Vietnam (UK /vjtnm, -nm/, US /vitnm, -nm/;[6]Vietnamese: Vit Nam [vit nm] (

listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV; Vietnamese: Cng ha X hi ch ngha
Vit Nam ( listen)), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With
an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants as of 2014, it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and
theeighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the
northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, andMalaysia across the South China Sea to the southeast.
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Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975.
i

Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent
Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bch ng
River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and
politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in
the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided
politically into two rival states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in
what is known as the Vietnam War. The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished and politically
isolated. In 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began
Vietnam's path towards integration into the world economy.[8] By 2000, it had established diplomatic
relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnam's economic growth rate has been among the highest
in the world,[8] and, in 2011, it had the highest Global Growth Generators Index among 11 major
economies.[9] Its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in
2007. It is also a historical member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Vietnam
remains one of the world's four remaining one-party socialist states officially espousing communism.
Contents
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1Etymology

2History
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2.1Prehistory and ancient history

2.2Dynastic Vietnam

2.318621945: French Indochina

2.4194654: First Indochina War

2.519541975: Vietnam War

2.61976present: reunification and reforms

3Government and politics

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3.1Legislature

3.2Executive

3.3Judiciary

3.4Military

3.5International relations

3.6Administrative subdivisions

4Geography
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4.1Panoramic view

4.2Climate

4.3Ecology and biodiversity

5Economy
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5.1Trade

5.2Science and technology

5.3Transport

5.3.1Air

5.3.2Road

5.3.3Rail

5.3.4Water
5.4Water supply and sanitation
6Demographics

6.1Ethnicity

6.2Languages

6.3Religion

6.4Education

6.5Health

7Culture
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7.1Media

7.2Music

7.3Literature

7.4Festivals

7.5Tourism

7.6Clothing

7.7Sport

7.8Cuisine

8See also

9Notes

10References

11Further reading

12External links