1.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ESCHATOLOGICAL MYTHS DESCRIBE

( )

the end to the present world order

( )

the beginnings of a cultural phenomena, customs, geographical names

( )

how the world came into being

( )

how the culture hero brought new techniques to mankind

2.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

COSMOGONIC MYTHS DESCRIBE

( )

the end to the present world order

( )

how the world came into being

( )

how the culture hero brought new techniques to mankind

( )

the beginnings of a cultural phenomena, customs, geographical names

3.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ETIOLOGICAL MYTHS DESCRIBE THE BEGINNINGS OF A
CULTURAL PHENOMENA, CUSTOM, GEOGRAPHICAL NAME

( )

the end to the present world order

( )

how the culture hero brought new techniques to mankind

( )

how the world came into being

( )

the beginnings of a cultural phenomena, customs, geographical names

4.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MYTH WAS INTERPRETED AS AN EXPRESSION OF REPRESSED

IDEAS BY
( )

Lucien Lvy-Bruhl

( )

Sigmund Freud

( )

Carl Jung

( )

Claude Levi-Strauss

5.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MYTH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PRELOGICAL MENTALITY AS A
TYPE OF THOUGHT THAT HAD BEEN COMMON TO ARCHAIC
MANKIND BY

( )

Edward Burnett Tylor

( )

Carl Jung

( )

LucienLvy-Bruhl

( )

Sigmund Freud

6.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MYTH AND RITUAL WAS
EMPHASIZED BY

( )

Bronislaw Malinowski

( )

Carl Jung

( )

Edward Burnett Tylor

( )

Emile Durkheim

7.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRACTICE OF ALLEGED REGULAR COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN THE LIVING AND THE SPIRITS OF THE DEAD
THROUGH A LIVING "MEDIUM" IS

( )

Totemism

( )

Animism

( )

Spiritualism

( )

Skepticism

8.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ART OR PRACTICE THAT SEEKS TO FORETELL FUTURE

EVENTS OR DISCOVER HIDDEN KNOWLEDGE BY THE
INTERPRETATION OF OMENS OR BY THE AID OF SUPERNATURAL
POWERS IS
( )

Astrology

( )

Divination

( )

Alchemy

( )

Witchcraft

9.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

VARIOUS THEORIES, PRACTICES, AND RITUALS BASED ON AN
ALLEGED OR ESOTERIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD OF
SPIRITS AND UNKNOWN FORCES ARE CALLED AS
( )

Magic

( )

Divination

( )

Astrology

( )

Occultism

10.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A HUMAN EXERCISE OF ALLEGED SUPERNATURAL POWERS FOR

ANTISOCIAL, EVIL PURPOSES IS
( )

Theosophy

( )

Astrology

( )

Witchcraft

( )

Alchemy

11.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TYPE OF DIVINATION THAT CONSISTS IN INTERPRETING

THE INFLUENCE OF PLANETS AND STARS ON EARTHLY AFFAIRS
IN ORDER TO PREDICT OR AFFECT THE DESTINIES OF

INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, OR NATIONS IS

( )

Astrology

( )

Magic

( )

Divination

( )

Occultism

12.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THESIS THAT CULTURES PAST AND PRESENT, CIVILIZED
AND PRIMITIVE, MUST BE STUDIED AS PARTS OF A SINGLE
HISTORY OF HUMAN THOUGHT, WAS ELABORATED BY

( )

Wilhelm Schmidt

( )

Edward Burnett Tylor

( )

Rudolf Otto

( )

Max Scheler

13.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE OF ONE GOD, OR IN THE
ONENESS OF GOD IS CALLED

( )

Pantheism

( )

Polytheism

( )

Mysticism

( )

Monotheism

14.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT THE UNIVERSE CONCEIVED OF AS A
WHOLE IS GOD TRADITIONALLY DEFINED AS

( )

Anthropomorphism

( )

Pantheism

( )

Mysticism

( )

Theism

15.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BELIEF IN SPIRITUAL BEINGS, WHO ARE CONCERNED WITH

HUMAN AFFAIRS AND CAPABLE OF INTERVENING IN THEM IS
DEFINED AS
( )

Fideism

( )

Totemism

( )

Animism

( )

Deism

16.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

RELIGION BEGAN IN ANIMISM ACCORDING TO THE VIEW OF

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

Max Scheler

( )

Wilhelm Schmidt

( )

Edward BurnettTylor

17.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

AMONG THE FOLLOWING THE MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION IS

( )

Buddhism

( )

Islam

( )

Zoroastrianism

( )

Hinduism

18.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE OF MANY GODS IS DEFINED AS

( )

Polytheism

( )

Atheism

( )

Pantheism

( )

Monotheism

19.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE COMPLEX OF IDEAS AND PRACTICES BASED ON THE BELIEF

IN MYSTICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEN AND NATURAL
OBJECTS, SUCH AS ANIMALS AND PLANTS, IS CALLED
( )

Theism

( )

Totemism

( )

Mysticism

( )

Anthropomorphism

20.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

RELIGION ORIGINATED IN TOTEMISM ACCORDING TO THE VIEW

OF
( )

Ludwig Feuerbach

( )

mile Durkheim

( )

Hans-Georg Gadamer

( )

Oswald Spengler

21.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A SYSTEM OF THOUGHT ADVOCATING NATURAL RELIGION AND

DENYING THE INTERFERENCE OF THE CREATOR WITH THE
LAWS OF THE UNIVERSE IS
( )

Hylozoism

( )

Fideism

( )

Deism

( )

Atheism

22.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEORY ACCORDING TO WHICH RELIGION REFLECTS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORDER AND ALIENATES MAN FROM HIS
LABOR PRODUCT AND, HENCE, FROM HIS TRUE SELF BELONGS
TO
( )

Karl Marks

( )

Rene Descartes

( )

mile Durkheim

( )

Max Scheler

23.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY THE MOST THOROUGHLY
PANTHEISTIC SYSTEM WAS FORMULATED BY

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

Thomas Aquinas

( )

Benedict Spinoza

( )

Sren Kierkegaard

24.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE "DEATH OF GOD" AND THE CONSEQUENT LOSS OF ALL
TRADITIONAL VALUES WAS PROCLAIMED BY

( )

Fransis Bacon

( )

Karl Marks

( )

Friedrich Nietzsche

( )

Immanuel Kant

25.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE WORD "PHILOSOPHER" BELONGED TO

( )

Pythagoras

( )

Aristotle

( )

Plato

( )

Heraclites

26.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THINKER WHO SAW PHILOSOPHY AS A MEANS TO ASSERT

THE TRUTHS OF RELIGION WAS
( )

Rene Descartes

( )

Karl Marks

( )

Fransis Bacon

( )

George Berkeley

27.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL THEORY OF REASONING AND ARGUMENTATION
IS
( )

Epistemology

( )

Theology

( )

Logic

( )

Teleology

28.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THINKER WHO SAW PHILOSOPHY AS A MEANS TO CHANGE

THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF MEN WAS
( )

Bertrand Russell

( )

Sren Kierkegaard

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

Thomas Aquinas

29.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ONE OF THE CORE AREAS OF PHILOSOPHY THAT STUDIES THE

PROBLEM OF THE NATURE AND VALIDITY OF KNOWLEDGE IS
( )

Epistemology

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Logic

( )

Ethnology

30.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHILOSOPHER WHO DEFINED PHILOSOPHY AS THE

SCIENCE OF THE RELATION OF ALL KNOWLEDGE TO THE
ESSENTIAL ENDS OF HUMAN REASON WAS
( )

Immanuel Kant

( )

John Locke

( )

Rene Descartes

( )

Aristotle

31.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THEOLOGY IS

( )

the general theory of being

( )

philosophy of religion

( )

the general theory of knowledge

( )

philosophy of morality

32.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SUBJECT MATTER OF AXIOLOGY IS

( )

value

( )

being as such

( )

nature and essence of man

( )

cognitive processes

33.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ONTOLOGY IS

( )

the general theory of knowledge

( )

the general theory of being

( )

the general theory of morality

( )

the general theory of values

34.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY THAT STUDIES BEAUTY AND ARTS

IS
( )

Ethics

( )

Axiology

( )

Gnoseology

( )

Aesthetics

35.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE OBJECT OF RESEARCHING OF PHILOSOPHICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY IS

( )

the nature and essence of man

( )

the nature and problems of knowledge

( )

the cognitive processes

( )

the mental processes

36.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FIRST GREEK PHILOSOPHER WAS

( )

Pythagoras

( )

Thales

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Anaximander

37.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT "ALL THINGS ARE NUMBERS" BELONGS TO

( )

Zeno

( )

Pythagoras

( )

Xenofanes

( )

Democritus

38.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM APEIRON WAS INTRODUCED TO PHILOSOPHY BY

( )

Thales

( )

Parmenides

( )

Empedocles

( )

Anaximander

39.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANAXIMENES BELIEVED THAT THE PRIMARY SUBSTANCE WAS

( )

fair

( )

air

( )

water

( )

earth

40.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA THAT MOVING OBJECT IS ACTUALLY AT REST
BELONGED TO

( )

