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( 11) &6I1JflUJLi> (Astrology)

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~ (f;l ~ {h @ iJ tIP Q {fJ L LiI- ~ L uil L_ @ (!fJ fiiif !f)J 8i L_ 6i; c: c!J) tr GiT (]) G1T tEl 8lfJJ a 6lJ. @GiJrO)J6ID8> UJ y5JtiilJ ~Qj a6lJ fT rT Q fb@r!iJ <!lifT filJ~@ ~ til 61rr {fI8)(gJ Q LD ~Q !lJliicflfT ~ ~ {lJ{b@j gl6T7 y5JQ UJ VilJT U GJ u UJ rf1 LL_ ~ rT. (!p611 y5J = c?J/ y5J G1J. ~6l)ai fQ§!J y5J rn UJ c!)/@J61) §JJ ~ y5J ~ t;;)J et fiiJ m6lJUJ tt 8i 6lJ 6()) L UJ 8>rr 6lJ $iJ 6?f) fb pm y5JG'I UJ W {D!fU. ~ @j Q U l1J IT .) &J GirT [!J rr w ~ y5J <061 {b@jU t5l !D @j @ :flJl G u rr.gu {D L_ a-, ® rill t!h tt (it) U u ® j;J ~ UJ fD IT ~ fT W J!)6T1 y5J QUJm-{Dwrt. QfljrrroiJa;rrut5JUJrfJratrr 8irr6lJ~~Pi8i ®!6lci;®u5JLi5f!U "@6iJ6lJ tt Ul rfl UJ rt ~i)!:JJy5J uS} GM ~ {A~.j, a 1h @{b!§/TGiJ Q!F tiJ ~ G6I ~ " ~~ JJ)J (GJ{hrrroiJ. QUfT([56Yr. 8i{bt5JUJGU 4~w C:!!}{h@CT6lJ6!>cr) {!j<!T 8J m trtr 8;tiJ 66fl1lJ rt c!Tn._{J5l uS! (!!ju urn rjj 1ILuJ ~/Pl ~ rt 8>.

@ gu G QJ gum y5J, c!T /JJl \!!Jy5J et Gifr W1 Lb a; rr fiiV dJ)I G'fT @j r!h 6Tr a {lJ tt ~ (15J UJ eu r;r fit) tt £D IT ® L.b . @ r@} [iJ ff)J a; ® u t5J {b r$ tt Q) ;'b ~ tr rT 6lI L Q LD tt y5J u Q U UJ ®ffiJ a;{bu 6ID6'6T UJfii1T 6lJ ffiJ an_pS/ UJ {!j61fr p5J cF t!F $lJI e!!Jy5J ~UJ ~ iJ ([9llJU ~ iJ ®wu ffJ 8)@rli1 r9lfT'JVcF CF 8>8ifJ LDfT Ch6lJ ffiJ an_pS/ ruJ LLrm rt.

@uGUfTifU {DLa,@!JW r$~~y5J GtvrTwpSJ 5039 ~(om{f)J8i6TTrr~roM{D~ 6Trolrr.{f)J 8n.!Du u@8iJro {D ~. g ffv8i ~ GUaJtOff an.!J)J W 3~Lb c::?)f y5J 6l1J (iJ®u t5) m 7 BOO ~ 6ffi@8)(gGYT 8)y5J {h~ rftTroff m. 503 9 ~ 6iM (J)1 or fiiig WJ Lb 8i rim" ci; ® 9.L ~ ~ LlJ 1LJ tr u5J W. .dPI o~ ~ 2 ~ W C1i L 6iJ a Ch tt m16l5l ®tBgJ Q {!jrT Lrfu &iJ UJ ~rr 8)c9; Q ChfT61r G'fTG1J a 6lIrom-@w. QjJ{lj6lJ <9iL_~ a 8ifT L® (y) w W Lh 51 6lJ s: L 6iJ a 8) tt G1r 8i tOfT @ CJj {P!6 iJ (!!j a-, 8) 6U tt w. @ r!iJ ffil m Lb 5rfJ{hilfJ~~tbQa;L_LfT~ U6lJ G{ljrrm-(yJ~ 8)L6iJ(;{9rT6iT8lroYr U~~L1h {huSJ {p{DrrLliI-v;U !EJ 8iy>{5~~LD 6Yvc!JirTL fiT~lLJL 6T~UQJ tt 6T(!j)i)lLJ 'LD6"5)!D!A~ QrueprflUJrr' (Lost Lemuria) 6Trill@lw .J$f6Urr 6Vp5l UJ U u@ W. ~~rufT 6iJ, er Qj6lll rpj{£,fl)I Lb g}_§JJ y5J 8;8ifiiW 4rt!j a LD{iJCTn{6J UJ (!JJ r(5) [D vm UJ ~ {h @6UlUJafh Q lLJ ~ U {lj {iJ ® UJ tt ffJl ill @ @c9; ~ 6M !J)J . ~ s; G QJ , J!j tt W (!JJ rf!j 6lJ fWJ y5J u!l !D tt ~ 67 6V 61J tt c$ 8i tt 6U ~ ett 6lJ W ~ Gil (] 6lJ tt iT ~ y5J ~ 6lJ 6T 6lJ ~ 6lJ tu tr 8i 6lJ rn L_ UJ Q QJ W .!J)J W, 6T 6V6lJ IT c9; 81fT su ~ ill" 6lJ 8i L_ @jW ~ {h tr fJ ill rr ~ {D rr GYT tt ~ f!Jl ~ IT c:!!JI y5J ~ 6V C!JH_~ 6lJ {lj rt GiJ , ~ ~ {b ® a LD {iJ U LL_ et 6iJ~ tr u G U fJ 611' 6lf r$6"G) 6YT UJ Lb c!}/ ffiJ ffiJ ~G LD ~ ru c: QI tt rT ~ y5J 6'5J 6iJ (yJ l1J- 6lJ ~ 6lJ rr 8i ~ rn LD ~ ~ 8; Q a;rT ~ LfiilfT rT tOT6irr J!)J Lo ~ p51 ~~Qa;rr61r 8). (" Qa: {6 ~u5J ~J Q56iJ6UJ" LDLrfiJr!J)6l; 1939)

60

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Lf) m 6lJ UJ tt etr !D fT (j)I U mr ~ L (!JJ~ {!j uS} ~ [6 IT @ 8)@!J 6lr tf)6"bT fD tt ~ G<fF[J[!jfTLrr®W. liJ.L.71. 2~w ~{b!DfT~i1I-~/ @;}£l;@ILHT (!:P@ruvm~UJW ~t.:JiT 61fT Lfl-U u(f)JiJ~ UJ c: r!F '7 6fiT Q a: ffiJ®L(E)6lJGir flfiJ I dJ)I~ fh6m6lJe;) !Dihr:D {bu51 Y;;[DfT LJT t8J ®Ihrjj~· ~ WfT 6iJ I @;}~afDrT (YJ{iJ{l5J ~ LiJ ~rfI UJLf)UJ LD IT til 8; §J L r!i; ~ W {D:!I». ~) ~G U IT ,gp 6ir 6lT {!j uSJ ~ U U fT 65l UJ riu c!Jj@!;m !FJ [!J IE {!j iJ 6U U U@a;rrfJt1J LD m 6U UJ tr G1T CD tt LlS/-{b OJ!D th ~ Q ~ G1fr U 6"ID rjj @ ~;(f)(ii5T 4 ®w au tt ~, <'F rfll>i) r;J W ~!DJ £l; ~QirT ci;®w ~ (!9 LD (I!j L_ 6ID 8) C:~rr~{DfT w{b C:u tt a;rT /!J/. ~.t5J 9 ~Lh jW{b!DfTrom-(j)I6lJml7 ~~ ~u5},;p {D tt i.: tt 9j (] 6lJ u5I (!!j th {lj ~)l.D I G ~ '7 LJ) tr w Q U ® LD rr Gtr I 8i [t, ~ (J e!P rT ii ~ 6T m- W1 W @;)® [!jfT UJ~ WIT fr a: rfI /J~ '7 rJj{ljrT ~ tiJ ~ {l5J UJJ-,5J La; ~r;;tr!D!b1.

~~tb®u t5}ww/ W !iJ6V ~tb!DfTrdJT(J;Ja;t;/rr ~u5) Ii> [DfTLfT a;(JQ1 @;}('!J[h i) (!!J 8; 8) a Q/ ~ @ Lb. ~ {h {D rr r;;6rr Lll- tb ® u L5J Gtr {!j tt 6ir LJ) ~ su UJ tt 6TT W

"" 6T ~ ~ Lh Q W tt y5J (!jJ ~ ar a-, a; {h Q {D tt LJiu £J {b J!)J. ~ ft)J ~ar QP tb U @6lJ dJ i) tiu {D u5J ~!P a lU {D @ro6J u5I C!!JJh ~.f!Jl~' t5J tb U@QJ{hiJQJ {D tt roM ~rflUJt6m{h~ rflJ@~tb!f)J· ff;lc@c!F/J~ ror@/Jfh~CFW (17 ~tb JDIT tbfDrrfiiffi'(J;}) ~rfJ UJ Q6lJ@~m~ UJ6"G)LD~~ W, 6lJL Qc!F fT {be,mw u Lf ® ~ i) '4 W ~ a <'F '7 f1j tt L_@ J; GJ en rr@!6tjju5JYJfTu5J(!!j $ ~ 61fl {lj (!JJ tb .ff)J W ~ rfI UJ LD UJ LIJ tt 8; u;, 6'fiJ L_ L tr fr . LD m 6lJ UJ rr ett Lb @ 6irr !!)J W eJ J5

jJ)IT {!J tt L m LU U (!!j611 ~ ~ c: ~. ~ t6J ~ tb ~ u5J !p {!51 UJ fT 6'4) u: UJ rr §IN WI ~ rfJ UJ U U 6D Y' 6?fH.D rn UJ !f> U>l5l1LJ t.D ~ ffiJ eJ GTr {fJfT L_ 6'4) LU U '7 ar (J rr us C:8Otp~!JLb 6Tdr g)J W, uS/8>U ufiOly;mwUJrrm Q~Gir.ff)J Ln~ ~uSJ Y>!fJfT LW G) fD r;;ig j)J Lb Q a: fT bbfit5lJ; GL$ rr Gtr i:J Qr fD ~ IT LD rn fit) UJ tr GYT ~ ~ tt IT. @;} ~ ~ QJ tt 8j L@ @;}y5JC:Q1UJ6iTp5J IL UJ IT QJ6ir $)I. ~ u5J ~ tl> @ ~ ~QJ rt 8jL(t!jtJj c: {Drrar J!)JQI@Qjrn6lJ.

LD m 6lJ UJ tr 6TT Q LD fT y5J ~ a ~ tt {b {D 6lJ rorr rt '* ~ 8i a> ett S. J!!f rffJ QJ tt CT ~UJrfiJa;rrrt ~6lJrte,m 6T@@UJ ~ufJy5JGl)8;$1UJ ~17fTtlJ,*lil (Studies in Tamil Literature) 6T~~W .fPJTG61tb a;r;;fu@GJa;fTm8).

LD a> Q) UJ tr <OfT Lb 6T ~ WI Lb Q LD rr y5J G u tt Gir a !D ~ dJ)/ ffli <ffi Q u UJ (!!J Lb UJ tba;rrQ)iJ{lJ~.

LD6tD'il) + ~ 61fJ = LD6lfl eoiu tr GYfJ. ~ 6lf] = d!tb 6ir. fft. (] fD tt: an_LL_rr 61fI ~ QIfIiI r!1irr gfJ, u rfil8jfT G1fJ ~ Q{!jfT y5J(jtJrT 61ft ~ LDGmfilJUJ IT 6'1f) = LD6"5>61J{DfT L_L_rT 6M.

LD ~ 61J UJ fT ~ u5J 6iT Q LD tr y5J LD 6m Q) UJ IT r01T t..b I LD ~ 6lJ UJ rt 61fJ + ~ th = LD6lf>6lJUJ tr en t.h ~ t§j).a {DfT: Q/ rill BifT GYfI -- 611 riil8i tt rorr t.h.

LD~fil)UJfT6'fT !DrrLlJ1-~ 6lJLUfT8iW LDfiVUfTfr (Malabar) fiT6lrT.f!)J J}/6IDlP&8iU u(£l!il!D 4». (!JJ~roir (!fJ~6lJ LD~6lJUJrr fii'fT {DfT Lli1-olJ QJ {h~ fDffiJ 9:J fir{ c: ui 66HiV roV/6"5> L!!J y5J UJ rt, LD 6?f) su UJ tt 6TT [D tt L_ (fj1 Q LD tt y5J J; (!!j LD fil) U fT It 6T G"irr .!J)J Q u UJ rfJ L_ ® ~ ~ uS} ~ Y! lLJ W ~ i.J Q u UJ fJ tt bU ~fi5)lP/J{h6'5T rt ~ ~w [lJ~ 65/1J ~Tl11-_{b®w a GlJ!J)l U fT@ UJ pSlC: ~UJ tt ~G£lroifT.

