Joj:yflksf;+;b lgodfjnL, @)&#

k|:tfjgf M g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)$ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u

u/L Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{, a}7ssf]
;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg, cfjZos ;ldltx?sf] u7g ug{ / cGo sfd
sf/jfxL lgoldt Pj+ k|efjsf/L agfpg of] lgodfjnL agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
!=
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] gfd
Joj:yflksf;+;b lgodfjnL, @)&# /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@=
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;
lgodfjnLdf,
-s_ ;+ljwfg eGgfn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ;Demg'
k5{ .
-v_ Joj:yflksf;+;b
eGgfn]
g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bnfO{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-u_ ;efd'v eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
;efd'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ pk;efd'v eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
pk;efd'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-_ dGqL eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqL,
pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHodGqL / ;xfos
dGqL ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ cy{ dGqL eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{
dGqL ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cy{ dGqLsf]
sfd ug{ tf]lsPsf] cGo s'g} dGqL jf
/fHodGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-5_ kbflwsf/L eGgfn] ;efd'v, pk;efd'v,
;efklt, Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj
1

-h_
-em_

-`_
-6_
-7_

-8_

-9_
-0f_

ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf,

Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf,
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj
ug]{
/fhgLlts bnsf ;+;bLo bnsf pkg]tf,
d'Vo ;r]ts, k|d'v ;r]ts, ;lrj, ;r]ts
Pj+ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] dxf;lrj /
;lrjnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
;b:o eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o
;Demg' k5{ .
dxf;lrj eGgfn] oj:yflksf;+;bsf]]
dxf;lrjnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
dxf;lrj cg'kl:yt /x]sf] cj:yfdf
dxf;lrjsf] sfd ug{ ;efd'vn] tf]s]sf]
;lrj, Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnosf]
;lrj jf jl/i7 clws[t sd{rf/L ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
;bg, jf a}7s eGgfn] Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf]] ;bg jf a}7s ;Demg' k5{ .
k|:tfj eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
ljrf/fy{ k]z ul/Psf] s'g} k|:tfj ;Demg'
k5{ .
k|:t'tstf{ ;b:o eGgfn] ;/sf/L
ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf s'g} dGqL / u}/ ;/sf/L
ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf ljw]os k|:t'tstf{
;b:o ;Demg' k5{ .
a}7ssIf eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]]
a}7s sIf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] a}7s
sIf;Fu hf]l8Psf] bz{sbL3f{ tyf a/08f
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
6]a'n eGgfn] ;bgsf] 6]a'n ;Demg' k5{ .
u}/ ;/sf/L ;b:o eGgfn] dGqL afx]s
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf cGo ;b:oxnfO{
;Demg' k5{ .
2

-t_
-y_
-b_

-w_

-g_

;ldlt eGgfn] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd

u7g x'g] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] ;ldlt
;Demg' k5{ .
;efklt eGgfn] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
ul7t ;ldltsf] ;efklt ;Demg' k5{ .
;lrj eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] ;lrj
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;lrj cg'kl:yt
/x]sf] cj:yfdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;lrj
eO{ sfd ug{ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
;efd'vn]
tf]s]sf]
Joj:yflksf;+;b
;lrjfnosf] ;lrj jf jl/i7 clws[t
sd{rf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
;"rgfkq eGgfn] b]xfosf ljifox
;dfj]z
ePsf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]]
;"rgfkq ;Demg' k5{ M
-!_
a}7ssf] sf/jfxL ;DaGwL ;"rgf,
-@_
a}7ssf] sf/jfxLsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f,
-#_
;ldlt ;DaGwL ;"rgf,
-$_ ;efd'vn] cfjZos 7xofPsf cGo
ljifox .
xftf eGgfn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s
sIf, pksIf, bL3f{ ;lxt ejgsf] sDkfp08
nufot ;Dk"0f{ efu ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
;efd'vf/f ;do;dodf xftf egL
tf]lsPsf] 7fpF ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

kl/R5]b@
clwj]zg cfXjfg, cGTo tyf ;b:oxsf] pkl:ylt / a:g] qmd
#=

clwj]zg cfXjfg / cGTo M -!_ /fi6kltn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f

@(^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg
cfXjfg u/]sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrjn] ;b:ox?nfO{ lbg]5 .
3

$=

%=

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cfXjfg u/]sf] clwj]zg

/fi6kltn]] cGTo u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;efd'vn] a}7sdf
k9]/ ;'gfpg]5 .
-#_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s :ylut ePsf]
cj:yfdf clwj]zg cGTo ePdf ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
dxf;lrjn] ;"rgfkqf/f ;b:ox?nfO{ lbg]5 .
-$_ /fi6kltn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (# / wf/f @(^ sf]
pkwf/f -^_
adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg
cfXjfg / cGTo u/]sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrjn] g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sfzg u/fpg]]5 / To:tf] ;"rgf cfjZostf cg';f/
;fj{hlgs ;~rf/sf dfWodaf6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ;d]t ul/g]5 .
;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt M a}7sdf cf;g u|x0f ug'{ cl3 k|To]s
;b:on] a}7s sIf aflx/ /flvPsf] k'l:tsf jf ljB'tLo
pks/0f -l8lh6n P6]G8]G; d]lzg_ df pkl:ylt hgfpg'
kg]{5 .
a:g] qmd M -!_ k|To]s ;b:on] ;efd'vf/f lgwf{l/t qmd /
:yfgdf cfcfgf] cf;g u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ckftf ePsf ;b:osf] xsdf ;efd'vn]
lglZrt :yfg / qmd tf]sL lghsf] ;fydf Pshgf ;xof]uL
JolQm ;d]tnfO{ a:g] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b#
a}7ssf] ;~rfng / :yug

^=

a}7ssf] ;~rfng / :yug M -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf

/xL ;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{af]emnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL cfjZostf cg';f/ tf]s]sf lbgxdf Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] a}7s a:g]5 .
-@_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] ;dodf z'? x'g]5 .
t/ ;f] j}7s cfJxfg u/]sf] ;doaf6 @ 306f;Dd
klg k|f/De x'g g;s]df ;efd'vn] ;f] a}7s :yug u/L csf]{
a}7ssf] ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
4

-#_ s'g} sf/0fjz a}7s a:g tf]lsPsf] lbg, ;do jf

sfo{qmddf kl/jt{g ePdf To;sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf 6fFl;g]5 / ;f] ;DaGwL
hfgsf/L ;b:onfO{ ljB'tLo ;+rf/sf] dfWodaf6 ;d]t
lbOg]5 . To;/L lbOPsf] ;"rgf ;a} ;b:oxn] kfPsf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ ;efd'vn] k|To]s a}7ssf] k|f/De tyf :yugsf]
3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-%_ k|To]s clwj]zgsf]] k|f/Dedf ;j} /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tf jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
af]Ng ;do lbOg]5 .
-^_ a}7sdf dGqLsf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ ?kdf x'g'
kg]{5 / s'g} vf; ljifodf 5nkmn x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf
;DalGwt dGqL ;d]t pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .
-&_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s ;~rfngdf
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} bnsf
kbflwsf/Lx?n] ;xof]u ug]{5g\ .
kl/R5]b$
;efd'v tyf pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg / cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmxsf]
dgf]gog
&=

;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vsf]

lgjf{rg tf]lsPsf]] lbg x'g]5 / To;sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf
;lrjn] k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf
lgwf{l/t ;doleq ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(( sf] pkwf/f -@_
adf]lhd ;efd'vsf] lgjf{rgdf /fhgLlts ;xdlt sfod
ePsf]df To:tf] ;xdltsf] lg:;f ;lxtsf] cg';"rL !
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj s'g} klg ;b:on] csf]{ Pshgf ;b:osf]
;dy{g ;lxt ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k|fKt x'g cfPdf
;efd'vn] To:tf] k|:tfjnfO{ ;efd'vsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu
5

lgwf{l/t a}7sdf k|:t't ug{ k|:tfjs ;b:onfO{ cg'dlt

lbg]5 .
-$_ a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf k|:tfjs ;b:on] k|:tfj
k|:t't u/]kl5 ;dy{s ;b:on] ;dy{g ug]{5 . ;dy{s
;b:on] af]nL ;s]kl5 ;efd'vn]] k|:tfljt ;b:o /fhgLlts
;xdltsf] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'v kbdf
lgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df ;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;s]df pklgod -!_
adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf lgwf{l/t ;do leq s'g}
;b:on] s'g} csf]{ ;b:onfO{ ;efd'v kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\
eGg] k|:tfjdf Pshgf ;b:osf] ;dy{g ;lxt ;f]sf] ;"rgf
dxf;lrjnfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgfsf] ;fydf
lgjf{lrt ePdf ;efd'vsf] sfo{ ug{ /fhL 5' eGg]
k|:tfljt ;b:osf] d~h'/L ;d]t cg';"rL@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf
k|:tfjs ;b:on] a}7sdf k|:t't u/]kl5 ;dy{s ;b:on]
;dy{g ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf Pp6f dfq k|fKt
ePdf ;dy{s ;b:on] af]ln;s]kl5 cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn]
k|:tfljt ;b:o ;efd'v kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf]
3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] ;dodf Ps eGbf a9L
k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf]df btf{ qmdfg';f/ k|:tfjs
;b:ox?n] k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{ / ;dy{s ;b:ox?n] ;dy{g
ug]{ qmd ;lsPkl5 ;a} k|:tfjx?dfly ;+lIfKt 5nkmn x'g]5
/ To;kl5 cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] k|:tfjx?nfO{ qmdzM
lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 .
-*_ Ps eGbf a9L k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf k|fKt eO{
pklgod -&_ adf]lhd lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ePsf]df h'g k|:tfj
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'G5, ;f] k|:tfjdf k|:tfljt ;b:o
6

*=
(=

!)=
!!=

;efd'v kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 / afFsL k|:tfjnfO{

lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/g] 5}g .
-(_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd ;efd'v kbdf lgjf{lrt
ul/of];\ egL k|fKt k|:tfj dfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o
dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 . ;efd'vsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t
lbgsf] a}7sdf lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ePsf s'g} klg k|:tfj
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(( sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g g;s]df ;efd'vn] ;a} k|:tfjnfO{ k'gM
lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu csf]{ a}7s af]nfpg'
kg]{5 . o; pklgod adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof s'g} k|:tfj
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(( sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t geP;Dd hf/L /xg]5 .
-!)_ klxnf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ ;b:o ;efd'v
kbdf k|:tfljt ePdf ;efd'v kbdf k|:tfljt gePsf] To;
kl5sf] h]i7 ;b:on] ;f] lbgsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-!!_ ;efd'vsf] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf o;
lgoddf plNnlvt sfo{ljlw adf]lhd lgjf{rg u/L k"lt{
ul/g]5 .
;efd'vsf] zky M ;efd'vn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3
cg';"rL# sf] 9fFrfdf /fi6klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf]
zky lng' kg]{5 .
pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg
;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] lbg / ;dodf x'g]5 / To;sf] ;"rgf
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rgdf klg ;efd'vsf]
lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t k|lqmof ckgfOg]5 .
pk;efd'vsf] zky M pk;efd'vn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'
cl3 cg';"rL# sf] 9fFrfdf /fi6kltsf] ;d'kl:yltdf ;efd'v
;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
cWoIftf ug]{ ;b:ox?sf] dgf]gog M -!_ ;efd'vn] cfkm" tyf
pk;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{ ;do
;dodf a9Ldf t]QL; hgf ;b:oxnfO{ dgf]gLt ug{
;Sg]5 .
7

-@_ pk;efd'v tyf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gog

ul/Psf] ;b:on] cWoIftf ul//x]sf] a}7sdf ;efd'vn] k|of]u
ug{ kfpg] ;a} clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b%
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg
!@=

/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lbg /

;dodf /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/L lgjf{rg kl/0ffd
;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug{ ;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
dxf;lrjnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg clws[t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|d'v lgjf{rg clws[tn] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ v6fpg
;Sg]5 .
!#= lgjf{rg sfo{qmdsf] k|sfzg M -!_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgsf]
nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lbg eGbf sDtLdf rf}aL; 306f cufj}
lgjf{rg clws[tn] lgjf{rgsf] sfo{qmd tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs
?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf cGo
s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm dtbftf gfdfjnL k|sfzg, ;f] pk/ bfjL
lj/f]w, clGtd dtbftf gfdfjnL k|sfzg, dgf]gog kq btf{
ug]{ ;do, tl/sf / :yfg, dgf]gog kq btf{ ug]{
pDd]bjf/x?sf] gfdfjnL k|sfzg x'g] ;do, dgf]gog kq
lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] cjlw, pDd]bjf/x?sf] clGtd gfdfjnL
k|sfzg ul/g] ;do, dtbfg / dtu0fgfsf] sfo{qmd ;d]t
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .
!$= dtbftf gfdfjnL k|sfzg M -!_ lgjf{rg clws[tn] lgod !#
adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf lgwf{l/t ;dodf Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ;b:o kbsf] zky u|x0f u/]sf ;b:ox?sf] gfd
j0ff{g'qmdfg';f/ ;dfj]z u/L dtbftf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ug'{
kg]{5 .
8

!%=

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt dtbftf

gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} ;b:o /fi6kltsf]
lgjf{rgdf dtbftf x'g cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] s'g}
;b:onfO{ nfu]df ;f]sf] :ki6 cfwf/ ;lxt lgwf{l/t ;doleq
lgjf{rg clws[t ;dIf bfjL lj/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd bfjL lj/f]w k/]sf]
cj:yfdf lgjf{rg clws[tn] ;f]sf] hfFra'em u/L 7x/]
adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] lg0f{o adf]lhd sfod
ePsf] gfdfjnLnfO{ lgjf{rg clws[tn] clGtd dtbftf
gfdfjnLsf] ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd bfjL lj/f]w gk/]sf]
cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt dtbftf gfdfjnL
g} clGtd dtbftf gfdfjnL ePsf] dflgg]5 .
/fhgLlts ;xdlt / lgjf{rg M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf]
pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f ^$ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf
/fhgLlts ;xdlt sfod eO{ To:tf] ;xdltsf] lg:;f ;lxt
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df /fi6klt
kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL cg';"rL$ df lgwf{l/t
dgf]gogkqsf] 9fFrfdf cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f e/L
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:o k|:tfjs / csf]{ Ps hgf
;b:o ;dy{s eO{ x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] dgf]gogkqsf] ;fydf
k|:tfljt JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlk ;+nUg /fvL lgod !# adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf
tf]lsPsf] ;do leq lgjf{rg clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df dgf]gogkq bflvn ubf{ cg';"rL% df lgwf{l/t
9fFrfdf /fi6kltsf] kbdf /xL sfd ug{ /fhL 5' eGg]
;DalGwt pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f ;d]t ;+nUg
/x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df /fi6kltdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] dgf]gogkq btf{
9

!^=

!&=

x'g cfPsf]df lgjf{rg clws[tn] ;f]sf] Joxf]/f tTsfn

;efd'v;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg clws[tn]
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df /fi6klt lgjf{lrt ul/of];\
eGg] dgf]gogkq btf{ x'g cfPsf] Joxf]/f k]z u/]df
;efd'vn] To;kl5 nuQ} a:g] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7sdf
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;j{;Ddltn] ;DalGwt JolQm
/fi6klt lgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 / ;f]sf] ;"rgf g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
-%_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq o; lgod adf]lhd
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] k|:tfj btf{ x'g gcfPdf lgjf{rg
clws[tn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd o;
lgodfjnLsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rgsf] cGo k|lqmof cufl8
a9fpg' kg]{5 .
dgf]gogkq btf{ ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^$
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ /fi6klt kbdf
lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL cg';"rL$ df lgwf{l/t dgf]gogkqsf]
9fFrfdf cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f e/L Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
s'g} ;b:o k|:tfjs / csf]{ Ps hgf ;b:o ;dy{s eO{
x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] dgf]gogkq ;fy k|:tfljt JolQmsf] g]kfnL
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk ;+nUg /fvL
lgod !# adf]lhd k|sflzt sfo{qmddf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq
lgjf{rg clws[t ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gogkq bflvn ubf{
cg';"rL% df lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf /fi6klt kbdf /xL sfd ug{
/fhL 5' eGg] ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/Lsf] lg:;f ;d]t
;+nUg /x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
dgf]gogkqsf] hfFr / gfdfjnL k|sfzg M lgjf{rg clws[tn]
lgod !^ adf]lhd /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t
;doleq dgf]gog btf{ ug]{ pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq hfFr
u/L ;a} pDd]bjf/x?sf] j0ff{g'qmdfg';f/ gfdfjnL tof/ u/L
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
10

!*=

!(=

@)=

bfjL lj/f]w M -!_ lgod !& adf]lhd k|sflzt pDd]bjf/sf]

gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} pDd]bjf/sf] lj?4df
csf]{ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] lgwf{l/t ;dofjlw leq bfjL lj/f]w ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd bfjL lj/f]w ubf{ ;f]sf]
:ki6 cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] bfjL lj/f]wsf]
;DaGwdf lgjf{rg clws[tn] hfFra'em u/L To:tf] bfjL lj/f]w
dgfl;a / sfg"g ;Ddt b]lvPdf sf/0f ;lxt To:tf]
pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq ab/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ / clGtd gfdfjnL k|sfzg M -!_ lgod !&
adf]lhd gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePkl5 To:tf] gfdfjnLdf gfd
;dfj]z ePsf] pDd]bjf/n] lgod !# sf] pklgod -@_
adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dofjlw leq cfgf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{
lng rfx]df lgjf{rg clws[t ;dIf cfkm+} pkl:yt eO{
pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnPsf] lnlvt Joxf]/f k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lng]
;do ;dfKt eP kl5 sfod x'g cfPsf pDd]bjf/x?sf]
clGtd gfdfjnL lgjf{rg clws[tn] pDd]bjf/x?sf]
j0ff{g'qmdfg';f/ tof/ u/L tTsfn k|sfzg ug'{ kg{]5 .
-#_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ;do
leq /Ltk"j{ssf] Pp6f dfq dgf]gogkq btf{ x'g cfPdf jf
lgod !* sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhd cGo pDd]bjf/sf]
dgf]gogkq ab/ eO{ Pp6f dfq pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq
afFsL /xg cfPdf jf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cGo pDd]bjf/n]
cfgf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnO{ Pp6f dfq pDd]bjf/sf]
dgf]gogkq afFsL /xg cfPdf lgjf{rg clws[tn] To:tf]
pDd]bjf/ /fi6klt kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf] Joxf]/f
;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
dtbfg M -!_ lgod !( adf]lhd k|sflzt pDd]bjf/sf]
clGtd gfdfjnLdf PseGbf a9L pDd]bjf/x?sf] gfdfjnL
;dfj]z ePsf]df uf]Ko dtbfgsf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .
11

@!=

@@=

@#=

-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg

clws[tn] lgod !( adf]lhd sfod ePsf pDd]bjf/x?sf]
j0ff{g'qmdfg';f/ gfd ;dfj]z /x]sf] dtkq tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ dtbfgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ;doleq dtbftf
gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf ;b:on] lgjf{rg clws[taf6
lghsf] x:tfIf/ ePsf] dtkq lnO{ cfkm"n] /f]h]sf]
pDd]bjf/sf] gfdsf] cufl8 lgwf{l/t dt ;+s]t ug]{ sf]7fdf
/]hf -_ nufO{ ;f] dtkq dtk]l6sfdf v;fNg' kg]{5 .
-$_ dtbfg ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw lgjf{rg
clws[tn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
dtkq ab/ x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dtkq ab/
x'g]5 M
-s_ PseGbf al9 pDd]bjf/sf] gfd ePsf]
sf]7fdf /]hf nufPsf] ePdf,
-v_ lgwf{l/t /]hf -_ eGbf cs}{ lsl;dsf]
lrGxf/f dt ;+s]t ul/Psf] ePdf,
-u_ lgjf{rg clws[tn] x:tfIf/ gu/]sf] dtkqdf
/]hf -_ nufO{ dtbfg u/]sf] ePdf,
-3_ s'g pDd]bjf/nfO{ dt lbPsf] xf], ;f] g5'lg]
u/L /]hf -_ nufPsf] ePdf .
-@_ s'g} dtkq ;b/ jf ab/ s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf
ljjfb pTkGg ePdf lgjf{rg clws[tn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
dtu0fgf M -!_ dtbfgsf] sfo{ ;dfKt x'gf;fy lgjf{rg
clws[tn] pDd]bjf/ jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df
dtu0fgf k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ dtu0fgfsf] sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5 lgjf{rg
clws[tn] ;f]sf] d'r'Nsf v8f u/L lgjf{rg kl/0ffd tTsfn
;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
lgjf{rg kl/0ffdsf] 3f]if0ff M -!_ lgod !( sf] pklgod -#_
jf lgod @@ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg clws[tn]
12

@$=

k]z u/]sf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd ;efd'vn] To;kl5 nuQ}

a:g] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7sdf 3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg kl/0ffdsf] 3f]if0ff
ubf{ lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] jf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf]
pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ax'dt k|fKt u/L lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf]
eGg] Joxf]/f :ki6 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] ;"rgf g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgod @@ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg
clws[tn] k]z u/]sf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdaf6 s'g} klg
pDd]bjf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd
k|fKt ug'[{ kg]{ ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ePdf ;a}eGbf a9L
dt k|fKt ug]{ b'O{ pDd]bjf/x? jLr k'gM dtbfg u/fpgsf]
nflu ;efd'vn] ;f]xL a}7sdf dtbfgsf] ldlt lgwf{/0f
ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k'gM lgwf{l/t ldltdf
lgjf{rg clws[tn] lgod @) adf]lhd dtbfg / lgod @@
adf]lhd dtu0fgf sfo{ ;DkGg u/L To:tf] dtbfgaf6 k|fKt
kl/0ffd ;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|fKt k'gM dtbfgsf]
kl/0ffd ;efd'vn] To;kl5 nuQ} a:g] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
a}7sdf 3f]if0ff ug]{5 / ;f]sf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg
ul/g]5 .
-^_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof s'g} pDd]bjf/n]
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
ax'dt k|fKt gu/];Dd hf/L /xg]5 .
-&_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] u7g geP;Dd /fi6kltsf] kb
s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf o;} lgodsf] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd
lgjf{rg u/L k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ePkl5
pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ;efd'vn]] tf]s]sf] lbg / ;dodf
x'g]5 / To;sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrjn] k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof /fi6kltsf] ;/x
x'g]5 .
13

-#_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] u7g geP;Dd pk/fi6kltsf] kb

s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf o;} lgodsf] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd
lgjf{rg u/L k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
@%= /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] zky M /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltn]
cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f &! adf]lhd
/fi6kltn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf / pk/fi6kltn] /fi6klt
;dIf cg';"rL^ sf] 9fFrfdf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng'
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b^
a}7ssf] ;fdfGo sfo{ljlw
@^=

@&=

b}lgs sfo{;"rL M -!_ ;efd'vsf] lgb]{zfg';f/ dxf;lrj jf

;lrjn] a}7s a:g] k|To]s lbgsf] sfo{;"rL tof/ ug]{5 /
To;sf] Ps k|lt ;fdfGotof Ps lbg cufj} k|To]s ;b:o /
;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
t/ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ;efd'vsf] lgb]{zfg';f/ a}7s
a:g] Ps 306f cufj} sfo{;"rL tof/ u/L To;sf] Ps k|lt
k|To]s ;b:onfO{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt glnO{ s'g} lbgsf] sfo{ ;"rLdf gk/]sf]
s'g} ljifodfly ;f] lbg ljrf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ ;efd'vn] cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf afx]s ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{ s'g} klg sfo{ cfjZos cjlw / cGo k|lqmof k"/f
geP;Dd b}lgs sfo{;"rLdf /flvg] 5}g .
sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldlt M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
a}7sdf k]z x'g] ljifox?sf] k|fyldstf tyf ;dofjlwsf]
lgwf{/0f nufot a}7snfO{ ;'Jojl:yt 9+un] ;~rfng ug]{
;DaGwdf / ;efd'vn] cfjZos 7xofPsf] cGo ljifodf
k/fdz{ lbg ;efd'vsf] cWoIftfdf Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnsf ;b:ox? ;dfj]z
x'g] u/L a9Ldf pgfGrf; hgf ;b:o /x]sf] Ps sfo{ Joj:yf
k/fdz{ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
14

@*=

@(=

#)=

#!=

-@_ pk;efd'v / sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf

dGqL ;ldltsf qmdzM kb]g pkfWoIf / ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
;efd'vn] cfkm"nfO{ pko'Qm nfu]sf] s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfo{
Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf
cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;dofjlwsf] lgwf{/0f M -!_ ;efd'vn] a}7sdf k]z x'g]
ljifodfly 5nkmn ug{ ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw
;dfKt ePkl5 o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
;efd'vn] c 5nkmn x'g glbO{ ;f] ljifosf] 6'f] nufpg
cfjZos ;a} k|Zgx lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
;"rgf lbg] tl/sf M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df
afx]s ;b:on] ;"rgf lbFbf lbgsf] P3f/ ah]b]lv b'O{ ah];Dd
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . ;f] ;do g3fO{ lbOPsf]
;"rgf To;kl5sf] sfo{ lbgdf lbPsf] dflgg]5 .
;"rgfdf ;+zf]wg M s'g} ;"rgfdf cfklQhgs, Jo+UofTds,
cgfjZos, cg'ko'Qm jf c;Da4 zAb jf jfSof+z k|of]u
ePsf] nfu]df ;efd'vn] To:tf] ;"rgf ljt/0f x'g'eGbf cl3
pko'Qm ;+zf]wg ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
sfuhkqsf] ljt/0f M -!_ dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] cfjZos
sfuhkq Pj+ ;"rgfx ;b:oxnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-@_ o; lgod adf]lhd ;b:ox?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{ sfuhkq Pj+ ;"rgfx? k|To]s ;b:o;Fu ;DalGwt
;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{nodf /flvPsf] lghsf] gfd pNn]v
ePsf] lkhgxf]ndf ;efd'vf/f lgb]{lzt tl/sfn] /fVg]
Joj:yf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ldnfpg' kg]{5 . o;/L
lkhgxf]ndf sfuhkq Pj+ ;"rgf /flvPsf]df To:tf] sfuhkq
Pj+ ;"rgfx? ;DalGwt ;b:on] k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
t/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 dgf]gog ePsf ;b:ox? /
:jtGq ;b:ox?sf] nflu ;efd'vf/f lgwf{l/t ;lrjfnosf]
kl/;/ leqsf] :yfgdf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] lkhgxf]n /fVg]
15