Gorgias

( )

Zeno

( )

Thrasymachus

( )

Leucippus

41.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDERS OF ATOMISTIC THEORY WERE

( )

Parmenides and Xenofanes

( )

Plato and Aristotle

( )

Leucippus and Democritus

( )

Anaximander and Anaximenes

42.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRIMARY PRINCIPLE ACCORDING TO THALES IS

( )

water

( )

earth

( )

air

( )

fair

43.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT THAT "MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS

BELONGS TO
( )

Pythagoras

( )

Protagoras

( )

Empedocles

( )

Anaximenes

44.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO HELD THAT THE ORDERED WORLD (THE

COSMOS) DEVELOPED OUT OF THE APEIRON WAS
( )

Thrasymachus

( )

Parmenides

( )

Gorgias

( )

Anaximander

45.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ELEATIC PHILOSOPHERS HELD THAT

( )

all things are in constant flux

( )

man is the measure of all things

( )

motion and change are illusory

( )

all things are numbers

46.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRESOCRATIC PERIOD ENDED WITH

( )

Empedocles

( )

Democritus

( )

Xenofanes

( )

Parmenides

47.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

WATER IS THE PRIMARY PRINCIPLE ACCORDING TO

( )

Thales

( )

Anaximander

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Heraclitus

48.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TEACHER OF ARISTOTLE WAS

( )

( )

Socrates
Hippocrates

( )

Democritus

( )

Plato

49.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT THE MATERIAL THINGS ARE ONLY COPIES

OF IDEAS BELONGS TO

( )

Aristotle

( )

Plato

( )

Socrates

( )

Xenofanes

50.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TEACHER OF PLATO WAS

( )

Sophists

( )

Thales

( )

Socrates

( )

Democritus

51.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDER OF ACADEMY OF PHILOSOPHY AT ATHENS WAS

( )

Plato

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Zeno

( )

Parmenidus

52.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDER OF MEDICINE WAS

( )

Aristotle

( )

Hippocrates

( )

Galen

( )

Avicenna

53.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ARISTOTLE IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE

( )

Nicomachus

( )

Theaetetus

( )

Timaeus

( )

Stagirite

54.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BIRTHPLACE OF PHILOSOPHY WAS

( )

Egypt

( )

Athens

( )

Miletus

( )

Rome

55.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE THE BASIS OF ALL THAT EXISTS

WHICH COMPRISES THE POTENTIALITY OF EVERYTHING, BUT
OF ITSELF IS NOT ACTUALLY ANYTHING IS
( )

Consciousness

( )

Form

( )

Matter

( )

Eidos

56.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ART AND STUDY OF THE USE OF LANGUAGE WITH
PERSUASIVE EFFECT IS

( )

Logic

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Ethics

( )

Rhetoric

57.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE VIEW THAT THINGS HAVE A FUNCTION OR PURPOSE IS

( )

Hylomorphism

( )

Teleology

( )

Theosophy

( )

Hylozoism

58.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDY OF THE ULTIMATE NATURE OF BEING IS

( )

Astrophysics

( )

Physics

( )

Cosmophysics

( )

Metaphysics

59.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEMES OF THEOLOGY ARE

( )

God, physical nature, the world, salvation, eschatology

( )

God, man, the world, salvation, eschatology

( )

God, man, the world, salvation, epistemology

( )

God, man, the world, salvation, axiology

60.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE NAME OF THE BOOK OF ST. AUGUSTINE IS

( )

On First Principles

( )

Concerning the Consolation of Philosophy

( )

Summa Theologica

( )

The City of God

61.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHRASE "FAITH SEEKING REASON" BELONGS TO

( )

Origen

( )

Tertullian

( )

St. Augustine

( )

St. Anselm

62.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM TRINITY WAS INTRODUCED TO THEOLOGY BY

( )

Origen

( )

St. Augustine

( )

St. Anselm

( )

Tertullian

63.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BOOK THAT IS CONSIDERED SECOND ONLY TO THE BIBLE IN

IMPORTANCE TO THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IS
( )

Concerning the Consolation of Philosophy

( )

On First Principles

( )

The City of God

( )

Summa Theologica

64.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PATRISTIC LITERATURE WAS CRATED BY

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

Church Philosophers

( )

Church Fathers

( )

St. Anselm

65.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS AQUINAS THE CONFLICT BETWEEN

FAITH AND REASON IS IMPOSSIBLE SINCE THEY BOTH
ORIGINATE IN

( )

Reason

( )

God

( )

Nature

( )

Science

66.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TEACHINGS OF ARISTOTLE AND PLATO WERE SYNTHESIZED

FOR THEOLOGY BY
( )

St. Anselm

( )

Origen

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

Tertullian

67.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDER OF WESTERN THEOLOGY WAS

( )

St. Anselm

( )

Tertullian

( )

St. Augustine

( )

Origen

68.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

TWO PERIODS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
WERE PATRISTIC AND

( )

Idealistic

( )

Bibleistic

( )

Scholastic

( )

Materialistic

69.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FIRST COHERENT AND SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE

MAIN DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY WAS GIVEN BY
( )

St. Damian

( )

Tertullian

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

Origen

70.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE NATURE OF GOD AND
RELIGIOUS TRUTH IS

( )

Theism

( )

Teleology

( )

Theology

( )

Theosophy

71.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS AQUINAS TRUTH IS KNOWN

( )

through natural revelation

( )

through reason and faith

( )

through supernatural revelation

( )

through faith and belief

72.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT I THINK, THEREFORE I AM BELONGS TO

( )

John Locke

( )

David Hume

( )

Francis Bacon

( )

Rene Descartes

73.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TYPE OF IDEALISM WHICH BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT

THE REALITY OF THE OUTSIDE WORLD IS CONTINGENT ON A

KNOWER IS
( )

objective idealism

( )

solipsism

( )

deism

( )

subjective idealism

74.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

METAPHYSICAL DUALISM WAS FORMULATED BY

( )

I. Kant

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Hegel

( )

Fichte

75.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT THAT NOTHING EXISTS APART FROM MINDS

AND THE "CONTENTS" OF MINDS IS TRUE ACCORDING TO
( )

Dualism

( )

Solipcism

( )

Idealism

( )

Materialism

76.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE WHICH HOLDS THAT "I ALONE
EXIST" IS

( )

idealism

( )

dualism

( )

materialism

( )

solipsism

77.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A TRANSCENDENT ENTITY, A REAL PATTERN OF WHICH
EXISTING THINGS ARE IMPERFECT REPRESENTATIONS, IS

( )

cause

( )

reality

( )

idea

( )

effect

78.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CONCEPT "SUBSTANCE" MEANS

( )

the ideal basis of the universe

( )

the endless of being

( )

the whole cosmic system of matter

( )

the material basis of the universe

79.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

AN ANIMATING OR VITAL PRINCIPLE HELD TO GIVE LIFE TO
PHYSICAL ORGANISMS IS CALLED

( )

spirit

( )

causality

( )

idea

( )

substance

80.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CONCEPT WHICH IS THE BROADEST AMONG THE
FOLLOWING IS

( )

substance

( )

reality

( )

matter

( )

nature

81.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT THAT INDIVIDUALS CAN KNOW ONLY
SENSIBLE APPEARANCES WHILE ESSENCES OF THINGS ARE
ELUSIVE IS TRUE ACCORDING TO

( )

dualism

( )

subjective idealism

( )

objective idealism

( )

deism

82.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SUBJECTIVE IDEALIST AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS

( )

I. Kant

( )

G. Berkeley

( )

R. Descartes

( )

J.W.F. Hegel

83.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE OBJECTIVE IDEALIST AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS

( )

R. Descartes

( )

J.W.F. Hegel

( )

J. Lock

( )

K. Marx

84.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT TO BE IS TO BE PERCEIVED BELONGS TO

( )

J. Lock

( )

R. Descartes

( )

G. Berkeley

( )

D. Hume

85.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE ACCORDING TO WHICH THE

MATERIAL WORLD, PERCEPTIBLE TO THE SENSES, HAS
OBJECTIVE REALITY INDEPENDENT OF MIND IS CALLED
( )

Dualism

( )

Solipcism

( )

Idealism

( )

Materialism

86.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

K. MARX WAS THE FOUNDER OF

( )

objective idealism

( )

dialectical materialism

( )

subbjective idealism

( )

modern materialism

87.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEORY WHICH ASSERTS THAT SPACE AND TIME ARE THE
FORMS OF RELATION OF INTERACTING MATERIAL OBJECTS,
THEIR COORDINATION AND CHANGE IS CALLED
( )

the theory of balance

( )

the substantial theory

( )

the relativistic theory

( )

the theory of reflection

88.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MOTION IS

( )

a synonym of development

( )

an any alteration of an object

( )

a movement of the object in space and time

( )

a synonym of progress

89.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE WHICH DENIES OBJECTIVE CAUSALITY AND
VALIDITY OF CASUAL EXPLANATION OF EVENTS IS