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6lJ IT f7 W = c!F tt til COlJ d!JIruru.t!Jl c!F rfJ~, ~.C: {DfT: d)J L9-6lI rTIJ th, ~fT ~QJ mt th. eutt tt u: @LUQUUJlJfT~6'5)Q) ffJ8;BiGlJrrt;TW 67~U{hrr[iJ airr6i6T8j [Da-,u,~fTr;rL.b - Nicobar. LD~fit)G))fT[Jt.b - Malabar.

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c: s: tr ~fT @ (!PfhfiV fT 6lJ ff;J @jLW6'5)6l)r9;(:!!j8J fiJ y>JJ fiJQy {ijI J!)JQJ U U L._@ ~ i) (!!j ff !i} '7 tr U u 6Tr G"ff! #, c: c!I) rr L L ~ 8i VW> lLJ # G ~ rt ~ {h r!J) ® fr ~ {h ~ rjj601 6Vflj9>'7 tr fiiM ~rr r!h6lf t.b, tSJ~ 4 G a: IJ tOM ®LLD~6l)ci;® a web$! S2l 6Yrr;;rr u ® ~ 6rj) UJ .9i rn a; u u [b {!5l tE rt QI tt 6lfl5f/8j ~ $I tb ® w (] c!F rr lP u tt mr lJItu rfl ~ crn- .f!)J ill U tt :f!J dJi rr u tS! (b ® W C] LD 6lJ a; 61f) if u1l1OiJ GlJ r§ ~ flJ 8) 6m IJ UJ rn LD ~ ifJJ 8; a; et!>n- 6T ~ .ff)J ill ~ ~ [b ® u Q U lLJ rfJ L[_ ~ tt CJ) G1J W, t51 tb r!hrr 6lJ.jJ j;J GiJ 8i JPu u ®i! m UJ di c$fT~./!J 4 Q s.n 6ir ett (}PlS/-UJ tt m LDUJ tr 6iJ, ~ ~ Q CJjfT rfv ® [I>fTQ L roir!f)l ~<i5fl {6fT LrT til u OJ rfl {i>{h0l ru- u!_pffiJ 8i@JrT <rnCJ)6W LU u L_L~rr CJjGlJ~ Q {hrfJ!iJ6ifT [D~.

6l1JG7f) mQ UJ d a:G ill urmrm L_~ rpjuSJ ySJru ro6J ~6?fT (YJtDfD tr c!JJ 6lJ ~ffiJiJ tb.!J)1. LD 6ri) su UJ tt G1T ii ~ GiJ @ ~ .Jl)J w ~ ffiJ ffil m- (] LD. @ ~ C8 CF IJ m (] ill QJ l_j rr 8j j, 6m $Ii 8; m Ch U u tb !f)J (!JJ roM 00 (!!j ~ ~ u Y' ~ ~ u5J Ii' Jffi Q) su rn UJ a; ® p)J Ji ® Lb r a c!T CT rT Q s: If, ~ u5l G?5) !j) 6lJ GTT rt ~ {!j 6?JT fr ,. ~ u5J @lI W ~ §)J 6T@:ii/!)J QJ y! c9; 8iJ c: 6V c: UJ !iJ !D U U tt t6! (!!j m ~ ® r9; UJ 6tr !D /!Jl. (] U # <fn QJ ifJ ci §,] GiJ 8) [b (] flJ rr rf} L Lb GUJ m m (!jJ rb .!J)J 6lJ LSJ_Jol/ W LD tb c: !D tt rfJ L W G6J GID (ilffQ UJ # c!F eu L9- GlJ WrT 8i @®6lJ6"5)8) 6l1LSI _ _fDl/8i re!JLo 6lJ!J) ffiJ!i1 uS! ®8;8J a 6ll6ttiT@Lb. OJ tiJa;rr GlJ i>~ 6iJ Q c!F ~ 1huSJ ~,J a CF f7 LD(J t5J w m LD UJ tt §JJJ W, r7>wQy;rr@ GJ{!jfTLrtUlmmwUJfT§JJJw, ~rflUJ c!:pUJtbfiJUJfT~W, U6WU®i>{J>UULL_ QCF!fj{lJuSJ/:p 6lJy;>8iCf,{b.f!)J~ U~Y'UJ 651rn~QUJ#!F 6lIL!J-6l1Gw ,6lJtpriu{i;} QJC!!J~Qg{DQ~~ 8). ~u5JW1Lb, '6lJrr~', 'UrT6kr', (of tb f!)J ~ 6rf) mQ UJ c!i a: ffiJ c!J)W @mjJ)Jw QJ Ylr6J@j6lJ ~fT 6iJ, a elF IJ fJ>fT LL1I-tb Q <F !b~uSl4P 6lJ y>tfiJgJ UJ67S>{h ILJ'iim CTViU tt W.

UJy;>4® Gw{b® 6T~W1Lb f;J~<!FU QUlLJfr a;~, @jLDrft fljfTLliI-(]6VaUJ ~vilifiV~ G!F(J ~L_&:JGUJ{bUL._L_ OJ6irr LD~Q)UJrrGlT /DfTLLrrtT9i®Gir (] ~rr ru p5J u5J@d;O, (] 6lJ61M@Li:J.

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( 5) U tres« rt 6T arw w u !J>~ffJu5'J y?c9J®6lJW WG?n6UUJ nett [f>rT LLI/-rii6J (§~~6iJ. ( 6 ) LDm~ UJ rr 6YT £lj rrL_l.iJ- 6U LDfT {Dffil CliL(!!J ffl6m r;r u Q LJ III IT fiil1 YJffi.J Cfj6lJ .

~~G6l1 u~mLi> ;1>u))fp(l::P~flJ· ~uSltP{I;fTLUJ-6iJ ~~ wrr[iJ[Du U L -Lf!Jl. i1'}1T6'SJ L~j;J tb(~yJ U1flJ{6~ ~u51 fP{DfT L_~L aUJ (!jJ'$ffi c!p~ru ~rflUJ UJUJLDfT J;$J6Mrt. ~/lJ/ ~® 6lJfi1J8;8ifTI7W. ~u5JY;{!jIT@ ~rf1lLJ LDtLJ wfTu5I~, t5J {D @[T tt Q)} L [J>rr(j;J8J~ {ljrrGw UJ tr ®G'1 LD~ LJ!lJ ~rfJ UJ It 8>® 1f, f!)I.

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(9) LD®W8;8)L LrTUJW aurrw[D ~® Q1YJ8>@j 8i®!BU:'JUJ{h ~1iilJr!JjGtfJ6U QJ tp ffiJ a;GU .25

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@!)p5JuLj ;- u!"~~rrrfil®y5J Qu~L5J61r61f)6YT aiL_Ga; fOJ{iJ{D ~rruJ]~w, mUUJ~r$GfTIr~W ~LUU@ro>.Jjf)J ~rdM(E'J.

u6dor6OOfll!JW

u~ - U~6MfJLUW = Utdr,T~UUL._L_ u6iJC86lJJ!)J Qurr®6tr.

QlhfT@LIC:UfTtf t$QJLQt§fT!f)IW UoW,-66DfJIliW ufTffiQ/bUJ (LDGlmfl: 7 : 124).

QJ L_t;;}J IT, Q wO: IF ii{lJ8;a; §JJ I Q/ tt r!it 8i6lf W ro6J [b [Drb(r!!jw gJ_rf} UJ /JJI 6T W J!)J W G;) !F UJ tb 60) ,g) (!JJ rn fD u5J 6i.J Q 6l16'iJ (] QJ .!J)J eyHitJ U Q u tt (!!j rorr 9n_!f)J QJ IT . (GlJ.QJ ; 199).

!Q_y!Q) rt Q IF til tLf w u u5J IT ~Q {bfT y5J61f>GlJ8: fi} jJ)J SlUT JDliI-::h {Vn-C~' t.b ~ L([;I u ~ rnmr ... {rpj.65J .(!J>r!1i.a;,_)

U6DbrUt.:.L EilLDrrWl

@iLltiJ'ffir!1iQwrr y5J ~ 6V 61J ItJ (yJ 65)!p ~ ~ ru Q W!T y5J (y)@Ql6TTrT#fiI UJ6IDL_~1lJUJ~ UrdoTULL QWITy$l (Culticulate Language) ~6iJ6l)gu @6IDY>fh~<iiiJ QWfTy5J (Articulate Speech) G{hfT<ffip5J{b!J)J. ey:>m{DGU) (] a: tU 65) W ~ dtrr 61f> ill (Y){iN 67J) LD lLf fiiW IT {h.gu w ~ . FT- • W!1 GT ~ W LiJ QPJ:r.9iL@ciJa;6'ffJ~~a[D @6my;iJ~GiJ G'lWfTy5J QU®WUfTiJJjw n: ® 6lJ tt t6/ tb.!J)J . ~ w eyJ ~ [D W16lr @!Jw (!JJ m m UJ cF C1i L_ L tt ~ UJ !P611 a; tt fJ G LD 1fjuS! {pJ: Q a: rr {b CJj@!16tr (!jJJ;a;rr rb u riil8iJ tb ® a us {hu LL_ U®W()5)UJLJ tSlfDUUI~f!Jl6irroTT~. ({h.@.6lJ.(!jJ~~m(l.)

u6DbrUrTCB 6T6iJr@JLD GllffT6U 6Dl6JT fi,a;tb

U~U@6lJfbJ u61Rrrurr([;J. uVilWu([;l{E6lJ grtuu(JJ{h6lJ, ~6iJ~§P ~([!j[!,~ ~6i). ~®tbi)UJ !KJ6lJdi6lnthu UmrULL_ ~GlJ6lJ.:!lJ U~U@#3fl>UULL !KJ 6lJQ W6M .f!)J Lb, iJ ®[!, i) UJ ~ uS} 6ri) y;> U "u ~ u L_ L_ GL~ ~ fh uS] 4P " ( $lid! UU tt L_6V) et tiiM jJ)J t.iJ I i) (!!j[!,~ UJ 6lfGirrorr ~~{hu u~ U LL6lfGir 6fT Q LD~ .!J)J WI Q a: tt 6UQJ.I!J 6lJ tpc9ia;w.

u~ 6T6irrWlw QUUJrT8: GO:rTdJ@j r:!jJ61JWrTfiM u~~fh6iJ 6T~~W GUJ~~cJ: QCFITGlJSJJW, 5JflJUUrT8i ~r;;rruQujJ)JwC:UrT /lJI, u6iJaQJ.f1)J 6l1J~w 9j~ fi)ff th i)(!!J[i,{h8: Qa: til ~fit06lJlLJ Lb uGiJ(tQl.f!)J Q u tr ®ro- c!J)a>GrT 5 Qa:6iJ~QJUJfTuJ ~rnLD~~~6lJUJW, ®p5Ja,05w.

U6Wrurr@ ...

•

UrrGl.HT ~rr

71

U6'5lfr~fEru = 1. @61Jth~;:hfh i)®~i!U{ljru. (U~~UUL:_L LD®thtEJ6lJW u6ffi"~6?m).

2. ~rt i)6IDUJ~ rj}@jiJu U®~.t!Jl{lj6U.

W!b6V UJlTm61fT(JLUIT@ 466J67fTC%j5rf UalJr6lN61jw (Y!DLD.12) 3. 8i-611l11-;ii~riu (~6lJffiJ8)rfI~~6iJ)

ULLQWff k;-6Vr5Jc$6V ua&raNJ ((§G1Trr. s:,wwrr. 14)

4. @/iiroCFUJ6lJ Ch~LD~fhru.

U6llffr 6n7IT6V Urf)6JJLL (1)6lf6T lLJff(TlTtUjb6V (&6lJ 8). 657, iL6f> I)}

5. u~ ~61f)wi>{lj6iJ.

w@{Dw u66&r6lf6fl1li l»(!!;rliJC%c!EITL@t# .I#WffU; (LDmGUuffi). 534). 6. a=mw~~6iJ.

urrfJ1l uSl~m6lJ'4LiJ u6litJr INTIT 5 Qu IJ)/@ wi (LD mQ)u@. 417).