#@=
##=

Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;b:onfO{

u/fpg]5 .
a}7ssf] k|f/De M a}7ssIfdf ;efd'vsf] cfudg eO{ /fli6o
w'g ah] kl5 a}7s k|f/De x'g]5 .
a}7sdf kfng ug'{ kg]{ lgodx? M a}7sdf b]xfosf lgodx
kfng ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ;efd'v a}7ssIfdf k|j]z x'Fbf ;a}n] ;Ddfg
k|s6 ug{ p7\g' k5{ .
-v_ ;efd'vn] a}7sk|lt ;Ddfg k|s6 u/L cfgf]
cf;g u|x0f ug'{ k5{ .
-u_ a}7s :ylut eO{ ;efd'v ;bgaf6 aflx/
lg:s] kl5 dfq c? ;b:ox?n] a}7ssIf
5f8\g' k5{ .
-3_ a}7sdf efu lng] ;b:on] af]Nbf ;efd'vnfO{
;Daf]wg u/]/ dfq af]Ng' k5{ / ;efd'vn]
cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf afx]s pleP/ af]Ng'
k5{ .
-_ ;efd'vn] a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ul//x]sf]
;dodf s'g} klg ;b:on] :yfg 5f8\g' x'Fb}g
/ ;efd'vn] af]n]sf] s'/f zflGtk"j{s ;'Gg'
k5{ .
-r_ ;efd'vsf] cf;g / af]ln/x]sf] ;b:osf]
aLraf6 lxF8\g' x'Fb}g .
-5_ s'g} ;b:on] af]ln/x]sf] ;dodf czflGt ug{
jf a}7ssf] dof{bf e+u x'g] jf cJoj:yf
pTkGg x'g] s'g} sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-h_ a}7ssIfdf ;efd'vsf] ;fd'Gg]af6 jf/kf/
u/L lxF8\g jf ;efd'vsf] cf;gtkm{ lk7\o"F
kmsf{P/ a:g x'Fb}g .
-em_ a}7ssf] sfo{;Fu k|ToIf ?kn] ;DalGwt ljifo
afx]s cGo ljifosf] k':ts, ;dfrf/kq jf
cGo sfuhkqx? k9\g' x'Fb}g .
16

-`_

#$=

#%=

a}7ssf] cjlwe/ a}7ssIfdf df]afO{n kmf]g

aGb ug'{ kg]{5 .
5nkmndf efu lng] ;b:on] kfng ug'{ kg]{ lgodx? M
a}7sdf x'g] 5nkmndf efu lng] ;b:on] b]xfosf
lgodxsf] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ;efd'vsf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{sf] lgldQ p7\g'
kg]{5 / ;efd'vn] lghsf] gfd af]nfPkl5 jf
Ozf/f u/]kl5 dfq af]Ng' kg]{5 .
-v_ ;efd'vn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g
eGg] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmnsf] qmddf afx]s
;efd'vsf] cfr/0fsf] cfnf]rgf ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-u_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)% n] ax;df aGb]h u/]sf
ljifodf 5nkmn ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-3_ JolQmut cfIf]k nufpg x'Fb}g .
-_ clzi6, cZnLn, ckdfghgs jf s'g}
cfklQhgs zAb af]Ng' x'Fb}g .
-r_ ;bg jf ;efd'vsf] s'g} lg0f{o ab/ ul/of];\
eGg] k|:tfjdfly af]Nbfsf] cj:yfdf afx]s
;bg jf ;efd'vsf] s'g} klg lg0f{osf]
cfnf]rgf ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-5_ af]Ng kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;bgsf] sfo{df
afwf kfg]{ dg;fon] b'kof]u ug'{ x'Fb}g .
5nkmndf af]Ng] qmd M a}7sdf af]Ng] / pQ/ lbg] qmd b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;b:on] af]ln;s]kl5
;efd'vn] gfd af]nfPsf] jf Ozf/f u/]sf]
qmd adf]lhdsf ;b:on] af]Ng kfpg]5g\ .
-v_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lagf s'g} ;b:on] Pp6}
k|:tfjdf Ps k6s eGbf a9L af]Ng kfpg]
5}g .
-u_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;b:on] pQ/ lbgsf] lgldQ
5nkmnsf] cGTodf k]ml/ af]Ng kfpg]5 . ;f]
17

#^=

#&=

#*=

k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmndf klxn] efu

lnPsf] jf glnPsf] h];'s} eP tfklg
k|:tfjs ;b:on] pQ/ lbO;s]kl5
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt glnO{ k]ml/ af]Ng kfpg]
5}g .
-3_ k|:tfjdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug]{ ;b:onfO{
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lagf pQ/ lbg] clwsf/
x'g] 5}g .
-_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;b:on] pQ/ lbO;s]kl5
5nkmn ;dfKt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
;Da4tf M -!_ ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'/f Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ljifo;Fu ;Da4 x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ;b:on] c;Da4 s'/f af]ln/x]df jf cfgf]
jf c s;}sf] ts{nfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]ofO/x]df ;efd'vn]
lghsf] Jojxf/k|lt a}7ssf]] Wofg cfslif{t ub}{ lghnfO{ af]Ng
aGb ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] cfb]z x'gf;fy ;f]
;b:on] af]Ng aGb u/L cfgf] :yfg u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f dfu ug{ jf lbg ;lsg] M -!_ 5nkmn rln/x]sf]
;dodf ;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} ;b:on] s'g} :ki6Ls/0f dfu
ug{ cfjZos ;Dem]df ;efd'v dfk{mt dfu ug{ kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ s'g} ;b:on] ;bgsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cfk"m;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljifodf :ki6Ls/0f
lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] :ki6Ls/0f lbFbf s'g} ljjfbf:kb ljifo
p7fpg kfOg] 5}g / ;f] :ki6Ls/0fdfly s'g} 5nkmn ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
5nkmn ;dflKtsf] k|:tfj M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf
n]lvPsf]df afx]s s'g} ;b:on] a}7sdf k]z eO;s]sf]
k|:tfjdflysf] 5nkmn ;dfKt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ s'g} klg ;dodf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
18

#(=

-@_ d"n k|:tfjdf cfjZos 5nkmn eO;s]sf]

nfu]df ;efd'vn] 5nkmn ;dfKt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ 5nkmn ;dfKt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfjdfly s'g}
;+zf]wg k]z ug{ jf 5nkmn ug{ kfOg] 5}g / To:tf] k|:tfj
:jLs[t ePdf ;efd'vn] d"n k|:tfjnfO{ c a9L 5nkmn
x'g glbO{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ s'g} 5nkmn cgfjZos lsl;dn] nlDaPsf] 5
eGg] nfu]df ;efd'vn] a}7ssf] /fo a'emL 5nkmn cGTo x'g]
;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 / To;/L ;do tf]lsPsf]df ;efd'vn] ;f]
;dofjlwleq 5nkmn ;dfKt ePsf] dfgL d"n k|:tfjdf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o k|fKt ug{ cfjZos ;a} k|Zgx
lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
lgodfklQ M -!_ a}7s;dIf tTsfn ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g}
ljifodf s'g} ;b:onfO{ s'g} lgod pNn+3g ePsf] 5 eGg]
nfu]df h'g lgod pNn+3g ePsf] xf] ;f] v'nfO{ lgodfklQ
p7fpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ lgodfklQ p7fpg] ;b:on] ;efd'vaf6 :jLs[lt
;"rs cleJolQm jf Ozf/f kfPkl5 af]ln/x]sf] ;b:on] af]Ng
aGb ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ lgodfklQ p7fpg] ;b:on] cfgf] s'/f / cfwf/
:ki6 u/L lgodfklQ ;DaGwL s'/f dfq af]Ng kfpg]5 /
lgodfklQ p7fO;s]kl5 lghn] cfgf] :yfg u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ a}7sdf p7fOPsf] lgodfklQsf] lg0f{o ;efd'vn]
ug]{5 / ;f] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b&
a}7sn] lg0f{o ug]{ tl/sf

$)=

k|Zgf/f lg0f{o x'g] M Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]

k|:tfjnfO{ ;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't
ubf{ k|Zgsf] kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
19

$!=

$@=

lg0f{ofy{ k|Zg k]z ug]{ ljlw M -!_ k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn ;dfKt

ePkl5 ;f] k|:tfjsf] kIfdf x'g] ;b:oxnfO{ x'G5,
ljkIfdf x'g] ;b:oxnfO{ x'Gg / t6:y /xg rfxg]
;b:ox?nfO{ dt lbGg eGg] zAb ;'lgg] u/L pRrf/0f ug'{
egL ;efd'vn] k|Zgx qmdzM lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ k]z
u/]kl5 ;efd'vn] x'G5 jf x'Gg eGg] ;b:oxdWo] h'g
kIfsf] ax'dt ePsf] 7xofpF5 ;f] s'/fsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 /
;efd'vsf] ljrf/k|lt lgod $@ adf]lhd c;xdlt k|s6
gul/Pdf ;efd'vsf] 3f]if0ff Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o
dflgg]5 . o;/L lg0f{osf] lgldQ k|:t't k|:tfjdf x'G5, x'Gg
/ dt lbGg eGg] dtsf] ;+Vof olsg u/L clen]v /fVg' kg]{5
.
-#_ ;efd'vf/f s'g} k|:tfj lg0f{ofy{ k]z ul/;s]kl5
;f] k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn ug{ jf ;+zf]wg k|:t't ug{ jf :yug
k|:tfj k]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
ljefhg M -!_ lgod $! sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd
;efd'vsf] ljrf/k|lt sDtLdf Ps;7\7Lhgf ;b:oxn] cf
cfgf] :yfgdf pleO{ c;xdlt k|s6 u/]df ;efd'vn]
x'G5, x'Gg / dt lbGg eGg] ;b:oxnfO{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] s'g} tl/sfn] ljefhg u/L dt ;ng ug]{5 M
-s_ k|To]s ;b:onfO{ x'G5 jf x'Gg jf dt
lbGg eGg] zAb pRrf/0f ug{ nufO{,
-v_ x'G5 jf x'Gg jf dt lbGg eGg] k"hf{
ljt/0f u/]/,
-u_ x'G5 / x'Gg eGg] b'a} y/L ;b:oxnfO{
leGgfleGg} 9f]sfaf6 pksIf -njL_ df k|j]z
u/fP/ / dt lbGg eGg] ;b:ox?nfO{
oyf:yfgdf g} /fv]/, jf
-3_ :jrflnt dt clen]voGq ;~rfng u/]/ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ljefhgsf] dfu ;efd'vnfO{ cgfjZos nfu]df
ljefhgsf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] x'G5, x'Gg / dt
20

lbGg eGg] ;b:oxnfO{ cfcfgf] :yfgdf qmdzM p7\g

nufO{ ;+Vof u0fgf u/L Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o lgZro
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd x'G5, x'Gg / dt
lbGg eGg] k"hf{x ljt/0f ubf{ x'G5 eGg] k"hf{ xl/of],
x'Gg eGg] k"hf{ /ftf] / dt lbGg eGg] k"hf{ gLnf]
/sf] x'g]5 / To:tf] k"hf{df ;b:on] cfgf] qmd;+Vof / gfd
pNn]v u/L ;xL ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dt ;ng ug{ :jrflnt
dt clen]voGq k|of]u ePsf]df,
-s_ s'g} ;b:o s'g} sf/0fjz ;f] oGq ;~rfng
ug{ c;dy{ 5 eGg] ;efd'vnfO{ nfu]df
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o ;'gfpg' cl3
lgh;Fu ;f]w]/ klg dt u0fgf ug{ ;Sg]5,
-v_ s'g} ;b:on] :jrflnt dt clen]voGqsf]
unt laGb' lyr]sf] sf/0fn] unt dtbfg x'g
uPdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o ;'gfpg'
cl3 ;efd'vsf] Wofg cfslif{t u/L cfgf]
dtbfg ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;lnt
dtu0fgfsf] kl/0ffd ;efd'vn] tTsfn ;'gfpg]5 / To;k|lt
s;}n] klg c;xdlt k|s6 ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} k|:tfjnfO{ v08 v08 u/L PseGbf a9L
k|Zgsf] kdf lg0f{ofy{ /fVg ;Sg] clwsf/ ;efd'vnfO{
x'g]5 . dt ;ns tf]Sg] / ljefhgsf] cGo sfo{ljlw
lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]t ;efd'vnfO{ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b*
a}7sdf ;'Joj:yf
$#=

r]tfjgL M a}7sdf ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{ ;b:onfO{ cfgf]

Jojxf/ lgoGq0f ug{ ;efd'vn] r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]5 /
21

$$=

$%=

r]tfjgL kfPkl5 To:tf] ;b:on] cfgf] Jojxf/dfly t'?Gt

lgoGq0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
a}7ssIfaf6 lgisfzg M -!_ lgod $# adf]lhdsf] cfb]z
kfng gug]{ ;b:onfO{ ;efd'vn] a}7ssIfaf6 aflx/ hfg
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . cfb]z kfPkl5 To:tf] ;b:on]
a}7ssIfaf6 t'Gt aflx/ hfg' kg]{5 / lghn] ;f] lbgsf]
afsL cjlwsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z kfPkl5 klg
To:tf] ;b:o a}7ssIfaf6 t'Gt aflx/ guPdf ;efd'vn]
lghnfO{ dof{bfkfnssf] ;xof]u lnO{ aflx/ lgsfNg ;Sg]5 .
To;/L lgsflnPsf]df To:tf] ;b:on] To;kl5sf] tLg
lbg;Dd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s jf s'g} ;ldltsf]
a}7sdf efu lng kfpg] 5}g . o;/L lgsflnPsf]df dxf;lrj
jf ;lrjn] ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;a} ;ldltnfO{ lbg]5 .
;b:osf] lgnDag M -!_ ;efd'vsf] cf;gsf] cjx]ngf ug]{ jf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{df hfgL hfgL af/Daf/ afwf lbg]
jf ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{ jf ;+ljwfg jf o; lgodfjnLsf]
hfgLhfgL pNn+3g jf cjx]ngf ug]{ ;b:osf] gfp ;efd'vn]
tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd gfpF tf]lsPsf] ;b:onfO{
a}7saf6 lgnDag ul/of];\ egL s'g} ;b:of/f k|:tfj k]z
ePdf ;f] k|:tfj ;efd'vn] lg0f{ofy{ t'Gt a}7sdf k|:t't
ug]{5 / ;f] k|:tfj pk/ s'g} ;+zf]wg jf :yug k|:tfj NofO{
5nkmn ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf
To:tf] ;b:o lgnlDat ePsf] dflgg]5 / To;/L lgnlDat
;b:on] To;kl5sf] kGw| lbg ;Dd Joj:yflksf;+;b /
;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfj kfl/t eO{
lgnlDat ePsf] ;b:on] a}7s sIfaf6 t'Gt aflx/ hfg'
kg]{5 .
22

$^=

-%_ lgnlDat ;b:o pklgod -$_ adf]lhd a}7s

sIfaf6 t'Gt aflx/ guPdf ;efd'vn] lghnfO{ aflx/
lgsfNg dof{bfkfnsnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; lgod adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o lgnlDat ePdf
jf To:tf] lgnDag km's'jf ePdf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ;f]
Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgf ;a} ;ldltnfO{ lbg]5 .
-&_ pklgod -#_ tyf lgod $^ adf]lhd lgnlDat
;b:on] k"j{ ;"rgf lbO;s]sf] k|:tfj lgnlDat cj:yf d}
a}7sdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;efd'vn] ;f] k|:tfj k]z
ug{sf] nflu cGo s'g} ;b:onfO{ clws[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg] ;efd'vsf] ljz]if clwsf/ M -!_ o;
kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
;b:on] a}7ssIfdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yf tyf cg'zf;g e
u/]df jf ug{ nfu]df jf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] k|lti7fdf
wSsf nfUg] lsl;dn] a}7s sIfleq Wj+;fTds sfo{ u/]df jf
an k|of]u u/]df jf ug{ nfu]df jf s'g} ef}lts xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'ofPdf ;efd'vn] lghnfO{ a}7ssIfaf6 tTsfn lgisfzg
ug{ dof{bfkfnsnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L lgisflzt
;b:onfO{ ;efd'vn] a9Ldf bz lbg ;Ddsf] nflu lgnDjg
u/L Iflt ePsf] ef}lts ;fdfu|Lsf] oyfy{ Ifltk"lt{ lghaf6
e/fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgnlDat ;b:on] ;f]
cjlwe/ Joj:yflksf;+;b jf s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
pkl:yt x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o lgnlDat ePsf]
jf To:tf] lgnDag km's'jf ePsf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf
;lrjn] ;a} ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltnfO{ lbg]5 .
-$_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s'g} ;b:on] a}7sdf cfklQhgs jf Wj+zfTds
Jojxf/ u/]sf] jf a}7s sIfdf ef}lts xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'ofPsf] s'/f ;efd'vnfO{ a}7s ;DkGg ePkl5 yfxf ePklg
;efd'vn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{ a9Ldf bz lbg ;Ddsf] nflu
23

$&=

$*=

lgnDjg u/L IftL ePsf] ef}lts ;dfu|Lsf] oyfy{ Ifltk"tL{

lghaf6 e/fpg] cfb]z lbg afwf kg]{ 5}g .
t/ ;efd'vn] o;/L sf/jfxLsf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf
cufl8 ;DalGwt ;b:onfO{ cfgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sfaf6
al~rt ul/g] 5}g .
sf/jfxL lkmtf{ x'g ;Sg] M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgisflzt jf lgnlDat ;b:on] lrQ
a'bf] ;kmfO{ k]z u/]df jf cfgf] e"n :jLsf/ u/L dfkmL
dfu]df ;efd'vn] a}7ssf] /fo a'emL To:tf] ;b:onfO{ dfkmL
lbO{ sf/jfxL lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
a}7s :ylut ug]{ clwsf/ M a}7s sIfleq cJoj:yf eO{ jf
x'g nfuL a}7s lgoldt kn] ;~rfng ug{ afwf kg]{
b]lvPdf ;efd'vn] ;f] lbgsf] s'g} ;do;Dd jf cfk"mn]
tf]s]sf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu a}7s :ylut ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;efd'vn] u/]sf] To:tf] :yugdfly s'g} ;b:on] k|Zg p7fpg
kfpg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b(
k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg

$(=

k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf] pkwf/f

-@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6
x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g
g;s]df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg ;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] lbg /
;dodf x'g]5 / To;sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] k|sfzg
ug]{5 .
-#_ k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] lbgsf]
lgwf{l/t ;doleq s'g} ;b:on] cfk"mnfO{ k|wfgdGqL kbdf
lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL cg';"rL& df lgwf{l/t pDd]bjf/Lsf]
;"rgfsf] 9fFrfdf cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f e/L Pshgf
;b:onfO{ k|:tfjs / csf]{ Pshgf ;b:onfO{ ;dy{s /fvL
pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
24

pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k]z ug]{ ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePkl5

dxf;lrjn] lgwf{l/t ;doleq k|fKt x'g cfPsf pDd]bjf/Lsf]
;"rgfx?sf] btf{ qmdfg';f/ ;"rL tof/ u/L k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf
;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] a}7sdf k|:t't u/]kl5 k|:tfjs /
;dy{s ;b:on] ;dy{g ug]{5g .
-%_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf
Pp6f dfq k|fKt ePdf k|:tfjs / ;dy{s ;b:on]
af]ln;s]kl5 ;efd'vn] pQm pDd]bjf/LnfO{ a}7s;dIf
lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 . ;f] pDd]bjf/L pk/ pklgod -&_
adf]lhd dt ljefhg ubf{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf
;DalGwt pDd]bjf/ k|wfgdGqL kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff
ul/g]5 .
t/ ;f] pDd]bjf/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf]
pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g
g;s]df ;efd'vn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|f/De ePsf]
lgjf{rg k|lqmof cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-^_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf
PseGbf a9L k|fKt ePdf btf{ qmddf k|To]s pDd]bjf/sf]
k|:tfjs / ;dy{s ;b:oxn] af]ln;s]kl5 ;a}
pDd]bjf/Lsf ;"rgfxdfly ;+lIfKt 5nkmn x'g]5 / To;kl5
;efd'vn] s'g} pDd]bjf/n] cfgf] pDd]bjf/L df}lvs ?kdf
lkmtf{ lng rfx]df a}7s ;dIf lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu ;do
k|bfg ug]{5 . pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lng] ;do ;dfKt ePkl5
;efd'vn] sfod /x]sf ;a} pDd]bjf/Lsf ;"rgfnfO{ Ps}
k6s a}7s;dIf lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 . To;/L lg0f{ofy{
k|:t't pDd]bjf/L dWo] h'g pDd]bjf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(*
sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt u5{ ;f] pDd]bjf/
k|wfgdGqL kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-&_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL kbdf lgjf{lrt
ul/of];\ egL k|fKt pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf dfly Joj:yflksf
25

;+;bsf] lg0f{o dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 . Pp6f dfq

pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;efd'vn]
pDd]bjf/sf] kIfdf /xg] cyf{t x'G5 eGg] / pDd]bjf/sf]
ljkIfdf /xg] cyf{t x'Gg eGg] ;b:ox?nfO{ leGgfleGg}
9f]sfaf6 pksIf -naL_ df k|j]z u/fP/ dt ;+sng ug]{5 .
PseGbf a9L pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf
;efd'vn] k|To]s pDd]bjf/sf] kIfdf /xg] ;b:ox?nfO{
leGgfleGg} 9f]sfaf6 pksIf -naL_ df k|j]z u/fP/ dt
;+sng ug]{5 . To;/L ;lnt dtu0fgfsf] kl/0ffd
;efd'vn] tTsfn ;'gfpg] 5 / To; k|lt s;}n] klg
c;xdlt k|s6 ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt
eO{ pklgod -&_ df plNnlvt k|lqmof adf]lhd lg0f{ofy{
k|:t't ul/Psf]df s'g} klg pDd]bjf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(*
sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df
;efd'vn] ;a}
pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgfnfO{ Psk6s k'gM
lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
csf]{ a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd ;a} pDd]bjf/Lsf
;"rgfnfO{ k'gM lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/Psf]df s'g} klg
pDd]bjf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df b'O{ j6fdfq
pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;efd'vn]
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|f/De ePsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof cGTo
ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-!)_ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd tLg jf ;f] eGbf a9L
pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k|fKt eO{ ;a} pDd]bjf/Lsf ;"rgfnfO{
k'gM lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/Psf]df s'g} klg pDd]bjf/n]
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df ;efd'vn] ;a}eGbf a9L dt k|fKt
ug]{ b'O{j6f pDd]bjf/Lsf ;"rgfnfO{ k'gM bf];|f] k6s lg0f{ofy{
26

%)=

k|:t't ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] csf]{ a}7s

af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd ;a}eGbf a9L dt k|fKt
ug]{ b'O{j6f pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgfnfO{ k'gM bf];|f] k6s lg0f{ofy{
k|:t't ul/Psf]df s'g} klg pDd]bjf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(*
sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ax'dt k|fKt ug{
g;s]df ;efd'vn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|f/De ePsf]
lgjf{rg k|lqmof cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 .
-!@_ pklgod -%_, -(_ jf -!!_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg
k|s[of cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ePdf k'gM lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|s[of cjnDag ul/g]5 .
-!#_ o; lgod adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ePsf]
Joxf]/f ;efd'vn] /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-!$_ k|wfgdGqL kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] u7g geP;Dd o;} lgodsf] sfo{ljlw cg'?k
lgjf{rg u/L k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
k|wfgdGqLf/f zky M k|wfgdGqLn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'
cl3 ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f *) adf]lhd cg';"rL* sf] 9fFrfdf
/fi6klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b!)
/fi6kltaf6 ;Daf]wg

%!=
%@=

/fi6kltaf6 ;Daf]wg M ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (% adf]lhd

/fi6kltn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] a}7sdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't u/L ;Daf]wg ug]{5 .
wGojfbsf] k|:tfj M -!_ lgod %! adf]lhd /fi6kltn]
Joj:yflksf;+;bnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]kl5 a;]sf] a}7sdf
k|wfgdGqLn] ;Daf]wgsf] Ps k|lt 6]j'n ug]{5 .
-@_ /fi6kltaf6 ul/Psf] ;Daf]wgsf] nflu pxfFdf
wGojfb 1fkg ug{ s'g} ;b:on] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 /
To:tf] k|:tfjdf csf]{ ;b:on] ;dy{g u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
27