( )

Indeterminism

( )

Relativistic theory

( )

Substantial theory

( )

Determinism

90.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM NOOSPHERE IS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK NOUS

MEANING
( )

unconsciousness

( )

mind

( )

matter

( )

consciousness

91.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM NOOSPHERE WAS PROPOSED BY

( )

Thomas Malthus and August Weismann

( )

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Vladimir Vernadsky

( )

Vladimir Vernadsky and Nicolas Malebranche

( )

Karl Linnaeus and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

92.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FEATURE WHICH CAN NOT BE RELATED TO THE LIVING
NATURE IS

( )

metabolism

( )

reproduction

( )

the goal of development

( )

evolution

93.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ORGANIZING LEVELS OF EXISTENCE IS THE ULTIMATE
CLASSIFICATION OF

( )

everything that can be known

( )

everything that exists

( )

everything that can be examined by senses

( )

everything that can be examined by reason

94.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SCIENTIST WHO DISPROVED THE ABIOGENESIS OR
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OF LIFE WAS

( )

J. Tyndall

( )

Fr. Redi

( )

T.H. Huxley

( )

A. Oparin

95.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MODERN VERSION OF BIG BANG MODEL WAS DEVELOPED

BY
( )

G. Lemaitre

( )

A. Einstein

( )

A. Fridman

( )

G. Gamov

96.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SCIENTIST WHO SUGGESTED THAT SIMPLE FORMS OF LIFE

ON THE EARTH AROSE FROM PANSPERMIA WAS
( )

A. Oparin

( )

V. Vernadsky

( )

W. Harvey

( )

S. A. Arrhenius

97.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE NEW KINDS OF ORGANISMS ARE CONSTANTLY BEING

CREATED TO REPLACE EXTINCT ANCIENT FORMS IS TRUE
ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF
( )

Progressive creationism

( )

Theistic evolution

( )

Intelligent design

( )

Abiogenesis

98.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE WHICH STATES THAT THE UNIVERSE

WAS CREATED BY GOD WHO THEN MADE NO FURTHER
INTERVENTION IN ITS AFFAIRS IS
( )

Progressive creationism

( )

Pantheism

( )

Deism

( )

Intelligent design

99.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEORY WHICH STATES THAT LIFE IS TOO COMPLEX TO

HAVE EVOLVED WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION OF AN
INTELLIGENT DESIGNER IS
( )

Intelligent design

( )

Theistic evolution

( )

Progressive creationism

( )

Abiogenesis

100.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDY OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS WAS INITIATED BY

( )

Z. Freud

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

R. Descartes

( )

N. Malebranche

101.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THESIS MIND IS IMMANENT, SPONTANEOUS AND MAY BE

CONCEIVED ONLY IN ITSELF AND BY ITSELF IS POSTULATED BY
( )

Occasionalism

( )

Reductionism

( )

Idealism

( )

Hylozoism

102.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IN PHILOSOPHY THE "MIND-BODY" PROBLEM WAS FORMULATED

BY
( )

J. Locke

( )

N. Malebranche

( )

I. Kant

( )

R. Descartes

103.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE OF PRE-ESTABLISHED HARMONY WAS
POSTULATED BY

( )

John Watson

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

C. Vogt

( )

Z. Freud

104.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MENTAL PHENOMENA EMERGE ONLY ON THE BASIS OF
PERCEPTIONS AND REFLECTIONS, ACCORDING TO THE
VIEWPOINT OF:

( )

Hylozoism

( )

Theory of reflection

( )

Behaviorism

( )

Identity theory

105.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

SUCH THINGS AS MEMORY, PERCEPTIONS, SENSATIONS,
INTELLECT ARE COVERED BY THE TERM

( )

unconsciousness

( )

mind

( )

reason

( )

intellect

106.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH USED BY R. DESCARTES IN HIS

SOLUTION OF THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM WAS
( )

dualistic

( )

materialistic

( )

idealistic

( )

monistic

107.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THOUGHTS ARE RELATED TO MIND LIKE BILE IS RELATED TO

LIVER, A SORT OF MATERIAL SUBSTANCE, ASSERTS

( )

Vulgar materialism

( )

Theory of reflection

( )

Eliminative materialism

( )

Interactionalism

108.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IDEA OF OCCASIONALISM WAS POSTULATED BY

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

N. Malebranche

( )

R. Descartes

( )

St. Augustine

109.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IN FREUDS TERMINOLOGY, THE DEEPEST AND OLDEST LAYER

OF HUMAN MIND WHICH IS UNAWARE OF OTHER LAYERS,
LOGIC AND REASONING, UNOBSERVANT OF THE PERCEIVED
WORLD IS CALLED
( )

superego

( )

id

( )

libido

( )

ego

110.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE KNOWLEDGE OF ONES MENTAL SELF AND PERSONAL

IDENTIFICATION IS TRADITIONALLY DEFINED AS
( )

self-evaluation

( )

self-criticism

( )

self-consciousness

( )

self-estimation

111.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE ACCORDING TO WHICH MAN

CANNOT KNOW THE EXISTENCE OF ANYTHING BEYOND THE
PHENOMENA OF HIS EXPERIENCE IS
( )

Rationalism

( )

Pragmatism

( )

Empiticism

( )

Agnosticism

112.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE WORDS KNOWLEDGE IS POWER BELONG TO

( )

I. Kant

( )

D. Hume

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Fr. Bacon

113.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A MENTAL OPERATION OF AFFIRMING OR DENYING SOMETHING

BY ESTABLISHING THE RELATIONS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE
CONCEPTS IS CALLED
( )

idea

( )

judgment

( )

symbol

( )

concept

114.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE ACCORDING TO WHICH THE

ULTIMATE GOAL OF COGNITION CAN BE ATTAINED ONLY BY
REASON IS
( )

Empiticism

( )

Pragmatism

( )

Agnosticism

( )

Rationalism

115.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE WORDS "COGITO ERGO SUM" BELONG TO

( )

J. Locke

( )

G. Berkeley

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Fr. Bacon

116.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE INITIAL FORM OF EMPIRICAL COGNITION IS

( )

hypothesis

( )

law

( )

fact

( )

idea

117.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO SAID THAT HUMAN REASON DOES NOT ADD

ABSOLUTELY NOTHING TO THE PRESENT SENSATIONS WAS
( )

D. Hume

( )

Fr. Bacon

( )

J. Locke

( )

R. Descartes

118.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A COMPLETE, FINAL AND IMMUTABLE KNOWLEDGE IS

( )

an objective truth

( )

a relative truth

( )

a concrete truth

( )

an absolute truth

119.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PRAGMATISM IDENTIFIES THE NATURE OF TRUTH WITH THE

PRINCIPLE OF
( )

verification

( )

action

( )

reflection

( )

reality

120.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE POWER OR FACULTY OF ATTAINING TO DIRECT

KNOWLEDGE OR COGNITION WITHOUT EVIDENT RATIONAL
THOUGHT AND INFERENCE IS DEFINED AS
( )

induction

( )

intuition

( )

thinking

( )

deduction

121.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ACT OF REVEALING OR COMMUNICATING DIVINE TRUTH IS

CALLED
( )

identification

( )

revelation

( )

synthesis

( )

analysis

122.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE WORDS HISTORY AND CULTURE ARE MAN-MADE BELONG

TO
( )

Ch. Pierce

( )

J. B. Vico

( )

R. Descartes

( )

W. James

123.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEORY ACCORDING TO WHICH TRUTH IS HISTORICALLY

AND CULTURALLY SPECIFIC IS
( )

the Constructivist theory

( )

the Coherence theory

( )

The Correspondence theory

( )

the Consensus theory

124.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ABSOLUTE TRUTH EXISTS

( )

in philosophy

( )

in religion

( )

in science

( )

in medicine

125.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT A JUDGMENT IS SAID TO BE TRUE WHEN IT

CONFORMS TO THE EXTERNAL REALITY BELONGS TO
( )

Plato

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

St. Anselm

( )

Aristotle

126.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

W. JAMES AND J. DEWEY DEVELOPED

( )

the Consensus theory of truth

( )

the Pragmatic theory of truth

( )

the Coherence theory of truth

( )

the Correspondence theory of truth

127.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA THAT COMPLEX ORGANISMS ARE FORMED AS A

RESULT OF ACCIDENTAL UNITY OF SEPARATE OF MORE SIMPLE
ORGANISMS BELONGS TO
( )

Aristotle

( )

Empedocles

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Anaximander

128.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THEORY OF ADAPTATION OR SOFT INHERITANCE BELONGS

TO
( )

A. Weismann

( )

K. Linnaeus

( )

Aristotle

( )

J.-B. Lamarck

129.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ARISTOTLE DEFINES MAN AS

( )

cultural animal

( )

religious animal

( )

political animal

( )

economic animal

130.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CONCLUSION IF MAN MULTIPLIES MORE RAPIDLY THAN

HIS FOOD SUPPLY, COMPETITION FOR EXISTENCE WOULD
RESULT BELONGS TO
( )

Th. Morgan

( )

J. Huxley

( )

H. de Vries

( )

Th. Malthus

131.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE THESIS INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS

WAS EXPERIMENTALLY REJECTED BY
( )

Th. Malthus

( )

K. Linnaeus

( )

A. Weismann

( )

J.L.L. Buffon

132.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

GEOLOGIST WHOSE BOOK "THE PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY"

INFLUENCED MUCH ON
CH. DARWIN WAS
( )

J. Huxley

( )

Ch. Lyell

( )

Th. Malthus

( )

A. Weismann

133.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

BIOLOGIST WHO CONSIDERED THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN

HUMANS AND APES, BUT ULTIMATELY REJECTED THE
POSSIBILITY OF A COMMON DESCENT WAS
( )

J.L.L. Buffon

( )

J-B. Lamarck

( )

J. Huxley

( )

Linnaeus

134.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY WAS FORMED PRIMARILY BY

THE
( )

Frenchphilosophers

( )

Greek philosophers

( )

Italian philosophers

( )

German philosophers

135.