, (;)5 til ' lOT 6ir WJ W ro5I rn r;wr # Q5 tt 6V co6J dJ m ./J)J, f;! (!9 ~ ~ e:ff)I6V 6lJ ~ ~ Y;>8lrrILUF Q s dnu uGJu tDfDf!J 6TW~ tb c;, U fT ®61fI6iJ, G1a:tiJ 6T 6isT~ W {5J 6lJ U Q u UJ ® w Q CF til lLJ roir 6T ffi ~ W @ UJ tb {D uS! !.p U u tt LIJI- ro1Jr QUUJQ5w G~rrw{l5Jt6J(!5uu~J GurrwC1:!D; u~ 6T6tr~W roBl~CiWT# Q e: rrGiJ6l5] W'/6ig ./J)J W, @@!6{lJ dP/6lJ6lJ §JJ @6"5fI{lifTliut Q CFUJUJ uQ u {iJ{D 1!J 6T<OM~Lb G!urr®6'1fJ6iJ, umr~6m" 6TwWlw J6]6lJU G)UILJ@jW u~ 6TrOiT~w @mCF1h {huSJ!p ~6mLDLllSt~ Q UlLI@W; (]:/Drrdr(151lLf6TTfiiYT CiWT.

umrurr@ U6V G:1urr(!!JL(!!J Z?_rflUJa{h~th, {.616lJ(YJw W8J8iW tLWGTT (y)w utb{l5JC81LJ QU(!!jQJYJ8J8irT BiLl aUCFuQU.fl)JW. ~ffiJ~6lJ{biJQ) Culture tOTw~Lb QUUJrt ci Qa:rrGiJ 8!Jf!JUUfT t$ tEJ61JU utiiWurrL_fii(f)'-lLJw $Q_G'(TU udtrrurrLr;;IDLUJw (C!5{l5luu~ 8i6lJ~r$8)~~8;8)~. cultivate 6T 6ifT W W GBl615l fiiriT 8: Q efT tt 6iJ ~ ill ~ riil (!jJ 61fT a us. @roil@')®6l.I61J>dJiu u~urrL@~@!Jt.b, W8;c!h61f)GTf1h ~@661Ul lLrorruu~urraL !i1 toLl U tt 8),$ G) dJirT GiT w6lJ W GI CF rrroiJ6lJ6lj W Q u.Jl)J W.

c: CF 6)J ffiJ r!Jj 6lJ .§WT rf) a LD 6"M IT 6Tr (!JJ ~ 6iJ t;;}j fr au r;r tt . @iffTLDa:rrwJ; 8i6lJrdlrrLrT ®@Lbuw U~UL_L {hu51[p#' ®®wu~~[b®w, ~rrtiJ Q WrT ySJ uut 8illU 1fJu5} ((ilj)!J)fiJ (hrnfil)61f) uuutt a:,u c: u tr {b.J1)J w GJ a: LUJ-®6'IT W

urd'rrrULLm®8;®W, :2J6])6lJ mtDt6tb 6T(£I~./!Jl8; BirrLLrrLb.

a: m ett w u fiiW u ([;J QJ ~ Q u ® t..b u rr $J.ll W a; 6U 6l1J UJ tt fiV IT fh fit) rr 6iJ , u roirir u rr(£1 aJfiiJQ)] uS! ®i' 66) UllLf ffiJ ®P5J 8;@W.

>buS! ySJ 6iJ ~~ 65) LDGID iu Ji ® p51 a; ® Lb Q c!f rr {b CTJ@!J6Tr, @lLJ6iJ4 er roFrr u ~ @llJtb rn c!Ji UJ tt m- {lJ cobr ~ LDtOID UJ lLJ W, u rOffi '-I Vir ~ u:{fJJ u ~ u @ ~ ~u Qu{b{D ,a>&1J6lJ 1hW<iil5>LD6mlUUjW, ®{l5J8i®Lb.

72

u6lmf}6)(J)rrW'

..

u6UOflQLDtly,5l

6T iJ~mr;;rrol8; a;@®fiJ ~ ~67i){!j11.f W 6T 6lf] ~GiJ ~6ml Ji®lD @clIfiffiWILILb ~rrt_P6~)l.DU_IW 8i6UIh~ 6lJUlUJ<fF Q(FfT{iJe;m. (iI.Ln. 1258)

.

U6tD6llMUJlD

utbfljUJU Qurr(!!j~. GlJLt.q-Wl 6T6M.g)JW QUUJrt Qu.!J)Jw. (i).LD.933).

u~

u~iJ - uJ;~ (bh)

u«!J - u~ (bh). u~~6irr - ucii'iD (bh). @ffiJffilfilfTW u(;!!j, u;:b~6ifr, u~fi;J 676irrww Q~ffiQa:rr[ba;@9wl ueil, U8;{!J, u8ii) GT6ifT~Lb 6lJLG)~rr{b 8i @!Jt.b, f} a IJ eyJ 6lJ ~ iJ ~ ~ JJ)J a ~ tt 6irr {l5J uS} Q9u U {h rr 6iJ, QJ L Q cf" tr {b a;L®a, 8ifT LUJ-Ul GJ WfT ySl uQ U fT@L a;rr if tOm" (] LlJ Q 1b 6ifTQ c!F IT {h®w ~9i®w 6T6lfT ~pSlcn. (Qi.6lJ).

u9;Fh = u(;!jr$cnuQu[iJ/D.{!)J, u®i)UJrTG?fT~, UfT{bUL._L~, urr[bul· I 6lJ~ I U tb !f)J6Tr6YT6lIffi, au tt tb.f!)J u6lJm, 6lJ1iW5T ffi1@ju6lJm, QJ ySl u(£Ju6lJm J ~'-9-UJrrw (WfT.66J~J

uJip;! = U®9lC/iU Qu[b{!J~UJ, u®i!UJfT6Mfi'5>W, UfTtDULL_.6'!f)LD, (] u tr {iJ!)J fiW)r!Ji, 6lJ ~ rlilt:t9alCli, 6lJ ySJ U @~8) I c: ;:h6lJL!J.AnfJL.D (LDfT.~ -dP/J

u /J j;I et 6iir ~ Lb G elF tr Gb roJ 6iu QJ IJJ- QJ QJ f.J 6l) fT tb 6m flJ UJ W , ~ ~ oru Gu.ur JfA/uG)UfT ®6"6>GrTUJw, U@j 6Tw~Lb Qa:fTQ>6l5Jcoiw g~9; alfT~ 8).

u tb!f)J et 6ig U ff;/ {j)@i'm6m'u. Q u rr@61ra;GlT W {fJI (YJti!rr <OTT dPlfYJ~i) UJ ~m~mUJaUJ ®p5}cil®w,' ui;j;J bTfiiru§JJ {j)~JD(ii}j~L~~W ~fQO)fiI)6l1~ Li>~ ffiJ Q CJjrrm, L J)/ s:a: :/JQ~fT(£) 9n1.!J-UJ m_rom mwUJ tt ~ u~ 6lJ~6"5)UaUJ ®p5}~®w. (w.61/J

u~u 6lurt~lliI56iT

1. !JjfTGTr (tDLCF;ii~[lw), 2. 8)~Lh, 3. OT~6ml8;rnr!l) (LDa8i!h~(JW), 4. Qu~ JBL._i} (6iv~rfJ ~rT8;a;Lb), 5. i5J{DroBI ((3UJrrciJJ, 6. V16ril!J ({j)(lrri7), 7. (Ja;rr6tr ({j)'7rrUJUJ~uit), 8. QJ~UJw, 9. @miTcT,$W (aQJ6l)fD), 10. ~17@ ({j)t;Jcfai). ({b.il. 20)

. .

U~LD

• •

U~r!f,<!JjLD - U~1Jj

UL - u{fJ - u~J;a;t.iJ = UI7!h~ ~6ml. §>.C:/Drr: ULfTma; - u{hfTfi:i(j)r!Jj. (6lJ.QJ : 199).

uJ»tD - up, C •. <86lJ)

ui) - u~w = tff!fil)j,~[b uiJUJw 8ifTfjUllI-. u~tlJ - urr {hw - UfT61fl'flj = UfT~W UL_(h1 9Lom-LfT@jW QJySJ.

.

UITQjIT~rr

73

U tt 6m 'Pi 6T m ~ t1J Q ,!F tt GiJ 6lJ L Q LD tt ySJ u5J 6iJ @biJ6m6l). ~ u5J GifT , iJJ!d,~{hrr~UJtt@ru ZL~@. OE paeth, E. path.

urr~w - urr~ (@.aQ).) (6l1.6lJ :199) (@.ill. : 747)

.

up;rr 6lJ6ID&

u;1J fr [!j61rr fDrr IiJ G'6l G6)6lT U1 rr ~/lJl; Q U tt ci>® 1!LGYr 6Yf L{b aJ ~. (Q ~ tt 6i> : 70). u~ - u.§)6D

uf! - u{hw = Ui)~5)®8;«!>W tK16106V ~GiJQ)t!J JK16'G'>6l)61nLD, Uth~· '''J5Jtflro5J6iJ (Jffiff6VU/b,rb ffJ/PJtb§ll" (8) LD.UlJfT. $b1®QJ lq- @!>L(6l. 101).

uf!jw - u{!j6lJ - Urjj651. (GlJ/iill: 199).

(1) Qa=rr6U:- uiJ.

(2) Qr!Trr6U6lJmc!Ji :- (part of speech or word-class) - ~~6M.

Qr!TUJuu@Qurr('!Jm @j61rr£Drr6l1lG6)65TUJw (v.t.) Qa:lUUU@ G)urr®w ®ffip5Jll166Jm~tLfLiJ. (v.i.),

(3) 4~LQUUJrt J=ti1 (conjugation): 8~6lJ:f!U 6lI61n8}. u@iiJa{D6ifT ({bJ. sst) U~thC:fD~ (@.8jrT), u@GQJGirr, tetsut).

(4) Qurr(!!>@!Jw ~L§:}awtbGa;fT~LD : (meanings and illustrative quotations).

Qa:UJtbQuUJtT G1JliI-GlJ : (gerundial form)

u~ - ~6iJ = (QCF.@j6lrr{DrT.6ll!). 1. Uj)(]QJLL1J-fii.> f)T@~'7J6U, to register, enter in writing. 2. QUUJrru ULJ.!I-u5J{b C:a:rT ~1OGiJJ to take on the roll.

(Qa:. @)Qrp5JUJ.Q)}.) 1. ~lP~6b, to sink in, as the foot or a wheel in mud; to enter, per.etrate, as into a soft body. 6lI6WlSf-cF 8=8;r!Jj(JW Ga:{b{151tb ui)UJIDttd. (ZLGU8i fiilly>8;@j). 2. f!Jrry,~i)(!!j.J,~GU, (to be low-lying. as land; to be depressed, sunk, hollow, worn away. !EJG1JW U~[f,~®8;~!D:f§J. (lL.GlJ.). 3. {DrfiJ(f!>{f>6U, to settle, abide; to perch, roost, as a bird, "ui)G~w J!)J u~~{h~w" ({h6DfJrndhuy. U1r;rwroM. 2.) 4. tff/mrutLJfT ~6i>, to be permanent, as a post. 5Trnc91® ~!J~LDm6Mu5Jtb u~tf>~ G6lJrn61Ju1J6U6lf)G'U. (!DfT~.ZL.QJ.) 5. !l>6TT6tr .!J)J{f>GU, to be absorbed, engrossed, involved, as the mind in any object. LDfiilHW UrTL.~i1{b ui)~!Drr ~rr? (!!L.QJ.). 6. (!:p~~mf], <>T@r/J{f>Q:9T c!:p~66JUJ~ ~@tJ;~ID6lJ, to be imprinted, impressed, marked, stamped, engraven, indented. 7. c!)JilCfJfTfJw QU.fl)J{lJ6U, to be invested with power, authority. (W. ).' 8, @{Drfil@:!hViiJ, to be decline after meridinal transits; to be near setting, as a heavenly body; to descend, alight, as a bird. 9. ~6"6lQJ ~~~"', to be low, as price. 65i6lfJ6lJ~UJu ui/UJ8> GaiLLrrar. (aL.filJ) 10. o:::!J)/mw~

74

ul)

~---.--"".-----~-----

UJrT ~6iJ, to be mild, gentle or tractable; to become submissive, modestor humble. 6"(5)UUJ~ Ug,.GYfJ8;an.l_~i){iJ uw~fhJ®9>8J{JJfTm. (lL.QJ.) 11. ~c§!iJ u5J~riu®1hGiJ ~6iJ6lJ§JJ t516ifrQJrrffiJ®~6iJJ to quail, flinch.

QUlLJQfJ#a:w: (adjectival participle)

@. CliIT. Qu. uj;l!f>~ [bI6lJW low land.

Qa:UJ{hQuUJ(!!Jw Q~rry5}{iJQuUJ®Lb : (gerund and verbal noun.) ui'rfhGiJ, uiJIm8i, U@QJj!U, the act of registering, sinking etc. uf;l6lJ, registration, sinking etc.

