Threats To Global Biodiversity

The worst thing

that can happen
during the
1980s is not
energy
depletion,
economic
collapse, limited
nuclear war, or
conquest by a
totalitarian
government. As
terrible as these
catastrophes
would be for us,
they can be
repaired within
a few
generations. The
one process
ongoing in the
1980s that will
take millions of
years to correct
is the loss of
genetic and
species diversity
by the
destruction of
natural habitats.
This is the folly
that our
descendents are
least likely to
forgive us.
- E.O. Wilson,
1985

01/04/2006
We wish to learn:

What is biodiversity?

Format for
printing

What are the threats to biodiversity?

How can we estimate rates of species loss?

What can we do about this issue?

Jump to: [What is Biodiversity?] [What are the Threats?] [Rates of Species
Loss] [Summary][Suggested Readings]

1. What is Biodiversity?
What is biological diversity ? In its narrowest sense this term
refers to the number of species on the planet, and it also is
used more broadly as an umbrella term.
Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability
among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which
they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different
items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity,
these items are organized at many levels, ranging from
complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the
molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses
different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative
abundance (Office of Technology Assessment, 1987). Or to
paraphrase: number and variety of species, ecological systems,
and the genetic variability they contain.
The simplest representation is:

These numbers reflect a huge amount of scientific study. In

order for a species to be

The global distribution of biodiversity -- its geography -- is

interesting in its own right, and relevant to conservation.
Biological diversity is greatest near the equator, and declines
towards higher latitudes . Tropical rain forests are especially
known for their exceptional diversity. Some locations known as
"hotspots" harbour an unusually rich local diversity, perhaps
because conditions favour evolutionary diversification.

2. What are the Threats to Biodiversity?

Extinction is a natural event and, from a geological perspective,
routine. We now know that most species that have ever lived
have gone extinct. The average rate over the past 200 my is 12 species per year, and 3-4 families per my.