FIND A MISTAKE:

THE MAIN APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF DISCRIMINATION

MAN FROM ANIMALS ARE
( )

Philosophical

( )

Biochemical

( )

Biological

( )

Religious

136.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO REDUCED THE ESSENCE OF MAN TO HIS

POLITICAL ACTIVITY WAS
( )

Plato

( )

Socrates

( )

Aristotle

( )

Democritus

137.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DEFINITION GIVEN TO MAN BY K. LINNAEUS WAS

( )

Homo loquens

( )

Homo politicus

( )

Homo faber

( )

Homo sapiens

138.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO DISTINGUISHED BETWEEN THE TERMS A

MAN AND A PERSON WAS
( )

B. Franklin

( )

J. Locke

( )

J. Herder

( )

M. de Montaigne

139.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO DEFINED MAN AS DEFENSELESS,
UNPROTECTED, DEVOID OF ANIMAL INSTINCTS WAS

( )

A. Gehlen

( )

M. Scheler

( )

V. Frankl

( )

J. Heisinga

140.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MAN IS A SYMBOL MAKING ANIMAL ACCORDING TO

( )

P. della Mirandola

( )

M. de Montaigne

( )

E. Cassirer

( )

A. Gehlen

141.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO SAID THAT MAN CAN THINK ABOUT
HIMSELF AS THE UNIQUE I, WAS

( )

M. de Montaigne

( )

B. Franklin

( )

A. Gehlen

( )

P. della Mirandola

142.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO J. HERDER MAN

( )

is the only animal capable of language

( )

is a symbol making animal

( )

is a moral being

( )

is a toolmaking animal

143.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA THAT MAN WAS CREATED BY GOD WITHOUT A

CERTAIN FORM BUT WITH THE ABILITY TO MAKE HIMSELF
WHAT HE IS, WAS FORMULATED BY
( )

M. de Montaigne

( )

A. Gehlen

( )

E. Cassirer

( )

P. della Mirandola

144.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN DEFINED MAN AS

( )

a symbol making animal

( )

a suffering man

( )

a playing man

( )

a toolmaking animal

145.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

J. HEISINGA DEFINES MAN AS

( )

Homo amans

( )

Homo faber

( )

Homo loquens

( )

Homo ludens

146.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM ANTHROPOLOGY WAS FIRST USED BY

( )

J. G. Frazer

( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

E.B. Tylor

( )

M. Hundt

147.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A PIECE OF WRITING ABOUT A PEOPLE AT A PARTICULAR PLACE

AND TIME IS CALLED
( )

Social Anthropology

( )

Ethnography

( )

Cultural Anthropology

( )

Ethnology

148.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDY OF SOCIAL GROUPS AND INSTITUTIONS IS THE

SUBJECT MATTER OF
( )

Cultural Anthropology

( )

Ethnography

( )

Comparative Mythology

( )

Social Anthropology

149.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FORMS OF HUMAN CULTURE AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN

LANGUAGE, RELIGION AND ARTS, EVERYDAY LIFE AND
PRACTICE ARE STUDIED BY
( )

Cultural Anthropology

( )

Ethnography

( )

Social Anthropology

( )

Comparative Mythology

150.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

SYMBOLS AND VALUES ARE STUDIED BY

( )

Social Anthropology

( )

Comparative Mythology

( )

Ethnography

( )

Cultural Anthropology

151.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY IS

( )

ethnocentrism

( )

personality

( )

culture

( )

sociality

152.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY IS
( )

culture

( )

ethnocentrism

( )

sociality

( )

cultural relativism

153.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANTHROPOLOGIST WHO PROCLAIMED THAT HUMAN BELIEF

PROGRESSED THROUGH THREE STAGES (PRIMITIVE MAGIC,
REPLACED BY RELIGION, IN TURN REPLACED BY SCIENCE), WAS
( )

L.H. Morgan

( )

Fr. Boas

( )

J. G. Frazer

( )

Br. Malinowski

154.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE "FATHER OF AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY AND "THE
FATHER OF MODERN ANTHROPOLOGY WAS
( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

E.B. Tylor

( )

Fr. Boas

( )

J. G. Frazer

155.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE VIEW THAT ONE CAN ONLY UNDERSTAND ANOTHER

PERSON'S BELIEFS AND BEHAVIORS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
CULTURE IN WHICH HE OR SHE LIVED OR LIVES, IS CALLED

( )

europocentrism

( )

cultural relativism

( )

ethnocentrism

( )

political relativism

156.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE VIEW THAT ONE'S ETHNIC OR CULTURAL GROUP IS

CENTRALLY IMPORTANT, AND THAT ALL OTHER GROUPS ARE
MEASURED IN RELATION TO ONE'S OWN IS CALLED
( )

cultural relativism

( )

ethnocentrism

( )

europocentrism

( )

political relativism

157.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANTHROPOLOGIST WHO PROCLAIMED THAT SIMILARITIES

BETWEEN DIFFERENT CULTURAL GROUPS MEANT THAT THEY
HAD PASSED THROUGH THE SAME STAGES OF CULTURAL
EVOLUTION WAS
( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

L.H. Morgan

( )

E.B. Tylor

( )

A. Radcliffe-Brown

158.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANTHROPOLOGIST WHO EMPHASISED THE IMPORTANCE OF

DETAILED PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION AND ARGUED THAT
ANTHROPOLOGISTS MUST HAVE DAILY CONTACT WITH THEIR
INFORMANTS WAS
( )

I. Kant

( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

J. G. Frazer

( )

Fr. Boas

159.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE WORDS CIVILIZATION IS NOT SOMETHING ABSOLUTE, BUT
IS RELATIVE, AND OUR IDEAS AND CONCEPTIONS ARE TRUE
ONLY SO FAR AS OUR CIVILIZATION GOES BELONG TO
( )

L.H. Morgan

( )

E. Cassirer

( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

Fr. Boas

160.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF DIFFUSIONISM
( )

all societies passed through a singleevolutionary process

all cultures originated from one culture or from a small number of

cultures
( )

( )

all cultures must be studied as parts of a single history of mankind

( )

all societies passed through the same stages of cultural evolution

161.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BOOK PRIMITIVE CULTURE WAS WRITTEN BY

( )

Br. Malinowski

( )

J. G. Frazer

( )

M. Hundt

( )

E.B. Tylor

162.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE ACCORDING TO WHICH ALL SOCIETIES PASSED

THROUGH A SINGLE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS, FROM THE MOST
PRIMITIVE TO THE MOST ADVANCED IS
( )

Diffusionism

( )

Multyculturalism

( )

Monoculturalism

( )

Unilinealism

163.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE VIEW THAT EACH CULTURE SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD AND
APPRECIATED IN TERMS OF ITSELF IS CALLED
( )

cultural relativism

( )

cultural evolution

( )

cultural positivism

( )

cultural selection

164.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CONCEPT OF A CULTURE COMPLEX THAT DEVELOPS FROM

A CENTRE OF ORIGIN AND SPREADS OVER LARGE AREAS OF
THE WORLD IS
( )

acculturation

( )

"ethnocentrism"

( )

Kulturkreis

( )

diffusion

165.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURE FROM SIMPLER
TO MORE COMPLEX FORMS IS DEFINED AS
( )

cultural evolution

( )

cultural selection

( )

natural selection

( )

natural evolution

166.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PROCESSES OF CHANGE IN ARTIFACTS, CUSTOMS, AND

BELIEFS THAT RESULT FROM THE CONTACT OF SOCIETIES WITH
DIFFERENT CULTURAL TRADITIONS ARE CALLED
( )

acculturation

( )

evolution

( )

diffusion

( )

assimilation

167.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PROCESS WHEREBY INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS OF
DIFFERING ETHNIC HERITAGE ARE ABSORBED INTO THE
DOMINANT CULTURE OF A SOCIETY IS DEFINED AS

( )

adaptation

( )

ecological change

( )

assimilation

( )

environmental change

168.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

AMONG THE FOLLOWING THE ANTHROPOLOGIST-DIFFUSIONIST

WAS
( )