%#=

%$=
%%=

-#_ wGojfbsf] k|:tfjdfly ;efd'vn] pko'Qm

7xofPsf] ?kdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;Daf]wg dfly 5nkmn M -!_ lgod %! adf]lhd /fi6kltaf6
ul/Psf] ;Daf]wgdf plNnlvt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf
sfo{qmddfly 5nkmn ug{sf] nflu ;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqL jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf] s'g} dGqL;Fu k/fdz{ u/L
lbg / ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 / To;/L tf]lsPsf lbgxdf bnLo
k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/df ;Daf]wgdf plNnlvt ljifoxdf
5nkmn x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnsf] qmddf
p7]sf k|Zgxsf] hjfkm 5nkmnsf] cGTodf k|wfgdGqL jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf] dGqLn] lbg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL jf dGqLn]
hjfkm lbPkl5 5nkmn ;dfKt ePsf] dflgg]5 / k]z ePsf
;+zf]wgxdfly lg0f{o ePkl5 ;efd'vn] k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{
a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
wGojfbsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ M o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t a}7sn]
kfl/t u/]sf] wGojfbsf] k|:tfj ;efd'vn] /fi6klt ;dIf k]z
ug]{5 .
cGo sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ lgod %# adf]lhd ;Daf]wg dfly
5nkmn ug{ tf]lsPsf lbgxdf b]xfosf sfdx klg ug{
;lsg]5 M
-s_ 5nkmn
k|f/De
x'g'eGbf
cl3
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL
cf}krfl/s sfdx? k"/f ug]{, jf
-v_ k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug]{, jf
-u_ ljw]os k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfj
k]z ug]{ jf s'g} ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ .
-@_ 5nkmn :ylut /flvof];\ egL k]z ePsf] k|:tfj
:jLs[t ePdf ;Daf]wgdf 5nkmn ug{ tf]lsPsf lbgxdf
b]xfosf] s'g} sfd ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ s'g} ljw]osnfO{ kfl/t ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj k]z ug{,
28

-v_
-u_

sfg"g adf]lhd a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{ cjlw

ls6fg ul/Psf ljifox? k|:t't ug{, jf
s'g} dGqLn] k]z u/]sf] cTofjZos
sfo{dfly 5nkmn ug{ .
kl/R5]b!!
k|Zg / Wofgfsif{0f

%^=

k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsg] M g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQ/bfloTj leqsf]

;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] s'g} klg ljifodf k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsg]5 .
%&= k|Zg pQ/ ;do M -!_ ;efd'vn] cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf afx]s
k|To]s a}7ssf] klxnf] 306f k|Zg ;f]Wg tyf pQ/ lbgsf]
lgldQ /xg]5 .
-@_ k|Zg pQ/sf] ;do ;dfKt ePkl5 ;bgsf]
sfo{;"rL adf]lhdsf cGo sf/jfxL k|f/De x'g]5 .
%*= k|Zgsf] ;"rgf M -!_ k|Zg ;f]Wg rfxg] s'g} ;b:on] b]xfosf
s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-s_ ;f]Wg vf]h]sf] k|Zg,
-v_ k|Zg;Fu ;DalGwt dGqL /
-u_ k|Zgsf] pQ/ dfu]sf] ldlt .
t/, ;efd'vn] s'g} k|ZgnfO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ pQ/ dfu]sf] ldlteGbf kl5sf] s'g}
a}7ssf] nflu /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|Zgsf] ;"rgfdf Ps hgfeGbf a9L
;b:on] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] eP klxnf] x:tfIf/ ug]{ ;b:on]
pklgod-!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf dflgg]5 .
-#_ s'g} Pp6f ljifodf PseGbf a9L
;b:ox?n] k|Zgsf] ;"rgf lbPdf btf{ s|dsf] klxnf] k|ZgnfO{
dfq sfod ul/g]5 .
%(= k|Zgx?sf] lsl;d M-!_ k|Zg b'O{ lsl;dsf x'g]5g\ .
-s_ df}lvs pQ/ lbg] k|Zgx? /
-v_ lnlvt pQ/ lbg] k|Zgx? .
29

-@_ df}lvs pQ/ dfluPsf] k|ZgnfO{ tf/f

lrGxn] c+lstug'{ k5{ . o;/L c+lst gul/Psf ;a} k|Zgx?
lnlvt pQ/sf nflu lbPsf dflgg]5 .
-#_ /fli6o lxtdf c;/ gkfg]{ k|s[ltsf jf
s'g} clen]v, tYof cflb pNn]v ul/lbg' kg]{ pQ/ lnlvt
?kdf lbg]5g\ .
^)= k|Zgx?sf] ;"rL M -!_ k|To]s lbg df}lvs tyf lnlvt pQ/sf
lgldQ /x]sf k|Zgx?sf] 5'f5'} ;"rL tof/ ul/g]5 / To:tf]
;"rLdf c:jLsf/ gul/Psf ;a} k|Zgx? ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
t/, Pslbgdf df}lvs pQ/ ;DaGwL aL;j6f /
lnlvt pQ/ ;DaGwL Ps ;o krf;eGbf a9L k|Zgx?
;"rLdf /flvg] 5}g . ;f] ;"rLdf Ps ;b:osf] b'O{j6f eGbf
a9L df}lvs pQ/sf k|Zgx? ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ lnlvt k|Zgsf] s|d, k|fKt ;do / ljifo adf]lhd
lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5 .
^!= df}lvs pQ/ lbg gEofOPsf k|Zgx? 6]a'n ul/g] M-!_ s'g} lbgsf]
nflu k|Zg ;"rLdf df}lvs pQ/ lbgsf] lgldQ /flvPsf] s'g}
k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg ;dosf] cefjn] ubf{ gEofOPdf ;DalGwt
dGqLn] ;f] k|Zgsf] pQ/sf] Ps k|lt 6]a'n ug]{5 .
t/, pQ/ lbg gEofOPsf] s'g} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'
;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu cfjZos 5 egL dGqLn] ;efd'v
;dIf cg'/f]w u/]df k|Zgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ;do ;dfKt eP
kl5 klg ;efd'vn] pQ/ lbg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd 6]a'n ul/Psf] pQ/sf]
k|ltx? ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
^@= k|Zgsf pQ/x? M -!_ k|To]s ;b:on] /fv]sf k|Zgsf] df}lvs
pQ/ dfu ePsf]df df}lvs?kdf / lnlvt pQ/ dfu ePsf]df
lnlvt} ?kdf ;DalGwt dGqLn] al9df Ps xKtf leq pQ/ lbg]
u/L ;efd'vaf6 ;dosf] Joj:yfkg x'g]5 .
-@_ lnlvt k|Zg / pQ/x?sf] k|lt k|To]s ;b:onfO{
pknJw u/fOg]5 .
30

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf lnlvt pQ/x?sf]

q}dfl;s ?kdf k|sfzgsf] Joj:yf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn]
ug]{5 .
^#= u}/ ;/sf/L ;b:o;Fu ;f]lwg] k|Zg M -!_ s'g} ;b:o;Fu lghsf]
ljw]os, ;+sNk, k|:tfj jf j}7ssf] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt lghsf]
pQ/bfloTj leqsf] ljifodf k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ dGqL;Fu ;f]lwg] k||Zgsf] ;DaGwdf lgwf{l/t
sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;efd'vn] pko'Qm / cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|Zg ;f]Wg] / pQ/ lbg] ;DaGwdf klg
nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^$= k|Zg ;DaGwL zt{x? M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf k|Zgx? :jLsfo{ x'g]
5}ggM
-s_ c:ki6,
-v_ w]/} nfdf], tYoxLg, lg/y{s jf dxTjxLg,
-u_ :ki6 kfg{sf] lgldQ cTofjZos ePdf
jfx]s s;}sf] gfd jf jStJo /x]s]f,
:ki6Ls/0f M k|Zgdf gfd jf jStJo
/x]sf]df To;sf] oyfy{tfsf] hjfkmb]xL
k|Zgstf{ g} x'g]5 .
-3_ pQ/ jf ;'emfj ;+s]t ug]{ jf vf;
b[li6sf]0fsf] k|rf/ ug]{ lsl;dsf],
-_ /fo dfluPsf],
-r_ s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/sf] ?kdf hfgsf/L
lbg g;Sg] gLlt ;DaGwL ljifo ePsf],
-5_ ldYof JolQm, sf]/f ts{, cfwf/xLg
cg'dfg, cf/f]k, cfIf]k, Jo+uf]lQm jf
cfklQhgs zAbx? ePsf],
-h_ sfNklgs jf cg'dflgt ;Df:ofsf]
;dfwfg dfu ul/Psf],
-em_ s'g} ;ldlt ;dIf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]
ljifo jf ;ldltn] ;+;b ;dIf k]z
ul/;s]sf] k|ltj]bgsf] ljifo ePsf],
31

-~f_ s'g} cGo ;fwgaf6 ;xh} 1ft x'g ;Sg]

ljifosf] .
^%= k|Zg ug{ gkfOg] ljifox? M -!_ b]xfosf ljifodf s'g} k|Zg ug{
kfOg] 5}g M
-s_ ;+ljwfg jf s'g} k|rlnt sfg"gaf6
k|sfzg lgif]w ul/Psf] ljifo,
-v_ :jefjtM uf]Ko /xg] s'/fx? jf k|sfzg
ubf{ /fli6o lxt ljkl/t x'g hfg]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] s'g} lg0f{o jf sf/jfxL,
-u_ ;bg jf s'g} ;ldltsf] jf ;bg jf
;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] cfnf]rgf ul/Psf]
ljifo,
-3_ rfn" clwj]zgdf 5nkmnf/f :ki6
eO;s]sf] ljifo,
-_ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|rf/sf] nflu
s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfd cflb
ePsf] ljifo,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ePsf]
Goflos jf cw{Goflos lgsfo jf
clwsf/L jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
hfFra'em ug{, ;'emfj lbg jf k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{ ul7t cfof]u jf ;ldltdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ljifo,
-5_ ;}flGts, P]ltxfl;s jf sfg"gsf] JofVof
;DaGwL ljifo,
-h_ u}/ ;/sf/L JolQmsf] s'g} jStJo ;To
xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ljifo,
-em_ s'g} JolQmsf] ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs
x}l;ot jfx]s c? JolQmut x}l;ot
af6 u/]sf] sfd s'/f ;DaGwL
cfr/0fsf] ljifo,
32

-`_ Ps k6s c:jLs[t eO{ ;s]sf] jf o;

lgodfjnL adf]lhd pQ/ lbg c:jLsf/
ul/Psf] s'g} ljifo .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -r_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ;efd'vnfO{ ;f] v08df pNn]lvt cfof]u jf ;ldltsf]
sfo{df k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ nfu]df hfFra'emsf] sfo{ljlw /
sfo{k|ultsf] ljifo ;Dddf ;Lldt /xL k|Zg ug{ cg'dlt lbg
;Sg]5 .
^^= :jLsf/ of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o M -!_ ;efd'vn] s'g}
k|Zg :jLsf/ of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o ug]{5 / k|Zg
;f]Wg] clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u ul/Psf] jf ;+ljwfg jf o;
lgodfjnLsf] lj? jf ;bgsf] k|lti7fdf cfFr cfpg] jf
a}7ssf] sfo{ljlwdf afwf jf xflgsf/s k|efj kfg]{ ;Defjgf
b]lvPdf To:tf] k|ZgnfO{ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf c:jLsf/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;efd'vn] plrt b]v]df k|Zgsf] ;f/f+zdf km/s
gkg]{ u/L lgodfg's"n agfpgsf] lgldQ cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;efd'vn] ;+zf]wg ug'{
eGbf cuf8L k|Zgstf{ ;b:o;Fu k/fdz{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|Zg :jLsf/ of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] / ;+zf]wg
ug{ x'g] jf gx'g] eGg]] ;DaGwdf ;efd'vn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
^&= k"/s k|Zg M -!_ k|Zgsf] df}lvs pQ/sf] ;DaGwdf c?
:ki6Ls/0f cfjZos ePdf k"/s k|Zgx? ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5g\ .
-@_ k"/s k|Zg d"n k|Zg;Fu :ki6 ?kdf ;Da x'g'
k5{ .
-#_ k|Zg ;DaGwL zt{x? k'/s k|Zgsf] xsdf klg
nfu" x'g]5 .
^*= k|Zg lkmtf{ lng] jf ;fg]{ M -!_ s'g} ;b:on] sfo{;"rLdf gk/]sf]
cfgf] k|Zg h'g;'s} avt lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
33

-@_ s'g} ;b:on] dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ b'O{ lbg

cl3 ;"rgf lbP/ sfo{;"rLdf gk/]sf] cfgf] k|Zg cGo s'g}
lbgsf] lgldQ ;fg{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L ;f/LPsf k|Zgx? dWo]
df}lvs k|Zgx? ;f] ljifosf nflu lgwf{l/t cGo s'g} lbgsf]
sfo{;"rLdf lgwf{l/t ug{ k|of]u ul/g] uf]nfdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
^(= k|Zg pQ/sf] tl/sf M -!_ k|Zg pQ/sf] ;do k|f/De ePkl5
;efd'vn] sfo{;"rLsf] s|dfg';f/ k|Zgstf{ ;b:osf] gfd
af]nfpg] 5 .
-@_ pklgdo -!_ adf]lhd gfd af]nfOPsf] ;b:o jf
lghf/f clws[t ul/Psf] ;b:o cfgf] :yfgdf pleg]5 / k|Zg
;f]Wg] dg;fo ePdf k|Zg;"rLdf /x]sf] cfgf] k|Zgsf] s|d
;+Vof pRrf/0f ug{]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd g;f]lwPsf] k|Zg k|Zg;"rLaf6
:jtM x6]sf] dflgg]5 .
&)= pQ/ lbg c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] M s'g} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbFbf /fli6o
jf ;fj{hlgs lxt jf zflGt ;'/Iff ljk/Lt x'g] b]lvPdf To:tf]
k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
&!= k|Zg kl/jt{g M ;efd'vnfO{ pko'Qm nfu]df df}lvs k|ZgnfO{
lnlvt k|Zgdf / lnlvt k|ZgnfO{ df}lvs k|Zgdf kl/jt{g ug{
;Sg]5 .
&@= cNk ;"rgfsf] k|Zg M -!_ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg h?/L k|Zgx? ;ft lbgeGbf sd
;dosf] ;"rgf lbP/ klg ;f]Wg ;lsg]5 . t/ To;/L k|Zg ;f]Wg'
k/]sf] sf/0f ;"rgfdf :ki6 ?kdf n]Vg' k5{ .
-@_ ;efd'vn] k|ZgnfO{ h?/L / :jLsf/of]Uo 7fg]df
dfq To:tf] k|Zgsf] Psk|lt ;DalGwt dGqLnfO{ k7fO{ lgh;Fu
k/fdz{ u/L To:tf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg] lbg tf]Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd tf]s]sf] lbg k|Zgf]Q/sf]
;"rLdf /x]sf df}lvs k|Zgx? ;dfKt ePkl5 o; lgod
adf]lhd k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsGf]5 .
-$_ o; lgdo adf]lhd ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] ;DalGwt
dGqLn] rfF8f] pQ/ lbg c;dy{tf k|s6 u/]df ;efd'vn]
k|Zgstf{ ;b:onfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbO{ ;f] k|ZgnfO{
34

lgoldt sfo{;"rLsf] ;fdfGo k|Zgdf kl/0ft ug{ / k|fyldstf

lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; lgoddf n]lvP b]lv jfx]s cNk ;"rgfsf]
k|Zgdf klg cGo df}lvs k|Zg ;DaGwL zt{x? nfu" x'g]5g\ .
&#=

&$=

;d;fdlos ljifodf 5nkmn M -!_ ;b:ox?n] cfjZos

dxz'; u/]sf ;d;fdlos ljifo k|:t't ug{sf nflu
;efd'vn] ;bgsf] sfo{af]emnfO{ ljrf/ u/L ;"Go ;do /
ljz]if ;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;dodf k|:t't
ljifox?sf] hjfkm ;DalGwt dGqLn] ;ft lbg leq ;efd'v
dfkm{t ;bgnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
h?/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] k|Zgdf 5nkmn M -!_ a}7sdf
df}lvs jf lnlvt pQ/ lbO;s]sf k|Zgx? dWo]sf] pQ/;Fu
;DalGwt tYodf cem a9L :ki6 jf JofVof ug{ cfjZos
ePsf] s'g} h?/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{sf
nflu ;efd'vn] ;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd 5nkmn ug{ rfxg]
;b:on]] 5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf] ljifo / sf/0f v'nfO{ cGo b'O{
hgf ;b:ox?sf] ;dy{g ;lxtsf] ;"rgf 5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf]
slDtdf tLg lbg cufj} dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ 5nkmn ug{ vf]lhPsf] ljifo h?/L / ;fj{hlgs
dxTjsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ljifosf] lg0f{o ;efd'vn] ug]{5 .
-$_ s'g} Ps lbgsf] lgldQ PseGbf a9L ;"rgf k|fKt
e} ;efd'vaf6 :jLs[t ePdf tL ;"rgfx? dWo] uf]nfk|yff/f
al9df tLgj6f ;"rgf lemsL sfo{;"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
-%_ s'g} lbgsf] nflu /flvPsf] s'g} ljifosf] 5nkmn
;f] lbg g6'+luP klg :jtM ;dfKt ePsf] dlgg]5 .
-^_ 5nkmn ubf{ a}7s ;dIf cf}krfl/s k|:tfj
/flvg] / dt lnOg] 5}g . ;"rgf lbg] ;b:on] Pp6f jQmJo
lbg]5 / ;DalGwt dGqLn] ;+If]kdf To;sf] pQ/ lbg]5 .
35

&%

;"rgf ;dy{g ug]{ ;b:ox?nfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] :ki6Ls/0f

rflxPdf lghx?n] Ps Ps k|Zg ;f]Wg ;Sg]5g\ . ;efd'vn]
cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf afx]s c? ;b:on] k|Zg ug{ kfpg]
5}gg\ .
-&_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL zt{x? o; lgod adf]lhdsf]
k|Zgsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5g\ .
-*_ k|Zg pQ/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfo{Joj:yf
k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
Wofgfsif{0f M -!_ s'g} ;b:on] ;efd'vsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
h/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodfly ;DalGwt dGqLsf]
Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Wofgfsif{0f ul/Psf]df
dGqLn] rfx]df tTsfn a}7sdf hjfkm lbg jf s'g} csf]{ lbg
hjfkm lbgsf] nflu ;do dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;DalGwt dGqLn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hjfkm
lbPkl5 To;dfly s'g} 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
t/ sfo{qmddf plNnlvt ljifosf] ;"rLdf gfd ePsf
;b:oxn] :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / dGqLf/f cGTodf
hjfkm lbOg]5 . o:tf] sfo{;"rLdf Pp6f Wofgfsif{0fdf
tLghgf eGbf a9L ;b:osf] gfd ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Wofgfsif{0f ubf{ Pp6f
a}7sdf Pshgf ;b:on] Ps k6s dfq Wofgfsif{0f ug{
kfpg]5 / Pp6f a}7sdf b'O{ k6seGbf a9L Wofgfsif{0f ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Wofgfsif{0f ug{ rfxg]
;b:on] Ps lbg cufj} ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ s'g} lbgsf] nflu b'O{j6feGbf a9L Wofgfsif{0fsf]
;"rgf ;efd'vaf6 :jLs[t ePdf sfo{;"rLdf /flvg] b'O{j6f
Wofgfsif{0f uf]nfk|yff/f lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .

36

kl/R5]b!@
k|:tfj / tT;DaGwL sfo{ljlwx
&^=

&&=

k|:tfj lagf 5nkmn ug{ g;lsg] M -!_ ;+ljwfg / o;

lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s k|:tfj lagf a}7sdf
s'g} s'/f dfly 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ a}7sdf k]z x'g] k|:tfjdf ;efd'vsf] :jLs[lt
k|fKt ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
k|:tfj ;DaGwL zt{x M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} s'/f /x]sf] k|:tfj
:jLsfo{ x'g] 5}g M
-s_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)% n] aGb]h u/]sf
ljifox? jf ;+ljwfgsf] cGo s'g} Joj:yf
ljk/Lt ePsf],
-v_ PseGbf a9L ljifox ;dfj]z ePsf],
-u_ ljifoj:t' c:ki6 jf clglZrt ePsf],
-3_ sf]/f ts{, cg'dfg, Jo+Uof]lQm, c;Da4,
cfIf]ko'Qm jf c s'g} cg'dflgt jf
cfklQhgs s'/f /x]sf],
-_ s'g} JolQmn] ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L x}l;otn]
afx]s JolQmut x}l;otn] u/]sf] sfd s'/f
;DaGwL cfr/0fsf] pNn]v u/]sf],
-r_ Joj:yflksf;+;b jf o;sf s'g} ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o jf ToxfF ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ljifosf]
cfnf]rgf u/]sf],
-5_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt Goflos jf
cw{Goflos lgsfo jf clwsf/L jf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd hfFra'em ug{, ;'emfj lbg,
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ul7t cfof]u jf ;ldltsf]
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] ljifo pNn]v ePsf],
-h_ rfn"
clwj]zgdf
klxn]
eO;s]sf]
5nkmnnfO{ bf]xf]ofpg] k|of; ul/Psf],
-em_ clzi6 efiff k|of]u ul/Psf],
37

-`_

dlGqkl/ifb\sf] s'g} lg0f{o jf s'g} sf/jfxL

;DaGwL ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ /fli6o ;'/Iff,
cv08tf jf s"6gLlts ;DaGw h:tf
;+j]bgzLn ljifox?df cfFr cfpg ;Sg] egL
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] ljifo
;dfj]z ePsf], /
-6_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zg p7fOPsf] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -5_ df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;efd'vnfO{ ;f] v08df plNnlvt
cfof]u jf ;ldltsf] sfo{df s'g} k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ eGg]
nfu]df hfFra'emsf] sfo{ljlw / sfo{ k|ultsf] ljifo;Dddf
;Lldt /xL k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;efd'vn] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
&*= k|:tfj :jLsf/of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug]{ M s'g} k|:tfj
:jLsf/of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o ;efd'vn] ug]{5 /
To;/L lg0f{o ubf{ ;efd'vn] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfjsf] s'g} c+z
jf k"/} k|:tfj c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&(= 5nkmnsf] lbg / ;dofjlw tf]Sg] M -!_ ;efd'vn]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{af]emnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k|:tfjdfly
5nkmn ug]{ lbg / ;dofjlw tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ 5nkmnsf lgldQ lgwf{l/t ;dofjlw ;dfKt
ePkl5 5nkmn ;dfKt x'g]5 / o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf
n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;efd'vn] d"n ljifodfly lg0f{o k|fKt
ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;a} k|Zgx lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k]z
ug]{5 .
*)= k|:tfj lgliqmo x'g] / k]ml/ p7fpg gkfOg] M -!_ a}7sdf
k|:tfj k]z ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt eO;s]kl5 klg k]z gul/Psf]
k|:tfj :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] rfn" clwj]zgdf s'g} k|:tfjf/f
5nkmn ul/Psf] jf lg0f{o eO;s]sf] j:t'tM pxL ljifo s'g}
cGo k|:tfj jf ;+zf]wgf/f k'gM p7fpg kfOg] 5}g .
*!= lgwf{l/t ;do cufj} 5nkmn ug{ gkfOg] M a}7sdf 5nkmn
ug{sf] lgldQ ;do lgwf{l/t eO;s]sf] s'g} ljifodfly To:tf]
38

*@=

*#=
*$=

*%=
*^=

lgwf{l/t ;do cufj} 5nkmn ug{sf nflu s'g} k|:tfj jf

;+zf]wg Nofpg kfOg] 5}g .
k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;b
;lrjfnodf btf{ eO;s]sf] k|:tfj ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{
k|:tfjsn] lnlvt lgj]bgf/f lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
t/ a}7sdf k]z eO;s]sf] k|:tfj a}7ssf] cg'dlt
lagf lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] 5}g / k|:tfjdfly s'g} ;+zf]wg k]z
ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] ;+zf]wgsf] 6'f] gnfu];Dd k|:tfj lkmtf{
lng ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ PseGbf a9L ;b:oxn] j:t'tM pxL ljifodf
PseGbf a9L k|:tfjx k]z u/]df cfk;L ;xdlt jf
uf]nfk|yff/f lgwf{l/t Pp6f k|:tfjdf dfq 5nkmn x'g]5 .
k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf M k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] ;f] s'/fsf]
lnlvt ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf ckgfOg] sfo{k|0ffnL M o; lgodfjnLsf]
cGo kl/R5]bx? cGtu{t NofOg] k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]xL
kl/R5]bdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] sfo{k|0ffnL ckgfOg]5 / pQm
kl/R5]bxdf gn]lvPsf s'/fxsf] xsdf o; kl/R5]b /
kl/R5]b!# df n]lvPsf s'/fx nfu" x'g]5g\ .
cGo k|:tfj k]z ug{ g;lsg] M lgod *^, *& / **
adf]lhdsf k|:tfjx afx]s o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t cGo s'g}
k|:tfj k]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
;"rgf lagf klg k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{
b]xfosf] s'g} k|:tfj ;"rgf lagf klg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 /
To:tf] k|:tfjf/f s'g} ljjfbf:kb ljifo p7fpg kfOg] 5}g M
-s_ wGojfb 1fkg ug]{,
-v_ a}7s :ylut ug]{,
-u_ k|:tfj tyf ;+zf]wg lkmtf{ lng],
-3_ awfO{ lbg] jf zf]s k|s6 ug]{,
-_ 5nkmn :ylut ug]{,
-r_ 5nkmnsf] cjlw a9fpg],
-5_ a}7ssf] cjlw a9fpg], jf
39

*&=

**=

-h_ 5nkmn ;dfKt ug]{ .

