0.334 M

0.224+0.219+0.334
3

an)

Ave. M HCl =

ao)
ap)
aq)

Determination of Ksp and Solubility of Ca(OH)2

+
H

ar) Trial 1: [OH-] =

V titrant

19.7 [0.1]
50

= 0.259 M

= 0.0394

as)
at)
au)
av)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0394 / 2 = 0.0197

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0197
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0197)3 = 3.058x10-5

aw)

Trial 2: [OH-] =

ax)
ay)
az)
ba)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0396/ 2 = 0.0198

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0198
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0198)3 = 3.104x10-5

bb)

Trial 3: [OH-] =

bc)
bd)
be)
bf)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0394 / 2 = 0.0197

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0197
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0197)3 = 3.058x10-5

bg)

Ave s =

bh)

V titrant

+
H

V titrant

19.8 [0.1]
50

19.7 [0.1]
50

0.0197+0.0198+0.0197
3

Ave Ksp =

bi) % error =

= 0.0396

= 0.0394

= 0.0197

3.058 x 105+ 3.104 x 105 +3.058 x 105

3

theoreticalexperimental
x 100
theoretical

= 3.0733x10-5
6

372.82 %
bj)
bk) Effect of Common Ions on the Solubility of Ca(OH) 2

6.5 x 10 3.0733 x 10
6
6.5 x 10

bl)

bm)

Trial 1: [OH-] =

+
H

V titrant

8.3[0.1]
50

= 0.0166

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0166/ 2 = 8.3 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.3 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.3 x 10-3)3 = 2.287 x 10-6

bn)
bo)
bp)
bq)

br) Trial 2: [OH-] =

V titrant

8[ 0.1]
50

= 0.016

bs)
bt)
bu)
bv)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 =0.016/ 2 = 8.0 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.0 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.0 x 10-3)3 = 2.048 x 10-6

bw)

Trial 3: [OH-] =

bx)
by)
bz)
ca)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.017 / 2 = 8.5 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.5 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.5 x 10-3)3 = 2.457 x 10-6

cb)Ave s =

+
H

V titrant

8.5[0.1]
50

8.3 x 103+ 8.0 x 103+ 8.5 x 103

3

= 0.017

= 8.267 x 10-3

cc)
cd)Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.010 M KNO3
ce)
cf) Trial 1: [OH-] =

cg)
ch)
ci)
cj)

V titrant

21.9 [0.1]
50

= 0.0438

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0438/ 2 = 0.0219

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0219
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0219)3 = 4.20 x 10-5

ck) Trial 2: [OH-] =

cl)

+
H

V titrant

2 1. 4 [ 0.1]
50

= 0.0428

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0428 / 2 = 0.0214

cm)
cn)
co)

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0214
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0214)3 =3.92 x 10-5

cp)Trial 3: [OH-] =

cq)
cr)
cs)
ct)

V titrant

20.7 [0.1]
50

= 0.0414

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0414 / 2 = 0.0207

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0207
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0207)3 =3.548 x 10-5

cu)Ave s =
cv)
cw)
cx)

+
H

0.0219+ 0.0214 +0.0207

3

= 7.448 x 10-3

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.050 M KNO3

cy) Trial 1: [OH-] =

V titrant

1 6 [0.1]
50

= 0.032

cz)
da)
db)
dc)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.032 / 2 = 0.016

s = [Ca2+] = 0.016
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.016)3 = 1.638 x 10-5

dd)

Trial 2: [OH-] =

de)
df)
dg)
dh)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0326/ 2 = 0.0163

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0163
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0163)3 = 1.732 x 10-5

di) Trial 3: [OH-] =

V titrant

+
H

V titrant

16.3 [0.1]
50

16 [0.1]
50

= 0.032

dj)
dk)
dl)
dm)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.032 / 2 = 0.016

s = [Ca2+] = 0.016
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.016)3 = 1.638 x 10-5

dn)

Ave s =

do)

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.10 M KNO3

0.016+0.01 6 3+0.0 16
3

= 0.0326

= 0.0161

dp)

+
H

8.1[0.1]
50

dq)

Trial 1: [OH-] =

dr)
ds)
dt)
du)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0162 / 2 = 8.1 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.1 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.1 x 10-3)3 = 2.126 x 10-6

dv)Trial 2: [OH-] =

dw)
dx)
dy)
dz)

V titrant

8.5[0.1]
50

= 0.0162

= 0.017

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.017 / 2 = 8.5 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.5 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.5 x 10-3)3 = 2.457 x 10-6

ea)Trial 3: [OH-] =

eb)
ec)
ed)
ee)

V titrant

+
H

V titrant

8.4[0.1]
50

= 0.0168

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0168 / 2 = 8.4 x 10-3

s = [Ca2+] = 8.4 x 10-3
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(8.4 x 10-3)3 = 2.37 x 10-6

ef) Ave s =

8.1 x 103+8.5 x 103+8.4 x 103

3

= 8.333 x 10-3

eg)
eh)
ei) Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.25 M KNO3
ej)
ek)Trial 1: [OH-] =

V titrant

27.8 [0.1]
50

= 0.0556

el)
em)
en)
eo)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0556 / 2 = 0.0278

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0278
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0278)3 = 8.593 x 10-5

ep)

Trial 2: [OH-] =

+
H

V titrant

23.9 [0.1]
50

= 0.0478

eq)
er)
es)
et)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0478 / 2 = 0.0329

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0329
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0329)3 = 5.46 x 10-5

eu)

Trial 3: [OH-] =

ev)
ew)
ex)
ey)

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.046 / 2 = 0.023

s = [Ca2+] = 0.023
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.023)3 = 4.867 x 10-5

ez) Ave s =

+
H

V titrant

0.0278+ 0.0329+0.023
3

23 [0.1]
50

= 0.046

= 0.0279

fa)
fb) Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.50 M KNO3
fc)
fd) Trial 1: [OH-] =

fe)
ff)
fg)
fh)

18.6 [0.1]
50

= 0.0372

+
H

V titrant

18.4 [0.1]
50

= 0.0368

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0368 / 2 = 0.0184

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0184
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0184)3 = 2.492 x 10-5

fn) Trial 3: [OH-] =

fo)
fp)
fq)
fr)

V titrant

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0372 / 2 = 0.0186

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0186
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0186)3 = 2.574 x 10-5

fi) Trial 2: [OH-] =

fj)
fk)
fl)
fm)

V titrant

18.1 [0.1]
50

= 0.0362

[Ca2+] = [OH-] / 2 = 0.0362 / 2 = 0.0181

s = [Ca2+] = 0.0181
Ksp = 4s3 = 4(0.0181)3 = 2.372 x 10-5

fs) Ave s =

0.0186+0.0184+0.0181
3

= 0.0184

ft)