Problem 2.

78 In response to a step voltage, the voltage waveform shown in

Fig. P2.78 was observed at the sending end of a shorted line with Z0 = 50 and
r = 4. Determine Vg , Rg , and the line length.
V(0, t)
12 V
3V
0

0.75 V

7 s

14 s

Figure P2.78: Voltage waveform of Problem 2.78.

Solution:
3 108
c
up = =
= 1.5 108 m/s,
r
4
2l
2l
=
.
7 s = 7 106 s =
up 1.5 108
Hence, l = 525 m.
From the voltage waveform, V1+ = 12 V. At t = 7 s, the voltage at the sending end
is
V (z = 0,t = 7 s) = V1+ + LV1+ + g LV1+ = gV1+

(because L = 1).

Hence, 3 V= g 12 V, or g = 0.25. From Eq. (2.153),

1 + g
1 0.25
R g = Z0
= 50
= 30 .
1 g
1 + 0.25
Also,
V1+ =
which gives Vg = 19.2 V.

Vg Z0
,
R g + Z0

or

12 =

Vg 50
,
30 + 50