-@_ pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt k|:tfjsf ;DaGwdf
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt k|fKt eO{ a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ePkl5
;efd'vn] pQm k|:tfjnfO{ a}7ssf] lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug]{5 .
h/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] k|:tfj M -!_ s'g} ;b:on] h/L /
;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodfly 5nkmn ug{ rfx]df
tTf\;DaGwL k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf a}7s z' x'g'eGbf sDtLdf b'O{
306f cufj} dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf]
k|:tfjnfO{ sDtLdf b'O{hgf ;b:on] ;dy{g u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfsf] ;fydf pQm
k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f :ki6 kdf pNn]v u/]sf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] ljifo
;efd'vn] h/L / ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] 7xofPdf k|:tfj;Fu
;DalGwt dGqL;Fu k/fdz{ u/L pQm k|:tfjnfO{ :jLs[lt
lbg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[t k|:tfjdfly
5nkmnsf nflu ;efd'vn] a9Ldf b'O{ 306fsf] ;do
tf]Sg]5 . To:tf] k|:tfjdfly tLg lbgleq 5nkmn ul/g]5 .
-%_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfj :jLs[t eO{
;efd'vn] k|:tfjs ;b:osf] gfd lnPkl5 k|:tfjs ;b:on]
;+lIfKt jQmJo lbg]5 . To;kl5 ;efd'vn] 5nkmndf efu
lng] ;b:oxnfO{ ;do lbg]5 .
-^_ 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgxsf] hjfkm ;DalGwt
dGqLn] lbg]5 .
ljnDasf/L k|:tfj M -!_ a}7s :ylut ug]{ k|:tfj jf sfo{
:yug k|:tfj afx]s c s'g} k|:tfj jf ljw]osdfly 5nkmn
eO/x]sf] ;dodf s'g} ;b:on] pQm 5nkmn c s'g} lbgsf]
nflu :ylut ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 / csf]{
s'g} ;b:on] ;f] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g u/]kl5 To:tf] k|:tfjn]
a}7s ;dIf /x]sf cGo k|:tfjxeGbf k|fyldstf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdf s'g} ;+zf]wg
k]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
40

-#_ ;efd'vn] pko'Qm 7xofPdf pklgod -!_

adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdf ;+lIfKt 5nkmn x'g lbO{ lg0f{ofy{
a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ jf
;dy{g ug]{ ;b:on] ;f]xL k|:tfj jf ljw]osdfly 5nkmn
eO/x]sf] ;dodf k'gM To:tf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ jf ;dy{g ug{
kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ k|:tfj k]z ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] b'kof]u u/L
s'g} ;b:on] k|:tfj k]z u/]sf] 5 eGg] nfu]df ;efd'vn]
To:tf] k|:tfjnfO{ c:jLs[t ug{ jf lagf 5nkmn lg0f{ofy{
a}7s ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

(!=

(@=

kl/R5]b!#
;+zf]wgx
*(=

()=

;+zf]wg ;DaGwL zt{x M s'g} k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf

zt{sf cwLgdf /xL ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ d"n k|:tfjsf] l;4fGt ljk/Lt x'g' x'Fb}g .
-v_ d"n k|:tfjsf] s'/f;Fu ;Da4 tyf To;sf]
If]qleqsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-u_ a}7sn] klxn] ul/;s]sf] lg0f{ol;t aflemg]
x'g' x'Fb}g .
-3_ c:ki6 jf lg/y{s x'g' x'Fb}g .
;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf M -!_ ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ rfxg] ;b:on]
k|:tfjdfly ljrf/ ul/g] lbgsf] rf}aL; 306f cufj}
;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnP/ k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn
k|f/De x'g'eGbf cufl8 s'g} klg ;dodf ;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf
k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 k|To]s ;+zf]wgsf]
PsPs k|lt ;a} ;b:oxnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf glbO{ ;+zf]wg k]z
u/]df s'g} klg ;b:on] cfklQ p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
41

;+zf]wg :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ k|:tfjdfly k]z

ul/g] ;+zf]wg :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ ;efd'vnfO{
x'g]5 .
-@_ ;+zf]wg :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
;efd'vn] ;DalGwt ;b:onfO{ ;+zf]wgsf] p2]Zo :ki6 ug{
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
;+zf]wg k]z ug]{ M ;efd'vn] :jLs[t u/]sf] ;+zf]wg jf
;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] k|:tfj jf d"n k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ k]z
ug'{eGbf klxn] a}7sdf k9]/ ;'gfpg]5 . o;/L lg0f{ofy{ k]z
ubf{ PseGbf a9L ;+zf]wgx ePdf ;efd'vn] pko'Qm
7xofPsf] s'g} Ps ;+zf]wg jf ;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] k|:tfj jf
d"n k|:tfjnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b!$
:yug k|:tfj

(#=

k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf / ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt M -!_ o;

lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cToGt h/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf]
s'g} vf; ljifodfly 5nkmn ug{ a}7ssf] sfo{qmd :ylut
ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj ;efd'vsf] cg'dltn] k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/,
-!_ To:tf] k|:tfj lgod cg's"n gePdf jf
;efd'vn] c:jLs[t u/]df / lghn] plrt
7fg]df pQm k|:tfj lgod cg's"n gePsf] jf
c:jLs[t u/]sf] sf/0fsf] hfgsf/L k|:tfjs
;b:onfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|:tfjdf pNn]v ePsf tYosf] ;DaGwdf
;efd'vn] a9L hfgsf/L lng cfjZos
7fg]df k|:tfj :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug'{ cl3
k|:tfjs ;b:o jf dGqLaf6 k|:tfjsf]
tYosf] ljifodf hfgsf/L lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ :yug k|:tfj h'g lbgsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{
vf]lhPsf] xf] ;f] lbg laxfg ;f9] bz ah] leq dxf;lrj jf
42

($=

(%=

(^=
(&=

;lrjnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] k|:tfj ;lxtsf]

;"rgfsf] PsPs k|lt ;efd'v, ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt dGqL /
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqLnfO{ klg lbg' kg]{5 .
;f] ;dokl5 k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgfnfO{ ef]lnkN6 k|fKt ;"rgf
dflgg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL ;"rgf
Ps a}7sdf Pp6f eGbf a9L lbg kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ Pshgf eGbf a9L ;b:on] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgfdf
x:tfIf/ u/]sf] eP klxnf] qmd;+Vofdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ ;b:on]
;"rgf lbPsf] dflgg]5 .
:yug k|:tfj ;DaGwL zt{x M s'g} h/L / ;fj{hlgs
dxTjsf] ljifodfly 5nkmn ug{ a}7s :ylut ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj b]xfosf zt{xsf] cwLgdf /xL k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ k|:tfjsf] ljifo tTsfn 36]sf] 36gf / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] pQ/bfloTjleqsf] x'g' kg]{5,
-v_ lgod && df plNnlvt zt{x k"/f ePsf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
:yug k|:tfj k]z ug]{ a}7ssf] cg'dlt M -!_ ;efd'vn]
lgod (# cg';f/ k|:tfj k]z ug{ cg'dlt lbPdf a}7ssf]
k|f/Dedf ;efd'vn] ;DalGwt ;b:osf] gfd lng]5 /
To;kl5 :yug k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ a}7ssf] cg'dlt dfUg]5 .
-@_ s'g} ;b:on] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf]
lj/f]w u/]df ;efd'vn] cg'dlt lbg rfxg] ;b:oxnfO{
pleg] cfb]z lbg]5 / Ps;Lhgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;b:ox
plePdf a}7ssf] cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug]{ ;do lgwf{/0f M :yug k|:tfjdf
5nkmn ug{ ;efd'vn] a}7ssf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut
u/L ;f]xL lbgsf] s'g} ;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
5nkmnsf] ;dflKt M ;efd'vnfO{ k|:tfjdflysf] 5nkmn
kof{Kt ePsf] nfu]df pQm k|:tfjnfO{ a}7ssf] lg0f{ofy{ k]z
ug]{5 .
43

(*=

jQmJosf] nflu ;do lgwf{/0f M s'g} k|:tfjsf] ;DaGwdf

k|:tfjs, ;dy{s, ;DalGwt dGqL / cGo ;b:oxn] af]Ng]
;do ;efd'vn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b!%
;Nk

((=

;Nk k|:t't ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL

;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] b]xfosf] s'g} ljifodf ;Nk k]z ug{
;lsg]5 M
-s_ /fo jf l;kmfl/; k|s6 ug{,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} sfo{ jf gLltsf]
;dy{g jf lj/f]w k|s6 ug{ jf
k'glj{rf/sf nflu Wofg cfsif{0f ug{, jf
-u_ s'g} ;Gb]z jf lgb]{zg lbg .
-@_ ;efd'vn] pko'Qm / cfjZos 7xofPsf] cGo
s'g} ljifodf ;Nk k]z ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
!))= ;Nksf] ;"rgf M -!_ ;Nk k|:t'tstf{n] cfk"mn] k]z ug{
rfx]sf] ;Nksf] ;"rgf sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj} dxf;lrj
jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} dGqLn] sDtLdf tLg lbgsf] ;"rgf lbO{
;Nk k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ dGqL afx]s c ;b:on] ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt
glnO{ Pp6} clwj]zgdf tLgeGbf a9L ;Nkxsf] ;"rgf
lbg kfpg] 5}g .
!)!= ;Nk ;DaGwL zt{ M o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvPsf] s'/fxsf
cltl/Qm k|:tfjsf ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnLdf Jojl:yt ;a}
zt{x ;Nksf] xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5g\ .
!)@= :jLsf/ of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o M -!_ s'g} ;Nk :jLsf/
of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] k|Zgsf] lg0f{o ;efd'vn] ug]{5 / s'g}
;Nk jf ;sNksf] s'g} c+z ;+ljwfg jf o; lgodfjnLsf]
ljk/Lt ePdf To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ ;efd'vn]
rfx]df sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{ lng ;Sg]5 .
44

!)#
!)$=

!)%=

!)^=

!)&=

-#_ ;efd'vn] pko'Qm b]v]df ;NknfO{ lgod

cg's"n agfpgsf] lgldQ cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;efd'vaf6 a}7sdf k]z ug{ :jLs[t ;\sNksf]
k|lt ;Nk k]z x'g] b'O{ lbg cufj} ;+zf]wg k]z ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
;Nk k]z x'g] M Pp6f a}7sdf Pshgf ;b:osf] PseGbf
a9L ;Nk sfo{;"rLdf /flvg] 5}g / Ps a}7sdf b'O{eGbf
a9L ;Nkx /flvg] 5}gg\ .
;Nk k]z ug]{ t/Lsf M -!_ ;efd'vn] gfd lnPkl5 ;Nk
k|:t't ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] a}7sdf cfgf] ;Nk k]z ug{
;Sg]5 / To;/L ;Nk k]z ubf{ ;Nksf] Joxf]/f k9L jQmJo
lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnP/ s'g} ;b:on] cGo
s'g} ;b:onfO{ cfgf] ;Nk k]z ug{ clws[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;efd'vn] ;b:osf] gfd
lnPkl5 ;f] ;b:on] ;Nk k]z gug]{ OR5f k|s6 ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;DalGwt ;b:on] k]z gu/]sf] ;Nk lghn]
lkmtf{ lnPsf] dflgg]5 .
5nkmnsf] ;dofjlw M ;b:on] ;Nk k|:t't ubf{ /
;DalGwt dGqLn] klxnf] k6s af]Nbf ;efd'vsf] cg'dltn]
aL; ldg]6;Ddsf] ;do kfpg]5 . af]Ng rfxg] cGo
;b:oxsf] ;dofjlwsf] lgwf{/0f ;efd'vn] ug]{5 .
;b:oxn] af]ln;s]kl5 ;DalGwt dGqLn] hjfkm lbg]5 .
;+zf]wg ;DaGwL zt{x M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t k]z
ePsf ;\sNkdfly ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;+zf]wg k]z ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ lgod *( df plNnlvt zt{x ;Nksf]
;+zf]wgsf xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5g\ .
;Nkdf lg0f{o M 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 a}7sn] ;Nkpk/
s'g} ;+zf]wg k]z ePsf] /x]5 eg] klxn] To;sf] lg0f{o u/L
;Nkdf lg0f{o ug]{5 .
45

!)*= :jLs[t ;Nk k7fOg] M dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] a}7sf/f

:jLs[t ul/Psf] k|To]s ;Nksf] PsPs k|lt g]kfn ;/sf/,
dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ / ;DalGwt dGqLnfO{ k7fpg]5 . ;DalGwt
dGqLn] :jLs[t ;Nk sfof{Gjog u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L tTsfn
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} dgfl;j sf/0f k/L ;Nk sfof{Gjog x'g
g;s]sf]df To:tf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L Joj:yflksf
;+;bnfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b!^
cWofb]z ;DaGwL
!)(= cWofb]z k]z M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!$ adf]lhd hf/L
ePsf] cWofb]z hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] ;bgsf] a}7sdf
;DalGwt dGqLn] k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cWofb]z k]z ubf{ To:tf]
cWofb]z hf/L ug'{ k/]sf] kl/l:ylt / sf/0f ;d]tsf] ljj/0f
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!)= cWofb]z c:jLsf/ ug]{ ;"rgf M -!_ cWofb]z c:jLsf/ ug{
k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] To:tf] ;"rgf cWofb]z k]z
ePsf] b'O{ lbgleq dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o;/L ;"rgf lbFbf cWofb]z c:jLs[t ug'{ kgf{sf]
sf/0f ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf PseGbf a9L
k|fKt ePdf cfk;L ;xdlt jf uf]nfk|yff/f s'g} Ps
k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf dfq 5flgg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cWofb]z c:jLsf/ ug]{
s'g} ;"rgf k|fKt gePdf ;efd'vn] ;f] cWofb]z :jLs[t
ul/of];\ egL k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;DalGwt dGqLnfO{ cg'dlt
lbg]5 .
!!!= cWofb]z c:jLs[t ug]{ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ t/Lsf M -!_
;efd'vn] gfd lnPkl5 k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf ug]{ ;b:on] cfgf]
k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 / To;/L k|:tfj k]z ubf{ k|:tfjsf] Joxf]/f
k9L jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 .
46

-@_ ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf ug]{

;b:on] cfgf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ cGo s'g} ;b:onfO{ clws[t
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;efd'vn] ;b:osf] gfd
lnPkl5 ;f] ;b:on] k|:tfj k]z gug]{ OR5f k|s6 ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;DalGwt ;b:on] k]z gu/]sf] k|:tfj lghn]
lkmtf{ lnPsf] dflgg]5 .
!!@= cWofb]z c:jLs[t ug]{ k|:tfjdf 5nkmn M cWofb]z c:jLs[t
ug]{ ;DaGwL k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug{ ;efd'vn] ;do lgwf{/0f
ug]{5 / 5nkmnsf] cGTodf ;DalGwt dGqLn] 5nkmndf
p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm lbg]5 .
!!#= cWofb]z c:jLs[t ug]{ k|:tfjdfly lg0f{o M lgod !!@
adf]lhd dGqLn] hjfkm lbPkl5 ;efd'vn] pQm k|:tfjnfO{
a}7ssf] lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 .
kl/R5]b!&
Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
!!$= ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ cg'dltsf] nflu ;"rgf M -!_ ;+ljwfg /
o; lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} klg ;b:on] ljw]os
k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . ljw]os k|:t't ug{ rfxg] ;b:on]
ljw]ossf] ;fydf p2]Zo, sf/0f / JofVofTds l6Kk0fL
;lxtsf] ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L To;sf] ;"rgf sDtLdf ;ft lbg
cufj} dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] xsdf kfr lbg cufl8
;"rgf lbg' kof{Kt x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} ljw]os P]g ag]kl5 cfly{s Jooef/ x'g]
/x]5 eg] To:tf] ljw]os k]z ubf{ ljw]ossf] ;fydf lj:t[t
ljj/0f ;lxtsf] cfly{s l6Kk0fL klg ;+nUg /xg' kg]{5 .
cfly{s l6Kk0fLdf vr{ ;DaGwL bkmfxk|lt Wofg cfslif{t
u/L ljw]os kfl/t eO{ P]g ag]df x'g ;Sg] k6s] /
;fnj;fnL vr{sf] cg'dflgt ljj/0f klg ;+nUg x'g' kg]{5 .
47

!!%= cfl>t ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;lsg] M a}7s;dIf ljrf/fwLg

/x]sf] s'g} ljw]osdfly k"0f{tM jf cf+lzs kdf cfl>t
ljw]os d"n ljw]os kfl/t gx'Fb} klg k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ d"n ljw]os kfl/t geP;Dd cfl>t ljw]osdfly
ljrf/ ul/g] 5}g .
!!^= ;dfg ljifosf] ljw]os ;"rLdf g/xg] M ;efd'vn] cGoyf
cfb]z lbPdf afx]s s'g} ljw]os ;bgsf] ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]
cj:yfdf p:t} ljifo / p2]Zo ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} cGo
ljw]ossf] ;"rgf ljrf/fwLg ljw]os k|:t't x'g'eGbf cl3 jf
kl5 h'g;'s} ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] eP klg To;nfO{ k|fKt
ljw]ossf] ;"rLdf /flvg] 5}g .
!!&= k|Tofof]lht Joj:yfkg af/] l6Kk0fL M s'g} ljw]osdf sfg"g
agfpg] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] eP To;sf]
sf/0f, k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ cGtu{t agfOg] sfg"gsf] k|s[lt
/ ;Ldf tyf To;af6 kg{ ;Sg] k|efjk|lt Wofgfsif{0f
;lxtsf] lj:t[t l6Kk0fL ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!*= :jLs[t cWofb]z k|lt:yfkg ug]{ ljw]os M /fi6kltaf6 hf/L
ePsf] s'g} cWofb]zsf k|fjwfgxnfO{ oyfjt\ jf ;+zf]wg
;lxt k|lt:yflkt ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 k|:t't ul/g] ljw]ossf]
;fydf pQm sfg"g agfO{ cWofb]zsf] kdf tTsfn} nfu" ug'{
k/]sf] kl/l:ylt / sf/0f ;lxtsf] ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!(= ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ k|lqmof M ljw]os k]z ug{ cg'dlt dfUg]
k|:tfj k|:t't x'g] lbgeGbf b'O{ lbg cufj} k|To]s ;b:onfO{
ljw]ossf] k|lt pknAw u/fOg]5 .
!@)= ljw]os k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfjsf] lj/f]wsf] ;"rgf
M s'g} ljw]os k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfjsf] lj/f]w ug{
rfxg] ;b:on] To;sf] ;"rgf k|:tfj k|:t't x'g] lbgeGbf Ps
lbg cufj} dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!@!= ljw]os k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfj M -!_ ljw]os k|:t't
ug{ cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfjsf] s;}n] lj/f]w u/]df lj/f]wstf{ /
k|:tfjs ;b:onfO{ qmdzM ;efd'vn] ;+lIfKt jQmJo lbg
cg'dlt lbg]5 . tTf\kZrft\ ;f] k|Zgdfly 5nkmn x'g glbO{
;efd'vn] a}7ssf] lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 .
48

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt

k|fKt ePdf k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ljw]osnfO{ tTsfn ;bg
;dIf k|:t't ug]{5 / ljw]os k|:t't eO;s]kl5sf] s'g}
;dodf lghn] b]xfosf] s'g} Pp6f k|:tfj k|:t't ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg], jf
-v_ ljw]osnfO{ hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ug{sf]
lgldQ k|rf/ ul/of];\ eGg] .
-#_ ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] pklgod -@_
adf]lhd s'g} k|:tfj k]z u/]sf]df cGo s'g} ;b:on] ;f]xL
pklgod adf]lhd csf]{ k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@@= ljw]osdflysf] ;fdfGo 5nkmn M lgod !@! sf] pklgod @_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn x'Fbf
ljw]ossf] ;}4flGts kIfdf dfq 5nkmn ul/g]5 . To;/L
5nkmn ubf{ ljw]ossf] dg;fo :ki6 ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf
afx]s ljw]ossf bkmfxdfly 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g /
ljw]osdfly s'g} ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
!@#= hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ s'g} ljw]osnfO{
hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ug{sf lgldQ k|rf/ ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] /fo ;ng ul/g]
lgwf{l/t cjlw pNn]v u/L ;f] ljw]osnfO{ g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sflzt ug'{sf ;fy} cGo pko'Qm dfWodf/f klg k|rf/ ug{
;Sg]5 / lgwf{l/t cjlwleq k|fKt ePsf /fox ;ng u/L
;efd'v dfkm{t k|:t'tstf{ ;b:onfO{ lbg]5 .
-@_ hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ug]{ cGo k|lqmof
;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@$= hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ePkl5sf] sfo{ljlw M lgod !@# sf]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt eP;Ddsf] /fo ;+nUg u/L
k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] hgtfsf] k|ltlqmof ;lxtsf] ;f]
ljw]osdfly ;bgdf ljrf/ ul/of];\ egL k|:tfj k|:t't ug{
;Sg]5 .
!@%= ;fdfGo 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5sf] sfo{ljlw M -!_
ljw]osdfly ;fdfGo 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 k|:t'tstf{
49

;b:on] b]xfosf] s'g} Ps k|:tfj k|:t't ug{

;Sg]5 M
-s_ ljw]osdflysf] bkmfjf/ 5nkmn ;bgdf
ul/of];\ eGg], jf
-v_ bkmfjf/ 5nkmnsf] nflu ljw]osnfO{
;DalGwt ;ldltdf k7fOof];\ eGg] .
-@_ k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g}
k|:tfj k]z u/]sf]df cGo s'g} ;b:on] ;f]xL pklgod
adf]lhdsf] csf]{ k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@^= k|:tfj k]z ug{ clws[t ug{ ;lsg] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{
;b:o :jo+ pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ 5 eGg] s'/fdf ;efd'v
;Gt'i6 ePdf k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] clws[t u/]sf] cGo s'g}
;b:onfO{ ;f] ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;efd'vn]
cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
!@&= ljw]osdf ;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf M -!_ ljw]osdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{
rfxg] s'g} klg ;b:on] ljw]osdflysf] ;fdfGo 5nkmn
;dfKt ePsf] axQ/ 306fleq cfk"mn] k]z ug{ rfx]sf]
;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] k|fKt ;+zf]wgxsf] ljj/0f
;b:oxnfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .
!@*= ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL zt{x M -!_ b]xfosf zt{xsf cwLgdf
/xL ljw]osdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ ;+zf]wg ljw]ossf] ljifo;Fu ;Da4 /
ljw]ossf] kl/lwleqsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ ;+zf]wg ljw]osdf lglxt l;4fGtsf] ljk/Lt
x'g' x'Fb}g .
-u_ ;+zf]wg c:ki6 jf lg/y{s x'g' x'Fb}g .
-3_ s'g} bkmfdf ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;+zf]wg pQm
bkmfdf /x]sf] s'/f;Fu ;Da4 x'g' kg]{5 .
-_ ;+zf]wg ;bgf/f k"j{ :jLs[t l;4fGt jf
lg0f{osf] ljk/Lt x'g' x'Fb}g .
-r_ ;+zf]wgdf ljw]ossf] s'g bkmfsf] s'g
Joj:yf jf zAbfjnLsf] ;fdf s] s:tf]
50

Joj:yf jf zAbfjnL /fVg vf]lhPsf] xf]

eGg] s'/f :ki6 v'nfPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;efd'vnfO{ o; lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g}
;+zf]wgnfO{ :jLs[t ug]{, c:jLs[t ug]{ jf ;DalGwt
;b:onfO{ af]nfO{ To;df ;'wf/ ug]{ jf Ps} cfzosf PseGbf
a9L ;+zf]wgxnfO{ PsLs[t u/L :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
!@(= ;+zf]wgxsf] qmd M ;efd'vaf6 :jLs[t ePsf ;+zf]wgx
oyf;Dej qmd ldnfO{ ;+zf]wgsf] ;"rLdf /flvg]5g\ .
!#)= ;+zf]wg ;lxt bkmfjf/ 5nkmn M -!_ ;+zf]wgdf ljrf/ ubf{
;fdfGotof ljw]ossf bkmfxsf] qmdfg';f/ ul/g]5 /
;efd'vn] gfd af]nfPsf] ;b:on] jf lghn] clws[t u/]sf]
;b:on] ;+zf]wg k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ 5nkmnaf6 oyfjt /x]sf] jf ;+zf]wg :jLsf/
ul/Psf] k|To]s bkmfsf ;DaGwdf qmdfg';f/ ;efd'vn] of]
bkmf ljw]ossf] c agf];\ eGg] k|:tfj lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug]{5 .
t/ ;dosf] ldtJolotfsf] nflu 5nkmndf
bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg Ps} bkmf jf ;f] cGtu{t k|fKt cGof]Gofl>t
;+zf]wgxnfO{ Ps;fy 5nkmn ug]{ cg'dlt lbg ;lsg]5 /
bkmfxdflysf] 5nkmnsf] qmddf ljw]ossf] s'g} efu jf
bkmfnfO{ cl3kl5 u/L 5nkmndf /fVg jf s'g} efu jf
bkmfnfO{ kl5 ljrf/ ug]{ u/L d'ntaL /fVg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg of] lgod / lgod !#!, !#@, !## / !#$ sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;ldltdf ljw]osdfly bkmfjf/
5nkmn x'bfsf] cj:yfdf ;efd'v eGgfn] ;DalGwt
;ldltsf] ;efkltnfO{ / a}7s eGgfn] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf]
a}7snfO{ ;d]t hgfp5 .
!#!= ;+zf]wg lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] M ;+zf]wg k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on]
a}7ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+zf]wg lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ;+zf]wgdfly klg ;+zf]wg k|:t't ePsf]df ;f]
;+zf]wgsf] 6'f] gnfu];Dd d"n ;+zf]wgnfO{ lkmtf{ lng ;lsg]
5}g .
51

