Calculus Solutions: Chapter 2.

4
Aaron Peterson, Stephen Taylor
September 22, 2006
1. Find the limits, if they exist.
b) limx/6 tan x
Solution:
Since tan x is defined at x =

6,

we can determine the limit by evaluating at

6.

lim tan x = tan( ) =

6
3
x/6
2
d) limx2/3 csc x
Solution:
By the same method as in the previous problem, we determine that

2
2 3
lim csc x = csc( ) =
x2/3
3
3
2
f) limx0

2x
tan x

Solution:
lim

x0

2x cos x
1
2x
= lim
= lim 2 cos x sin x = 2(1)(1) = 2
x0
tan x x0 sin x
x
2

h) limx0

tan 2x
sin 3x

Solution:
2 tan x

tan 2x
tan(x + x)
1tan2 x
=
= lim
x0 sin 3x
x0
sin(2x + x)
sin 2x cos x + cos 2x sin x
lim

=
lim

x0

2 sin x cos2 x

2 tan x
1tan2 x
+ 2 cos2 x sin x

sin x

2 cos x
1tan2 x
x0 4 cos2 x

= lim

2
3

Making use of the identities cos 2x = 2 cos2 x 1 and sin 2x = 2 cos x sin x
2
j) limx/4

tan(4x)
x/4

Solution:
tan( 4x)
tan( 4x)
tan x
= 4 lim
= 4 lim
= 4(1) = 4
x0
x /4
x/4
4x
x
x/4
lim

2
2. Find the limits, if they exist.
b) limx0 |x| cos x
Solution:
cos x is bounded near 0, and limx0 |x| = 0. Applying Theorem 30 we
determine that limx0 |x| cos x = 0.
2
d) limx (x3 5x2 + 3) sin x
Solution:
Similar to part b), limx (x3 5x2 + 3) sin x = 0.
2

f) limx0+ cos x
Solution:

limx0+ x = 0 and limx0 cos x = 1. So we apply Theorem 27 to determine

that

lim cos x = 1
x0+

h) limx4

sin x

Solution:

Notice that sin 4 < 0. Therefore sin 4 is not defined, so the limit does not
exist.
2
4. Find the limits, if they exist.
b) limx2 ex
Solution:
lim ex =

x2

1
1
= 2 = e2
limx2 ex
e
2

d) limx2

x+2
ex e2

Solution:
Since limx2 (x + 2) = 4 6= 0 and
lim (ex e2 ) = e2 e2 = 0

x2

limx2

x+2
ex e2

does not exist.

2

f) limx3 10x
Solution:
limx3 10x = 103 by Theorem 34.
2

7. Let f and g be two functions such that

lim

f (x)
=1
x

lim

g(x)
=0
x

x0

and
x0

.
What can you say about the following limits?
a) limx0 f (x)
Solution:
Since limx0

f (x)
x

= 1 and limx0 x = 0, we know that

lim f (x) = 0

x0

2
b) limx0 g(x)
Solution:
It is clear that limx0 g(x) = 0
2
c) limx0

g(x)
f (x)

Solution:
lim

x0

g(x)
0
= =0
f (x)
1
2

d) limx0

g(x)
xf (x)

Solution:
Let g(x) 0 and f (x) 1.
lim

x0

g(x)
=0
xf (x)

Now let g(x) = x and f (x) = 1 + x.

lim

x0

g(x)
1
= lim
=1
xf (x) x0 1 + x

Since in both cases our functions satisfy the above requirements, we see that
g(x)
we cannot determine the value of limx0 xf
(x) with the information given.
2
4

e) limx0

g(x)
x2

Solution:
Let g(x) 0
lim

x0

g(x)
=0
x2

Now let g(x) = x2

g(x)
=1
x2
Since in both cases our functions satisfy the above requirements, we see that
we cannot determine the value of limx0 g(x)
x2 with the information given.
lim

x0

2
10. Let f be a function such that f (x) > x3 for all x, and let g be a function
such that x3 g(x) f (x) for all x. Given that
lim f (x) = 0, lim f (x) = 1, lim f (x) = 8

x0

x1

x2

and
lim f (x) = 0

x1

find the following if possible.

b) limx1 g(x)
Solution:
1 = lim x3 lim g(x) lim f (x) = 1
x1

x1

x1

so
lim g(x) = 1

x1

2
d) limx1 g(x)
Solution:
1 = lim x3 lim g(x) lim f (x) = 0
x1

x1

x1

so we cannot determine limx1 g(x) from the information given.

2

11. Tell whether the given function is bounded on the given interval. If so,
give a number B such that |f (x)| B for all x in the interval.
b) f (x) = x1 , (1,2)
Solution:
Every x in (1,2) is positive and larger than 1, so f (x) =
increases on the interval. |f (x)| < 1 for all x in (1,2).

1
x

decreases as x

2
d) f (x) = tan x, (1,2)
Solution:

2 is in the interval (1,2). As x approaches 2 from the left side, tan x grows
without bound in the positive direction. As x approaches 2 from the right
side, tan x grows without bound in the negative direction. tan x is not
bounded on (1,2).
2
f) f (x) =

1
x2 +1 ,

(, )

Solution:
Similar to part b), f (x) =
x in (, .

1
x2 +1

is decreasing as |x| increases. |f (x)| 1 for all

2