Q{hfTySJtiJQuUJ(!!Jw, Q{ljrry5}ViVrT®QuUJ(!!jw : (Verbal noun and metonymical verbal noun.)

u~ = 1. Uif/fiiIDCJ), penetration, transfixion, thrust. "J!ilIOffl67MlGr>6VG611GlJ uilQc$rr~@," (flQjai. 1186). 2. u~UJtiJ, cluster of saplings planted temporarily. 3. {ljrr{b!)J, sapling for transplantation. 4. ui!6l1Jm 8;@j, lamp fixed on a pot while exercising devils (W.). S. z:L6ID{Dro/LW, abode, residence (i)QJrr.), "ui)uS/{iJ r!J)Q)ffiJ8iJUJ wrotr" (®!D6Yr. 1116), 6. 6l1@, home, house (ilGlJI7.). 7. Ga;rruiJru, temple (c!FffiJ. ~a;.) 8. ®# Qs:rr6lJ§JJJw @LLb. an oracular shrine, "ujjlu5J®~~ Ui)QUJ6VrolJfTLD uW6lJrr (JiB:

Qa:roirC:f1Jroirr" ([!jfTr§.LD(!!jw8;.wrr.) 9. ~tT, town, city, village. "ugJ QUJ~ QJ¢JUJrru uy;;rfiJ@jlJ1-." (g;]6VU. 1 : 15) 10. @jfT6VW (~uSJ), the earth. (6lO1lJ6l)QJ. ~~QJ.). 11. (f!j~rnfJ, horse. (~c!f,. t6/).

u~6lf = 1. ~@~~~a;, impression, indentation. 2. U6YrGrrwf lowness of a surface; depression. t6J6lJih U~QJrruil®8;fi){D~. (1L.6lJ) 3. uj;lUJw. cluster of saplings planted temporarily. 4. ro6Jmrw6M 8i6'tfJG:iirr a=rnu6lJ dec .. 1ination of a heavenly body. (W.) 5. tOT@QJ~tb® c!pfiiM~lDiTw i)rfilCliGYr (a:!hi)fJw) {6l6'tDViV, situation of the moon before its rise. (W.) 6. U.:!J8;c!hW, stooping, crouching, lurking as a thief or a beast ready to spring on its prey; ambush. 7. W6Mt.D !J§!!m .!J)J~a;. engrossment, absorption in an object or pursuit. 8. a>r;;ma;®u U~~8i, registering, entering, as in account. 9. ui)GlJ GJr!fuJUJUUL_L.~. that which is registered. 10. uiJ!UJu ULL!!Jl. registry, entry. 11. ~rtLDrrtOJf)8;a;uul· I Qa:ru6lf, allotment, as in a budget "@tf,;2ja; (]a;fT6l1Jro6J~ dFrfiJ@j ~4JlQI{!j{b®u uff;l6lf ~[bULG6J~~6lJ'" (£1jrr«fj.9L.6lJ.) 12. {6JmbtJuLj ({.6Jrn6lJQJfJw), permanence. "@!6;2j~rfJGiJ ~611~ uitQ/rruJJC!98;UJfDrr~" (~.QJ.).13. fiillYJ8;r:!hW, custom, habit. 14 . .dPI~LD~, submission, obedience, humility. "ui)QJrrlil f!jl_{hffJIQa;rr6fr" (9L.Qf.) 15. ro6J6mfiUiJ~~6l.f. lowness of price. (W.).

u i) UJ ill = 1. CD tt tb.fl)J (yJ iii- 5a> U1 @1Jm,-QLrr® [!j tr L@jj G <!.F {iJ {l5J 6iJ uil~i!Jl ~GlJJ;rrnr!1), temorary planting of a cluster of saplings in mud. 2. g;@J~{l5J [9@«fj Qc!FLlI- G;)a;rrl1/- ~~~ (!JJ~66JILlr;;rr, slip, shoot, graft.

u rrsu IT 6Dm" IT

75

-"'_"--' ~~---.~-

3. @mtOUuurrUJ, a species of duckweed. "Qt!Fp51UJ<OWJu UiJUlfiJi)6mL G}HofTrfl61Tr§ Ga:rua>Gir" (@(J®. {!jfTL@U. 7).

u~UJLb - ui)8iW = "uiJa;w urf!8i®ffiJ ®lPGi/' (W~{D~5. 17). €)rflGJ87rr{ba;rirr : (derivatives)

ui)6l/a;rTlJ~ = Qu. 6lJfTlJI-8Jrn8ic9>a>rTfJrn, customer.

u$} - u~Lb. Qu. 1. ~y;; afiJlJe!9~.9)Jw ~!J)J,g;W46U, Bermuda grass ($J6lJfTJ 2. ui)QJ(fa; (u§JJr!itfiJ) @®!6~ 8iIT#'®ffiJ c!hrrQJ6U, watch. ( UJ rr!p ~ 8i J. 3. u iJ 6lJ IT 8i {DairfJQJ it rfI [t,tfJl ~ lLf tb WIT !!)l] 8ifT 'iVW, d isgui se ( UJ tt if>.<:::!!)j 8i.). 4. to 6M QJ (!!JW6lJ 6ID IJ u i) rru tr 8J tffi tb®w Q a;rr Ji(:!!>, crane, (UJrr~. ~a:,.) s. ®@ {h<OWJ(h~ tffJ6"ID~1J/ coolness. 6. FFfJW, dampness, moisture: (@6lJrr.) "wrrQQl6l)rTw u{!jw 46l)rt[f,~" (9;WUfJrT. ?:1_lLJfiJ. eyJGlJUilJ. 79). 7. {!j~Jrt water (@QJ{T). 8. @6YfIrt#g}UJrrrm a;w, toddy, "'LD$JYJUU~W u~mrrL Biy5JUtSI" (QUrT®ID. 111). 9. (l.D.J!lJ~6ifr) @af}mLD~· sweetness, gentleness. "QGlIr!iJ®® QlIJa=tT U{hwGuflJ QQJ@i}" (@(!!JQJfT6lJ6lJrT 38 : 40) 10. @~uw. joy, delight (@LrTJ

11. QJ~6"5)LD, @;@ (!:PrpjdJUJ~ $h<OWJ~~ !Q_~ufh{b@5Lb .!.Na;rr {h{iJ®w fiJ{DflJ tE?mru (u8i@j6lJW, QI.); proper consistency, required degree of hardness or softness, proper quality or fitness. "fi16iJu{l> G"l/mrrQ)Jw" (G)u®WUfT6"5DT. 64). 12. (G'JQ/!6~ !!L~u{l>{baBi{b£D) ac!FfT.!J)J (i1GlJrT.). 13 . .dJ/Glll~. a grain ofboiled rice ((!!;LJTJ.14. fQ_~GlJ cooked food (i1QJfT.). "UPiu5J®~.gu~ §JJtiJcJj{hfiV GfOlJ~TI_~_" (~6JJu. 28 : 189). 15. Qurr®w, thing, substance, wealth. ~.(]!Drr : an.~ = fQ_mT6lJ, G"lUrT®6Tr, (UJfTy>~a;.) 16. (u{hwrrffi) QLDtffi~w, softness. 17. @61TLDL/GiJ, tender grass (I.5JrtJ) 18.6J{bflJ CF6IDLDUJtb. fit occasion, opportunity, "grnru'fljrjj'7>fT QG1JuJ{l>ru" (@j{Dw. 991).19. c;,UrT@/!J/, time (t5JffiJ.) 20. (DrrySJm8l. Indian hour of24 minutes (~<iilJrr.). 21. ~®@, (suitability). 22. ~lP®' beauty, (W) 23. (:2J®!hfh) c:J)J~fiW)GlJ, measure (~r6J. ~8i.) 24. (~®tf,{!j) c!plLl{b~, effort (UJrr~. ~r$.). 25. (r$~iJu51~ ~@j[b{!j tffi6IDGlJllJrT6lff) an_rTGIDLD, sharpness, as of the edge of a knife; 8Jj,i) u~LDfTu5I®8;~{D.f!U. (~.QJJ 26. ({h®P>{h !EJmoviliCf>U1c$ airTL_(£lLh) .dI!615>LUJrrfiifTW, sign, symptom, indication (r!FriiJ. ~8i.).

U~®GCFti.JfDGiJ = (G;)Cf.('!Jj6MfDrrGUJ).l. UUJ6MU@WUlJl- Qa:tiJ~6iJ, to make a thing fit for use. 2. U#)uu@rjj/l)/{hGlJ, to temper. 3. QW!!;J6l1rT8i@j{l>6lJ, to soften, "®6'If)rr~.:!U rffJcfor9)Ju~r8 QCfUJJErt" (lil.fil. 2 : 66).

u {h!B~GlJ.ff)J ~GiJ = (Q <!F .@j~ p51 UJ Q)J.) 1. !EJ m6lJu5J 6l5fJ ~.!J)J [!j@@/{!j6V, to slip down, as from one's position, 2. @fJ6l116iJ (6)Jwstfl 66l@{hbV, to fall, as a meteor by night (W.).

'."-'_--"'-'-"-'_' ., ,,_ .. _-.,,_, _,---._.-- _._._._._ .. _.--_, ---~~ .. " --.----- .. _-.-.-~,- "" .. ~-- --~-.---

u~@flJlb = Qu. $Hmwe:t~6lJ (LDfTu5Jc!Fc!T{i!66)Gl)), a kind of black stone (UJrrifJ. ~~.J.

U:f!j~rt (LJrr~llJ- [f>rrL® 6lJYJeT,®), Qu. Q{h61fl6lJ (a~rr!p Qc!hrrriil@j J!j tt ,:., __ (J) @J .), u ~OT r§ CTIT!J)J ( Q ~ roN ~ 6?ir 6lJ .), ~ ch s. tt '7 ~ rt (CD tt ~81 ~

Il5 IT L (£l e» .) = 4 ~ u G U {D tt 'fh U IJI- 8i ""' Grf5T rr ill LJ Jd. r!T U U i': L (y)L_lfJ-U'il615J{!JeJ.;£iJUJ ~~u4J;a;6Yr; sweet toddy drawn in a pot lined with lime to prevent fermentation.

LJ{hLJU(f)J{hrolJ = ((;)8'. ~6irtDlUJ. ro6l.). 1. uC!9@JWGIDl_;:Jj6lJ (u~®rilIU u@;2)roiJ), to be seasoned. 2. u@#i~6bJ to ripen, 3. Fff}"WfTrJ!jG1J, to dampen, to moisten.

LJ{hUU(f}l:i;.{gJf!j6U : (G'Jc!F·®~flJrr.Q1}). 1. uUJ6Mu(EJLbu'-9- QCFtiJ1fjGiJ; to make a thing fit for use. 2. Fft;JwrrJi®'$J'=>v, to dampen, to moisten. 3. £il~J;®~6lJ, to reconcile.

u#Juurr(£J = Qu. 1. uC!!J~LJ)rrrrn8i (ur!i;®'illLDfTrnc!h) being seasoned" tempered, fitted, adapted or trained (W.) 2. U@ci;~8)/ ripening (W.) 3. wj;/jJll.!J)JuLJt component parts of a fortification including ornamental figures (OlriuJ

u1hw . U~fOtn = Qu. being fit for use.

u{lj6OfifJlrliviv, (QCF.®6Mp5}UJ 6'61.) u(!!J6lJ@65>Gl) ChLi>~ru; to become overripe, as fruits.

U{lj67iTyJJrDlJ = GlL.J. 1_/~c!i;(g8)@; over - ripeness; overboiled, decayed or rotten condition; debility (W.)

LJil>~(£11hGiJ = (Qc!T. ®~fDrr 6'6/) (g{hrr6iJ (!Pf!j66lUJ6lJtb~!D~ g!ruu@~ /lJl~6lJ; to tan; to temper, season, mollify (W.)

• •

u~~ - U~WLD.

U{h~W' = Qu. 1. ~(DJia;Lbt descending, falling down (UJrr!). ~Ch). 2. ~rrYJrnw, humility (a:ffiJ. ~8i.) 3. ~6lf)L.Dff;l, mildness, gentleness. uf!jrnwrr6~HilJ~ (ZL.QJ.) 4. (gCJjfTW a;~6ig «!j.!J)JJ;@j @j65)(J/ latitude of planets. s. t5}/DuGurrr;;tf)(J8;® (Qc!FWLD IJrrmci(!!!J, GlJ') ~fDfTW OTLLrrLD uGM~[TIiifuL_rrLb ~LriiJa;6Yr (CFffiJ.~Ch.),· sixth, eighth and twelfth houses form the ascendent.

u~6?fTul = Qu. 1. 9)(TULj8; 8i~rnw (u~iJfJW 6lJ.} care, caution, attention circumspection; "ULLrOnTW Ufh~W" (@'JITLD[DfT. l!LlLJ{ij.23) 2. i.ut gua;rruLJ. safety, security, protection; "U~(i7fT 8j6llCF~tblL~" (<§fT6lT6lIfT. &4$1, 19.).

U~6riTW - uthfiiMiTW = Qu. 1. l.Di)~(iiro{8LD6WL, mound or raised terrace of a fort, rampart (j).6lIrr.) "Q{!j@wj) oornlJu u{h~ /J.trJ/' (uiJ[b.Jl)Ju. 22 : 25).2. wi)wJ walls of a fort, fortification (W.).