!#@=

cg';"rLxdfly 5nkmn M ;efd'vn] cGoyf lg0f{o u/]df

afx]s ljw]osdf /x]sf cg';"rL / To;df k|fKt
;+zf]wgxdflysf] 5nkmn ;DalGwt bkmfdflysf] 5nkmnsf]
nuQ} kl5 ul/g]5 / a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] nflu /flvg] k|Zg klg
;f]xL qmddf k|:t't ul/g]5 .
!##= bkmfxnfO{ ;d"xLs[t kdf lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug{ ;lsg] M
;efd'vn] plrt ;Dem]df ljw]ossf bkmfx cyjf
cg';"rLx jf s'g} ;+zf]lwt bkmfx cyjf cg';"rLx
a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] nflu ;d"xLs[t kdf /fVg klg ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ;b:on] bkmf jf cg';"rLx jf
;+zf]lwt bkmfx jf cg';"rLx a}7ssf] lg0f{osf nflu
5'f5'} k|:t't ul/of];\ egL cg'/f]w u/]df ;efd'vn] 5'f5'}
k|:t't ug]{5 .
!#$= k|:tfjgf / gfdsf] k|:t'lt M ljw]ossf cGo ;a} bkmfx /
cg';"rLx eP ;f] ;d]t pk/ lg0f{o ePkl5 dfq ;efd'vn]
ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf / gfd ;DaGwL bkmfnfO{ d"n kdf jf
;+zf]lwt kdf ljw]ossf] c agfOof];\ egL cGTodf k|:tfj
ug]{5 .
!#%= lgb]{zg lbg ;lsg] M ;bgdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g}
ljw]osnfO{ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf k7fpFbf jf ;DalGwt
;ldltdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf klg ljw]ossf] kl/lw
jf d"n p2]ZonfO{ lj:t[t ug{ jf s'g} ljz]if k|fjwfgnfO{
;dfj]z ug{ jf gug{ ;bgn] ;DalGwt ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] lgb]{zg ljw]ossf] d"n efjgf ljk/Lt x'g'
x'Fb}g .
!#^= ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg M ;DalGwt ;ldltdf
ljw]osdfly bkmfjf/ 5nkmn ;dfKt eO{ lgod !#$ sf]
sfo{ljlw k"/f ePkl5 ;DalGwt ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;efkltn] jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf
;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] cGo s'g} ;b:on]
k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] ljw]os a}7sdf k]z ug]{5 .
52

!#&= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] M -!_ ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on]

ljw]os lkmtf{ lng cg'dlt dfUg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfx]df Ps
lbg cufj} ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf]
cj:yfdf ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] cg'dltsf] nflu k|:tfj k|:t't
ePdf ;DalGwt ;ldltn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf
k]z ug]{5 .
-#_ ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]
k|:tfjs ;b:on] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj k|:t't
ug]{5 .
-$_ ljw]osnfO{ lkmtf{ lng] k|:tfjsf] s;}n] lj/f]w
u/]df k|:tfj ug]{ tyf lj/f]w ug]{ ;b:onfO{ ;efd'vn] cf
cfgf] s'/fx :ki6 kfg{ ;+lIfKt jQmJo lbg cg'dlt lbg
;Sg]5 / To;kl5 c 5nkmn x'g glbO{ k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{
k]z ug]{5 .
!#*= ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ePkl5sf] sfo{ljlw M -!_
;DalGwt ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't ePkl5 ;f] k|ltj]bg ;a}
;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
-@_ ;efd'vn] cGoyf cfb]z lbPdf afx]s ;DalGwt
;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ljt/0f ePsf] rf}aL; 306fkl5sf] s'g}
;dodf ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] b]xfosf] s'g} k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] ljw]osdfly 5nkmn
ul/of];\ eGg], jf
-v_ s'g} vf; bkmf jf bkmfxsf ;DaGwdf
k'gM ljrf/fy{ lgb]{zg ;lxt ;DalGwt
;ldltdf ljw]os lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] .
-#_ k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g}
k|:tfj k]z u/]sf]df cGo s'g} ;b:on] ;f]xL pklgod
adf]lhdsf] csf]{ k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ul/Pdf
;efd'vn] ;f] k|:tfjs ;b:onfO{ / ljw]os k|:t'tstf{
;b:onfO{ af]Ng df}sf lbg]5 / o;/L b'j} hgfn] af]ln;s]kl5
53

k|:tfjs ;b:on] k|:tfj lkmtf{ glnPdf c? 5nkmn x'g

glbO{ ;f] k|:tfjnfO{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{ofy{ k]z
ug]{5 .
-%_ ljw]osnfO{ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fpg]
lg0f{o ePdf ;f] ljw]osdfly k'gM ljrf/ u/L k|ltj]bg k]z
ug{ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k'gM ljrf/fy{ lkmtf{
cfPsf] ljw]osdfly ;DalGwt ;ldltn] oyfzL3| ljrf/ u/L
lgod !#^ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] ljw]os a}7sdf
k|:t't ug]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt ;ldltn] k]z
u/]sf] k|ltj]bg ;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ePkl5 ;efd'vn]
tf]s]sf] lbg / ;dodf k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] pklgod -@_ sf]
v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -s_ jf pklgod -&_
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePkl5 ;DalGwt ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;DaGwL ljw]ossf bkmfx? tyf cfg'if\lus
cGo bkmfxdf dfq 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!#(= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ k|:tfj M a}7sdf bkmfjf/ 5nkmn
ePsf]df ;f] ;dfKt ePkl5 / ;DalGwt ;ldltdf bkmfjf/
5nkmn ePsf]df ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdflysf] 5nkmn ;dfKt
eO{ ;+zf]wgxnfO{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{ofy{ qmdzM k]z
ul/;s]kl5 ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ljw]os kfl/t
ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{5 .
!$)= ljw]os btf{ nutaf6 x6fOg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
ljw]osnfO{ ;bgsf] btf{ nutaf6 x6fOg]5 M
-s_ ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] k]z u/]sf]
b]xfosf] k|:tfj a}7sn] c:jLs[t u/]df M
-!_
ljw]os k|:t't ug{ cg'dlt kfpF eGg],
-@_
ljw]osdfly jf ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg
;lxtsf] ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\
eGg], jf
54

-#_

ljw]os jf ;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] ljw]os

kfl/t ul/of];\ eGg] .
-v_ lgod !#( adf]lhd k|:t't k|:tfj c:jLs[t
ePdf,
-u_ ljw]os lkmtf{ lnPdf,
-3_ u}/ ;/sf/L ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:o
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df jf,
-_ u}/ ;/sf/L ljw]os kfl/t gx'Fb} k|:t'tstf{
;b:o dGqL ePdf .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd btf{ nutaf6 x6fOPsf]
ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf a}7sdf s'g} k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg]
5}g .
!$!= ;fdfGo q'l6x ;'wfg]{ ;efd'vsf] clwsf/ M ;efd'vn]
a}7saf6 kfl/t eO;s]sf] ljw]osdf cfjZos b]v]df
ljw]ossf bkmfxsf] ;+Vofsf] qmd ldnfpg cfjZos
cfg'if\lus ;'wf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$@= ljw]ossf] k'gM k|:t'lt M Ps k6s a}7saf6 c:jLs[t ePsf]
ljw]os ;f]xL clwj]zgdf k'gM k|:t't ul/g] 5}g .
!$#= ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 kfl/t
ljw]os ;efd'vn] k|dfl0ft u/L k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 kfl/t ljw]os ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f !!# sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd /fi6kltf/f k|df0fLs/0f
ePkl5 P]g aGg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /fi6kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f
ePsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 ;efd'vn] ;f] ;"rgf a}7sdf k9]/
;'gfpg]5 . clwj]zg rfn" gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;"rgf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;"rgf kqdf k|sfzg u/fO{ To;sf]
k|rf/ k|;f/ ;d]t ug{ nufpg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f ul/Psf]
ljw]ossf] Ps k|lt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clen]vdf /fvL
csf]{ PsPs k|lt /fi6kltsf] sfof{no, k|wfgdGqL tyf
55

dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{no / sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf

dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!$$= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL ljw]ossf] sfo{ljlw M -!_
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&$ adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{
ljw]ossf ;DaGwdf o; lgodsf cwLgdf /xL o;
kl/R5]bsf] sfo{ljlw nfu" x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ljw]osdf pNn]v
ePsf wf/f, pkwf/f, v08, pkv08 jf :ki6Ls/0f hxfF
;+zf]wg k|:tfj k]z ul/Psf] 5 ;f]xL a'Fbfdf dfq ;+zf]wg
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ljw]os / ;f]
;DaGwdf k|fKt ;+zf]wg k|:tfjdfly bkmfjf/ 5nkmn u/L
a}7sdf k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu
;efd'vn] a}7ssf] cg'dlt lnO{ ljz]if ;ldlt u7g ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL ljw]ossf] k|To]s wf/f
jf pkwf/f jf To;df k|:t't ePsf] ;+zf]wg ;efd'vn] Ps
Ps u/L lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljw]os kfl/t ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtaf6
:jLs[t ePdf ljw]os kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-^_ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljw]os kfl/t ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] dt ljefhgf/f lglZrt
ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b!*
/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
!$%= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!( adf]lhd
cy{ dGqLn] a}7sdf /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfg k|:t't
ug]{5 .
56

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s

cg'dfg k|:t't ePkl5 a;]sf]] a}7sdf cy{ dGqLn] /fh:j /
Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfgsf] Ps k|lt 6]a'n ug]{5 .
-#_ /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfg 6]a'n ul/Psf]
lbg To;df 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
!$^= /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfgdfly 5nkmn M -!_ cy{
dGqLn] a}7sdf cy{ ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ cg'dltsf] nflu
k|:tfj k|:t't ug'{ cl3 /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfgdfly
;fdfGo 5nkmn ug{sf] lgldQ ;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqL jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} dGqL;Fu
k/fdz{ u/L lbg tyf ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg /
;dofjlwleq /fh:j / Joosf] jflif{s cg'dfgdfly ;fdfGo
5nkmn ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnsf] k|f/De cy{
dGqLsf] jQmJoaf6 x'g]5 / 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgxsf] pQ/
cy{ dGqLn] cGTodf lbg]5 .
!$&= k"/s cg'dfg M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@! adf]lhd cy{ dGqLn]
a}7sdf k"/s cg'dfg k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k"/s cg'dfg k|:t't ubf{
cy{ dGqLn] To;sf] p2]Zo / sf/0f :ki6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k"/s cg'dfg k|:t't
ul/Psf] lbg To;df 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ k"/s cg'dfgdfly ;fdfGo 5nkmn ug{sf] lgldQ
;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqL jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf]
cGo s'g} dGqL;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lbg tyf ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg tyf
;dofjlw leq k"/s cg'dfgdfly 5nkmn ul/g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnsf] k|f/De cy{
dGqLsf] jQmJoaf6 x'g]5 / 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgxsf] pQ/
cy{ dGqLn] cGTodf lbg]5 .
57

!$*= Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ k|To]s dGqfnosf] lgldQ k|:tfj

ul/Psf] vr{sf] /sd ;fdfGotM 5'f5'} zLif{s cGtu{t /fVg'
kg]{5 .
t/ cy{ dGqLn] b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L dGqfnox /
ljefuxsf] lgldQ k|:tfj ul/Psf] vr{sf] /sd Pp6}
zLif{sdf ;dfj]z ug{ jf vf; dGqfnox cGtu{t ;xh
kdf juL{s/0f ug{ g;lsg] vr{sf] /sdx Pp6} zLif{s
cGtu{t /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|To]s zLif{sdf klxn] ;a} k|:tfljt vr{ /sdsf]
ljj/0f / To;kl5 pkzLif{sxdf ljeflht k|To]s vr{
/sdsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . To:tf]
ljj/0fdfly a}7sdf 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] /sdxsf]
xsdf a}7ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g .
kl/R5]b!(
ljlgof]hg tyf cy{ ljw]os ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
!$(= ljlgof]hg ljw]os ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg ljw]ossf]
;DaGwdf o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfOg]5 .
-@_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os k|:t't ug'{ k"j{ a}7sdf ah]6
tof/Lsf nflu ljlgof]hg ljw]ossf l;4fGt / k|fyldstf
;DaGwdf -s/ k|:tfj afx]s_ 5nkmn ul/of];\ egL cy{
dGqLn] k|:tfj /fVg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ul/g] 5nkmnsf] sfo{ljlw
sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmn a}7sdf
ljlgof]hg ljw]os k|:t't x'g' eGbf sDtLdf klg kGw| lbg
k"j{ g} ;dfKt eO;Sg' kg]{5 .
58

-%_ a}7sdf jflif{s cg'dfgdfly 5nkmn ;dfKt

ePkl5 pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df
cy{dGqLn] ljlgof]hg ljw]os k|:t't ug]{5 .
-^_ ljlgof]hg ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqL jf lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} dGqL;Fu k/fdz{ u/L
ljw]ossf ljleGg zLif{sxdfly 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug{sf]
lgldQ lbg tyf ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
-&_ ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf lglb{i6 u/L /flvPsf] k|To]s
zLif{sdfly 5'f5'} jf ;d"xLs[t kdf 5nkmn ul/g]5 /
o:tf] 5nkmn bnLo ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df dfq u/fOg]5 .
-*_ pklgod -&_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmnsf] qmddf s'g}
zLif{sdfly p7]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;DalGwt dGqLn]
5nkmnsf] cGTodf lbg]5 .
-(_ s'g} zLif{snfO{ lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug'{ cl3 ;f]
zLif{ssf] ;DaGwdf bnLo ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf
vr{ s6f}tLsf k|:tfjxdWo] Ps} k|s[ltsf] k|:tfj Ps eGbf
a9L ePdf s'g} Psdf dfq 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o ul/g]5 .
-!)_ Pp6} zLif{ssf] vr{ /sd;Fu ;DalGwt 5'f5'}
k|:tfjx k|:t't ul/Pdf jflif{s cg'dfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]
;DalGwt zLif{sxsf] qmdfg';f/ 5nkmn ul/g]5 .
-!!_ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg tyf
;dofjlwsf] cGTodf 5nkmn ug{ afsL /x]sf ;a}
zLif{sxnfO{ 5nkmn lagf g} ;efd'vn] lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf
k|:t't ug]{5 .
!%)= vr{ s6f}tLsf] k|:tfj M -!_ s'g} zLif{ssf] vr{ /sd 36fpg
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sdnfO{ 36fO{ Ps k}ofF
ul/of];\ eGg],
-v_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sddf plNnlvt vr{ /sd
36fOof];\ eGg], jf
-u_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sddf Ps ;o k}ofF
36fOof];\ eGg] .
59

-@_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sdnfO{ 36fO{ Ps k}ofF

ul/of];\ egL k|:t't ul/Psf] k|:tfjnfO{ zLif{sdf lglxt
gLltsf] c;xdlt k|s6 ug{ k|:t't ul/Psf] dflgg]5 . To:tf]
k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf lbg] ;b:on] 5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf] gLltsf]
Joxf]/f :ki6 / oyfy{ kdf ;"rgfdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
k|:tfjdf plNnlvt vf; aF'bf jf aF'bfxdf ;Lldt /xL
5nkmn ul/g]5 / To;df ;b:oxn] j}slNks gLltsf]
;'emfj lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sddf plNnlvt vr{ /sd
36fOof];\ egL k|:t't ul/Psf] k|:tfjnfO{ ldtJolotf
cjnDag ug{ k|:t't ul/Psf] dflgg]5 . To:tf] k|:tfjf/f
zLif{sdf plNnlvt vr{ /sd Psd'i6 36fpg] jf zLif{ssf]
s'g} pkzLif{snfO{ vf/]h ug]{ jf To:tf] pkzLif{ssf] vr{
/sd 36fpg] s'/f k|:tfljt x'g ;Sg]5 . To:tf] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ rfx]sf] ;"rgfdf 5nkmn ug{ vf]h]sf] ljifo ;+lIfKt /
oyfy{ kdf v'nfPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn
ubf{ ldtJolotf s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf dfq
5nkmn ul/g]5 .
-$_ zLif{ssf] vr{ /sddf Ps ;o k}of
36fOof];\ egL k|:t't ul/Psf] k|:tfjnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
hjfkmb]xL If]qleqsf] s'/fdf k|:tfjs ;b:onfO{ lrQ
ga'em]sf] s'/f k|s6 ug{ k|:t't ul/Psf] ;f+s]lts s6f}tLsf]
k|:tfj dflgg]5 / To:tf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ lbPsf] ;"rgfdf
plNnlvt lrQ ga'em]sf] vf; s'/fdf dfq 5nkmn ul/g]5 .
!%!= s6f}tLsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL zt{x M s'g} zLif{ssf] vr{ /sd
36fpg k|:t't ul/g] k|:tfj :jLsf/of]Uo x'gsf] lgldQ lgod
&& adf]lhdsf zt{xsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{x k"/f
ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M
-s_ s'g} Ps zLif{s;Fu dfq ;DalGwt x'g' kg]{5,
-v_ vr{sf] /sdnfO{ j[l4 ug{ jf vr{ /sdsf]
:yfgfGt/ ug{ vf]h]sf] x'g' x'Fb}g,
-u_ s'g} Ps ljz]if ljifo oyfy{ kdf v'nfPsf]
x'g' kg]{5,
60

-3_

!%@=

!%#=

!%$=
!%%=

!%^=

s'g} sfg"g ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug{sf] lgldQ

;'emfj ul/Psf] x'g' x'Fb}g,
-_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/f]sf/sf] If]qleqsf] ljifo
x'g' kg]{5,
-r_ ;+lrt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd;Fu
;DalGwt x'g' x'Fb}g,
-5_ s'g} a}7sdf 5nkmn ug{sf] lgldQ ;do
lgwf{l/t eO;s]sf] ljifodfly To:tf] lgwf{l/t
;do cufj} 5nkmn ug]{ s'/f p7fPsf] x'g'
x'Fb}g .
s6f}tLsf] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf M s'g} zLif{sdf vr{ /sd 36fpg
k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] ljlgof]hg ljw]os k|:t't
ePkl5 ;DalGwt zLif{sdfly ljrf/ ul/g] lbgsf] b'O{ lbg
cufj} k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;"rgf lbFbf Ps
dGqfnodf Ps bnsf] tk{maf6 Psdfq ;"rgf lbg ;lsg]5 .
vr{ s6f}tLsf] k|:tfj pk/ lg0f{o M s'g} s6f}tLsf] k|:tfj
:jLsf/of]Uo 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o ;efd'vn] ug]{5 .
pQm k|:tfj o; lgodfjnLsf] k|lts"n b]lvPdf ;efd'vn] ;f]
k|:tfjnfO{ sf/0f vf]nL c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
s6f}tLsf] k|:tfjdfly ;+zf]wg k]z ug{df aGb]h M s'g}
zLif{sdf vr{ /sd 36fpg] k|:tfjdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg]
5}g .
k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@@ adf]lhd cy{
dGqLn] a}7sdf k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k]ZsL vr{ ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf ;efd'vn]
pko'Qm 7xofPsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfOg]5 .
-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@@ sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf]
ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ / kfl/t ug]{ sfo{ljlw k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os
;/x x'g]5 .
cfly{s ljw]os M -!_ jflif{s cg'dfg k|:t't ePsf] nuQ} kl5
a;]sf] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] a}7sdf cy{ dGqLn] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] cy{ ;DaGwL k|:tfjxnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ag]sf]
cfly{s ljw]os k|:t't ug]{5 .
61

-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]

eP tfklg cfly{s ljw]ossf ;DaGwdf o; lgoddf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfOg]5 .
-#_ cfly{s ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj
k]z eO{ :jLs[t ePkl5 ;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqL jf lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf lghn] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} dGqL;Fu k/fdz{ u/L
;f] ljw]osdf 5nkmn ug]{ lbg tyf ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
-$_ cfly{s ljw]osdfly 5nkmn ubf{ s'g} klg
;b:on] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hjfkmb]xL If]qleqsf] k|zf;lgs
sfo{, :yfgLo ;d:of jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] df}lb|s Pj+ cfly{s
gLlt;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoxdfly 5nkmn ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ cfly{s ljw]ossf ;DaGwdf o; lgoddf pNn]v
ul/Pb]lv afx]s ;efd'vn] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfOg]5 .
!%&= k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]os M -!_ k"/s cg'dfgdfly 5nkmn
;dfKt ePkl5 cy{ dGqLn] a}7sdf k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]os
k|:t't ug]{5 .
-@_ k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]os ;DaGwdf klg
ljlgof]hg ljw]os ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ckgfOg]5 .
!%*= pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@# adf]lhd cy{
dGqLn] a}7sdf pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:t't ul/Psf] ljw]ossf]
;DaGwdf ;efd'vn] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfOg]5 .
kl/R5]b@)
ljZjf; jf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj
!%(= ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf] pkwf/f
-!@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLn] cfk"mdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fgL
ljZjf;sf] dtsf] nflu a}7s;dIf k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ rfx]df
To;sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
62

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] ;"rgf k|:tfjdfly

5nkmn x'g] lbgeGbf b'O{ lbg cufj} lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ;efd'v;dIf k]z ug]{5 / ;efd'vn]
a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{ lbg / ;do tf]Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg / ;dodf
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ k|wfgdGqLn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfgf]
jQmJo lbO{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug{
;efd'vn] ;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5 / ;f] ;dofjlwsf] cGtdf
k|wfgdGqL jf lgh c:j:y eO{ jf sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
k/L a}7sdf cfkm}+} pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ ePdf lghf/f
clws[t s'g} dGqLn] 5nkmnsf] qmddf p7]sf k|Zgxsf]
hjfkm lbg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL jf lghf/f
clws[t s'g} dGqLn] hjfkm lbPkl5 ;efd'vn] k|wfgdGqLdfly
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5 jf 5}g eGg] k|Zg lg0f{ofy{
a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-&_ ljZjf;sf] k|:tfjdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsfsf]
lg0f{o dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
!^)= cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(* sf] pkwf/f !#_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljZjf;
5}g egL Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps
rf}yfO{ ;b:oxn] lnlvt kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfxg]
;b:oxn] sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;f] s'/fsf] lnlvt
;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5
;efd'vn] k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn x'g] lbg / ;do tf]sL ;f] s'/f
;a} ;b:oxsf] clu|d hfgsf/Lsf nflu ;"rgfkqdf
k|sfzg ug]{5 .
63

-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg / ;dodf

k|:tfjs ;b:oxdWo] klxnf] x:tfIf/stf{ jf lghn] clws[t
u/]sf] ;b:osf] gfd ;efd'vn] af]nfPkl5 ;f] ;b:on]
a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 / lghn] rfx]df k|:tfj k]z ug'{
cl3 ;f] ;DaGwdf cfgf] jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ug{
;efd'vn] ;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5 / ;f] ;dofjlwsf] cGtdf
k|wfgdGqL jf lgh c:j:y eO{ jf sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
k/L a}7sdf cfkm}+} pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ ePdf lghf/f
clws[t s'g} dGqLn] k|:tfj / 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgxsf]
hjfkm lbg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL jf lghf/f
clws[t s'g} dGqLn] hjfkm lbPkl5 k|:tfjs ;b:on]
a}7ssf] cg'dlt lnO{ k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd k|:tfjs ;b:on] k|:tfj
lkmtf{ glnPdf ;efd'vn] pQm k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf
k|:t't ug]{5 .
-*_ cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
lg0f{o dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
-(_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 :jtM
kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b@!
/fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
!^!=

/fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt lj4 dxfleof]u k|:tfj M -!_

/fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g
u/]sf] egL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(& sf] pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd
/fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt lj?4 s'g} ;b:on] a}7sdf
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ rfx]df Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{
;b:oxsf] ;dy{g k|fKt u/L dxfleof]u k|:tfj k]z ug'{
64

k/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;"rgf

dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrjn] ;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfj btf{
ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbg leq a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] u/L lbg /
;do tf]lsg]5 .
-#_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg rfn' g/x]sf]]
cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;b:on]
To:tf] k|:tfj btf{ ePsf] ldltn] al9df kGw| lbg leq a}7s
a:g] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (# sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd
clwj]zg cfXjfg ;d]tsf] dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg / ;dodf
;efd'vn]] gfd af]nfPkl5 k|:tfjs ;b:on] dxfleof]usf]
k|:tfj a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 / lghn] rfx]df k|:tfj k]z ug'{
cl3 jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5
;efd'vn]] ;f] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn x'g] ;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5
/ ;f] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 k|:tfjs ;b:on] rfx]df
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] cg'dlt lnO{ k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj lkmtf{ glnPdf
;efd'vn]] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf P3f/ hgf ;b:o /x]sf]
hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{ a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 . To;/L
k|:tfj k]z ubf{ cf/f]k nfu]sf] kbflwsf/L;Fu :ki6Ls/0f
dfUg], k|df0f a'g] / ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu ;dfJxfg hf/L ug]{
clwsf/ ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdf s'g} klg
;b:on] ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ k]z ePsf ;+zf]wgxdf lg0f{o ePkl5 hfFra'em
;ldltsf] u7g ;DaGwL k|:tfj jf ;+zf]lwt k|:tfjnfO{
;efd'vn]] lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug]{
k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj ;lxtsf cfjZos
65

sfuhftx ;efd'vn]] hfFra'em ;ldltdf k7fpg]5 / ;f]

s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L / lgsfonfO{ lbg]5 .
-!)_ hfFra'em ;ldltsf ;b:oxn] cfk"mdWo]af6
;ldltsf] ;efklt 5fGg]5g\ .
!^@= hfFra'em ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw M -!_ ;efd'vn]] cGoyf lg0f{o
u/]df afx]s hfFra'em ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw u7g ePsf] ldltn]
a9Ldf PSsfO{; lbgsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq
hfFra'em ;ldltn] cfgf] sfo{ k"/f ug{ g;s]df To;sf]
sf/0f v'nfO{ Dofb yksf] nflu ;efd'v dfk{mt a}7s;dIf
cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 / a}7sn] al9df ;ft lbgsf] Dofb yk
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!^#= hfFra'em ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
;lxtsf] sfuhft k|fKt ePkl5 hfFra'em ;ldltn] oyfzL3|
sf/jfxL z' ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ hfFra'em ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] ;efd'vsf]
lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug]{5 .
-#_ hfFra'em ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnosf cltl/Qm cGo clwsf/Lsf]
klg ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
!^$= hfFra'em ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg M -!_ hfFra'em ;ldltn] k|To]s
cf/f]ksf] 5fglag u/L dxfleof]u nfu]sf] kbflwsf/LnfO{
;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf ;d]t lbO{ ;a} tYoxdf
ljrf/ u/L dxfleof]u k|dfl0ft x'G5 jf x'Fb}g ;f] s'/fsf] 7x/
u/L sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg
a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf
5nkmn x'g] lbgsf] sDtLdf b'O{ lbg cufj} ;f] k|ltj]bg ;a}
;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
!^%= hfFra'em ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ M -!_ ;efd'vn]]
tf]s]sf] lbg / ;dodf hfFra'em ;ldltsf] ;efklt jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;efd'vn]] tf]s]sf] ;f] ;ldltsf] s'g}
66

