Name

Ahmad
Cms Id
Semester
Subject
Thermodynamics
Submitted to
khan
Date of Submission

Heat Exchange

Junaid
28312
4th
Applied
Engr Shahid
31-7-2016

The transfer of heat between one or more fluids is

called heat exchange and heat exchanger is a device used
to transfer heat between one or more fluids. The fluids
may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they
may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space
heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations,
chemical
plants,
petrochemical
plants,
petroleum
refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment.
The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an
internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid
known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and
air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats
the incoming air.

Types of Heat Exchangers

1

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchangers are comprised of multiple

tubes through which liquid flows. The tubes are divided
into two sets: the first set contains the liquid to be heated
or cooled. The second set contains the liquid responsible
for triggering the heat exchange, and either removes heat
from the first set of tubes by absorbing and transmitting
heat awayin essence, cooling the liquidor warms the
set by transmitting its own heat to the liquid inside. When
designing this type of exchanger, care must be taken in
determining the correct tube wall thickness as well as
tube diameter, to allow optimum heat exchange. In terms
of flow, shell and tube heat exchangers can assume any of
three flow path patterns.

Double pipe heat exchanger

Its design is rather straightforward. It

uses one heat exchanger pipe inside another. After
determining the required heat exchanger surface area, for
either counter flow or parallel flow, the pipe sizes and
number of bends for the double pipe heat exchanger can
be selected. In double pipe heat exchanger design, an
important factor is the type of flow pattern in the heat
exchanger. A double pipe heat exchanger will typically be
either counter flow or parallel flow. Cross flow just doesn't
work for a double pipe heat exchanger. The flow pattern
and the required heat exchange duty allows calculation of
the log mean temperature difference. That together with
an estimated overall heat transfer coefficient allows
calculation of the required heat transfer surface area.
Then pipe sizes, pipe lengths and number of bends can be
found.

Plate Heat Exchanger

Plate heat exchangers consist of thin

plates joined together, with a small amount of space
between each plate, typically maintained by a small
rubber gasket. The surface area is large, and the corners
of each rectangular plate feature an opening through

which fluid can flow between plates, extracting heat from

the plates as it flows. The fluid channels themselves
alternate hot and cold fluids, meaning that heat
exchangers can effectively cool as well as heat fluidthey
are often used in refrigeration applications. Because plate
heat exchangers have such a large surface area, they are
often more effective than shell and tube heat exchangers.

Regenerative Heat Exchanger

In a regenerative heat exchanger, the

same fluid is passed along both sides of the exchanger,
which can be either a plate heat exchanger or a shell and
tube heat exchanger. Because the fluid can get very hot,
the exiting fluid is used to warm the incoming fluid,
maintaining a near constant temperature. A large amount
of energy is saved in a regenerative heat exchanger
because the process is cyclical, with almost all relative
heat being transferred from the exiting fluid to the
incoming fluid. To maintain a constant temperature, only a
little extra energy is need to raise and lower the overall
fluid temperature.

Adiabatic Wheel Heat Exchanger

A fourth type of heat exchanger uses an intermediate

fluid or solid store to hold heat, which is then moved to
the other side of the heat exchanger to be released. Two
examples of this are adiabatic wheels, which consist of a
large wheel with fine threads rotating through the hot and
cold fluids, and fluid heat exchangers.

Plate fin heat exchanger

This type of heat exchanger
uses "sandwiched" passages
containing fins to increase
the effectiveness of the unit. The designs include cross
flow and counter flow coupled with various fin
configurations such as straight fins, offset fins and wavy
fins. Plate and fin heat exchangers are usually made of
aluminum alloys, which provide high heat transfer
efficiency. The material enables the system to operate at a
lower temperature difference and reduce the weight of the
equipment. Plate and fin heat exchangers are mostly used
for low temperature services such as natural gas, helium
and oxygen liquefaction plants, air separation plants and
transport industries such as motor and aircraft engines.

Pillow plate heat exchanger

A pillow plate exchanger is commonly used in the
dairy industry for cooling milk in large direct-expansion
stainless steel bulk tanks. The pillow plate allows for
cooling across nearly the entire surface area of the tank,
without gaps that would occur between pipes welded to
the exterior of the tank. The pillow plate is constructed
using a thin sheet of metal spot-welded to the surface of
another thicker sheet of metal. The thin plate is welded in
a regular pattern of dots or with a serpentine pattern of
weld lines. After welding the enclosed space is
pressurized with sufficient force to cause the thin metal to
bulge out around the welds, providing a space for heat
exchanger liquids to flow, and creating a characteristic
appearance of a swelled pillow formed out of metal.

The

END

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