·

urr GlUT 6mIT IT

77

U'flju,2 = Qu.1. @G1Jfh@tiJ uiJUJW 1l_g)luurrfiJiLJ UrTfhW, foot "6Tp5JLJ~tiJ {hrr~LriiJa;rrL_L" (LJ[!Jf!Jrr. 4). 2. Q~yj(LfofTl1I-' line of a stanza. 3. {!jrr65JQfiiI)rr~.!J)J, quarter (J5/rfu.). 4. (UfT r$JLD U@QJ1l)fTGU ~JiJLJ®Lb) ~if/I way, road, path (i)QJfT.). S. (uil!6flJ ~riiJ®t1J) @LW. place, site, location. "u~rfil8i (gG1T@W" (~J,a;UJrrc!J)u. 147). 6. uil~§)I ~rliJ®w co3@ (g,_jrrw{D 8jL/_rIDCJ;r;;ff,' (astroJ.) compartments drawn on a chart for determining the site for building a house (W.). 7. u~(ilJrruSl@dJgJ QCFulLlw ~§WQJtb U1Jj6l1l ~fiiJQ)J!J QJrr@w u~6l1I post, position, station, rank. "L5JrfJ6l1l6iJ Q~fTGlJU-;1)Ih .f(JI£f)rb.:f9/" (aJwuf}"rr. ~GlUfTdi. ®®6lJI.!J-(:i!!;L(f)i.101). 8. aurfJrm-uu UrjjGfiJ; state of future bliss. "UJQJU~ w61ft{iJ{lj QCT6lJ6lJGW" (itC!!><iil/(fCF. 37 : 3). 9. {ljf}W1 status, capacity. '/oQumrliJ-C!!>fij {hwu;tJw Qa;rr@8;(:!jL.b" (Lj{D[!jrr. 151). 10. @Jrf]~~. (thfJrilJ8ifTL(£1LiJ) QJfflGIDCF1 row, order, series (tSIffiJ.) 11. QUrT~~~ ~'7WfT6?fT ~61f}, brilliance, brightness "Qurr{burjju Qurr.{!ll" ((]a;rruSlrbLf· ChrruL/).

u{hw - U~6'lJ - U~6))W = Qu. ~~~:f!J G6l.Ie[!J6M.J!)JW ~'!w@j Bermuda grass. "QU(!!;WU{hQJU LJ~LDrrti>j;l" ($66)~. 109.).

u~Lb - u;1)@/ - u~6'6I.

U{ljrutl = Qu. 1. @(()If)6l), station, situation, position, rank. 2. 6l1if/, way, path, road. (i/rOiJ. @UJtb. 2 : 89, ~®t.b.). 3. sBlmr~blJ8)w, worlds of the gods, lower states of bliss "U1b~615lUJ G1UJQJrT8i®w £ljGlJ@5W UrOlWGmQJ6ifr" (r$wu[JfT. ~L._UJt5~rr bllrr~QJ. 136). 4. 6l1L@6UI.hW1 final states of bliss (t5JriiJ).

U{ljroJ2 = Qu. u~th{lJ {Cfr6IDLDlLIm6lTbllW, person of real humility; "u{broEllLJrnuu urr~UJrTr;;rsT ar;rriJfJ)/' (W6iJ· @UJtb. 2 : 89).

u~6lJ - U;1)6l1}f!JJ - u~roBIr!JT = Qu. c::!PI6mWil; mildness, humbleness. ~. a!b tr : !b!J)J ro£/ ffJl - {D.!J)JroBJ 8i .

U{!jroJUJ/[)J = Qu. 1. QW6lJroJUJ!!Jl, that which is soft or smooth (W.) 2. d!JI~LDWUJrr6M~, that which is mild or gentle (W.).

Ufh6"SlUJr;;1sr = Qu. cff)/615lLDi)UJrT~fiill~; man of mild, amiable disposition (W.). 2. ~G7f)LD@UJrrru§JJ, that which is mild or gentle (W.).

ufh6lf = Qu. 1. ~.f!)J®, bermuda grass hU{hG1j GwUJ ru®tiJ~ LD~rOlJ {DrOmL !D6iJrurT~" (d!)./CJ;{fIfT. 74). 2. 4roU, grass. "U;1J6lJ r$rrrurfil8)6Yf!~ (gLlJuJiJj[;Jw" (QurfJUJ4~6ffiGL_. 26). 3. LJ{iJaiL(£I, bundle of grass (lLJrrtjJLI_), 4. 46irr~LD (Lfruro6lm tffi~6U~LD) insignificancy, srna! lness, triviality, "UfJj65!UJ LDffi)tha(J~W" (r$WUI7fT. 8i~~fJ !EJIBfJj6ID()6T. 71). 5. ~~LDi), mildness, gentleness (UJrry;uJ.

78

UfJjG'81 - U{lj6IDfo)j = GJL/. t@jy5J (W6lJrT.J,· (way, path) "(Jj~fii6OT lbJ61f>!p!Bfh 6111:J U {!j6O) 6))" ([j)r;r @j. W 8i(~GEJ. 205).

LlfJjUJ ., t.ut ~Lb = Qu. 1. rffJrovrj3fi;J[b uj)UJW a;rr6l5Jr.;1rr c:!PILfJ-U U@j@; foot, as a person or animal. ''-UrT fh5, ,g;nLJtSlr06TGYr (W)u!il;'''~rTLf1--'' (m6Uu. 74 : 2 3). 2. G6l GfT #'®#J ;2)rdN ilJ--6fiT c?)/ a;~ jJ)J @jLl_LDIT GriT ~I UJ--- LJ LJ ®@' broad base of lamp - stand. 3. ~l1I-# r!Ir@J(£1; foot-print. 4. ClirTfiVL9--UJIiitTCiilj, footmeasure. 5. QUlfl(]UJrTfr cYJw~rnblJ presence of a great person. H s {lirT m 611 a ~6l1 LD(Jj,T fJ tt UJ fr U IT ~~$JG GlJ GSJ rOi5r Iiim L~J LJ (!JJLD Q a-liJ ff)/' (S.I,I.i, 70).

~rflUJ [j)GU8;$}UJ;93 Q{lJfTL_rTUfT6iJ, UrT fhW GT.~W1~ Q~rr{b®8; a;rr6V 6T W jJ}J W ~ '4- et ru jJ)J tb {li@j[DfT (ill Q u rr ® rill- ai 6rr riiJ {b U L@Gir ill ~. tOT ([;Ii> ff» 8i s.n L__@ GlJ (!!J LD tt !)J.

t.ut {litO = Qu. 1. roWroril67f{uQurr{!5la;m ({lJ(!!jGLD{ii@rflUJW) BJJ6~W1G1r tf)~ {lJlT g, UJ s.n 6iJ. 2. U LtD (!JJ{li6l5l UJ6lJ tb [!fI GiG1 fljrT riiJ@jairrriiV; ] e g, s U pport, as of an artie le of furniture. (W.). 3. Qc!TuJlL/W1SJ--' (Pros.) un it of metrical measure; line of stanza "QJ{TrfiJr!h(_!!JW t.ut fh{1jrr~®w 6ll®~{b GlIfT~w8:J" (aiwuCJrr. UfT6lJ. [f>rrL_@u. 1.) 4. LDrn6lJ LDfJW (!JJ#3r;;6)UJ 'ill{b[6J~T ~Uf-u5JL__W; base, as of a mountain, a tree (W.). 5. a>rr{iJuriil@j quarter (®>Lf1). "QjJr;;M6(f)6MU I1L~~6M UfT{!jrk/ @j6lf>fDa.gu" (Gw@W{b. 1172). 6. 6l1L_L~j;J6isT c!hfT[buriil®; quadrant of a circle. 7. Q@JwGYf}cJ;8irr<OiJ ([JjL._r!f~j;JfJ UfT ;9jw); a fourth part of a duration of a naksatra. 8. Q~/Trillir(j)JJ 6lJy5Jurr(£l, ~8jW, f}iJ 6T6M~Lb {DfT6M0!J UJ611,fIWlU G'lffJ[15l t sritunnsn ;{liw, !iJrf}UJfTurr fbw, GUJrT 8)lJfT fhw, @f1fDWurT;9JW 6TWflJ !fJfT~® 6l5)r!F@J c!TWUJ ustttr 8lc!hw) - Qa:. u. s: 8>. {lj. ~. (Madras U niversity Tamil lexicon).

UfTfljr91 8ifTuLj = Qu. 1. QCTC!!JUL/, slippers, sandals, clogs (W.). 2. WC!!JGl1~U LJfT :f[)Jc!hf7 6lJ6i>,. protection at the feet of a great person. "UfTf!j8J aifTuUJGMrirr 6mLJ~Q~fTlS/- UJrr8i~w" (§]GlJu. 14 : 23).

u rr {lj rfi> @jfD(£i = Q u. <'!!juS) &pQ (Jj rr mr L su': 6l5) t.: uS! $I UJ LfI--,· knobbed wooden sandals.

urr{!j 8lL8)W (UfT;1j8; c!JiL_a;w) = Qu. UfTL8lW, anklet (®Lrr.).

u tt ~ a; tt ~ JJ 6l» r!J) (u rr 'flJ 8> CJ)rr GmJf1 a-, rn r!J)) = Q u. 1. ® (!!j 8i Q 8i tt GlJ) L,' present to a spritual teacher laid at his feet. 2. !iJ6lJ ~rt 8)GYf/6iJ LfmGr!FuJ rf! rov ffiI a; ~ a-, $ tt s; J; ® iii- r!Jj fiifT tt 6iJ ®.!J)J ffiJ fit) w rdrr 65T ® c9i ® 8:

QCFiJU#i{ljuu@l1J ~(!!jQl67fl8) fiillrfl,. a money payment made in certain villages by ryots of dry lands to their landlords.

urr f!j5 streeuu = Gu.s. ~lJI-tffJ!p6iJ; human shadow.

·

U IT 6lJ IT 6O"OT IT

79

--------------,------ .. ------- ..

UfT~ CF8>a;I)W (UfTfhcFa:a;a;r:rW) = Qu. UfT{h1iJi)GiJ Q}C!!>w f;®GlJ6m8lU 4~'· a kind of festering sore in the foot.

UfT rfh CFrr6U8)W u.nr fJ#~fT6lJa;L1J) = GLJ. a;fT6lJ~ GlJ£ri>8l; a foot ornament. "UfJff>tD G(8)@6UILJr!iJ Galrr#ifh UfTf!jCFfTrotJCb(yJW" (e;LDLJfJfT, ~GUJrr 1>. CZc!hrTruriil. 12).

U tt ;1Jc!F tt 6V81 W - U tt tfj a: IT 6lJ W tu tt {h 8: CF tt 6V w) = Q i.t. 8)fT 6V~rJ) 6lJ (£)6) 8) "t.ut ~ CF{nooi>{h QUJ~ 8)rTGlJ" (@!J®. [fJrrL@u. 48).

UfT t7J {hfTWfiOf;T (t.ut {h~ {l>rrLD~r:r) = QU.~®GlJlSJ-{iJ {hfTLD61f)fJ; lotus - like feet.

U tr fIj g 6l) c!F (u rr rjh U g G6) s ) = Q u. @j(!!j (!jJ {lj fii61(] U,J tt rfl ~ $I (!!j fiilJ L9- 8itiXf>wJi 8)@rilll LD6VrfJL_@ (@)lIi'u@{)ID8); worshipping the feet of a religious preceptor or revered person by washing and adorning them with flowers.

urrflj.!§IT6lf1 (UfT {h~§lT6Jfl) Qu. QUrfJ(glUfTrT ~ll1-uQUfTLJt- dust of the feet of great persons '\iJ{iJ.:f!»6lJfTrT8l@!jfj)ciJ&:!UJ UfT{!jgvr6lf! u(j)J{lj~rr6lJ" (i)GiJ. QUrfJlUfT~. 4 : 4-6).

u fT ~ W UJ 8i® = Q u. 1. ~ lJ1- WlU B>@j; ~lSJ- C!:P tiXf> CD LD fT {b {D J; r!fn._llJ-lLl G"'~tiJU-Jr;irr; stanza whose lines are capable of transposition. 2. G6lJjJJJ

Lf 6V 6lJ fr U tt lSJ- UJ e!:P 6lJ l1J- r!J) a 6TT tt @ {f; tt ~ <gy r;r Ill- u tt UJ- C!:P lSI- 8i ® tb u5l~{DuufT ru~8); a kind of artificial stanza of four lines the first three of which are taken from works of other poets whi Ie the last is composed by the author. uuttt's. ro6J. 96. Uch. 504).

UfT ~ c!p~5)V6lfj = Qu. ~81rf]UJroi5T W@fOl1lS!-8: r!JiQ1(£1; imprint of a guru's feet (W.).