;b:on] ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ egL a}7sdf

k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]
k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5nkmn x'Fbf s'g} ;b:on]
;f] k|ltj]bgdf ;efd'vn]] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] kdf ;+zf]wg
k]z ug{ jf s'g} ljz]if s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf k'gM 5fglag ug{
k|ltj]bgnfO{ hfFra'em ;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] ;+zf]wg
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ;ldltdf lkmtf{
k7fOof];\ eGg] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf ;f] k|ltj]bg ;ldltdf
k7fOg]5 / ;ldltn] klg ;ft lbg leq k'gM 5fglag u/L
cfgf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
!^^= hfFra'em ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj M
-!_ lgod !^% sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bgdfly
5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 jf ;f]xL lgodsf] pklgod -$_
adf]lhd hfFra'em ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k'gM k|fKt
ePkl5 ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf
;efd'vn]] tf]]s]sf] ;ldltsf] cGo s'g} ;b:on] k|ltj]bgdf
plNnlvt l;kmfl/; :jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]
k|ltj]bgdf s'g} ;b:on] rfx]df ;efd'vn]] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
sfo{ljlw cg'?k ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj jf
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;+zf]wgdfly ;+lIfKt
5nkmn ePkl5 ;efd'vn]] ;a} ;+zf]wgx lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To;kl5 k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt l;kmfl/;nfO{
lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-$_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
lg0f{o ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
!^&= :jtM kbd'Qm ePsf] dflgg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /fi6klt
jf pk/fi6klt lj?4 k|:t't dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
67

Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o

;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/L :jtM kbd'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf
/fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt kbdf /xFbf s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] eP To:tf]
s;"/df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
-#_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf]]
JolQmn] To:tf] kbaf6 kfpg] s'g} ;'ljwf lng / eljiodf s'g}
klg ;fj{hlgs kbdf lgo'lQm jf dgf]gog x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b@@
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
!^*= ;++j}wflgs csf] k|d'v jf ;b:osf lj4sf] dxfleof]u k|:tfj
M -!_ ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNn3+g u/]sf],
sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f ePsf] jf
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf]] jf cfrf/
;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn3+g u/]sf] sf/0fn] cfgf] kbLo
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps
rf}yfO{ ;b:on] g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofo kl/ifb\sf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs
lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf lj? dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
k]z ug'{ k/]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{
;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrjn] ;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfj btf{
ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbg leqsf] s'g} a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] u/L
lbg / ;do tf]lsg]5 .
-#_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg rfn' g/x]sf]]
cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;b:on]
To:tf] k|:tfj btf{ ePsf] ldltn] al9df kGw| lbg leq a}7s
68

a:g] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f (# sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd

clwj]zg cfXjfg ;d]tsf] dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd clwj]zg cfXjfg ul/Psf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] tLg lbg leqsf]
s'g} a}7sdf dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'g] u/L lbg
/ ;do tf]lsg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -@_ jf -$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg /
;dodf ;efd'vn] gfd af]nfPkl5 k|:tfjs ;b:on]
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 / lghn] rfx]df
k|:tfj k]z ug'{ cl3 jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5
;efd'vn] ;f] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn x'g] ;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5
/ ;f] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 ;efd'vn] To:tf] k|:tfjnfO{
lgod !^( adf]lhdsf] dxfleof]u l;kmf/L; ;ldltdf k7fpg]
5.
-&_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dxfleof]uaf6 kbd'Qm x'g] JolQmn]
;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa
cfr/0f jf kbLo bfloTjsf] kfngf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s gu/]sf] jf cfrf/
;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]]sf] eGg] cfwf/df k|fKt ;"rgf, hfgsf/L
jf ph'/L u|fx\o /x]sf] egL Joj:yflksf;+;bsf sDtLdf tLg hgf
;b:on] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z u/]df lgod !^( adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn]
To:tf] ph'/Ldfly 5fgaLg u/L dxfleof]u ;DaGwL sf/afxLsf nflu
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;dIf l;kmfl/; u/]df dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z
x'g ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pklgod -&_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] k|f/DeLs cg';Gwfg ubf{
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ dxfleof]u nfUg ;Sg] dgfl;a / kof{Kt cfwf/
b]lvPdf Joj:yflksf;+;bdf dxfleof]usf] l;kmfl/; k]z ug{ ;Sg]5
. o;/L k]z ePsf] l;kmfl/; Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7sdf lg0f{ofy{
k]z ubf{ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:on] ;dy{g u/]df dxfleof]usf] sf/jfxL
cl3 a9\g]5 .
69

-(_ pklgod -!_ / -*_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf]

sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 cf/f]lkt kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf]
sf/afxLsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Dd cfgf] kbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{
kfpg] 5}g .
!^(= dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldlt M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)! sf]
pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} JolQmsf] lj? dxfleof]usf]
k|:tfj k]z ug]{ cfwf/ / sf/0f ljBdfg ePgePsf] 5fgaLg
u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu Joj:yflksf;+;bdf Ps
dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltdf Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf P3f/ hgf ;b:ox? /xg] 5g\ .
-#_ dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] u7g ;DaGwL
k|:tfj sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ ;efd'vn]
a}7sdf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf ;b:oxn]
cfk"mdWo]af6 ;ldltsf] ;efklt rog ug]{ 5g\\ .
!&)= dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ lgod !^*
adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5 dxfleof]u
l;kmf/L; ;ldltn] oyfzL3| sf/jfxL k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sf/jfxL k|f/De u/]kl5
cf/f]lkt kbflwsf/LnfO ;ft lbg leq lghnfO{ nfu]sf]
cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbO{ cfjZos cg';Gwfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] ;kmfO{
;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf jf tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq To:tf]
kbflwsf/L cfkm} pkl:yt eO{ s'g} ;kmfO{ k]z gu/]df
dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg ;bg ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] cfgf] sf/jfxL
k|f/De u/]sf] ldltn] tL; lbg leq l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
70

-%_ dxfleof]u l;kmf/L; ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] cfGtl/s

sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ Jojl:yt ug]{5 .
-^_ dxfleof]u l;kmf/L; ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/
sfg"g lj1 Pj+ cGo clwsf/Lsf] klg ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
!&!= dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg M -!_ dxfleof]u
l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf
5nkmn x'g] lbgsf] sDtLdf b'O{ lbg cufj} ;f] k|ltj]bg ;a}
;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
!&@= dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ M -!_
;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] lbg / ;dodf dxfleof]u l;kmfl/;
;ldltsf] ;efklt jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;efd'vn] tf]s]sf]
;f] ;ldltsf] cGo s'g} ;b:on] ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly
ljrf/ ul/of];\ egL a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]
k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5nkmn x'Fbf s'g} ;b:on]
;f] k|ltj]bgdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ jf s'g} ljz]if s'/fsf]
;DaGwdf k'gM 5fglag ug{ k|ltj]bgnfO{ dxfleof]u l;kmfl/;
;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] ;+zf]wg k|:tfj k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd dxfleof]u l;kmfl/;
;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf ;f]
k|ltj]bg pQm ;ldltdf k7fOg]5 / ;ldltn] klg ;ft lbg
leq k'gM 5fglag u/L cfgf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k7fpg]5 .
!&#= dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg]
k|:tfj M -!_ lgod !&@ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg
dfly 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 jf ;f]xL lgodsf] pklgod -$_
adf]lhd dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf
k'gM k|fKt ePkl5 ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] jf lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf ;efd'vn] tf]]s]sf] ;f] ;ldltsf] cGo s'g}
71

;b:on] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt l;kmfl/; :jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg]

k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]
k|ltj]bgdf s'g} ;b:on] rfx]df ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj jf
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;+zf]wgdfly ;+lIfKt
5nkmn ePkl5 ;efd'vn] ;a} ;+zf]wgx lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To;kl5 k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt l;kmfl/;nfO{
lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-$_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
lg0f{o dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
-%_ s'g} kbflwsf/Lsf] lj?4df o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
k|:t't k|:tfjdf 5fgaLg u/L dxfleof]u k|dfl0ft x'G5 eGg]
7x/sf ;fy dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf]
k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/L :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
-^_ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf
g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz,
Gofokl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf
kbflwsf/Ln] kbdf /xFbf s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] s;"/df
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
-&_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t
eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf]] JolQmn] To:tf] kbaf6 kfpg] s'g} ;'ljwf
lng / eljiodf s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs kbdf lgo'lQm jf dgf]gog
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!&$= o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhd x'g]M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dxfleof]u ;DaGwL sf/jfxL o;}
kl/R5]bdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b@#
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]] uf]Ko a}7s
72

!&%= Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] uf]Ko a}7s M -!_ /fli6o ;'/Iff / /fli6o

;6 ;DaGwL s'g} ljifosf] 5nkmn uf]Ko a}7sdf ul/of];\
egL k|wfgdGqLn] cg'/f]w u/]df / To:tf] cg'/f]w ;efd'vnfO{
d'gfl;a nfu]df lghn] ;f] ljifosf] 5nkmn uf]Ko a}7sdf
u/fpg] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] uf]Ko a}7s a;]sf] ;dodf
s'g} klg JolQm a}7ssIfdf a:g kfpg] 5}g .
t/ ;efd'vn] cg'dlt lbPsf JolQmxsf xsdf of]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ uf]Ko a}7ssf] sf/jfxL jf lg0f{osf] ;+lIfKt
ljj/0fsf] clen]v ;efd'vn] pko'Qm 7xofPsf] t/Lsfn]
/fVg / k|sfzg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . ;efd'v jf lghn] clws[t
u/]sf] JolQm afx]s cGo s'g} klg JolQmn] uf]Ko a}7ssf]
sf/jfxLsf] s'g} clen]v /fVg jf s;}nfO{ To:tf] a}7ssf] s'g}
s'/f eGg jf k|rf/ ug{ x'Fb}g .
-$_ uf]Ko a}7ssf] ;~rfng ljlw ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ uf]Ko a}7ssf] sf/jfxL uf]Ko /flv/xg' cfjZos
5}g eGg] nfu]df ;efd'vsf] cg'dltn] k|wfgdGqL jf lghf/f
clws[t s'g} ;b:on] uf]Ko a}7ssf] sf/jfxL uf]Ko g/fVg]
k|:tfj a}7sdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj a}7saf6
:jLs[t ePdf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] uf]Ko a}7ssf] sf/jfxL
/ lg0f{osf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;efd'vn] lgb]{zg u/] adf]lhd
k|sfzg ug]{5 .

!&&= ljifout ;ldltx? M -!_ ;/sf/nfO{ Joj:yflksf;+;b k|lt

pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL agfpg, ;/sf/af6 eP u/]sf sfd
sf/jfxLsf] cg'udg / d"Nof+g u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg jf /fo
;Nnfx lbg ;d]tsf nflu Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f (& adf]lhd b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;ldltx /xg]5g\ .
k|To]s ;ldltsf] gfd / sfo{If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
qm=;=
1.

;ldltsf] gfd
cy{ ;ldlt

2.

cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw
tyf >d ;ldlt

3.

pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf

pkef]Qmf lxt ;DaGw
;ldlt
s[lif tyf hn;|f]t
;ldlt

4.

5.

ljsf; ;ldlt

6.

ljwfog ;ldlt

kl/R5]b@$
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;ldltx
!&^= ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg] M Joj:ylksf;+;bsf] lgoldt
sfo{df ;xof]u k'ofpg Joj:ylksf;+;b cGt{ut, ljifout
;ldltx? / ljz]if ;ldltx? u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
73

sfo{If]q
cy{ dGqfno, ;xsf/L tyf
ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno / /fli6o
k|fs[lts >f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u /
/fli6o of]hgf cfof]u .
k//fi6 dGqfno, >d tyf
/f]huf/ dGqfno / ;+:s[lt,
ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og
dGqfno .
cfk"lt{ dGqfno, pBf]u dGqfno,
jfl0fHo dGqfno / pkef]Qmfsf]
lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL .
phf{ dGqfno, s[lif ljsf;
dGqfno, kz' k+5L ljsf;
dGqfno, e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf
dGqfno / l;+rfO{ dGqfno .
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft
dGqfno, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf
:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / ;"rgf
tyf ;+rf/ dGqfno .
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo
dfldnf
dGqfno,
;jf]{Rr
cbfnt, Gofo kl/ifb\ /
dxfGoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no .
74

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.
12.

dlxnf, afnaflnsf, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh

h]i7 gful/s / ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, lzIff dGqfno,
sNof0f ;ldlt
o"jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno,
:jf:Yo
dGqfno / /fli6o
dlxnf cfof]u .
/fHo Joj:yf ;ldlt u[x dGqfno, /Iff dGqfno,
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, nf]s
;]jf cfof]u / lgjf{rg cfof]u .
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dGqfno,
;ldlt
jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno,
hg;+Vof
tyf
jftfj/0f
dGqfno, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
dGqfno / ;x/L lasf;
dGqfno .
;fdflhs Gofo tyf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f dGqfno,
dfgj clwsf/ ;ldlt /fli6o blnt cfof]u, /fli6o
;dfj]zL cfof]u, cflbjf;L
hghftL cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u,
yf? cfof]u, d'l:nd cfof]u,
/fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u /
dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL .
;fj{hlgs n]vf
;fj{hlgs n]vf / dxfn]vf
;ldlt
k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg .
;'zf;g tyf cg'udg k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf]
;ldlt
sfof{no / clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u .

75

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ljifout

;ldltx?n] cfcfgf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ;+j}wflgs c /
dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os pk/ bkmfjf/ 5nkmn u/L ;f]
;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ sfo{ ug]{5g\ .
!&*= yk ljifo tf]Sg] M lgod !&& df gk/]sf ljifox ;efd'vn]
pko'Qm ;Dem]sf] ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq /xg] u/L tf]Sg]5 .
!&(= ljifout ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ lgod !&& adf]lhdsf k|To]s
;ldltdf ;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;xdlt lnO{ kb]g
;b:o afx]s a9Ldf %! hgf ;b:ox dgf]gog ug]{5 .
-@_ k|wfgdGqL ;a} ;ldltsf] / ;ldltsf] sfo{If]ql;t
;DalGwt dGqL ;f] ;ldltsf] kb]g ;b:o x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltdf ;b:oxsf] dgf]gog ubf{ ;bgdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o ;+Vof, dlxnf,
cflbjf;LhghftL, dw]zL, yf?, blnt, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf]
If]q, v;cfo{ tyf cGo ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTjnfO{ Wofg lbOg]5 .
-$_ dGqLx afx]s s'g} ;b:o Ps} ;fy PseGbf
a9L ljifout ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g.
-%_ pklgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf
klg s'g} ;b:o cfjZostf cg';f/ cfkm" ;b:o gePsf]
;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;xefuL eO{ 5nkmndf efu lng rfx]df
;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;efkltnfO{ a}7s a:g] lbg eGbf
sDtLdf Pslbg cufj} hfgsf/L lbO{ pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ lghnfO{ To:tf] ;ldltdf dtbfgsf] clwsf/ x'g]
5}g .
!*)= ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ePsf]df afx]s o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf k|To]s ;ldltdf
;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] lbg ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 / To;sf]
;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] c7\rfnL; 306f cufj} k|sfzg
ug]{5 .
-@_ ;efkltsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] lbgsf]
cl3Nnf] lbg ck/fGx kfr ah];Dd s'g} ;b:on] csf]{ s'g}
;b:onfO{ ;efklt kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfjsf]
76

;"rgf csf]{ s'g} ;b:osf] ;dy{g ;lxt dxf;lrj jf

;lrjnfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgfsf] ;fydf lgjf{lrt
ePdf ;efkltsf] sfo{ ug{ /fhL 5' eGg] k|:tfljt ;b:osf]
cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] d~h"/L klg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf
k|:tfjs ;b:on] ;ldltdf k|:t't u/]kl5 ;dy{s ;b:on]
;dy{g ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf Pp6f
dfq k|fKt ePdf ;dy{s ;b:on] af]ln;s]kl5 tTsfn
;efkltTj ug]{ ;b:on] k|:tfljt ;b:o ;efklt kbdf
lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{5 . k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf
PseGbf a9L k|fKt ePdf btf{qmddf k|To]s ;dy{s ;b:on]
af]ln;s]kl5 ;a} k|:tfjxdfly ;fdfGo 5nkmn x'g]5 /
To;kl5 tTsfn ;efkltTj ug]{ ;b:on] k|:tfjnfO{ qmdzM
;ldlt ;dIf lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ubf{
k|:tfjsf] kIfdf x'g] ;b:onfO{ x'G5 / ljkIfdf x'g]
;b:onfO{ x'Gg eGg] zAb pRrf/0f ug{ nufO{ ;fdfGo
ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ ;b:o ;efklt kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf]
3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd ;ldlt ;dIf lg0f{ofy{
k|:t't PseGbf a9L k|:tfjxdWo] s'g} k|:tfj :jLs[t
ePkl5 ;f] k|:tfjf/f k|:tfljt ;b:o ;efklt kbdf
lgjf{lrt ePsf] 7xl/g]5 / afFsL k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't
ul/g] 5}g .
-&_ tTsfn ;efkltTj ug]{ ;b:onfO{ klg dt lbg]
clwsf/ x'g]5 . dt a/fa/ ePdf uf]nf k|yff/f lg0f{o
ul/g]5 .
-*_ kb]g ;b:on] cfk"m ;b:o ePsf] s'g} Ps
;ldltdf dfq dt lbg kfpg]5 / s'g ;ldltdf dtbfg ug]{
xf] ;f]sf] ;"rgf lgjf{rgsf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] rf}aL;
306fleq ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
77

t/ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] kb]g

;b:on] dt lbg kfpg] 5}g .
-(_ s'g} klg dGqL ;efklt kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g /
;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;efkltTj ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-!)_ ;ldltsf] ;efklt gePsf] jf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf
pkl:yt ;b:oxdWo] Ho]i7 ;b:on] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf]
;efkltTj ug]{5 .
-!!_ Ho]i7 ;b:o ;efklt kbsf] lgldQ k|:tfljt
ePdf To;kl5sf] pkl:yt Ho]i7 ;b:on] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf]
;efkltTj ug]{5 .
-!@_ ;ldltsf] ;efklt kbdf lgjf{lrt ;b:on]
;efd'v ;dIf cg';"rL!) adf]lhd zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*!= ljifout ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw / ;efklt tyf ;b:osf] kb
l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M
-!_ lgod !&& adf]lhdsf k|To]s
;ldltsf] sfof{jlw Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] cjlwe/sf] nflu
x'g]5 .
t/ ;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;xdlt lnO{
;b:ox?sf] x]/k]m/ jf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] ;efklt kb b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_ dGqL ePdf,
-u_ /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-3_ cfgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L OdfGbf/Lk"j{s k"/f
u/]sf] 5}g egL ;DalGwt ;ldltsf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn]
k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df .
-#_ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] kb b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_ dGqL ePdf,
-u_ ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
78

-3_

pklgod -!_ adf]lhd x]/k]m/ eO{ ;b:o

g/x]df .

-$_ ;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf lgod

!*) adf]lhd / ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf lgod !&(
sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] kb
l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;ldltsf] a}7s a;]sf] Ps dlxgfleq k"lt{
ul/g]5 .
!*@= ljifout ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ cfgf]
sfo{If]qsf] kl/lwleq /xL k|To]s ljifout ;ldltsf] sfd,
st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
dGqfno, ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgsfoxsf] gLlt
tyf sfo{qmd, ;|f]t kl/rfng, Joj:yfkg / c
o:t} lqmofsnfksf] d"Nofg u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] / ;d'lrt
l6Kk0fL, l;kmfl/; / lgb]{zg ;lxtsf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k]z ug]{,
-v_
dGqfno, ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgsfoxsf]
/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL cg'dfgsf] hfFr u/L
jflif{s cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ t/Lsf, jflif{s
cg'dfgdf lglxt gLltsf] ;f ckgfpg ;lsg]
j}slNks gLlt / jflif{s cg'dfgdf /x]sf] /sddf
s] slt lskmfot ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] /
cfgf] /fo ;lxtsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k]z
ug]{,
-u_
dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:oxn] ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6
a}7sdf ;do;dodf lbPsf cfZjf;gxnfO{
k"/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/f/f s]s:tf sbdx
p7fOPsf 5g\ ;f] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] /
a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{,
79

-3_

ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;fj{hlgs

;DklQsf] lxgfldgf eP, gePsf] cWoog,
cg'udg / d"Nofg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] /
a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{,
-_
;/sf/f/f k|rlnt P]g, lgod cg'?k eP u/]sf
sfd sf/jfxL af/] 5nkmn u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],
-r_
;/sf/f/f ;do;dodf u7g x'g] 5fglag
cfof]u;ldlt / hfFra'em cfof]u;ldltx?f/f
k|:t't k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/L
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos /fo, ;Nnfx /
lgb]{zg lbg],
-5_
dGqfno, ljefu / cGo lgsfox? af6 ;Dkfbg
ePsf sfdsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g u/L ;f]
;DaGwdf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] .
-Hf_
a}7sn] ;'Dk]sf] cGo sfd ug]{,
-em_
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;efd'vaf6 cg'df]lbt
ah]6 / sfo{qmdsf] cwLgdf /xL cfgf] sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{, /
-`_
dfly plNnlvt v08x adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ubf{ ;DalGwt dGqfno tyf ljefusf
k|ltlglwx / cfjZos k/] tt\ tt\ ljifosf
ljz]if1x;Fu ;d]t ljrf/sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ .
-@_ ;'zf;g tyf cg'udg ;ldltn] clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxL ;lxtsf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg / ;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf]
1fkgkq dfly ;d]t ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L To; ;DaGwdf
;/sf/ / ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL
sfg"g ;t Pj+ ;Gtf]ifhgs tj/af6 eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf
d"Nofg tyf 5fglag u/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]u / ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
80

-#_ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] Joj:yflksf;+;bdf

k]z ul/Psf] dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt
a]?h'sf] hfFr u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfsf/f ePu/]sf sfd
sf/jfxL / ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 x'g' kg]{ sfd
sf/jfxL sfg"g ;t / cf}lrTok"0f{ tj/af6 eP gePsf]
;DaGwdf ;d]t cWoog u/L cfjZos lg0f{o ug]{ / hfFr ug{
pko'Qm b]lvPsf] cGo ;fj{hlgs n]vfsf] hfFr u/L jflif{s
cg'dfg k]z ug'{ cufj} a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltn] lgjf{rg cfof]u / nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxL ;lxtsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg / ;f]
;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf] 1fkgkqdfly
;d]t ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L To; ;DaGwdf ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt
lgsfoaf6 eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxL sfg"g ;t Pj+
;Gtf]ifhgs tj/af6 eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf d"Nofg tyf
5fglag u/L ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg /
;dfj]zL Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg u/L a}7sdf
k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ;fdflhs Gofo tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltn]
/fli6o blnt cfof]u, /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u, cflbjf;L
hghftL cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u, yf? cfof]u, d'l:nd cfof]u
/ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdfly
ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfO{ a}7sdf k|ltj]bg
k]z ug]{5 M
-s_ clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g tyf
To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt
ug]{ tk{m jfl~5t k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5 jf
5}g <
-v_ clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fleq
Nofpg ;s]sf] 5 jf 5}g <
-u_ clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{tk{msf] sfd
sf/jfxLsf] l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs 5 jf 5}g <
81