L.H. Morgan

( )

P. Ricoeur

( )

Fr. Graebner

( )

E.B. Tylor

169.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM CULTURE WAS INTRODUCED TO PHILOSOPHICAL

LANGUAGE BY
( )

Plato

( )

Galen

( )

Aristofanes

( )

Cicero

170.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TYPE OF CULTURE THAT PROMOTES THE ROLE OF
INDIVIDUALS AS CONSUMERS IS DEFINED AS

( )

Counterculture

( )

Subculture

( )

Mass culture

( )

High culture

171.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE UNIT WITHIN THE LARGER CULTURE WHICH HAS NORMS

AND VALUES WHICH ARE IN CONFLICT WITH THE DOMINANT
CULTURE IS CALLED
( )

Subculture

( )

High culture

( )

Counterculture

( )

Mass culture

172.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES WAS INTRODUCED TO

SCIENCE BY
( )

Daniel Bell

( )

Saint-Simon

( )

Alvin Toffler

( )

Karl Marks

173.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

SOCIOLOGY DEFINES SOCIETY AS A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH

COMMON
( )

territory, politics, and economy

( )

territory, interaction, and culture

( )

territory, economy, and culture

( )

territory, interaction, and politics

174.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE WHO DO NOT INTERACT BUT WHO

SHARE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS IS CALLED
( )

a social aggregation

( )

a social category

( )

a social group

( )

a social association

175.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE WHO INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER

AND SHARE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS AND A SENSE OF UNITY
IS
( )

a social association

( )

a social aggregation

( )

a social category

( )

a social group

176.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IS CALLED

( )

the second social revolution

( )

the second cultural revolution

( )

the first social revolution

( )

the first cultural revolution

177.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

LABOR DIVISION IS BASED ON SEX IN

( )

Feudal society

( )

Post- Industrial society

( )

Hunting-gathering society

( )

Industrial society

178.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SECOND SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS CAUSED BY

( )

the invention of the bow and arrow

( )

the gender division

( )

the labor division

( )

the invention of the plow

179.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A FORM OF SOCIETY BASED ON OWNERSHIP OF LAND IS

( )

feudal

( )

industrial

( )

pastoral

( )

horticultural

180.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BOOK THE THIRD WAVE WAS WRITTEN BY

( )

Alvin Toffler

( )

Ludwig Feuerbach

( )

Daniel Bell

( )

Karl Marks

181.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION IS FOCUSED ON
PRODUCING THEIR MEANS OF SURVIVAL IN

( )

pre-industrial society

( )

industrial society

( )

information society

( )

postindustrial society

182.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A PROCESS OF THE TRANSFIGURATION OF WORLDWIDE
DIVERSITY INTO A PANDEMIC WESTERNIZED CONSUMER
CULTURE IS CALLED

( )

globalization

( )

ethnocentrism

( )

multiculturalism

( )

socialization

183.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IN HUNTING-GATHERING SOCIETIES THE PRIMARY INSTITUTION

WAS
( )

individual

( )

family

( )

church

( )

state

184.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A SOCIETY WHICH RELIES ON THE DOMESTICATION AND
BREEDING OF ANIMALS FOR FOOD IS CALLED

( )

a feudal society

( )

an post-industrial society

( )

an industrial society

( )

a pastoral society

185.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CONCEPT OF POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY WAS FIRST
FORMULATED BY

( )

Karl Marks

( )

Daniel Bell

( )

Alvin Toffler

( )

Ch. Pierce

186.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ESSENTIALLY EMPIRICAL METHOD, BASED ON

OBSERVATION OF FACTS AS A MEANS OF STUDYING AND
INTERPRETING NATURAL PHENOMENA WAS FORMULATED BY
( )

Aristotle

( )

Fr. Bacon

( )

Galileo

( )

R. Descartes

187.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC METHOD WORKED OUT BY R.

DESCARTES WAS
( )

analysis

( )

induction

( )

deduction

( )

synthesis

188.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE METHOD OF INFERENCE IN WHICH A SIMILARITY BETWEEN

TWO OR MORE THINGS IS INFERRED FROM A KNOWN
SIMILARITY BETWEEN THEM IN OTHER RESPECTS IS
( )

induction

( )

deduction

( )

analogy

( )

analysis

189.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE EXPRESSION OF ANY TROUBLE IN THE PROCESS OF
SCIENTIFIC COGNITION IS

( )

a problem

( )

a theory

( )

a question

( )

a hypothesis

190.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

OBSERVATION IS THE ONLY POSSIBLE METHOD OF
INVESTIGATION IN

( )

biology

( )

physics

( )

astronomy

( )

cybernetics

191.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE METHOD OF DECOMPOSITION OF THE WHOLE INTO ITS

PARTS IS
( )

induction

( )

analysis

( )

analogy

( )

deduction

192.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE EXAMINATION OF OBJECTS THROUGH THE SENSORY
CHANNELS OF THE SCIENTIST IS:

( )

deduction

( )

observation

( )

experimentation

( )

induction

193.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS THE CLEAN DESCRIPTION OF THE

SENSE EXPERIENCE ACCORDING TO

( )

Pragmatism

( )

Positivism

( )

Conventionalism

( )

Existentialism

194.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER

THE METHOD OF THE DISPROVING A SCIENTIFIC THEORY
ACCORDING TO K. POPPER IS

( )

falsification

( )

induction

( )

verification

( )

deduction

195.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER

THE FOUNDER OF POSITIVISM WAS
( )

August Comte

( )

Paul Feyerabend

( )

Karl Popper

( )

Rene Descartes

196.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER

POSITIVISM REJECTS

( )

astrophysics

( )

metaphysics

( )

physics

( )

biophysics

197.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER

LOGICAL POSITIVISM DEMANDS TO DEMARCATE THE SCIENCE

AND
( )

physics

( )

astrophysics

( )

biophysics

( )

metaphysics

198.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO SAID THAT "YOU CANNOT STEP TWICE INTO

THE SAME RIVER WAS
( )

Heraclitus

( )

Xenofanes

( )

Parmenides

( )

Protagoras

199.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE UNDERLYING SUBSTANCE OF THE UNIVERSE, FOR
HERACLITUS, IS

( )

earth

( )

air

( )

water

( )

fair

200.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO HELD THAT ALL OF REALITY IS A SINGLE,

UNDIFFERENTIATED, AND UNCHANGING THING WAS
( )

Anaximander

( )

Parmenides

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Protagoras

201.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHER WAS

( )

Aristotle

( )

Plato

( )

Socrates

( )

Pythagoras

202.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHER WHO IDENTIFIED THE WORLD

WITH AN ONGOING PROCESS WAS
( )

Empedocles

( )

Xenofanes

( )

Heraclitus

( )

Tales

203.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ELEATIC PHILOSOPHER WAS

( )

Protagoras

( )

Socrates

( )

Plato

( )

Zeno

204.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA THAT MEN MADE THEIR GODS IN THEIR OWN IMAGE
BELONGS TO
( )

Xenofanes

( )

Heraclitus

( )

Aristotle

( )

Anaximenes

205.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FIRST GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO PLACED REASON IN

OPPOSITION TO OPINION WAS
( )

Protagoras

( )

Parmenides

( )

Democritus

( )

Aristotle

206.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE GREEK TERM FOR OPINION, AS OPPOSED TO KNOWLEDGE,

IS
( )

doxa

( )

elencus

( )

dialectic

( )

arete

207.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FIRST PHILOSOPHER WHO BROUGHT PHILOSOPHY FROM

IONIA TO ATHENS WAS
( )

Anaxagoras

( )

Thales

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Socrates

208.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO DEMOCRITUS, NATURE EXISTS ONLY OF TWO

THINGS, NAMELY ATOMS AND
( )

matter

( )

void

( )

chaos

( )

consciousness

209.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANAXAGORAS PROCLAIMS THAT THE ORDERING PRINCIPLE

WHICH CAUSES MOTION IS
( )

matter

( )

Nous (cosmic intelligence)

( )

chaos

( )

Logos (reason)

210.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MILESIAN PHILOSOPHERS PRESENTED A VIEW OF NATURE

IN TERMS OF
( )

physicalism

( )

categorical imperative

( )

observable entities

( )

abstract thinking

211.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE COMMON NAME GIVEN BY ARISTOTLE TO PRESOCRATICS

WAS
( )

The Investigators of Knowledge

( )

The Dark philosophers

( )

The Founders of Logic

( )

The Investigators of Nature

212.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDENT OF SOCRATES WAS

( )

Plato

( )

Aristotle

( )

Hippocrates

( )

Socrates

213.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO DID NOT WRITE NOTHING WAS

( )

Hippias

( )

Aristotle

( )

Gorgias

( )

Socrates

214.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE METHOD OF FINDING OUT ANSWERS BY CONSTANT
QUESTIONING WAS APPLIED BY

( )

Socrates

( )

Aristotle

( )

Parmenides

( )

Aristophanes

215.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MOST OF WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT SOCRATES PHILOSOPHY