UfT {h e!jlQ)w = Qu. 1. ®/51a;rrGiJ heel, (UJrr~. ~a;.) 2. d/@ Gu{b¢J{b@j8J s.t) ~ UJ LDfT fii?fT ffJJ W (8j tt CT esst u: IT W .§)I W ) ~ tiXf> Lei, CF, (it) LD IT 8) J:, r!Jj (!!j {!J U U@QJ$lJlLDfTfiWT i)(!!;6lJllI-,' feet of a deity or saint considered as the source of b lis san dare f u g e . " tf;J Gl5'HiM lL/ WI 6irr tJ] ~ llJ- {I> tt {f; 6'5T 6lJ ffiJ liJ ill rT urr~r:yJ6lJt1/' (firual. 511).

urr{h G6lIlJI-UL/ = Qu. t5J{iJrtli QruUJ-.uLf,· fissure-foot.

urrr$LD - UfTfi5){!j = Gu. 1. ~tb~flJlUlJf- 6lJlIi',' foot-path. beaten track. 2. @JlIi', way, path, road (t5JrliJ). 3. (!p6ID[D way, method, mode, manner.

ui) - G1Ji), GCF. @jW{l57LU ~.

6lJff;J&JG[lJ~ (@.aJrr). QJWJ6G;1j1OM (@.aJrr.) 6lJ~GGlJ~ (6T.r!J,(f)

QJ@ - tlJa, = (Qr!F. @jw{l51UJ 651.) 1. ~rliJ(r!j~6lJ, ®LlJ-uSl(!!j~~rolJ, to stay, to dwell, abide; to sojourn. "QJi)LD~ 6lIwuGUrT G1J(TUJ651tP~ {ljroFrTmrrrt" (urf/urr. 10 : 20). 2. :!!Jlu5l~fhtOiJ, to sleep. "c:?iJ,{b[DfT fOlf6f}m6NUJ!D61r fiilJ@~~8ia;rrru" (8iroJ~. 126).

--,. ---_._- -_ .. _._ ... _-- ._ .... -_._ .. _ ..... _ .... _ .. _--"""".- .. " ...... ",,--_. __ ._._-- ---.----.-- .... ~-.------------ -----._--_.-

QJi) = Qu. 1. roWrOlJriil® u!D66)Q] (Y):1i6l5lUJOlfT {ljriit((!jlDlL_W; lair, nest. HlIJrT6)J@ GCfer" (8lr£ldJ. 119).2. 8)rT6U ui)lLJ~ GCT.!J)J, mire. "Q!Frfila;UJ6U @)j;!dJ®i' G)aJfT@!>lfl 4'i;~HiV/f)/' ((];;h61JrT. 413 : 7)/ (L_1JriiJ)

Bin.L.@5 Qlfrr6U (compound words)

ufj)umL. = (;)Ll. 11J~flJ[iJ:ZJ tf;Jtb(~r§ Ga:'rm61T. army lying in ambush

(W.).

Uj;JLJ@L_. - Ufj)UUfiI>L_. "QurfJUJ $J(!!j6lJlSJ_6mllJU u~uumLUJfT s. 66)@J#JflJJ QlJf,JIj/' ($IGiJ. ~®QlJj@{b· 23, 6l1JUJfT. ua" 213).

u5) u5}~&8J = Qu. (WL...-~<06)#Jth fbj61J8J®w) ~G75)/__~_"L'Jl_jt1)," broom, as cleaning a place. (6m>b6lJQJ. 61f)~rolJ.

ufj)UJ9 1F(f!J&o;QDfJ = Qu. ?)L@LD u~cjiw~61rGtT (J"(!!)'g,a;(i6)(J/ molasses in a vi scous condition ([!jrT@jJ.

ufijJUJTfl = QLJ. [JJfT{bg)). saplings for transplanting. (cJJI8;.{hI), ui)QIL1@ - ~QJ = (Q<J'. (:!!jwp5}UJ. roBl.) 6lJ61J6m5 (lUfT {b6iJ; to flee from home or town from fear of the king or a hostile army.

u5)Qu.J!J>fOl/JI LJ5)G;)UJ@6lJ = QIJ, QJ~6"IDr!F GUfT61»8); flight from home or town from fear of the king or a hostile army. "ui)G 'Ij! wpSJUJfTU U ~ rill ® u:/-_" t u: GW> su U (i)J. 479 J. "l_j @ Q UJ (!!) @1p5J ILl rr l~1 u!j! rlil ® l!/-. " (m6VU, 1 : 15).

Ufr)QJfTfjJTfr, (;)LJ. 1. d(j6l./6mW, f?UU~{ljw/ 5LLi:JLLW (YJtjjro6JUJ 61Jtb~[!JL'1 lJ@fiilj QCFuJlljW ~IJ'8?JlU~-V ~~@JGlJrT. Registrar of titledeeds, contracts, rules and regulations of corporations etc. (wa,airr4ill 6lJ!jJ8l«!». 2. uGiJCJ)~@)#,a;!j)8) d!)/iJ2/6l./@)a;di ~61f)6V6l1rT; Registrar of a University (@.IiilJJ.

Ui)~L_Ln = Qu. ~6YfIthi)®r!i;«5uSJL_W,· hiding place, ambush, UiJ~6JT8;@ = G,)u. auaUJrTL_@~{b9)rTa; (r!!jL~j;J~ GLD[b uj;lUJm6lJiJ{h 6"SlGYT ci®,'lamp fixed on a pot while exorcizing devils (W.).

u i1 roll K 8 tr i.J U tt (jj) = Q u. gJ_ ~ 111-# ,g: tt rn rovu1l6iJ w tt ~r!i; 8irOrJrf J:, c(hrT 8l fiiJ[iJun@ Qa:tiJ.{!J .f!J_~~Lb iL6"06T6lj," regular boarding at a hotel or mess on monthly account.

1__1fi)C!fill@ = Qu. CJ)fii?flfT cf,®U u$JlLJw Qurr ii{lJ8lW; register, accountbook, ledger.

lDIJ46lJ!P8:.@) (Idioms)

ufi)C:urr(j)' - :?J6U = (GCT. (:!!Jrffi[DrT 6"51) 1. [IJrr{iJ$)l [b@{lJ6V, to transplant. 2, utb/UJw aUfT(J;J~roiJ; to plant, as slips; to insert, as grafts.

ui)C:UfT(j;)2 - ~Q, = (QQ. ®~[Drr 6l1J.J U.1!Jriu@j{h6U, to crouch. 4fii6) u~ (]UfT@~fD.:{fJl. (1L. QJ.).

·

u rr61...HT 6m" rr

8]

_- .. -------.- .... --- .•. ---.-.-,,-." .•.... -~-

-_._.-.,_. -.- _- -.~, ---_-- .. -,,--~ .. --,_.-.---.-. - .,,_----_._----_._. __ .-

ufjJ6llJ(!!J - {h{!jQJ = (Q~. (;!!><Dlrr{lJ'T 6fJ) fftstfl$W®1h~6V; to lie in wait, as a thief or an enemy; to lurk, as a beast ready to spring.

U5)fll/06lru - ~:fJQ> = (~CF. @6M{Drr rom.) 7. ClirOm 8i!iJtb ui)fh~iJ; to enter in an account. 2. fiilJrTUj-(:i;6mCli 6Q)GlJiJ~6iJ; to become customer of a shop.

ufi)fi6>QI - i1{!jiiJ = (Gkr. @jtDfsTCOfT Gfj}.) LJ5flClurr(£J2 6TrffiU~~U i.nrtt ff,rfh.

15l!D 6U)6lJ>6lJT (Causal Verb) - 15 ~t.b 4mLQuUJrre:bI.

u@cifiJG[Dw (ff).s,rr), Ufj)d>G;9)ro?Jl (@.Clirr.), ufBLIGUrn- (ers.n.).

ui) - ~tfjQj = (Q<r. ®~iT[DfT 6W) I. c!JI@1hg;J;1j6lJ, to imprint, impress, stamp, engrave, as in mind; to plunge. "udYtblJJ (If,L~L_ U~:!h1h ufJr§Gr!Frr~" (iI®GlJrra-. 11 : 72). 2. LD~ (IjJrjlj66JUJrOOT @G1DYJfh#JGiJ; to infix, insert, ingrant, inlay, as gems; to enchase. 3. Ch{bUfTG1J~6iJ: to pave, as floor with bricks or stones. 4. #JrrfP#i~{h6V, to lower height, price, etc: to set lower, insert deeper. 5. ui)UJw Gurr(f;lf!iru; to plant a custer of saplings temporarily in mud; to plant a shoot, runner or creeper. 6. cJ)I#&:i(6J{hGlJ, to print, reprint, edit. 7. 6T@/lJl~@J to inter in a register. 8. ~$Ja;rrr;rr!u Qa;rr@#J{h6iJ; to invest with power, authority or prerogati ve (W.).

QfljrrWl!i> QUUJir (Verbal noun). u i) rjJ{lJGlJ, u 5) 8i67J'Jr!li, U iJJ lJ LJ .

Q~fTLPl6\)IT® QUWrT (metonymical verbal noun) u/ilL1LJ = Qu, edition.

8in.L(!)tS Qs=rr6\) (compound words)

u6) U1{hi)vw = Qu. C8ifT4fJU Uli/-6?5lW; images adorning a temple tower. (G8lrru5JQ6Urr. 122).

LJfj)uL1OJW = Qu. 7. c!)j#,g:,g;w, printing press. 2. Q6lJGYfluJL_L~_!hI_n, publishing house.

ufj)uurrlilillU1tT = Qu. editor.

L.15}uurrwtT = Llfj)uurrffJrflUJrT.

LDIJ46'lJWB;® (Idiom)

u5)~Q{lj@~-{!j.u = Ger. ®~£Drr roSI. 7. ~@#J~ GJl1J@~{hGiJ; to write forming a deep impression. 2. (]wGtOV ~LW 6l1JL_@8i ~ay! QUJ@./f)1f!iGlJ; to write in the lower half of a page leaving space at the top.

e!P6\)Qpt.O jrfl6l.JLD (origin and derivation) UGTf - u(£i - ulS/- - ui). UGlr - UGlTGffW.

u (EJ;fbGiJ = {hrr y;; QjJ@;fbGiJ, roBJ@#J6iJ, Q {lifT@{l;6lJ, u j) ~GiJ.

82

u @ ~ ~ 6iJ = u 6tr Gff IJ) tr ~ 6iJ, f!j rt ~ rf!i ru , 66!@{h6iJ, u ([;J 8; (i)Ij) 8i UJ tt til 8; ~L~~6U, ui)f!)ru, U5J161f G;)a:UJf!j6lJ.

UUJ-r$J6U = rJjrr[p~~ru, g!PUU®~6U, uCoom~GiJ! LJ~f!jGU, ufiJ~6lJ = ~!J! @!DffilCr![){b6V, GJurr[15Jdi{b6U! uilGlJ QtiJ{h6U. j}m6 QlffT6\) (cognates and allied words)

1. ~rr6lSlLt.D

LDQJ)QJlUrrWW - uff;l, uj;JGl/'

Ui)8lCh, to impress. uj;}UJai, to be impressed, be pressed down. ui) .. being fixed in, pressed down. ufiJ6lJ, settlement, custorn.

u~w, softness, elasticity, yielding temper. U;{bUJ, U:XJLD. pliancy. u{ljttww, rottenness of rice through damp, softness of mind. Uf[)J8;Si, to be soft, tender, pliable. uJ!JlULJ, softness. U,gpU/J)8iCh/ to soften. u{ljw, the right degree of ripeness, temperature, etc.

Q~.B»diJ(t!) - uthW, u.t!JlWJ, moisture, dampness, wetness; ripeness maturity, temper.

OiWQJrI __ W - U{h, proper or good state or condition, proper degree or temperature, the seasoning of any food, the right degree of a ripeness, keeness of edge or sharpness ~{lj, proper condition .

.{!jI~QJW - u{lJWJ~, u~~coMJ, to become soft.

@jL&W - Urfh soft.

C:&rr /h{lJw - LJ;i>i.b, temper of iron.

W{1QJiJ{lJW - QLJ~Q8), to be soft. L1GfljrT, sharp. ft!jb8 - QuQ;:D. soft and damp.

I5Ji;rrr@fi8 - L/a~rtor, cold, cool. yfh, coldness, frost.

2. ~rrlwtb

u1lJ6"MW - @J. (Skt.) U~601. u~roBI - 6lJ, (Skt.) u{lJca3.

u'fbw - urr tbw - eu. (Skt.) urffj, urr~. Gk, pod. L. ped, pedis, 0 E, OS fot, OHG. fuoz, ON. fotr, Goth, fotus, E. foot.

urr6m{lJ - OE. poeth. OLG. pad, 01-10. pfad, E.path.

r!f u: {b@®th{hi){iJ U tt 6m {h et ~ W Lb Q a- tt GiJ @6V6lJrrthf!)J ChQJ 6'6f} 8; a;{h th9;r!hi!», U{h 6T~WW Qr!frT~Gru c?)Ifi/rb LJfT6'ri>{h~UJdJ ®p578i@jw.

ped 6TGW@lw @6lJ~$~ Qr!frrGiJ6l5JomGOTG{D, pedal, pedate, pedestal, ped un c Ie 6T ~ Wi w Q r!f tr [iJ r!h61r ~ rfj rj,~6Yf(iirr ro?fT.