-3_

clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf /x]sf

cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog
l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs 5 jf 5}g <
-_ dfly plNnlvt sfo{x?nfO{ bIftfk"j{s
;~rfng u/fpg s] s:tf] gLlt jf
sfo{k|0ffnL cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 <
-^_ ljwfog ;ldltn] k|rnlt sfg'gsf] k|Tofof]lht
clwsf/ af/] cg'udg / lgb]{zgug'{sf;fy} dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L b]xfosf
s'/fx? v'nfO{ a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 M
-s_ ;/sf/jfbL x'g] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg,
txlssft, k'g/fj]bg ug]{ gug]{ / d'2f
lkmtf{ lng] k|lqmof, ;/sf/L jsLnx?f/f
;/sf/L d'2fsf] ;~rfng, lx/f;tdf /x]sf]
JolQmnfO{ dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug]{, cfkmGt
tyf sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu e]63f6 ug{ lbg]
;Gbe{df sfg"g ;t Pj+ ;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{
x'g] u/]sf] 5 jf 5}g <
-v_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]
u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf]
sfg"gL l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L
tj/n] x'g] u/]sf] 5 jf 5}g <
-&_ ljifout ;ldltx?n] cfgf] sfo{If]q cGtu{tsf]
lhDd]jf/L ;'Jojl:yt 9n] axg ug]{ ;Gbe{df cfjZos
sfo{ljlw sfo{of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-*_ ;ldltsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf
;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ;efd'vsf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ cfjZos
:yfgsf] e|d0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-(_ o; lgod adf]lhd ;ldltn] a}7sdf k|:t't ug'{
kg]{ jflif{s k|ltj]bgx jflif{s cg'dfg k]z x'g' cufj} / c
k|ltj]bgx h'g;'s} ;dodf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-!)_ ;ldltn] dGqfno, ljefu / cGtu{tsf
lgsfox?af6 ;Dkfbg ePsf sfdsf] q}dfl;s k|ult ljj/0f
82

dfu u/L To:tf] ljj/0fsf] cWoog u/L ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g}

lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{ eP ;DalGwt dGqfno dfkm{t To:tf] lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ ;ldltn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(# adf]lhd cf
cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg nufotsf cGo sfd sf/jfxLsf] cg'udg /
d"Nofs+g u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ o; lgod adf]lhd ;DalGwt dGqfno, cfof]u,
ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgsfox? ;Fu dfu ul/g] lnlvt ljj/0f
;DalGwt ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] lgb]{zgdf ;lrjfnon] dfu
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ pklgod -!@_ adf]lhd dfu ul/Psf] ljj/0fsf]
cWoogaf6 ;d]t s'g} lgb]{zg lbg cfjZos b]lvPsf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ dgfl;j
;dofjlw ;d]t pNn]v u/L lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!$_ pklgod -!#_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlw leqdf
klg To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfnon]
s'g} k|of; gu/]df ;f] ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf
5nkmn ug]{ k|:tfj ;DalGwt ;ldltn] k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!*#= ljz]if ;ldltx? M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{
ljz]if ;ldlt, ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldlt / /fHosf lgb]{zs l;fGt
sfo{fGjog cg'udg tyf lgb]{zg ;ldlt nufot cfjZostf
cg';f/sf cGo ljz]if ;ldlt /xg ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ lgod !*$ / !*^ df plNnlvt ljz]if ;ldlt
afx]ssf cGo ljz]if ;ldlt u7g ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ;ldltn]
ug'{ kg]{ sfd / ;f]sf] ;dofjlw ;d]t pNn]v u/L ;ldltdf
/xg] ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL ;lxtsf] k|:tfj ;efd'vn] a}7sdf
k|:t't ug]{5 .
!*$= ;+;bLo ;'gjfO{ ljz]if ;ldlt M -!_ k|wfgGofowLz, ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs
lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbfwLsf/L / /fhb"tsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf
nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf gfdsf ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(@
83

adf]lhd ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu Joj:yflksf;+;bdf

;+;bLo ;'gjfO{ ljz]if ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ;xdlt lnO{ ;efd'vn] dgf]gLt u/]sf !% hgf
;b:o /xg]5g . sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;b:ox?sf] x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 Pshgf
;efkltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ . ;efkltsf] cg'kl:yltdf
;ldltsf] Ho]i7 ;b:on] a}7ssf] ;efkltTj ug]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
cjlwe/sf nflu x'g]5 .
-%_ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] kb b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_ ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd x]/km]/ eO{ ;b:o
g/x]df .
!*%= ;'gjfO{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ b]xfosf kbx? l/Qm eO{
lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ jf lgo'lQm ubf{ l/Qm /x]sf]
kbsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] gfd k|:tfj u/L ;+;bLo
;'gjfO{sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;ldltdf k7fpg'
kg]{5 M
-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz /
GofofwLzx?,
-v_ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/Lx?,
-u_ Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:ox?,
-3_ /fhb"tx? .
t/, o; lgoddf plNnlvt s'g} s'/fn] ;+;bLo
;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ s'g} kb l/Qm x'g' eGbf klxn]
g} lgo'lQmsf] k|lqmof k|f/De u/L pQm kbdf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] gfd
84

k|:tfj u/L ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu

;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;ldltdf k7fpg s'g}
afwf kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt gfdfjnLdfly
;ldltn] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 kq k|fKt ePsf] ldltn]
k}+tfln; lbgleq ;'g'jfO{ u/L ;DalGwt kbsf] nflu ;ldltsf]
/fo tof/ u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . pQm
;doleq ;ldltn] ;DalGwt lgsfodf cfgf] lg0f{o pknAw
u/fpg g;s]df ;'g'jfO{sf nflu k7fOPsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf]
nflu s'g} afwf k'Ug] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltaf6 k|fKt /fodf
k|:tfljt gfd c:jLs[t gePsf] eP lghnfO{ ;DalGwt
lgsfon] ;DalGwt kbdf lgo'Qm u/L To:tf] hfgsf/L
;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ ;efkltn]
af]nfpg]5 . ;ldltsf] a}7s a:gsf nflu ;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps ltxfO{ ;b:osf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
-%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf]
gfd ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6
c:jLs[t gePdf cg'df]bg ePsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ s'g} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] gfd ;ldltsf]
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 c:jLs[t ePdf
;ldltn] ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu k|fKt gfdsf] ;DaGwdf ;ldltdf
ePsf] sf/jfxL, ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt sfuhft tyf cGo ljj/0f
oyfzL3| ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5 .
tTkZrft\ ;DalGwt lgsfon] pQm k|:tfljt kbdf csf]{
JolQmsf] gfd k|:tfj u/L ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{sf nflu ;ldltdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg a}7sdf oyfzL3| k|:t't ul/g]5 . a}7s gePsf] jf
ga;]sf] cj:yfdf ;efd'v ;dIf k|:t't u/L To; kl5
a;]sf] a}7sdf k|:t't ul/g]5 .
85

-&_ ;'g'jfO k|s[ofnfO{ k|efjsf/L, dof{bLt /

Jojl:yt agfpg ;ldltsf] cGo sfo{ljlw cfkm}+}n] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!*^= ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf lgb]{zg ;ldltM
-!_
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %$ adf]lhd /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt
/ bfloTjsf] sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug{,
cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f, ;dfj]zLs/0f, JolQm a]kQf
5fgaLg , ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk / G lkl8tx?sf]
k'g:{yfkgf tyf /fxt ;DaGwL sfd sf/jfxLsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg / d"Nofg ul/ cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbgsf]] nflu ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf
lgb]{zg ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnsf]
k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L dlxnf, cflbjf;LhghftL, dw]zL, yf?,
blnt, lk5l8Psf] If]q tyf cGo ;d'bfosf] ;bgdf /x]sf]
pkl:yltsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjnfO{ Wofg lbO{
a}7sn] dgf]gLt u/]sf al9df PsfpGg hgf ;b:o /xg]5g .
-#_ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 Pshgf
;efkltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ . ;efkltsf] cg'kl:yltdf
;ldltsf] Ho]i7 ;b:on] a}7ssf] ;efkltTj ug]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
cjlwe/sf nflu x'g]5 .
-%_ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] kb b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
l/Qm x'g]5 .
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_ ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd x]/km]/ eO{ ;b:o
g/x]df .
-^_ ;ldltsf] cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm}+}n] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
86

!*&= ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df

afx]s o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf ;ldltx?sf] a}7s ;DalGwt
;ldltsf] ;efkltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ af]nfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;efkltTj ;efkltn] jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mdWo]af6
5fg]sf] JolQmn] ug]{5 . ;b:ox?n] 5fg]sf] JolQmn] ;efkltTj
u/]sf]df ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;b:ox?n] 5fg]sf] JolQmn]
;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;efkltTj ubf{ ;ldltsf] ;efkltnfO{
ePsf] ;a} clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;ldlt jf pk;ldltsf] a}7s ;+;b ejgsf]
xftfeGbf aflx/ a:g' k/]df ;efkltn] ;efd'vsf] lnlvt
cg'dlt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
!**= u0fk"/s ;+Vof M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df
afx]s ;ldltsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf u0fk"/s ;+Vof gk'u]df ;f]
;+Vof gk'u];Dd ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] a}7ssf] sfo{ lgnDag
ug{ jf csf]{ s'g} ;do jf lbg;Ddsf] nflu a}7s :ylut ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltsf] a}7sdf u0fk"/s
;+Vof gk'uL nuftf/ b'O{ k6s a}7s :ylut ug'{ k/]df
;efkltn] To;sf] hfgsf/L ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!*(= nuftf/ cg'kl:yltdf sf/jfxL M nuftf/ kFfrj6f a}7sdf
;efkltsf] cg'dlt lagf cg'kl:yt /xg] ;b:onfO{
;efkltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;efd'vn] ;ldltaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5
/ ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L a}7snfO{ lbg]5 .
!()= ;ldltsf] lg0f{o M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ePsf]df afx]s ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;ldltsf
;b:ox?sf] ax'dtsf] lg0f{o ;ldltsf] lg0f{o dflgg]5 / dt
a/fa/ ePdf ;efkltn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;efklt / ;lrjaf6
k|dfl0ft x'g]5 .
87

!(!= pk;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ ;efkltn] pko'Qm ;Dem]df ;ldltn]

cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxL ;~rfng ug{ jf ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q
leqsf] ljifosf] cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg lbg ;ldltsf
;b:ox? dWo]af6 pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pk;ldlt u7g ubf{ pk;ldltn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd /
;f] sfd ;DkGg x'g' kg]{ cjlw klg ls6fg ul/g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ljifosf] cWoog u/L
k|ltj]bg lbg pk;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s'g} :yfgsf] e|d0f ug'{
k/]df ;efklt dfk{mt ;efd'vsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
!(@= ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf ljz]if1sf] k|j]z M -!_ ;ldltdf s'g}
ljifodfly 5nkmn x'Fbf ;f] ljifosf] k|s[lt x]/L ;DalGwt
dGqLn] cfjZos b]v]df ;f] ljifosf ;DaGwdf :ki6 hfgsf/L
lbg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf ljz]if1nfO{
;efkltsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;ldltdf lnP/ hfg ;Sg]5 . ;f]
adf]lhd ;ldltdf pkl:yt eO{ cfjZos s'/fx?sf] :ki6
hfgsf/L lbg' To:tf] clwsf/L jf ljz]if1sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df ;DalGwt kIf jf lxt
;d"xsf k|ltlglw / ljz]if1nfO{ ;d]t cfdGq0f u/L ;'emfj
lng ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltdf pkl:yt eO{
cfjZos s'/fx?sf] :ki6 hfgsf/L lbg' To:tf] kIf jf bafa
;d"x jf lxt ;d"xsf k|ltlglw / ljz]if1sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!(#= 5nkmn 5f]6\ofpg] M 5nkmnsf] lgldQ ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf]
jf gtf]lsPsf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg ;ldltdf ePsf]
5nkmn cgfjZos lsl;dn] nlDaPsf] eGg] nfu]df
;efkltn] ;f] 5nkmn 5f]6\ofpg ;Sg]5 .
!($= sfuhkq lemsfpg] tyf s'g} JolQm jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ pkl:yt
u/fpg ;Sg] clwsf/ M -!_ ;ldltn] cfgf] sfdsf] lgldQ
cfjZos s'g} sfuhkq lemsfpg jf s'g} JolQm jf
kbflwsf/LnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] sfuhkq k]z ubf{ /fli6o ;'/Iff, zflGt
/ Joj:yf, ;fj{hlgs jf /fli6o lxtsf] k|lts"n x'g hfG5
eGg] nfu]df dGqLn] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt
88

;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf]

lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd pkl:yt u/fOPsf] JolQm
jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;ldltn] cfjZos ePdf aofg lng /
askq u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
!(%= ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg M -!_ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;efkltn] jf
lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] ;f] ;ldltsf] cGo
s'g} ;b:on] a}7sdf k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;efklt
jf ;b:on] rfx]df k|ltj]bgsf] ;DaGwdf ;+lIfKt jQmJo lbg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ a}7sdf k]z ePsf k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt dGqLn]
sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltn] cfgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog eP
gePsf] cg'udg Pj+ d"Nofg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf
k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] cg'udg Pj+ d"Nofg
k|ltj]bg / a}7sn] ;'Dk]sf] ljifosf ;DaGwdf ;ldltn]
a}7sdf k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn ul/of];\ egL
;DalGwt ;ldltsf ;efkltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k]z ePsf] b'O{
lbgleq k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf ;efd'vnfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePdf b'O{
lbgkl5sf] s'g} a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/of];\ egL k|:tfj k]z ug{
;efd'vn] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf ;efkltnfO{ cg'dlt lbg]5 .
-&_ k|:tfj k]z ubf{ ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;efkltn]
;+lIfKt jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 . To;kl5 ;efd'vn] 5nkmnsf]
nflu ;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-*_ 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm ;DalGwt
dGqLn] lbPkl5 5nkmn ;dfKt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!(^= ;ldltdf ;'Joj:yf / cg'zf;g sfod ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_
;ldltsf] a}7sdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yf tyf cg'zf;g sfod
/fvL ;ldltsf] a}7s ;"rf? ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;ldlt /
89

;ldltsf ;b:osf ;DaGwdf ;efkltnfO{ o; lgodfjnL

adf]lhd ;efd'vnfO{ ePsf] ;a} clwsf/ x'g]5 .
t/ s'g} ;b:o s'g} ;ldltaf6 lgisflzt jf
lgnlDat ePdf a}7saf6 jf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] cGo
;ldltaf6 lgisflzt jf lgnlDat ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u eO{
;ldltsf] s'g} ;b:o lgisflzt jf lgnlDat ePdf
;efkltn] ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!(&= cg'kl:yltsf] ;"rgf M ;ldltsf] nuftf/ kfFrj6f a}7sdf
cg'kl:yt x'g] ;b:on] ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf
;efkltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / ;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf] ePdf
;efd'vnfO{ lbO{ :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!(* ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfno
cGtu{t k|To]s ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno /xg]5 .
-@_ ;lrj k|To]s ;ldltsf] kb]g ;lrj x'g]5 .
-#_ ;lrjn] cfk"m dftxtsf] clws[tnfO{
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;ldltsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
t/ ;lrj kb l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] dxf;lrjn] cfk"m dftxtsf] clws[tnfO{
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;ldltsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{ tf]Sg
o; lgodfjnLn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ ;lrjn] ;ldltsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u
k'ofpg ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu jf lgsfo;Fu cfjZos
hfgsf/L dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!((= /fo lbg ;Sg] M dxf;lrj, ;lrj / ;ldlt ;lrjn]
;efkltsf] cg'dlt lnO{ a}7ssf] ljrf/fwLg ljifodf cfgf]
/fo lbg ;Sg]5 .
@))= 5nkmn / lg0f{odf efu lng gx'g] M s'g} ;ldltsf]
ljrf/fwLg ljifo;Fu s'g} ;b:osf] j}olQms lxt ufFl;Psf]
eP ;f] ljifosf] 5nkmn / lg0f{odf ;f] ;b:on] efu lng
x'Fb}g .
90

@)!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf] lg0f{o M ;ldltsf sfo{If]q ;DaGwdf

ljjfb p7]df ;efd'vsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
@)@= ;ldltsf ;efkltx?sf] a}7s M ;ldltsf] k|efjsfl/tf /
sfo{sf] d"Nofg ug{ ;do ;dodf ;efd'vsf] ;efkltTjdf
;ldltsf ;efkltx?sf] a}7s a:g ;Sg]5 . To:tf] a}7sdf
;ldltsf ;lrjx?n] ;d]t efu lng ;Sg]5g\ .
@)#= lgod tyf cfb]zxsf] k|sfzg / hfFra'em M-!_
Joj:yflksf;+;bf/f k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ adf]lhd
agfOPsf lgod, ljlgod tyf hf/L ul/Psf cfb]z jf
;"rgfx g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg u/L To:tf] lgod,
ljlgod, cfb]z jf ;"rgfsf] cfjZos k|lt ;DalGwt dGqLn]
Joj:yflksf;+;b / ;DalGwt ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{5 . To:tf lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf ;"rgfsf] af/]df
;DalGwt ;ldltn] hfFra'em / cWoog u/L a}7sdf k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hfFra'em tyf cWoogubf{
;ldltn] ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{ tTsfn s'g} lgb]{zg lbg
cfjZos b]v]df tTsfn lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ g]kfn ;/sf/ Pj+ ;DalGwt dGqfnosf]
bfloTj x'g]5 .

@)%=

@)^=

kl/R5]b@%
ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldlt
@)$= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf Pp6f
ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldlt /xg]5 . ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltdf
;efd'vn] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;xdlt lnO{ a9Ldf t]QL;
hgf ;b:ox dgf]gog ug]{5 .
t/ s'g} dGqL ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;b:o x'g
kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;b:o dgf]gog ubf{
;b:osf] 1fg, cg'ej / a}7sdf /x]sf] bnLo, n}+ls, hftLo
/ If]qLo ;+/rgfnfO{ dWogh/ /flv ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnsf]
91

@)&=
@)*=

k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L dlxnf, cflbjf;LhghftL, dw]zL, yf?,

d'l:nd, v; cfo{, blnt, lk5l8Psf] If]q tyf cGo
;d'bfosf] ;bgdf /x]sf] pkl:yltsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts
k|ltlglwTjnfO{ Wofg lbOg]5 .
-#_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;efklt ;ldltsf
;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6 lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ .
-$_ ;ldltsf] ;efklt / ;b:oxsf] kbfjlw
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{sfne/ x'g]5 .
-%_ ;ldltsf] ;efkltkbdf lgjf{lrt ;b:on]
;efd'v ;dIf cg';"rL!) adf]lhd zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
lgod nfu" x'g] M ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;efklt jf ;b:osf]
kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf, l/Qm kb k"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf, Ho]i7
;b:on] ;efkltTj ug]{ Joj:yf, u0fk"/s ;+Vof, ;ldltsf]
a}7s / lg0f{o cflb Joj:yfxsf ;DaGwdf kl/R5]b@$ sf
lgodx g} cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt nfu" x'g]5g\ .
ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] ;"rgf M -!_ s'g} ;b:onfO{
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] eGg] nfu]df
ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] k|Zg ;DaGwL dgfl;a cfwf/ v'nfO{
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
;"rgf s'g} lnvtsf] cfwf/df lbOPsf] eP ;f] lnvt g}
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f] lnvt cfk"mn] k|fKt ug{ g;lsg] eP
ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg ePsf] Joxf]/f / lnvt ePsf] 7fp ;d]t
;"rgfdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ;efd'v / ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf
;efkltnfO{ oyfzL3| lbg' kg]{5 / ;efkltsf] lgb]{zfg';f/
a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zg p7fpg] af/]sf] zt{ M ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg\
ePsf] k|Zg cl3Nnf] a}7s cGTo ePkl5 jf rfn' a}7sdf
36]sf] k|ToIf 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf x'g' kg]{5 .
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zgdf k|f/lDes 5fglag M -!_ ljz]ifflwsf/
xgg\ ePsf] k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] k|f/lDes
5fglag ug]{5 .
92

-@_ k|f/lDes 5fglagsf] qmddf ljz]ifflwsf/

;ldltn] ;DalGwt JolQmx;Fu ;fdfGo ;f]wk'5 ug{ /
lnvt k|df0fx bflvn u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|f/lDes 5fglag ubf{ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] klg
klxnf] b[li6df ljz]ifflwsf/ xggsf] k|Zg p7fpg dgfl;a
b]v]df ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k]z ug]{5 /
ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg\sf] k|Zg p7fpg] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm
gePdf sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L ;efd'v / ;DalGwt
;b:onfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
@)(= ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zg p7fpg] tl/sf M -!_ ljz]ifflwsf/
xggsf] k|Zg p7fpg rfxg] ;b:on] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bg k|:t't ePkl5 ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ cfk"mn]
p7fpg vf]h]sf] ljifodf ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L lbO{ a}7ssf]
cg'dlt dfUg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ljz]ifflwsf/ xggsf] k|Zg 5nkmndf gNofOof];\
egL s'g} ;b:on] lj/f]w u/]df cg'dlt lbg rfxg]
;b:oxnfO{ ;efd'vn] pleg] cfb]z lbg]5 / ljz]ifflwsf/
;ldltsf ;b:o afx]ssf Ps;L hgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L
;b:ox plePdf a}7ssf] cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] / ;f]eGbf
sd ;b:ox plePdf a}7ssf] cg'dlt k|fKt gePsf]
dflgg]5 .
@!)= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltnfO{ k|Zg ;'Dkg] M -!_ lgod @)(
adf]lhd ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] k|Zg p7fpg a}7saf6
cg'dlt k|fKt ePdf s'g} ;b:on] To:tf] k|Zgdf a}7saf6}
ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg] jf ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltdf k7fOof];\ eGg]
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ePkl5
;efd'vn] ;f] k|:tfjdfly 5nkmnsf] nflu ;dofjlw
tf]Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5
k|:tfjs ;b:on] k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng rfx]df Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] cg'dlt lnO{ k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 . To;/L
93

k|:tfj lkmtf{ glnPdf ;efd'vn] ;f] k|:tfj lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf

k|:t't ug]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zgdf
a}7saf6} ljrf/ ug]{ k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf a}7sn]
cfjZostf cg';f/ lgod @!! sf] pklgod -#_, -$_, jf
-%_ df plNnlvt clwsf/sf] ;d]t k|of]u u/L ;f] k|Zgsf]
lg0f{o ug]{5 . To; ;DaGwdf ;efd'vn] pko'Qm sfo{ljlw
ckgfpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|Zg ;ldltdf k7fpg] k|:tfj
:jLs[t ePdf ;efd'vn] tT;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{ :jLs[t k|:tfj ;lxtsf] cfjZos sfuhftx
;ldltdf k7fpg]5 .
@!!= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw / clwsf/ M -!_ lgod @!)
sf] pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[t k|:tfj ;lxtsf]
sfuhft k|fKt ePkl5 ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] oyfzL3|
sf/jfxL z' ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] ;efd'vsf]
lgb]{zgdf /xL ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw Jojl:yt ug]{5 .
-#_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] 5fglagsf] l;nl;nfdf
cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm pk/ ;dfJxfg jf lu/tf/Lsf] cfb]z
hf/L ug{, ;fIfL lemsfpg, k|df0f a'g, lnvt bflvn u/fpg
jf aofg askq u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] cfjZos 7xofPdf
cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] ;f] adf]lhd s;}nfO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf]df
;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L a}7snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . a}7sn] pQm
sf/jfxL ab/ u/]df y'gfdf /fv]sf] JolQmnfO{ oyfzL3|
y'gfaf6 d'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnosf] cltl/Qm cGo clwsf/Lsf]
klg ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
@!@= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg M -!_ ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltn]
cfk"mnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] k|To]s k|ZgnfO{ 5fglag u/L cleof]u
94

nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ d'gfl;a df}sf ;d]t lbO{

;a} tYoxdf ljrf/ u/L ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] xf] jf
xf]Og, ;f] s'/fsf] 7x/ u/L sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ l;kmfl/;
;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf
5nkmn x'g] lbgsf] sDtLdf Ps lbg cufj} ;f] k|ltj]bg ;a}
;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
@!#= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/M -!_ ljz]ifflwsf/
;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k|:t't ePkl5 ;efd'vn] tf]]s]sf]
lbg / ;dodf ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;efklt jf lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf ;f]xL ;ldltsf] h]i7 ;b:on] k|ltj]bgdfly
ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bgdfly ljrf/
ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f] k|ltj]bgdfly a}7sdf
5nkmn x'g]5 .
@!$= ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ lgod @!% sf] pklgod -@_
adf]lhd k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn x'Fbf ;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
sfo{ljlw cg'k ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ jf s'g} ljz]if s'/fsf]
;DaGwdf k'gM 5fglag ug{ k|ltj]bgnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/
;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;+zf]wgdfly
;+lIfKt 5nkmn ePkl5 a}7sdf lg0f{ofy{ k]z ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bgnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/
;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOof];\ eGg] ;+zf]wg :jLs[t ePdf ;f]
k|ltj]bg ;ldltdf lkmtf{ k7fOg]5 . To;/L lkmtf{ cfPkl5
;ldltn] klg ;ft lbgleq k'gM 5fglag u/L cfgf] k|ltj]bg
a}7sdf k]z ug]{5 .
@!%= ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj
M -!_ lgod @!# sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bgdfly
5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 jf lgod @!$ sf] pklgod -#_
adf]lhd ljz]ifflwsf/ ;ldltaf6 k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k'gM k|:t't
ePkl5 s'g} ;b:on] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt l;kmfl/;x
:jLs[t ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
95

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]

k|ltj]bgdf s'g} ;b:on] ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ rfx]df ;efd'vn]
pko'Qm 7xofPsf] kdf ;+zf]wg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj jf
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ;+zf]wgdfly ;+lIfKt
5nkmn ePkl5 ;efd'vn] ;+zf]wgdf lg0f{o u/fO{
ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg ePsf] k|ZgnfO{ a}7sdf lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't
ug]{5 .
@!^= dfkmL lbg] jf ;hfo 36fpg ;Sg] M -!_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
k|Zgdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{oaf6 cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo
ePsf]df lghn] ;efd'v dfk{mt Ifdfofrgf u/L lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg ;efd'vn]
a}7s;dIf k|:t't ug]{5 / cleo'Qmn] u/]sf] Ifdfofrgfdf
a}7s ;Gt'i6 ePdf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{ jf
36fpg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b@^
;efd'v jf pk;efd'vn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj
@!&= ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg]
k|:tfj M -!_ s'g} ;b:onfO{ ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vn] cfgf]
kb cg's"n cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] nfu]df Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps
rf}yfO{ ;b:oxsf] ;dy{g k|fKt u/L tT;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z
ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf
;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrjn] ;f] k|:tfj ;efd'vsf] lj4 eP pk;efd'v
;dIf, pk;efd'vsf] lj4 eP ;efd'v ;dIf / ;efd'v
tyf pk;efd'v b'j} pk/ Ps} ;fy k|fKt ePsf] eP lgod
!! adf]lhd a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{ dgf]gLt JolQmx? dWo]sf]
Ho]i7 ;b:o ;dIf k]z ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfj btf{ ePsf]
96

ldltn] ;ft lbg leq a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] u/L lbg / ;do
tf]lsg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjdfly a}7sdf
5nkmn x'g] lbgsf] sDtLdf Ps lbg cufj} ;f] k|:tfjsf
k|ltx ;a} ;b:oxnfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
@!* a}7ssf] cWoIftf M lgod @!& adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj
;efd'vsf] lj4 ePdf ;f] k|:tfjdfly 5nkmnsf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] lbg Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] cWoIftf pk;efd'vn]
ug]{5 . ;efd'v / pk;efd'v b'j} pk/ o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj Ps} k6s cfPsf] cj:yfdf lgod !!
adf]lhd a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{ dgf]gLt JolQmx? dWo]sf]
Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
@!(= k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn / lg0f{o M -!_ 5nkmnsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
lbg / ;dodf k|:tfjs ;b:on] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmaf6 cfgf] gfd af]nfOPkl5 k|:tfj k]z
ug]{5 / lghn] rfx]df k|:tfj k]z ug'{ cl3 jQmJo lbg
;Sg]5 . 5nkmndf cf/f]k nfu]sf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;d]t efu
lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k|:t't ePkl5
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] 5nkmn x'g]
;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5 / ;f] ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 kb
cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] ;efd'v jf
pk;efd'vn] cfk"mdfly nufOPsf] cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO{ ;DaGwdf
jQmJo lbg]5 . o;/L ;kmfO{ ;DaGwL jQmJo lbPkl5 k|:tfjs
;b:on] rfx]df cfk"mn] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] cg'dlt lnO{ lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 . k|:tfjs ;b:on]
k|:tfj lkmtf{ lng grfx]df jf a}7sn] cg'dlt glbPdf pQm
k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] lg0f{o ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
-$_ lgod @!& adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
97

kl/R5]b@&
cg'kl:yltsf] ;"rgf, /fhLgfdf / :yfg l/Qmtf
@@)= cg'kl:yltsf] ;"rgf M -!_ s'g} ;b:o nuftf/ b;j6f jf
;f]eGbf a9L a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /xg' kg]{ ePdf tT;DaGwL
cu|Ld ;"rgf ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ;b:o Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] b;j6f eGbf
sd a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] l:ylt ePdf ;efd'vnfO{
clu|d ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . cu|Ld ;"rgf lbg g;Sg] s'g}
dgfl;a sf/0f eP pkl:yt ePsf] tLg lbg leq ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lbOg] ;"rgfdf
cfk"m cg'kl:yt /xg] cjlw / sf/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf eP ;efd'vn]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] :jLs[ltsf] lgldQ k|:t't ug]{5 /
pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf eP ;efd'vn] :jLs[t
ug]{5 .
-%_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ;DalGwt ;b:onfO{ oyfzL3| lbg]5 .
@@!= /fhLgfdf M -!_ ;efd'vn] pk;efd'vnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L
cfgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbg ;Sg]5 . pk;efd'v jf s'g}
;b:on] cfgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lb+bf ;efd'vnfO{ ;Daf]wg
u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] /fhLgfdf
cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] a}7sdf k9]/ ;'gfpg]5 . a}7s rfn"
g/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;"rgfkqdf k|sfzg u/L To;sf] k|rf/
k|;f/ ;d]t u/fOg]5 .
@@@= :yfg l/Qmtfsf] ;"rgf M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] s'g}
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf ;efd'vn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
a}7snfO{ lbg]5 .
98

