Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

NGHIN CU V THIT K MNG CAN

NG DNG TRONG CNG NGHIP
Dng Hu Hong
Lp 08DD3N, Khoa in in t
TM TT
Tc pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh vi in t, k thut truyn thng v
cng ngh phn mm trong nhng nm gn y to s chuyn bin c bn trong hng
i cho cc gii php t ng ha cng nghip. Xu hng phn tn, mm ha v chun ha
l ba trong nhiu im c trng c s thay i ny. Nhng xu hng mi khng nm
ngoi mc ch gim gi thnh gii php v nng cao cht lng h thng. S ng dng
rng ri cc h thng mng truyn thng cng nghip, c bit cc h thng bus trng
(field bus) l mt v d tiu biu.
Mng truyn thng cng nghip khng phi l mt lnh vc k thut hon ton mi
m thc cht l cc cng ngh c k tha, cht lc v pht trin t k thut truyn
thng cho ph hp vi cc yu cu trong cng nghip. iu ny th hin ch, mi mt
ngi hot ng trong lnh vc iu khin t ng ha u bit t nhiu v n, c th ni
v n, ngay c khi cha c mt cun sch c th no v mng cng nghip, v cng ngh
bus trng. T hn mt thp k nay, cng ngh bus trng tr nn khng th thiu
c trong cc h thng iu khin v gim st hin i. Song, thc t ngi s dng
trong cng nghip thng gp phi hng lot cc vn khc nhau, mc d rt c bn,
nhng khng c cp cc ti liu thuc lnh vc mng truyn thng ph thng (v d
nh mng my tnh, mng vin thng).
Vn t ra trc tin khi xy dng mt gii php t ng khng cn l nn hay
khng nn m l la chn h thng mng truyn thng no cho ph hp vi yu cu v
nhim v ca ng dng trong thc t. V d, gii php bus trng no c th tha mn yu
cu v cu trc h thng v tnh nng thi gian thc ca ng dng?
Thc trng hin ti c rt nhiu h thng mng cng nghip, t mng n gin gm
mt vi thit b ti cc h thng mng c quy m ln hn v cc h thng SCADA trong
cc nh my x nghip. Nh ni trn, vn khng phi l nn hay khng nn xy
dng h thng mng m l la chn m hnh mng thch hp cho mi nhu cu ng dng
ring bit. Vit Nam, mng truyn thng cng nghip c nhng bc i r rt, v c
nhng m hnh mng phong ph. Tuy nhin, h thng mng CAN (Controller Area
1

Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

Network) l mt h thng mng tuyt vi nhng li khng my c ph bin ti nc ta

c v mt ti liu cng nh mt ng dng. Thc t th mng cng nghip nc ta u do
k s nc ngoi thit k v h s dng ng dng CAN rt nhiu.
ti ny s phn tch mng CAN v a ra mt vi ng dng CAN mang tnh tit
kim chi ph sn xut v chi ph bo tr. Thit k mt card CAN n gin nhng y
tnh nng cn thit a vo ng dng trong cng nghip.
QU TRNH NGHIN CU V CC KT QU
1.

Tng quan

Hnh 1.1 Trc y CAN ch yu c s dng cho xe t

CAN (Control Area Network) xut pht l mt pht trin chung ca hai hng Bosch
v Intel phc v vic ni mng trong cc phng tin giao thng c gii thay th cch
ni im im c in, sau c chun ha quc t trong ISO 11898. Trong mt s chng
loi t c ln, chiu di dy dn tng cng trong cch ni im im c th ln ti hng
kilomt, tnh ring khi lng dy dn cng ln ti hng trm kilogam. Ch cn quan tm
ti hai yu t ny cng thy hiu qu ca vic s dng mt h thng bus trng nh
CAN. Nh tc truyn dn tng i cao khong cch ngn cng nh u th mt s
c tnh k thut khc m cng ngh ny thm nhp c vo mt s lnh vc t ng
ha qu trnh cng nghip.
Ngy nay, nhng nh sn xut linh kin bn dn nh Motorola, Philips, Intel, Atmel,
Microchip, Infineon tch hp CAN vo trong cc chp bn dn ca h, v thc t
chng minh iu . Atmel c c mt dng vi iu khin ring dnh cho cc ng dng v
automation trong cc linh kin bn dn u tch hp CAN vo trong , gi thnh sn
xut c gim xung ti mc ti thiu thay v phi dng cc chip CAN c th. Trc
y cc nh sn xut chp thng hay tch hp cc chun UART vo cc thit k ca h
nhm h tr cc giao tip RS232/RS485 th ngy nay cc nh sn xut ny tch hp c
chun CAN vo trong cc thit k vi x l.
2

Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

CAN c th dng c lm h thng thng tin nhng cho vi iu khin cng nh h

thng thng tin m cho cc thit b thng minh. V d mt s ngi s dng trong lnh vc
cng ngh y hc la chn CAN bi v chng p ng c yu cu an ton tuyt i.
V d nh h thng robots, thang my, hoc l h thng vn ti yu cu c an ton
thng tin v tin cy cao.
Cng ty mng my tnh ni ting khp th gii, Cisco Systems, s dng CAN cho h
thng mng con trin khai v ci tin nhng tnh nng cho router m khng cn phi
dng h thng. S lng CAN node m Cisco dng nm trong khong 500.000 ti
1.000.000 node, iu ny l minh chng r rng nht cho li ch ca vic s dng ng
dng CAN ngoi lnh vc t ng. Ngoi Cisco ra cn c rt nhiu cc cng ty c tn tui
khc s dng CAN nh HP, NASA, Boeing, Lockheed ....
Mt lnh vc khc m CAN c s dng nhiu l cc trang thit b y t, t cc
thit b s dng trong mt phng khm thng thng nh n v nh sng ging khm
bnh, h thng camera ni soi, tia X, my siu m ... n cc trang thit b ln hn nh h
thng my qut CAT. Hu ht cc bnh vin t nhn ln trn nc M bao gm lun cc
bnh vin nh GE Medical, Philips Medical, u c nhu cu s dng CAN (hoc l
CANopen mt chun CAN m rng).
2.

M hnh mng CAN thc

S h thng

Hnh 5.1a S khi h thng CAN Master Slave

3

Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

Mi trm c mt nhim v ring bit, trm 1 x l tnh hiu ADC, trong m hnh
thit k l tn hiu nhit c tr v t cm bin nhit LM35. Trm 1 hin th nhit
mi trng ti thi im hin ti v hin th nhit ngay ti trm qua mn hnh LCD loi
16x2, ng thi truyn nhit thu c ln Bus CAN. Trm 2 iu khin tc ng c,
tnh ton tc ng c DC v truyn tc ng c ln Bus CAN, ng thi ti trm 2
cng hin th tc ng c ln mn hnh LCD 16x2.
Thit b giao tip CAN vi my tnh c thit k thn thin vi ngi s dng, c
giao tip USB tc cao. Trm ny c gi l trm trung tm, trm trung tm s thu thp
nhit v tc ng c truyn t trm 1 v trm 2 thng qua Bus CAN sau hin th
ln my tnh. Trn my tnh c ci sn phn mm hin th tc ng c v nhit mi
trng, phn mm c vit bng ngn ng Visual Basic trong mi trng .NET 2.0.
Phn lp trnh my tnh s dng phn mm Visual Studio 2005 dng ngn ng Visual
Basic trong mi trng .NET thit k ng dng. Phin bn Visual Studio 2005 Express
c Microsoft pht hnh min ph, c ng gi theo tng ngn ng. c im ca cc
phin bn ny l rt nh gn, vi hu ht cc tnh nng cn thit cho vic pht trin mt
ng dng bnh thng. Nu nh b Visual Studio 2005 Professional c dung lng ln ti
khong 2.5GB, khi ci cng cn rt nhiu khng gian a, th cc phin bn Express c
dung lng ch khong 450MB, v yu cu dung lng a khi ci t thp hn nhiu.
Gii thiu chng trnh trn my tnh:

Hnh Chng trnh trn my tnh, Form1

Khi nhn nt Next s chy vo chng trnh chnh ca h thng. Chng trnh chnh
gm 2 khi, khi thit lp cng serial port giao tip vi my tnh v khi vn hnh chng
trnh.

Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

Hnh Chng trnh chnh trn my tnh

Trong khi COM Port, c th la chn cng COM thch hp truyn nhn tn hiu,
ngoi ra, cn c th thit lp cc thuc tnh khc nhau ca cng COM nh tc Baudrate,
Data Bit v Parity Bit. Khi nhn chn cng COM thc hp th h thng s c kt ni lp
tc vi my tnh, biu tng kt ni s hin ln v chp tt lin tc, nt Disconnect s xut
hin. Nu h thng khng kt ni c th biu tng kt ni s khng xut hin.
Bn phi chng trnh s miu t h thng thit k, my tnh c kt ni vi 2
node trm thng qua CAN bus ng mu xanh l. T mi trn li c tng phn t chp
hnh tng ng. Tc ng c c truyn v hin th ln chng trnh, tc ng c
c iu khin bng bin tr nm trm cn li. Nhit c gim st cht ch, khi
qu nhit (80 0C) th qut s c bt gim thiu lng nhit trn h thng. Khi qut
c bt th biu tng qut s chp tt lin tc, ng thi xut hin cnh bo qu nhit.
Node trm cng c trang b LCD gim st tc ng c v nhit h thng
Sau thi gian nghin cu v thi cng ba trm CAN, mt trm trung tm c kt ni
vi my tnh v hai trm v tinh iu khin ng c DC c iu khin bng bin tr v
thu thp nhit mi trng. Khong cch truyn gia mi trm l 8m, tc truyn 125
Kb/s, h thng lm vic bnh thng, khng h c bt k s c no. Phn giao tip vi my
tnh thng qua cng USB lm cho h thng tr nn thn thin hn vi ngi dng, v hu
ht cc my tnh by gi u khng c cng Serial truyn thng. Tc giao tip vi my
tnh kh cao, 19200 Kb/s, d liu c truyn v tng i chnh xc.
KT LUN
u im:

- S dng vi iu khin AVR gi thnh thp nn khng pht sinh nhiu chi ph.
- Tng thch vi cc thit b cng nghip theo chun CAN.
- C kh nng thay th cc thit b o lng s dng chun CAN trong cng nghip.
Hin ti gi thnh ca cc sn phm CAN trong cng nghip rt cao, t 400 USD

Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln VIII

Nm 2008-2009

ti c ngn USD ty loi. Vi mch CAN trong ti ny gi thnh thit b CAN

ch khong 800.000 VN.
- u im tuyt vi ca mng CAN gip gim ti a chi ph dy dn pht sinh trong
h thng mng.
- Phn mm lp trnh CAN l AVR Studio cng l phn mm c cng ty Atmel
phn phi min ph.
- H thng kt ni vi my tnh qua chun USB nn thn thin vi ngi dng.
Khuyt im:

- Hin ti v chi ph gii hn nn ch thc hin h thng trn ba trm CAN, cha th
hin c s phn x bus truyn tuyt vi ca CAN.

- Cha pht huy c ti a kh nng tit kim nng lng ca vi iu khin AVR.
Hng pht trin ca ti

- Thit k thm mt hoc vi trm v tinh th hin s phn x bus tuyt vi ca

CAN.
- a sn phm vo trong cc nh my, x nghip.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1.
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9.

Trn Vn S, truyn s liu v mng thng tin s, nh xut bn i hc quc gia

TP.HCM
Hong Minh Sn, mng truyn thng cng nghip, nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut
www.atmel.com, datasheet AT90CAN32/64/128
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_Area_Network
http://www.can-cia.org/
Wilfried Voss, a comprehensible guide to controller area network
www.microchip.com, datasheet MCP2551, driver CAN bus
Texas instruments, Introduction to the controller area network
Michel Passemard, Atmel Microcontrollers for Controller Area Network (CAN)