·

UIT6lJrr~rr

83

QJ@ - QJ81 - 6)1, (Skt.) ru6Yv, @GiJ 6lJLQa:rrruG6lJ ~ffiJ87J~/ifJroiJ was 6T ffi Wi W @ {lJ ~ ~ c!J) tt ru ~ .fbi r5$) (QW ro6l ~ 6M 9 G) CT fT GiJ su IT 81 ~ ~ rfI rB ff;l 6lJ tjJriil ®liJ rm fD.tbJ,

"was.' - The OE. weson, to be, is cognate with Goth, wisan; ON. vera. to be, abide; Skt. vas. to dwell." (P.266)

"were = OE. woreon, where is -e- for original s." (P. 267).

grDirr jJ)J @rf1#<FfTrt@ unt tit s: (Richard Morris) ;!bw '~ffiJBJQ)d GlO:fTrbtD1rR4 6lJt;JQ)"tbJ!)lO: lFL_L&W' (Historical Outlines of English Accidence) 6Tc05rWLD .JYT66J~ 6lI~(J a~®~1hGiJ 8jfT~ Ch, @ru 611JfDIhth 8)!T GV{!J :f!JJ r5ID ~ 6'5l67Jl 6M # Q 8" IT 6iJ LDL_@uS} ffi {6l, is, are 6T rn- W1 t.b 0J <hlP s.n 6lJ~ /!Jl6l5)~ Gfi/615)ffi # G'J!J fT tb r!h@!;W ~ @®' 6T m W t1J thuS] !priQ ~ fT GiJ ®rfJGu.

ffJ u5l !P i> {!j 8) fJ W QJ L G'J LD tr y)I u5J ru 67lJ 8i (J W tt s. ~ i) rfI QJ rQ5) {h LD rt ffi) 6T GisT ~ W Q ~ IT 6lJ 6lJ tr iW t.b g;!_(ii()~T fr 8) . LD ~ - ill tt ~ ill - LD tr 6YV ( @j .J - LDrT6iv(W)'

tfl!DULJ8; (!>¢lU4

U rjj, U tt {lj rOT rorrr Wi LD Q.g: tt rb 81 rtrr f@j L Q LD rr ySl uS! Go QJ y) riiJ (~6l1 #J rr GlJ , rJjuSJ!i>u LJ VitJfiill fr u run- ~QJ tD6'61 {D 6)) L Q <IF tt QjG16lJ 6"ffrG {D LDUJ r!iJ &:! ~ if/-- 6T m WI w Q e: rr 6iJ 6"m su U U it rJj W rOT 6M WI t.b Q u tt ('9 6YflGiJ ~ ~T (J;J QJ (!!j $I rn {D 65T fr. ~ liI- G 6l.J .f!)1 " u rr ~ ill G 6lJ J!Jl. ~ ~ 6T W V ~ fj) (!!j Q u rr ® ~ roM ~ L!J- U U ® ifJ m UJ ILl W cgj) rT m_. t6l rfI u5J 6ifT 8j tt 61f) Q) lLf LD u tt {lj.j) 61f) ~ lLf W ® {l5IBi ® t..b Q U tr .:f!J/ cF Q Cf tt 6iJ. 6T -@ : ~ LlJ- dJ {h L_ (J;J , wu5J6lJlS/-1 @®6lJli1-, ~~ u®i) QtuWU~ ~Y> @L-dJ~~lLJt.b i,Y;L-J QurrC!!JraJ~UJr6J ~pSla,®w. 6T-@ : uIi>{h6lJllI--, Gt[JIJ'llJ.-, U'Jp5)UJ @(!!)6lJL9- Q u rf) UJ iJ (!!jQl LfI-. W(J 6lJiiJ- ~f(iiiff u tb1 8)fT GiJG U IT 6N {O dPI LfJ-WfJ W. u tt ~w 6T ffi vG fhrT Ifjl(ilJfhi} jJ u ifJ lLJ W U (J 1> #J ~ llI-lLJ g)J U 61f) uG UJ tt dP/6lJfiV gu u®i)6mUJGUJrr @!6J8i®w g;}[!JULJ# GlCFfTGU. 6T-@ : UITthth {lJfTLDfiiIDfJ, u tr fh LD 66) @j ~ {!J 6"6l GlT 9, (j!!j . ~J, 8l a @j , u i) {lJ GiJ GT ~iT u m tli a 6lJ IT U

I; QUfTC!!;6'fTfT a; a, QaJrrmrL UfljW, urr 1bW 6T~WW @C!!J Q~rrtbr!Jj@!Jw fb/T UJ Q ~ 6ifr Q Cf rT6iJC:6lJQ UJrn Jl)J L.b, ~ 6mfiilJ c!:prn{!J G UJ U~, U IT ~ et 6?fT 6ll[_Qwrr!flt6lGiJ @rfJILfw 6TroMJDlW ~!6l8l, @rmi, UfTf!jW u@6lJ~rr6iJ 6J{iJu@w QJy)I~UJ4 @j[l5'l4@jW urr6m~ QUJW~L.b Qa:rr6lJ, ~ffiJ~~#J !hJru (path ersst) @®UU6mffhtLfW GllLQwrrySlu5Jru @6N~LD~UJlLfw, Gf9rT 8J@jc!h.

6ll6W ( fiilJ~) I 6T <Ol5rW t.b ~ wtbfil (J!jr$J i6l6O>W # Q CF tt {b@w . .d)J ~~ i) rfI fiil1 tt 6M 'was' 6Trn~w d!lJ,ffilY:l61.) @pJJ6f!j 8jn'~ G6!6mfill #G)CffT{iJ®W, 6lJiJ 6T m ~ L1J ;[h u5J y> cF GL!F tt GiJ &J su W rr u5J ® u u ~ ~ Iiior jJ)J , {lJ u5l y)I roM Q ~fT W 61f) LD 6lf) UJ ILJ W C!J>tDfu (ill Wf5mUJ lLJ W c!)/ pSJ 8>,

84

j®P31l>tD

U{hW, UfT#jW, U{[,@J, LJ~@TW ur6iiTwLb Q~~Q<Frr{ba;6'Ifl6G7 j;frf!f@JrTfiill U{b, UrT;{lj, U~GI!I UflJ~ 6TW~W 6lJL Q9fT{iJa;6"6l6lT, ~~rb!DI~ e!jJruWfTGM Q1!J~Q~fTtb<!hL(8) e!P~Qww# Qc!F~~~ UJr!J'fJ (yJ{hv£! u5l dJ @j{!5JiJw ®u U .{f)l, eYJ5V f@)@ firm d!JI {!5J!h.

U,(Bffit.b

ui)a;w - ljr;r~8)

U6lJ - U!lJl - U~/lJl. UgJ - uj;l8JW = 1. ~® QUf7([!J6Yru{b{l5J QJ(!!jLD 'fj(Jer 6l1~8JU u~§JJ# Q<FUJlLJ6Tr·

2. uiJ,gp ~6i'JQ)..{!J uiJQ~rr (!!J ®p5'JU6mU& 80...£1)J LiJ fi) {DuLl u urruSJfJ Ln. dfh lElfI(]lLJlTdr QUlli<:(T 61JJfl(Jw 6TW61J6V

@/Ttf;QUllJrf ILJffUC:U IPIlbafllLJ QUIT@ am

(;tfELC:UITff UIli(J6IfTff LfftiJ6T6iIr QUIT@®W

6lJffwuuci t!hffLL.6iJ uffu5J(T1b JillLJ6iJC:u. (!D~. 47)

r$ff 6Vriu c$ 61TCJ6IfT <!»ff(T 666TW 6T 6irtffJw

l!jJ6lJ 6b)a; C:tLJtfJpf/ QL1Jffy)lj9(!!jW e. 67T(]!J. (Q.q 48) . (QJ.6lJ: 199).

Q~rr6i>8)rruL5JUJt.h) !9~wn6iJ, UJ'iUUUWaifT(Jw, LD~aUJr!J)61f)6lJ Q:P1!JfOl5'IUJ6lJd;p5'Jw U! fDuyuurruSlt;T ib, Q u@wurriJJl W @w(y)~{DmUJ~ ~@6l1J ~mLD{h1!J~6lJaUJ.

LDfT.6l1J.~ U[f~ - ~8j tOT6MUfhW ~rf}Qum.!J)J UfJ~8i 6Tw~f§ Q dF tt 6iJ ~ fit) 8; 8) tt L_ lSJ-, G {D fT r!i; !iJ UJ /JlI. c: !D tt d; ® ' a {D tr tb {D Lb , (!.p 8) tlJ , C!:PrD U@ii), GJ elF ti.J UJ 6YfJ ~ (!jJtbu @iii (yJ~ {b Q ~ rr rill er ru jJ)I u rue: GlJ jJ)J Gw{bGc!JlrTGYr8i6m6TT @LrTUUL@U Qurr®~@J <J6lJ.f!)JULL_ CJj(!!j#3..:!U8;8)mw::t Q~rr LIT 4 u@j,@u5J(!9UUIlP' dPl1D6ir Q~UJ{iJ67J)8)~ 1l>6ir~LD<iilDll1~ Q{hrotfl6lJrT a;u LfQ)UU@~/lJ/qJW!Dgv. (<OlJ.6lJ: 199 -200).

uJi;JB

•

U8J8iW, urrdhw ()fW~t.b @(l6"W-@W u® 6'T~Wt.b ~(][T (lJJ~~6"5HiU u5J ~ v;M.1!)J a ~ tt cOb7 p5'J u5J ® 8; 8i Glf W, QI L fiill!t ~ 6lJ {iJ.fI)J rorr (!:P w ~ 6"ID ~ ~rfJUJ @UJ6UY Ql6lJQrurT6l5Ju ua;lJ~iJ~w (p), t5Jw6M61»;1J8; aimmuG;]urrroJu U8it;f~iJ~.Lb (bh), Q1l>rrLr!iJ!iJu5I®8;~6irr!Dwlr. ~{hrb(]a;tbu, U8;8iW 6T~u~£b®u u~ rorm-Ucli(j){ljILft.D, U8iQ/<05r, urfil®, t.ut a;Lh 6T6irrUGlJ{bp5'Jtb®u u~ (bhaj) 6TWU65>;1JlLJW, e}jJ~WfT 8ic!T, Q 9i tt roW '-9-- ® 8; ~ ~ {lJ fi)M rt. @ffi.t ffiJ ~ W fj} (!!j fYJ 6lJ # Q.g: tt tb a; 6"6) 6lT a UJ QGlJ6iJ(] 611 jJ)J f!P(il)iij;lrm 6lJ tr 8ic$ 8ifT L(];JQJ gu 6ll L6lJ rt 6lJ y>JiCliW.

u ~ et 6irr u:f!J u 8; (f!j 6T roir U ;!D6ifT j;I rf) LJ· rjj IT :f!J U tt L et Gil" ~ L.b 1DfT GlJ ~1l>tb®u urDlJ)1, G;)8)fTroir, 6T@ <OTwC3{D QUfT(!!jw Bn.g)Jw. ~u5I6fu,

.

UIT6lJfT6mIT

85

6l1J 6iJa: ~ ~c!JifJ (JjJ~6'6J u a;8iW (LJ lfrdIt) 6T ~WJ t1J Q<!F tt tbC:~tbU U u a-, r!hc§ <Frrrt~GiJ (iTGiT.f!)J G)UfT®~GIDr;r 4rg,w. (6'lJ.6lJ,)

U8;8JW ~m-W1t.b Qc!F{1Jb®~ tjjWJ~~w, u®i't, 8nJJ)l, JVI{bu(:!Ji), JWTGUJ 4[Dw (side), 6]"L@U Lf{Dw (page), cff)f®@!J, dPIrommw, @LW, 6'3(£1, {ljrr(J)Jl G51rofTuL/tDw, iJ!D@j. @!D@j, ~wtSJ!D®' <mai, mCliUJraWJ, IDLY, ~ro*r4' artbfJJw, LD'7LJ (QJu5Jc!Fw), C:r!F~6riTuu®i), at!Fm6N", U®~ctiG1[t,gp U]6'O)!D!DfTL8ifTruW, tSlm{D{DfT61r, C:wtbGa;rrGir (Proposition), .t!JI~QUfT®L an.[iJ.!J)J, ~~6"IDLD 6"T6JfU uruQurr®w CJ,~~(f;J.

6lOCIl, U/{D® 6f6M~W Q5fTtD8)tOU- uc9i8i/J6lSlcfDr$ ®{l5'luu~C:urrrjra{D U8;8)W ",~~LiJ QqfT~iJJlw ma;6"r)U1llJw [i}[lJ~8JlLJili ®tVlJ>®w. 6l1L6lJrt Y1!D®U QLJrr®rorf!~~ J!)J u!D~QJU QUfT®~GYT 6'6IrfI~i)(!!J8; ~ar {DW fr er rn 8; 8jC!!J~()()rr th.