CAME FROM THE WRITINGS OF
( )

Anaxinenes

( )

Empedocles

( )

Aristotle

( )

Plato

216.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

FOR PLATO, THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH IS OBTAINED ONLY BY

OUR SENSE-EXPERIENCE IS
( )

mere belief or opinion

( )

hypothesis

( )

truth

( )

merely fiction or illusion

217.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

FOR PLATO, THE VISIBLE WORLD IS ONLY A REFLECTION OF THE

INTELLIGIBLE WORLD OF
( )

Ideas

( )

Material things

( )

Mind

( )

Logos

218.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO SUGGESTED THAT

KNOWLEDGE IS INNATE OR REMEMBERED WAS
( )

Hippocrates

( )

Plato

( )

Socrates

( )

Aristotle

219.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT ALL MEN BY NATURE DESIRE TO KNOW

BELONGS TO
( )

Democritus

( )

Heraclitus

( )

Aristotle

( )

Socrates

220.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL LYCEUM WAS FOUNDED BY

( )

Aristotle

( )

Parmenidus

( )

Anaximenes

( )

Plato

221.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE AUTHOR OF "THE CANNON OF MEDICINE" WAS

( )

Aristotle

( )

Avicenna

( )

Hippocrates

( )

Galen

222.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDER OF MATERIALISM WAS

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Plato

( )

Democritus

( )

J. Lock

223.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FOUNDER OF OBJECTIVE IDEALISM WAS

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Protagoras

( )

K. Marx

( )

Plato

224.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A PHILOSOPHICAL MATERIALIST IS SOMEONE WHO CLAIMS

THAT
( )

nothing exists apart from minds and the "contents" of minds

( )

nothing is present to the human mind except perceptions

( )

the reality of the outside world is contingent on a knower

( )

only physical matter exists, minds are merely manifestations of matter

225.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

TO DETERMINE THE OBJECTIVE REALITY THAT EXISTS

INDEPENDENTLY OF CONSCIOUSNESS PHILOSOPHY APPLIES THE
CONCEPT OF
( )

consciousness

( )

matter

( )

mind

( )

substance

226.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE ACCORDING TO WHICH THE LIFE WAS CREATED

BY A SUPERNATURAL BEING IN A DEFINITE TIME IS

( )

materialism

( )

evolution

( )

idealism

( )

creationism

227.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THOSE WHO BELIEVED THAT GOD CREATED ALL FORMS OF LIFE

ON EARTH ARE
( )

creationists

( )

philosophers

( )

atheists

( )

scientists

228.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM ABIOGENESIS WAS FIRST COINED BY

( )

L. Pasteur

( )

N. Oparin

( )

Fr. Redi

( )

Th. Huxley

229.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

METAPHYSICAL DUALISM ARGUES THAT THE TWO SUBSTANCES

NAMELY, MATTER AND CONSCIOUSNESS CANNOT BE
EXPLAINED
( )

in terms of religion

( )

in terms of science

( )

in terms of metaphysics

( )

in terms of one another

230.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

DETERMINISM IS THE DOCTRINE WHICH

( )

holds that all existing things consist of atoms

( )

holds that matter is the primary substance

denies the objective causality and the validity of causal explanation of

events
( )

postulates that every fact or event in the universe is caused by previous

facts or events
( )

231.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CENTRAL STATE QUESTION IN PHILOSOPHY CONSIDERS

( )

the problem of the relationship between man and society

( )

the problem of the relationship between matter and consciousness

( )

the problem of the social values

( )

the problem of the essence of life

232.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

NOTHING IS PRESENT TO THE HUMAN MIND EXCEPT
PERCEPTIONS ACCORDING TO

( )

Materialism

( )

Dualism

( )

Rationalism

( )

Empiricism

233.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE METHOD OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE THROUGH

SYSTEMATIC DOUBT AND CONTINUAL TESTING IS
( )

dualism

( )

skepticism

( )

agnosticism

( )

rationalism

234.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO DEFINED THE MIND AS TABULA RASA WAS

( )

R. Descartes

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

J. Locke

( )

N. Chomsky

235.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

KNOWLEDGE IS THE CENTRAL CONCEPT OF

( )

Theology

( )

Epistemology

( )

Axiology

( )

Ontology

236.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT NO MAN'S KNOWLEDGE HERE CAN GO
BEYOND HIS EXPERIENCE IS TRUE ACCORDING TO

( )

Relativism

( )

Agnosticism

( )

Rationalism

( )

Empiricism

237.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHILOSOPHER- RATIONALIST AMONG THE FOLLOWING WAS

( )

Gottfried Leibniz

( )

David Hume

( )

Francis Bacon

( )

George Berkeley

238.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

KNOWLEDGE WHICH COME AFTER EXPERIENCE OR IS
DEPENDENT ON EXPERIENCE CAN BE DEFINED AS

( )

a posteriori

( )

opinion

( )

a priori

( )

belief

239.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

KNOWLEDGE WHICH IS NOT DEPENDENT ON THE SENSEEXPERIENCE CAN BE DEFINED AS

( )

perseption

( )

a priori

( )

a posteriori

( )

opinion

240.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO DESCARTES AN EXISTENT THING WHICH
REQUIRES NOTHING BUT ITSELF IN ORDER TO EXIST IS

( )

Substance

( )

Mind

( )

Spirit

( )

Idea

241.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STATEMENT THAT MENTAL STATES CANNOT BE REDUCED

TO OR EXPLAINED IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL STATES IS TRUE
ACCORDING TO
( )

Fideism

( )

Pantheism

( )

Occasionalism

( )

Idealism

242.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT THE MIND AND THE BODY ARE TWO
ENTIRELY DIFFERENT TYPES OF THING WAS DEVELOPED BY
( )

J. Watson

( )

R. Descartes

( )

C. Vogt

( )

G. Fechner

243.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MIND IS A THINKING THING(RES COGITANS) ACCORDING

TO
( )

R. Descartes

( )

J. Watson

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

N. Malebranche

244.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO DESCARTES SOLUTION OF THE MIND-BODY

PROBLEM THE ATTRIBUTE OF A PHYSICAL BODY IS
( )

perception

( )

thinking

( )

mass

( )

extension

245.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MIND AND THE BODY, WHILE BEING ONTOLOGICALLY

DISTINCT SUBSTANCES, CAUSALLY INTERACT IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE DOCTRINE OF
( )

Behaviorism

( )

Vulgar materialism

( )

Physicalism

( )

Cartesian dualism

246.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

CARTESIAN VIEW ON THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM WAS

( )

Materialistic

( )

Idealistic

( )

Dualistic

( )

behavioristic

247.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT THE MIND AND THE BODY ARE BOTH
ENTIRELY PHYSICAL WAS DEVELOPED BY

( )

Panpsychism

( )

Idealism

( )

Physicalism

( )

Solipsism

248.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

"THE MIND IS THE BRAIN IS TRUE ACCORDING TO

( )

Objective idealism

( )

Subjective idealism

( )

Pluralistic theory of mind

( )

Identity theory of mind

249.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BEHAVIORISTS ARE THOSE WHO HOLD THAT ALL WE KNOW

ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE'S MINDS WE KNOW FROM
( )

what they think

( )

what they perceive

( )

what they believe

( )

what they do

250.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHRASE THOUGHTS ISSUE FROM THE BRAIN JUST AS GALL

IS PRODUCED BY THE LIVER OR URINE BY THE KIDNEYS
BELONGS TO
( )

J. Watson

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

G. Fechner

( )

C. Vogt

251.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE WHICH DESCRIBES THE MENTAL EVENTS IN

TERMS OF STIMULUS AND RESPONSE IS
( )

Occasionalism

( )

Panpsychism

( )

Behaviorism

( )

Cartesianism

252.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BEHAVIORIST AMONG THE FOLLOWING IS

( )

C. Vogt

( )

J. Watson

( )

G. Leibniz

( )

R. Descartes

253.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CLAIM THAT IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY THE MENTAL
LANGUAGE SHOULD BE REPLACED BY THE PHYSICAL
LANGUAGE BELONGS TO

( )

Dualism

( )

Eliminative materialism

( )

Vulgar materialism

( )

Idealism

254.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM MAINTAINS THAT

( )

mental phenomena dont exists at all

( )

there is no causal interaction between mind and body

( )

there is causal interaction between mind and body

( )

mental phenomena emerge only on the bases of reflections

255.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE WHICH MAINTAINS THAT THERE IS CAUSAL

INTERACTION BETWEEN MIND AND BODY IS CALLED
( )

Psychophysical parallelism

( )

Interactioniosm

( )

Identity theory of mind

( )

Occasionalism

256.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

NICHOLAS MALEBRANCHE ASSERTS THAT

( )

mental phenomena dont exists at all

( )

mental phenomena emerge only on the bases of reflections

( )

the interaction of mind and body is due to mediation of God

( )

there is no causal interaction between mind and body

257.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

G. LEIBNIZ MAINTAINS THAT

( )

mental phenomena emerge only on the bases of reflections

bodily and mental events happen simultaneously because it was preestablished by God
( )