U8;ChW - u~ - ul1fn{i1 = ~{D~8ilLJ~l_UJ{fJJ.

@ ~ , CT ff» fJ Ji a; 6fT 61fJ uJ1 ~ _ ~ ffiJ ® ill fY (!!J 6lJ Qf) g, U U!D 5m 611 U 8i 8iI fiTmuu(J;JfiJroW{lJ~. "uJi51 ILfQJv;mffiJ 9i@(;!!j" (i'®uLj.319) 6T61)f ~C!!J~ ~rf1 ~rr 1h®w UfTl1I-lLJGirfitTfTrT. 6l1.QJ.

ua; (bhaga) 6Tv;M~W @®c!i;®C:6lJ~cf Qqrr{iJ«!j, "dispenser", gracious lord, patron (appJied to gods, esp, to Savitri), R.V." 6Tr;;¥JJ)J WfT. ro6J. dPJ. Qurr (!!j6Tr 6lI«!>di5/w tD/IlI.

~8iGQJ, U8iQJ,m 6T6trrgJUW Qc!FfT!D®, u®ii{l>rotf!uu6lJ'*', ullJ-UJ6lTU UQJW tOTdruC:{h tyJQJUQUfT(!!j61TfTW. '~mrLGlJ~ u4-UJfiifTuurrw.' 6T ~.f!)J ~ UJ-8;r$l1J- LD8;8iGlr 8»._.!!)J 6lJ61f)~ a tyfT 8;®c!h.

JDL1JIi~w UkJ-l1J6fTUUfftf jbffrf/(]/liffrf Uff&rf (~6M1uurrLQ».

U 8) fiilI6ir 6T v;ig U fDJ LJ 6lJ Q {D uJ fill ffiJ 8) L ® W Q LJ tr .tD u Q u UJ fJ tt tiJ 6)J !J) rii1!iJ UJ i) 6M rra 6U (] UJ, C!P@ (yJ ~ v,U G;) (h tiJ QI UJ tt 51 UJ r$ L 6lJ (i6) 6'1T 8; @jp5lc9ia; "~~ U Ch fiilJ W " er m-.ff)J ~ ~ L G CJj rr@/J/l)J8i r!Tn. tVl6rT rr rt

• •

fiilJ6'fT ~QI rr.

~iJU8i6lJ~ = ~iJuuc!JjQJm.

Ql6'61 @mLu519ifTa~ UQ) cmL@# G'l1F rrtbe;f/rr JJl8;8ifTQ)~~ 6lJ~ffiJ8iJ

•

6lJ[Drjj6M. eueu.

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~ffiJ® ~m~ (i)6iJ6'61@ ~LrnQ/ (;!!j~~QJfr.

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uuJrT8= Qff~ 6lJQDtI)

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uu.trT 6lJ6tD8'J

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92

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UIJl.DW - UfJLD

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,

LJmIJ = gJ_UJrr6lJ.

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S. C:w(JrufTW, &L6lJroYr.

t!bff6lllTQ)ffW up1]1.JJ (~®QJrrs:. 5 : 44).

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600:1). GlJ.QJ

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Ur;rlJ)~ - t5Jr;r~LDfT (B)

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urfljl

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2. s;f;/ f)QJ6'lf)QfT ~6iJQ) ffP j;JriiJa;mGTT q &!bpSJ Ul (]a;rrL",L.

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3. 8iiJIJQJQg.

LJtfltf/lUf9 Q6QJQ/6ir (LD~. 4 : 1)

4. C:{h®C!!>Q)<OJT.

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utfJJ]lJ.JtiJ (§~~~ 8iJ..@CLD (i'r.r~. JDrn':"'@u. 40). urfJi) - u(!!Ji). (GlJ.611: 201).

u@U48 m.:.tp 6l1161D61TUJrTL:.(i)

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U<!!J6l.llD

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94

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eu LQJ It SifT L_@tb eyJ6lJ(yJLD Q u rr ®w riiJJ rfJfrnCFlLJ W 6lI®LDfT.ff)J:-

urI = [6!t;TuL/, !6Jm{DQJrT 8;@. IffifJthuJ; Ga;rr@ (@.aGll.),· If)~!D(]QJ{b.!J)l, (I:JJ{b.!J)J<9 Q~fil)6l9I @, C!J>{b.!f)l W6l}6ri>QT, &>@ (~. (lfOlJ.).

u® = 6lS)aJa;rr6lJ, ZL.!J)JULJ/ wm6lJ; aiLru,' eutremo, 6l1Imr~ru®. u®6'iv = 8l~, <!:pl1J-Q:a;,. 2_.f!)JuLJ· U@jiJ (@.aQJ.) LDrr.6fiJ~.

"ajoint a knot (esp. ofa cane or reed, orig. 'fullness', i.e. the fun or thick part of the stalk" fiT6M jJ)J ®p5J/J~(!!>i.Jum1h& snlrtf,§JJ C:{6fT c9i@j8i.

ufr6lJ~ = r9i~. (l:J>lJ1-8:,gr, !!L.f!)JuLf (@.C:6lI.),' t5JG1TQj. ~mLu1([;J, t51 rfl6l/, U ®i' (~.I.51.): ~(f!j c!Tn.LliI- &iJr ~jJ)J U LJ (IS} r;J fT iJ -r JK1 (!!j.); ~® ®(!5J~r$J 8lrrouuu@ji) (@.G6lJ.J

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u rfJ - ~~# = aTtbtDJ ~ i) (!!Jt1J46lJ~, &- Y_>6lJ(i)lJ /IJ/ et ~ jJ)J 6lJ LQJ rt ryJ6lJrliJ t$rrL($J6lJ/IJ/ GUfT®Ih~rr!IJl. (QJ.QJ: 201).

u6i>a>6lJrT c!lJ,t:AI «JlmW,tbrr(B)

(51.lSt 4c!tJ,lD !IlIT1D - 6~Lh ~d>.)

U6lJQ)QJrT a;fT L6l.I(!!)W 8)rr@QQJ L_lJI-c!Jj~LDrr W {huSJ y>C: fJ.

urr~L!J-UJrt ~Lg) (urrmrLq-fDfT@) - 590 - 920. OCFrrY;){T ~L_~ (C3a:rrYJ!Drr@) - 850 - 1279.

(Go:rry>urrmrUJ-UJ{Drr@s;61r) - 920 - 1190.

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LDfT '"" 8i@ Q,fT Ufr {buS} JPfljrr L._@8i Q9)fTr;;;.,~61TUJI..!J-U 4 - 1310. LD§l6lf>fJ q &jJJJ~~rr~UJw - 1329 - 1377.

. 95
u rr6l.JrT QJUfIT
(1) ~"UJ8;8in- ~LU1 - 1476 - 1639.
(2) (yJ8=6ULDfTmrr ~LU1 - 1639 - 7677.
(3) L1~lsJ,tT - w(Jrr/Ji)UJtT ~L_U1 - 1677 - 7690.
(4) (!JJg:6iJLDrr~tT ~L~ - 1690 - 1698.
(5) U]QU<9g}UJrT ~LU1 7750 - 1767.
(6) ~/iiJ~f,l)rT ~L_U1 1767 - 1947.
(1) [DfTlU8;&tT ~LU/ 1529 - 7736.
(2) (!p8)wi)UJ!T ~L_~ - 7736 - 1772.
(3) ~diJ~QJn- - 1772 - 1947.
(1) ~rrlLJ&a;rT ~L_U1 1532 - 1675.
(2) L1J(JIr Ll q_.UJ rt ~L_~ 1675 - 1855.
(3) ~ffiJ51fil)ft ~L_U/ 1855 - 1947. U6VfT

LI6b66l

u<OiJ~ - UGlJ68

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UQ)QJ)5

U61)ma; - U61JCJi (ph)

uQ)m& = 1. UfJ~i)®8;®W ~L_@. , QUITtOuQ)6T)1n (llli$ (~®QHTg. 16 : 1). 2. GaiLCliW.

UQ)Q)t!D LUQ;Q)~ ln61TtiQ~ffJPltliffC:t5 <Y!DLD. 282), (QJ.QJ: 201> .

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uruw-U6lJ

uruw = ~® @"'fD (4 $o~&). (QJ. 6lJ: 202).

LJQ)fT

uQ)rr - UQ) (ph)

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UQJuuJjJt5 Ju5JQ66TffUUITti; (~®QJrrg.. 6 : 16). uGOrr - U61JGl/.

1~&6TJ6TTU UQJ615J6lir u~(!jJ/iJe, @t.iJC:w (Y!DLD. 109,)

96

U6lJfTUUlPW ~uSJYJa;8i ®(6Jc9~ f;JQ)~iJtb@j# U/pJUUfT UJrf/UJ67J)fl; ~p5Jt6i)®!A/fJJw, 6lJL(!jfTL@U tS},jrrwromIT LDL@LD~{!5J5 QifarfiiO)6MU U. CJj. s: ~. ~. Q~fT®#S~QJ(!!JLb, t.seott 6Tw~c9 QCffT6U6lO6U 6lJL Q r!F IT 6l.HilJ tt 8i& r!J) tt L liI- u5J (!!J U U!!Jl Q)J UJ 8; 8i~ ~a; 9i Q [D@r!F @ ~ {lj c: LD. (QJ.QJ : 202) .

.

U6lJ61TLD

• •

Ufi)JJ6lT LD - t.ureu fT6lJ

U6lIrT = Qc!f,rrL.!J-. UQJ6TfW = (DJCJjfTUJ-(]urr{b t!hL$JJlL- ULrTQJgJ.

U61J61T/5 /D6ir66T C:l.J)~ (®WJb. 1).

u r;r 6lJ fT fit) (QI.) = @G1Tth.&fJJ6Yflrt. @ ~ e!jJfilJ Q u: tOM 6iJ Q U fT ®{h {h tr .:!J1. (6l.I.6lJ : 202).

u~~fb 6lIQD5

G'J {D tt 66J u5J a; Q LD 6iJ Gl5J UJ ~ ,. a 16 rr 6iJ ~ ~ rom LlJ rt m §JI ,. (] ~ fT (£1 6lJ coifr 67il UJUJ rr 6'M :ffP ; fj}(j)J u5J aJ <OlJ 6M m Lf) UJ tt tJT .§;J,' ®@8ima; ar m fj u5I ~ fJ>(fjJ,* LDLmL C:~ffiJc!f,fTtiJ Qflitb{l5J~ awtbu®i'; 1Lu5] QIDQ), a;w4 (!JJ~G15IUJQf tb{!5J W fYJ'4-,. Q c!J)fT wmLD QJ I]" ® G r!liy,QJ '7 ® (!JJ~ro6J UJQJ dJ{!5J 6M lLuSJ. (Gr!FfT6U. 69).

U@ - uru, utpw - u~ (ph) - @'C:6'lJ,

um - u~@ = uJj)w, UY;>~LD. Q~. u~(f;J = uY;>w.

• ••••••

UOfT - u@ - U!J>LD - uJP~, UyJiD - UUJW. uJPfirT - t.nuea.

Q/ LQJ([!jW U6l) 6T wWJ t.iJ Q r!F rrQ)6lJl6l)U U UJ~ 6T m-~ w c;, U IT ([!jGYfJ6i.J ~GtrQJfT. (Qt.6lJ: 202).

LJ6iJaft

LJ GiJ .§J)J {ljoU = f!JI6tSl GlT .ji ~Qy. 46iJ = a, L__@ ~ 6YT, ~ m 61T, u.t": (f)J mw lLJt4fr GTT f;JQf)fiU~~rnG"m" 6l.I6mal.

•• •••• •

LfQJ - '-I(Jf - Lj@. Lj@;f!j{EJfiV = Lf@~~~G1TfD~6lJ·

L_J6lJ - Qurrru. QurrQJ~~Q) = l!JlfiiG)fiJTl>~biJ. QUfToU6lJW QLJrr/J!!Jl~GiJ = ~rTltu QUi' '9 u5J~ ?}L_6lS)L_UJmL~~6iJ. QUfToUQJfTLDf05lffJ = gurn6'IT uJJ Q) Q) IT in f05lffJ . Q LJ tt 6U su tt i.J UJ 6Tr 6m G1T UJ tt It - 9!__ 6YfI u5I L tt U t.5J rtrr65>61T UJ rr IT U L!J-mLD.

Qurr.v - Qurrm-. QUfT6iT~~6U = §JJmw/J;fj6U. QurrGfrW6U = i!»6tfJ~,

•

fj)L 6ff) L_.

615Jtf QUIT6ff6TTP; 6I1J)J@LI5IP .tf;JQ;Q)IT~ 6D15(]Q)ff IJrDfllQ; 6J5JlJ.JU4 (,{bQTQm!6l. 12).