( )

mental phenomena dont exists at all

( )

the interaction of mind and body is due to mediation of God

258.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO DESCARTES TERMINOLOGY THE CONCEPT "RES

EXTENSA" MEANS
( )

matter

( )

mass

( )

thinking

( )

mind

259.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ONE OF THE THREE BRANCHES OF ETHICS IS

( )

Bioethics

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Metaethics

( )

Metaphisics

260.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM ETHICS COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD "ETHOS",

WHICH MEANS
( )

character

( )

value

( )

goodness

( )

worthy

261.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE MEANING OF MORAL TERMS OR JUDGMENTS IS STUDIED

BY

( )

Bioethics

( )

Normative ethics

( )

Metaethics

( )

Applied ethics

262.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM ETHICS WAS COINED BY

( )

Plato

( )

Aristotle

( )

Democritus

( )

Socrates

263.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BRANCH OF PHOLSOPHY DEALING WITH THE

SYSTEMATIZING, DEFENDING AND RECOMMENDING CONCEPTS
OF RIGHT AND WRONG CONDUCT IS
( )

Metaphisics

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Axiology

( )

Ethics

264.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE NATURE OF MORAL VALUES IS DISCUSSED BY

( )

Normative ethics

( )

Metaethics

( )

Applied ethics

( )

Bioethics

265.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

METAETHICS STUDIES

( )

the meaning of epistemological concepts

( )

the nature of beauty

( )

the nature of reality

( )

the meaning of moral terms and judgments

266.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANCIENT GREEK PHYSICIAN AND PHILOSOPHER WHO DENIED

THE OBJECTIVE STATUS OF MORAL VALUES WAS
( )

Menecrates of Syracuse

( )

Sextus Empiricus

( )

Nicomachus

( )

Xenofanes

267.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A PHILOSOPHICAL DOCTRINE WHICH ASSERTS THAT THERE IS

NO ABSOLUTE MORAL LAW THAT APPLIES TO ALL PEOPLE, FOR
ALL TIME, AND IN ALL PLACES IS
( )

Theism

( )

Fetishism

( )

Moral relativism

( )

Moral positivism

268.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

METAETHICAL MORAL RELATIVISM ASSERTS THAT

( )

moral judgments are the religious judgments

( )

truth or falsity of moral judgments is objective and universal

( )

moral judgments are absolute

( )

truth or falsity of moral judgments is not objective or universal

269.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA THAT DIFFERENT CULTURES HAVE DIFFERENT MORAL

STANDARDS IS TRUE ACCORDING TO
( )

Metaethical Moral Relativism

( )

Normative Relativism

( )

Prescriptive Relativism

( )

Descriptive Moral Relativism

270.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CLIME THAT WE OUGHT TO TOLERATE THE BEHAVIOR OF

OTHERS EVEN WHEN IT RUNS COUNTER TO OUR CULTURAL
MORAL STANDARDS IS
( )

Descriptive Moral Relativism

( )

Prescriptive Relativism

( )

Normative Relativism

( )

Metaethical Moral Relativism

271.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM MAINTAINS THAT

( )

pleasure is the specific driving force behind all of our actions

( )

some of our actions are motivated by instinctive benevolence

( )

self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions

( )

the only intrinsic good is pleasure

272.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE IDEA OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM WAS DEVELOPED BY

( )

Josef Butler

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

Immanuel Kant

( )

Karl Marx

273.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE WHICH MAINTAINS THAT PLEASURE IS THE

SPECIFIC DRIVING FORCE BEHIND ALL OF OUR ACTIONS IS
( )

Psychological Altruism

( )

Psychological Asceticism

( )

Psychological Egoism

( )

Psychological Hedonism

274.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO MAINTAINS THAT THE

ONLY INTRINSIC GOOD IS PLEASURE WAS
( )

Empedocles

( )

Menecrates of Syracuse

( )

Aristippus of Cyrene

( )

Epicurus

275.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRINCIPLE OR PRACTICE OF CONCERN FOR THE WELFARE

OF OTHERS IS
( )

Psychological Hedonism

( )

Psychological Altruism

( )

Psychological Normativism

( )

Psychological Egoism

276.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PSYCHOLOGICAL ALTRUISM MAINTAINS THAT

( )

self-oriented interests ultimately motivate all human actions

( )

pleasure is the specific driving force behind all of our actions

( )

the only intrinsic good is pleasure

( )

some of our actions are motivated by instinctive benevolence

277.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ARISTIPPUS OF CYRENE DEVELOPED THE IDEA OF

( )

Psychological Altruism

( )

Psychological Asceticism

( )

Psychological Egoism

( )

Psychological Hedonism

278.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

JOSEF BUTLER DEVELOPED THE IDEA OF

( )

Psychological Altruism

( )

Psychological Egoism

( )

Psychological Hedonism

( )

Psychological Normativism

279.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

EPICUREANISM IS

( )

a form of Altruism

( )

a form of Asceticism

( )

a form of Egoism

( )

a form of Hedonism

280.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PHILOSOPHICAL TERM WHICH MEANS THE ABSENCE FROM

BODILY PAIN IS
( )

adoxia

( )

doxa

( )

aponia

( )

ataraxia

281.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A SYSTEM OF VALUES AND PRINCIPLES OF CONDUCT IS

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Morality

( )

Ethics

( )

Leadership

282.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE OF ASCETICISM IS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSED TO

( )

Hedonism

( )

Normativism

( )

Egoism

( )

Altruism

283.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT THROUGH RENUNCIATION OF WORLDLY

PLEASURES IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE A HIGH SPIRITUAL OR
INTELLECTUAL STATE IS
( )

Asceticism

( )

Hedonism

( )

Egoism

( )

Altruism

284.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDY OF ETHICAL ACTION IS

( )

Bioethics

( )

Metaethics

( )

Applied ethics

( )

Normative ethics

285.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SECOND NAME OF ETHICS IS

( )

Aesthetics

( )

Bioethics

( )

Philosophy of politics

( )

Philosophy of morality

286.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MORAL VALUES ARE ABSOLUTE TRUTHS FOR

( )

Thrasymachus

( )

Prodicus

( )

Gorgias

( )

Plato

287.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO MAINTAINS THAT MANY OF OUR ACTIONS

ARE PROMPTED BY SELFISH DESIRES IS
( )

A. Comte

( )

J. Butler

( )

M. Weber

( )

Th. Hobbes

288.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SECOND NAME OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SELFLESSNESS IS

( )

Hedonism

( )

Asceticism

( )

Egoism

( )

Altruism

289.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

GREEK PHILOSOPHER WHO MAINTAINS THAT PLEASURE CAN TO

BE OBTAINED BY KNOWLEDGE, FRIENDSHIP AND LIVING A
VIRTUOUS AND TEMPERATE LIFE IS
( )

Pythagoras

( )

Xenofanes

( )

Epicurus

( )

Aristotle

290.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

NORMATIVE ETHICSIS THE STUDY OF

( )

what makes actions right or wrong

( )

what makes people smarter

( )

what makes actions helpful

( )

what makes people healthy

291.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE CENTRAL QUESTION OF NORMATIVE ETHICS IS
DETERMINING

( )

how basic religious values are arrived at and justified

( )

how basic aesthetical standards are arrived at and justified

( )

how basic moral standards are arrived at and justified

( )

how basic living values are arrived at and justified

292.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE OWNER OF THE QUOTE THE MOST PLEASANT LIFE IS ONE

WHERE WE ABSTAIN FROM UNNECESSARY DESIRES AND
ACHIEVE AN INNER TRANQUILITY IS
( )

I. Kant

( )

Epicurus

( )

Plato

( )

K. Marx

293.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

VIRTUE ETHICS IS THE STUDY OF

( )

what makes people healthy

( )

what makes actions helpful

( )

what makes the character traits of people vicious

( )

what makes people smarter

294.

FIND THE MISTAKE:

THE THREE MAJOR APPROACHES TO NORMATIVE ETHICS ARE

( )

Dentological ethics

( )

Virtue ethics

( )

Empiriocriticism

( )

Consequentialism

295.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BRANCH OF ETHICS WHICH FOCUSES ON THE QUESTION OF

WHAT SORT OF PEOPLE WE SHOULD STRIVE TO BE IS
( )

Deontological ethics

( )

Virtue ethics

( )

Pragmatism

( )

Consequentialism

296.

FIND THE MISTAKE:

KEY QUESTIONS WHICH VIRTUE ETHICAL SYSTEMS ASK
INCLUDE

( )

what sort of person do I want to be?

( )

what actions will cultivate the virtues I want to possess?

( )

what actions will cultivate the cognitive abilities?

( )

what virtues are characteristic of the person I want to be?

297.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THOSE WHO DETERMINE THE MORAL VALUE OF AN ACTION

BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF PERSONAL ADVANTAGE CAN BE
CALLED
( )

egoists

( )

utilitarianists

( )

altruists

( )

deontologists

298.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM WHICH DEFINES A SOME SORT OF MORAL
EXCELLENCE OR BENEFICIAL QUALITY IS

( )

happiness

( )

goodness

( )

virtue

( )

benevolence

299.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE AUTHOR OF NICHOMACHEAN ETHICS IS

( )

I. Kant

( )

J.S. Mill

( )

Plato

( )

Aristotle

300.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE FIRST SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF

VIRTUE ETHICS WAS
( )

Nichomachean Ethics

( )

Morality and Ethics

( )

Philosophy and Ethics

( )

Encyclopedia of Ethics

301.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

MEDIEVAL THEOLOGIANS SUPPLEMENTED GREEK LISTS OF

VIRTUES WITH THREE CHRISTIAN THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES,
NAMELY
( )

faith, hope, and charity

( )

faith, hope, and beneficence

( )

faith, hope, and autonomy

( )

faith, hope, and nonmaleficence

302.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO ARGUED THAT OUR MORAL DUTIES ARE

DEFINED BY THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE WAS
( )

Aristotle

( )

R. Descartes

( )

Plato

( )

I. Kant

303.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SECOND NAME OF DUTY ETHICS IS

( )

Axiology

( )

Deontology

( )

Bioethics

( )

Aesthetics

304.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE STUDY OF MORAL DUTY IS

( )

Theosophy

( )

Theology

( )

Deontology

( )

Axiology

305.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

DEONTOLOGY FOCUSES UPON

( )

the actions which a person performs

( )

the virtues which a person cultivates

( )

the abilitieswhich a person possesses

( )

the beliefs which a person possesses

306.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE GREATEST HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST NUMBERS IS

THE PRINCIPLE OF
( )

Ethical Egoism

( )

Pragmatism

( )

Ethical Altruism

( )

Utilitarianism

307.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE SECOND NAME OF UTILITARIANISM IS

( )

Social Egoism

( )

Asceticism

( )

Altruism

( )

Social Hedonism

308.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

VIRTUE IS BASED ON UTILITY ACCORDING TO

( )

Utilitarianism

( )

Bioethics

( )

Duty Ethics

( )

Egoism

309.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PLEASURE AND PAIN DICTATE ALL HUMAN BEHAVIOR
ACCORDING TO

( )

A. Comte

( )

J. Bentham

( )

J. Butler

( )

I. Kant

310.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE QUALITY OF PLEASURES NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED IN

ADDITION TO THE QUANTITY OF PLEASURE ACCORDING TO
( )

J. Bentham

( )

J.St. Mill

( )

J. Locke

( )

J. Butler

311.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

IN MODERN PHILOSOPHY NIHILISM IS MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED

WITH

( )

Fr. Hutcheson

( )

Fr. Nietzsche

( )

J. Bentham

( )

A. Comte

312.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE TERM NIHILISM ORIGINATED FROM THE LATIN WORD

MEANING
( )

nothing

( )

everything

( )

worthy

( )

beauty

313.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE BELIEF WHICH REJECTS THE POSSIBILITY OF ABSOLUTE

MORAL OR ETHICAL VALUES IS SOCIAL
( )

Altruism

( )

Hedonism

( )

Nihilism

( )

Asceticism

314.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE APPLICATION OF NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES TO
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IS

( )

Applied, or Practical Ethics

( )

Virtue ethics

( )

Deontological, or Duty ethics

( )

Metaethics

315.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A FEW ELITE CITIZENS

RULE IS
( )

timocracy

( )

aristocracy

( )

democracy

( )

monarchy

316.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A FORM OF POWER STRUCTURE IN WHICH POLITICAL POWER

EFFECTIVELY RESTS WITH A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE IS
( )

democracy

( )

oligarchy

( )

aristocracy

( )

monarchy

317.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

NATURAL STATE IS THE "WAR OF EVERY MAN AGAINST EVERY

MAN" ACCORDING TO
( )

Karl Marx

( )

Daniel Dennett

( )

Fr. Nietzsche

( )

Thomas Hobbes

318.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

NATURAL STATE IS REGULATED BY NATURAL MORAL LAWS

ACCORDING TO

( )

J. Butler

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

John Locke

( )

Plato

319.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

DISCOURSE ON THE ORIGIN OF INEQUALITY WAS WRITTEN BY

( )

I. Kant

( )

John Locke

( )

Th. Hobbes

( )

J.-J. Rousseau

320.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE PRINCE WAS WRITTEN BY

( )

N. Machiavelli

( )

J.-J. Rousseau

( )

Aristotle

( )

Plato

321.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE BY NATURE MAN IS A

( )

political animal

( )

moral man

( )

moral animal

( )

political man

322.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE LEVIATHAN WAS WRITTEN BY

( )

John Locke

( )

St. Thomas Aquinas

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

J.St. Mill

323.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ORIGINATED IN

( )

Modern Germany

( )

Ancient Rome

( )

Modern France

( )

Ancient Greece

324.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH SOVEREIGNTY IS

ACTUALLY OR NOMINALLY EMBODIED IN A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL
IS
( )

democracy

( )

aristocracy

( )

monarchy

( )

timocracy

325.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A FORM OF STATE WHERE ONLY PROPERTY OWNERS MAY
PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT IS

( )

democracy

( )

timocracy

( )

monarchy

( )

aristocracy

326.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A COMPLETE SET OF FORMAL LEGAL INSTITUTIONS, THAT

CONSTITUTE A GOVERNMENT OR THE STATE IS
( )

a political system

( )

a social system

( )

a business system

( )

an economic system

327.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

GOVERNMENT BY A SINGLE PERSON HAVING UNLIMITED
POWER IS

( )

aristocracy

( )

autocracy

( )

democracy

( )

timocracy

328.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A POLITICAL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE SUPREME POWER LIES IN A

BODY OF CITIZENS WHO CAN ELECT PEOPLE TO REPRESENT
THEM IS
( )

autocracy

( )

monarchy

( )

aristocracy

( )

democracy

329.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A POLITICAL UNIT GOVERNED BY A DEITY IS

( )

monarchy

( )

autocracy

( )

democracy

( )

theocracy

330.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ORGANIZATIONS WHICH CREATE, ENFORCE, AND APPLY

LAWS ARE
( )

social institutions

( )

political parties

( )

political classes

( )

political institutions

331.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE ASSOCIATIONS OF GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE

SAME IDEAS ABOUT THE WAY THE COUNTRY SHOULD BE
GOVERNED CAN BE CALLED
( )

political classes

( )

political parties

( )

social institutions

( )

political institutions

332.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER WHO HELD THAT MAN MUST ENTER INTO A

SOCIAL CONTRACT AND SURRENDER THEIR NATURAL

LIBERTIES TO AN ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGN WAS

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

Karl Marx

( )

Plato

( )

Aristotle

333.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY THAT ADVOCATES STATELESS

SOCIETIES BASED ON NON-HIERARCHICAL FREE ASSOCIATIONS
IS
( )

utilitarianism

( )

socialism

( )

communism

( )

anarchism

334.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

PHILOSOPHER-ANARCHIST AMONG THE FOLLOWING WAS

( )

Thomas Hobbes

( )

Karl Marx

( )

Pierre-Josef Proudhon

( )

Vladimir Lenin

335.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE POLITICAL DOCTRINE WHICH MAINTAIN THAT ALL

HUMANS ARE EQUAL IN FUNDAMENTAL WORTH OF SOCIAL
STATUS IS
( )

anarchism

( )

communism

( )

socialism

( )

egalitarianism

336.

CHOOSE A CORRECT ANSWER:

THE DOCTRINE THAT CONSIDERS INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY TO BE

THE MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL GOAL IS
( )

anarchism

( )

liberalism

( )

communism

( )

egalitarianism

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

129.

130.

131.

132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

141.

142.

143.

144.

145.

146.

147.

148.

149.

150.

151.

152.

153.

154.

155.

156.

157.

158.

159.

160.

161.

162.

163.

164.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.

170.

171.

172.

173.

174.

175.

176.

177.

178.

179.

180.

181.

182.

183.

184.

185.

186.

187.

188.

189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

194.

195.

196.

197.

198.

199.

200.

201.

202.

203.

204.

205.

206.

207.

208.

209.

210.

211.

212.

213.

214.

215.

216.

217.

218.

219.

220.

221.

222.

223.

224.

225.

226.

227.

228.

229.

230.

231.

232.

233.

234.

235.

236.

237.

238.

239.

240.

241.

242.

243.

244.

245.

246.

247.

248.

249.

250.

251.

252.

253.

254.

255.

256.

257.

258.

259.

260.

261.

262.

263.

264.

265.

266.

267.

268.

269.

270.

271.

272.

273.

274.

275.

276.

277.

278.

279.

280.

281.

282.

283.

284.

285.

286.

287.

288.

289.

290.

291.

292.

293.

294.

295.

296.

297.

298.

299.

300.

301.

302.

303.

304.

305.

306.

307.

308.

309.

310.

311.

312.

313.

314.

315.

316.

317.

318.

319.

320.

321.

322.

323.

324.

325.

326.

327.

328.

329.

330.

331.

332.

333.

334.

335.

336.