-@_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s rfn" g/x]sf]

cj:yfdf ;efd'vn] To:tf] hfgsf/L ;"rgfkqdf k|sfzg
u/fpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :yfg l/Qm ePsf] ;"rgf
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ug'{sf ;fy}
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\ / lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg]5 .
kl/R5]b@*
;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no / bn Tofu ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@@#= ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj ePsf ;a} /fhgLlts bn / :jtGq ;b:osf]
;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no l;+xb/jf/ l:yt Joj:yflksf;+;b
;lrjfno kl/;/df /xg]5 .
-@_ ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no ;~rfngsf]nflu
cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwg Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnon] pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
-#_ ;+;bLo bnsf] sfof{no ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;efd'vsf]
lgb]{zfg';f/ ;lrjfnon] ldnfpg]5 .
@@$= ljj/0f kmf/fd eg]{ M Joj:yflksf;+;bsf k|To]s ;b:on] of]
lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq cg';"rL!!
adf]lhdsf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmf/fd e/L Joj:yflksf;+;b
;lrjfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'g' cufj} Ps k6s
JolQmut ljj/0f kmf/d k]z ul/;s]sf] ;b:on] k'gM k]z ug'{
kg]{ 5}g .
@@%= Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnn] ljj/0f
lbg' kg]{ M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
/fhgLlts bnsf]] g]tfn] of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn]
;ft lbgleq b]xfosf] ljj/0f Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnodf
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 M
99

-s_ cg';"rL!@ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fddf cfgf]

bnsf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / ljj/0f,
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfno;Fu bnsf]
tk{maf6 n]vfk9L ug{ clws[t ul/Psf a9Ldf
b'O{hgf ;b:ox?sf] gfd / b:tvt gd"gf,
-v_ ;DalGwt /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg jf
lgodsf] Ps k|lt, /
-u_ ;DalGwt ;+;bLo bnsf] 5'} ljwfg jf lgod
eP ;f]sf] Ps k|lt .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bdf bnsf] g]tf eGgfn] ;DalGwt
bnn] cfgf] g]tf egL 5fg]sf] ;b:onfO{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] Joj:yflksf;+;bdf g]tfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ ug{
;DalGwt bnn] clws[t u/]sf] ;b:onfO{ ;d]t hgfp5 .
-@_ s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] Ps dfq ;b:o ePdf
lghn] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhft Ps
k|lt ;+nUg u/L lgod @@$ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f lbg' kof{Kt
x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Ps dfq ;b:o ePsf] /fhgLlts ;7g jf bndf
csf]{ ;b:o yk ePdf ;f] bnn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf]
ljj/0f lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} bn Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{sfndf u7g
ePdf To;/L u7g ePsf] ;fdfGotof ;ft lbgleq ;f] bnsf]
g]tfn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g
ePdf bnsf] g]tfn] To;/L kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] ;ft
lbgleq ;f] s'/fsf] ljj/0f Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnonfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; lgoddf h] ;'s} n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of]
lgodfjnL k|f/De x'g' cufj} ljj/0f k]z ul/
;s]sf] /fhgLlts bnn] To:tf] ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g
gcfP;Dd k'gM ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
100

@@^= ljj/0fsf] k|sfzg M lgod @@$ / @@% adf]lhd

Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnodf lbOPsf] ljj/0fsf] ;f/f+z
;"rgfkqdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
@@&= bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] M s'g} ;b:on] b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{
u/]df ;DalGwt bnn] ;f] ;b:on] bn Tofu u/]sf] dfGg
;Sg]5 M
-s_ bnsf] ;b:otfaf6 lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ csf]{ bnsf] ;b:otf lnPdf,
-u_ cfkm" ;d]t ;+nUgeO{ csf]{ bn u7g u/]df, /
-3_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd bn Tofu dflgg]
cGo s'g} sfo{ u/]df .
@@*= bn Tofu u/]sf] gdflgg] M lgod @@& df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;b:on] bn Tofu
u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g M
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
;efd'v
jf
pk;efd'vn] ;DalGwt bnaf6 /flhgfdf
lbPdf,
-v_ s'g} bnsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf]
sDtLdf rfnL; k|ltzt ;b:ox? 5'lO{
gofF bn agfO{ ;f] bndf jf eO{ /x]sf]
csf]{ bndf k|j]z u/]df .
t/ Psk6s ljeflht bnsf ;b:ox?n]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sfndf Ps k6seGbf al9
of] ;'ljwf k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .
@@(= bn Tofu u/]sf] ;"rgf lbg ;Sg] M -!_ s'g} ;b:on] lgod
@@& adf]lhd bn Tofu u/]df ;DalGwt bnn] ;efd'vnfO{
To;sf] ;"rgf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd bn Tofu u/]sf] ;"rgf
;efd'vnfO{ lbg' cl3 ;DalGwt bnn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{
cfgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd bn Tofu u/]sf] ;"rgf
;efd'vnfO{ lbbf ;DalGwt bnn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfpg' kg]{5 M
101

-s_ bn Tofu u/]sf] ;"rgf lbg] lg0f{o

;DalGwt bnsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{
;ldltaf6 ePsf] x'g' kg]{,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o k|dfl0ft
ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf] bhf{ v'n]sf] x'g'
kg]{,
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] kbflwsf/Ln]
s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf]
k|ltlnlk ;lxt pklgod -@_ adf]lhd
;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf k|bfg u/]sf]
;a't nufotsf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt
cGo k|df0f sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ .
@#)= hfFra'em ug{ ;Sg] M lgod @@( adf]lhd bn Tofusf] ;"rgf
tyf tTf\;DaGwL sfuhft k|fKt ePdf ;efd'vn] ;DalGwt
bnn] bn Tofusf] ;"rgf ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
k"/f ug'{ kg]{ zt{ / k|lqmof k"/f u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
hfFra'em ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
@#!= a}7snfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] jf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ M lgod @@(
adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] ;"rgf lgod @#) adf]lhd
hfFra'em ubf{ ;DalGwt bnn] bn Tofusf] ;"rgf ;DaGwdf
o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd k"/f ug'{ kg]{ zt{ / k|lqmof k"/f
u/]sf] b]lvg cfPdf ;efd'vn] lgod @@( adf]lhd bn
Tofusf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq ;f]sf] ;"rgf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7snfO{ lbg'kg]{5 / a}7s rfn" g/x]sf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] ;"rgf ;lrjfnosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g
nufpg' kg]{5 .
@#@= :yfg l/Qm ePsf] dflgg] M lgod @#! adf]lhd bn Tofusf]
;"rgf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7snfO{ lbPdf jf To:tf] ;"rgf
;lrjfnosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ePdf To:tf] ;b:osf] :yfg
l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 .
102

kl/R5]b@(
;b:osf] cfr/0f / cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@##=

kfngf ug'{ kg]{ cfrf/ ;+lxtf M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf

kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?n] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] pQ/bfloTj
k"/f ug{ tyf lghx?sf] sfd sf/jfxLdf ;fj{hlgs ljZjf;
sfod ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] kfngf
ug]{5g\ M
-s_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] nIo k"lt{ ug]{ tyf
;f] p2]Zosf nflu o; lgodfjnLsf] k"0f{
kfngf ug]{ .
-v_ ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;fj{hlgs g}ltstf /
cfr/0f cg's'nsf] ;b}j Jojxf/ ug]{ .
-u_ ;+;bsf] a}7s jf cfkm" ;b:o ePsf]
;ldltdf pkl:yt eO{ o;sf sfd
sfo{afxLdf lgoldt ?kdf efu lng] tyf
cfgf] dtflwsf/sf] k|of]u ug]{ .
-3_ cfgf]
st{Jo
lg:jfy{
?kdf
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s tyf j:t'lgi7 eO{
pQ/bfoLk"0f{ ?kdf kfng ug]{ .
-_ a}7s;Fu ;DalGwt x/]s sfd sf/jfxLdf
;b:ox?n] ;fj{hlgs p2]ZonfO{ dxTj
lbg] tyf lghL :jfy{ / ;fj{hlgs
:jfy{sf jLr Gb x'g] l:ylt ePdf :ki6
?kdf ;fj{hlgs :jfy{sf nflu pleg] .
-r_ a}7ssf s'g} sfd sf/jfxLdf JolQmut,
cfly{s kmfObf jf z'Ns, kfl/>lds jf
kfl/tf]lifs lnO{ af]Ng], dtbfg ug]{ jf
efu lng] sfd gug]{ .
-5_ ;b:osf] x}l;otdf k|fKt ePsf uf]Ko
;"rgf Pj+ hfgsf/L a}7ssf] p2]Zosf
nflu dfq k|of]u ug]{ / cfly{s kmfObfsf
103

nflu o;nfO{ s'g} cGo JolQm jf

;+:yf;Fu n]gb]gsf] ljifo gagfpg] .
-h_ Joj:yflks;+;bsf] jf cfkm" ;b:o
ePsf] ;ldltdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g}
ljifodf cfgf] JolQmut jf lghL :jfy{
ufFl;Psf] ePdf :j]R5fn] ;f] s'/fsf] :ki6
?kdf a'lemg] u/L a}7s jf ;ldltnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;f] ljifodf x'g]
5nkmnaf6 cnu /xg] .
-@_ o; lgod cGtu{tsf cfrf/;+lxtf kbflwsf/L /
;b:ox?sf] ;fj{hlgs hLjgsf] ;a} kIfdf nfu" x'g]5g\ .
t/ kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] k"0f{ ?kdf JolQmut
jf lghL hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt sfd jf Jojxf/nfO{ o;n]
lgoldt u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
@#$= cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
Pp6f cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ ;efd'v
kb]g ;efklt
-v_ pk;efd'v
kb]g pk;efklt
-u_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
bnsf g]tfn] 5gf}6 u/]sf ;b:o
dWo]af6 ;efd'vf/f
dgf]gLt
a9Ldf t]QL; hgf
;b:o
-3_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
dxf;lrj
;lrj
@#%= cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_
cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ s'g} ;b:on] lgod @## sf] pklgod -!_
df plNnlvt cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] pNn+3g
u/]sf] egL ;fj{hlgs ?kdf p7]sf k|Zg
jf s;}n] ;ldlt ;dIf lbPsf] ;"rgfsf]
104

cfwf/df cfjZos 5fglagsf] sfo{

k|f/De ug]{ .
-v_ cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf k|Zgx?sf]
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt ;b:o tyf cGo
JolQmx?;Fu cfjZos hfgsf/L lng] .
-u_ cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf k|Zg p7fpg] JolQm,
;+:yf jf ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu cfjZos
hfgsf/L lng] .
-3_ ;b:ox?sf] cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf
k|Zgx?sf] ljifodf 5fglag ubf{ ;+slnt
tYoaf6 ;DalGwt ;b:on] cfr/0fsf]
pNn+3g u/]sf] b]lvG5 jf b]lvb}g eGg]
;DaGwdf :ki6 lg0f{o u/L ;f]sf]
k|ltj]bg a}7sdf k]z ug]{ .
-@_ cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/
ljz]if1 ;lxtsf] pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltn] cfgf] cGo sfo{ljlw
cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o pk/ cfr/0f
pNn+3gdf 5fglag k|f/De ul/Psf]df To;nfO{ cfjZos
;xof]u ug'{ k|To]s ;b:osf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-%_ o; lgod adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o pk/ cfr/0f
pNn+3gdf 5fglag k|f/De ul/Psf]df ;DalGwt ;b:onfO{
cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltn] cfgf] s'/f eGg kfpg] dgfl;a
df}sf k|bfg ug]{5 .
-^_ cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltn] pklgod -!_ sf]
v08 -3_ adf]lhd a}7sdf k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ a}7ssf]
clen]vdf /flvg]5 .

kl/R5]b#)
dGqLf/f jQmJo, /fhLgfdf / sfuhft 6]a'n
@#^= dGqLf/f jQmJo / hfgsf/L M -!_ ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf]
ljifodf dGqLn] ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ a}7sdf jQmJo jf
hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] jQmJo jf
hfgsf/Ldfly ;efd'vsf] cg'dltlnO{ ljifoj:t'df s]lGb|t /xL
k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsg]5 / To:tf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg] bfloTj
;DalGwt dGqLsf] x'g]5 .
@#&= 6]a'n ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft M -!_ s'g} dGqLn] a}7sdf jQmJo jf
hfgsf/L lbFbf s'g} ;/sf/L sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bg jf To;sf]
s'g} c+z pb\w[t u/]df To:tf] sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bg a}7sdf
6]a'n ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bg 6]a'n ubf{ /fli6o
;'/Iff, zflGt Joj:yf jf ;fj{hlgs jf /fli6o lxtsf]
k|lts"n x'G5 eGg] kof{Kt cfwf/ / sf/0f ePdf ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L ;bgnfO{ u/fO{ dGqLn] To:tf] sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bg
6]a'n gug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/f+z pNn]v
u/]df To:tf] sfuhkq jf k|ltj]bg 6]a'n ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
@#*= /fhLgfdf lbg] dGqLf/f jQmJo M -!_ dGqL kbaf6 /fhLgfdf
lbg] ;b:on] tTsfn cfk"mn] lbPsf] /fhLgfdfsf] ;DaGwdf
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ a}7sdf jQmJo lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] jQmJodfly s'g}
5nkmn x'g] 5}g .
kl/R5]b#!
;lGw jf ;Demf}tf
@#(= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf cg'df]bg ug{ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&( adf]lhd g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/

105

106

kIf x'g] s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf Joj:yflksf;+;baf6

cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ug'{ kg]{ ePdf
;DalGwt dGqLn] ;lGwsf] k|s[lt ;lxt b]xfosf ljj/0fx?
v'nfO{ ;f] ;DaGwL k|:tfj sDtLdf kfr lbg cufj} To:tf]
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|fdfl0fs k|ltsf] k|dfl0ft k|lt ;+nUg
u/L dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ug'{
kg]{] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] p2]Zo, To;df
ePsf d'Vod'Vo Joj:yf tyf To:tf] ;lGw
jf ;Demf}tfdf g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn
;/sf/ kIf x'g' kg]{ sf/0f tyf To;sf]
cf}lrTo,
-v_ To:tf] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfaf6 x'g] kmfObf /
To;af6 lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj,
-u_ To:tf] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{
5'} sfg"g agfpg' kg]{ jf gkg]{ ;f] ;DaGwL
ljj/0f,
-3_ ax'kIfLo ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] xsdf To:tf]
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf kIf eO;s]sf] s'g}
d'n's eP To:tf d'n'sx?sf] gfd / ;+Vof,
-_ ax'kIfLo ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf cf/If0f /fVg'
kg]{ ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f / cf/If0fsf]
k|:tfj .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] pQm ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf a}7sdf k|:t't
x'g] ldlt / ;do v'nfO{ ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|lt ;+nUg u/L
sDtLdf Ps lbg cufj} ;b:ox?nfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt
jf ;dy{g ug{ a}7sdf k|:t't ubf{ ;DalGwt dGqLn] jQmJo
lbg]5 / ;f] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt
jf ;dy{g ug]{ jf gug]{ s'/fdf ;Lldt /xL ;fdfGo
5nkmnsf] nflu k|:tfj ug]{5 .
107

-$_ ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ;DaGwdf pklgod -#_ sf]

cwLgdf /xL x'g] ;fdfGo 5nkmnsf] nflu ;efd'vn]
;dofjlw lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-%_ 5nkmnsf] cGTodf ;DalGwt dGqLn] 5nkmndf
p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm lbg]5 .
@$)= cf/If0f pk/ ;+zf]wg M -!_ lgod @#( sf] pklgod -#_
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj pk/ ;fdfGo 5nkmn ;dfKt ePsf]
c7\rfnL; 306fleq ;f] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf
cGtu{t cf/If0f /fVg ;lsg] /x]5 eg] jf To:tf] ;lGw jf
;Demf}tfsf] s'g} k|fjwfgsf] JofVof g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfgf]
xsdf :ki6 u/L 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 / To:tf] k|:tfj
ul/Psf] eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljifodf ;Lldt /xL ;+zf]wg k]z ug{
rfxg] ;b:on] To:tf] ;+zf]wgsf] ;"rgf dxf;lrjnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;+zf]wgnfO{ o;
lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL :jLs[t ug]{, gug]{ jf ;+zf]wg
;lxt :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/ ;bgnfO{ x'g]5 .
@$!= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf pk/ 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug]{ ljlw M -!_ o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf pk/ 5nkmn ubf{
ljw]os k|:t't u/L 5nkmn ug]{ / kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf o;
lgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b!& df plNnlvt sfo{ljlwnfO{
;efd'vn] pko'Qm / cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt nfu" ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf pk/
ePsf] ;fdfGo 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 ;efd'vn] cg'df]bg,
;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gsf] nflu k|:t't ?kdf / To:tf]
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf cf/If0f /fVg jf 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsg] /x]5
eg] k|:tfj eP adf]lhdsf] cf/If0f jf 3f]if0ff ;lxt jf
To:tf] cf/If0f jf 3f]if0ffdf lgod @$) adf]lhdsf] ;+zf]wg
k/]sf] eP ;f] ;lxt a}7sdf lg0f{ofy{ k]z ug]{5 .

108

kl/R5]b#@
;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z cg'df]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@$@= ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z cg'df]bgsf] nflu
k|:tfj M -!_ /fi6kltf/f ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&# sf] pkwf/f
-!_ adf]lhd g]kfn /fHodf ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z hf/L ePsf]df cfb]z hf/L ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf
leq ;f]sf] cg'df]bg x'g ;Sg] u/L ;f] ;DaGwL k|:tfjsf]
;"rgf k|wfgdGqLn] dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|:tfjdfly
5nkmn x'g] lbgeGbf kfFr lbg cufj} lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5
;efd'vn] a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{ lbg / ;do tf]Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] lbg / ;do tf]Sbf ;6sfnLg
cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf
ggfg] u/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] lbg / ;dodf
;efd'vsf] cg'dlt lnO{ k|wfgdGqLn] ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf]
3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ / sf/0fsf] ;DaGwdf
jQmJo lbO{ a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ug]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ePkl5 ;f]
k|:tfjdfly 5nkmn ug{ ;efd'vn] ;dofjlw tf]Sg]5 .
5nkmnsf] qmddf p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm k|wfgdGqL jf
lgh c:j:y eO{ jf sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L cfkm}+}
pkl:yt x'g c;dy{ ePdf lghf/f clws[t dGqLn] lbPkl5
5nkmn ;dfKt x'g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5
;efd'vn] pQm k|:tfjnfO{ lg0f{ofy{ a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:t't k|:tfjdfly
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lg0f{o dt ljefhgf/f x'g]5 .
109

-*_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L

ePsf] ;dodf ;+;bsf] clwj]zg rfn' g/x]sf] cj:yf eP
To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L ePsf] ldltn] al9df kGb| lbg
leq a:g] u/L clwj]zg cfXjfg ug'{kg]{5 .
@$#= ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg]
k|:tfj M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&# sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd
;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg]
k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf ;ft lbg cufj} k|wfgdGqLn] dxf;lrj jf
;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj ;DaGwL cGo
k|lqmof lgod @$@ df pNn]v u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$$= dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf]
k|:tfj cg'df]bg ePsf] jf gePsf] Joxf]/f dxf;lrj jf
;lrjn] g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg]5 .
kl/R5]b##

;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogdf afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] cfb]zsf] cg'df]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

@$%= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] cfb]zsf] k|:t'lt M -!_ /fi6kltf/f

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #)% adf]lhd ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g}
afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] cfb]z hf/L ePdf ;f] cfb]z hf/L
ePsf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] Joj:yflksf
;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu dxf;lrjnfO{
;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5
dxf;lrjn] ;f] ;"rgf tTsfn ;efd'v ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;efd'vn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] kfFr lbgleq a}7sdf k]z ug]{ u/L ldlt /
;do lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-$_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg gePsf]
cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePdf
clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] kfFr lbg leq a}7sdf k]z
ug]{ u/L ;efd'vn] ldlt / ;do lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
110

@$^= cfb]zsf] cg'df]bg M -!_ lgod @$% adf]lhd k|fKt ;"rgfsf]

;DaGwdf a}7sdf ;fdfGo 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 lg0f{ofy{
k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:t't k|:tfj
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf cg'df]bg ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L
dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbg]5 .
kl/R5]b#$
ljljw
@$& dxfGofoflwjQmfn] /fo JoQm ug]{ M -!_ ;efd'vn] s'g} sfg"gL
k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng cfjZos
7fg]df dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ ;bgdf pkl:yt eO{ /fo JoQm
ug{ cg'dlt lbg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd JoQm ul/Psf] /fodfly
5nkmn x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /fo JoQm ug]{ k|lqmof
;efd'vn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$*= dxf;lrjsf] ljz]if clwsf/ M dxf;lrjn] Joj:yflksf;+;b
jf o;sf] s'g} ;ldlt jf pk;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|j]z ug{ /
a}7sdf sfo{/t ;lrj jf clws[tnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg jf
lgoGq0f ug{ jf a}7sn] dfu]sf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL ;Nnfx lbg
;Sg]5 .
@$(= clen]vx?sf] ;'/Iff M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;b / o;sf]
;ldltx?sf] lg0f{o tyf sf/jfxLsf] clen]vx? dxf;lrj jf
;lrjn] ;'/lIft /fVg nufpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_+ adf]lhd /flvg] clen]vx?
;efd'vsf] cfb]z lagf dxf;lrjn] Joj:yflksf;+;b
ejgaf6 aflx/ n}hfg s;}nfO{ cg'dlt lbg] 5}g .
-#_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ;b:ox?n] cfk"mn] af]n]sf]
>Jo / b[Zosf] clen]v dfu u/]df To:tf] clen]v
;lrjfnon] pknJw u/fpg] 5 .
111

@%)= efiff M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;b jf o;sf ;ldltx?sf] sfd

sf/jfxL g]kfnL efiffdf x'g]5 . s'g} ;b:on] cfgf]
dft[efiffdf af]n]sf] cj:yfdf To;nfO{ clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg af]Ng g;Sg] ckftf ePsf ;b:osf] xsdf ;efd'vn]
To:tf] ;b:onfO{ ;f]lts efiffdf cfgf] ljrf/ k|s6 ug{ /
To:tf] ljrf/nfO{ lghsf] ;xof]uLn] ;Fu} cg'jfb u/L a}7sdf
;'gfpg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
@%!= sfg"gL /fo ;Nnfx M Joj:yflksf;+;b jf o;sf] s'g}
;ldltsf] a}7ssf] sfd sf/jfxLdf s'g} sfg"gL k|Zg p7]df
tTf\;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfnosf] sfg"gL
;Nnfxsf/ -sfg"g dxfzfvf k|d'v_ sf] /fo ;Nnfx lnOg]5 /
Joj:yflksf;+;b jf ;ldlt kIf jf ljkIf ePsf] s'g} d'2f
dfldnfdf lghn] Joj:yflksf;+;b jf ;ldltsf] k|ltlglwTj
;d]t ug]{5 .
t/ Joj:yflksf;+;b jf ;ldltn] ;f] k|of]hgsf]
nflu 5'} sfg"gljb\ lgo'Qm u/L ;xof]u lng o; lgodn]
afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@%@= ;b:osf] kqmfp ;DaGwL hfgsf/L M -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)#
sf] pkwf/f -^_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSofz+ adf]lhd
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|fKt
ePdf ;efd'vn]] To;sf] hfgsf/L ;bgnfO{ tTsfn lbg]5 .
-@_ a}7s grn]sf] cj:yfdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf]
;"rgf k|fKt ePdf ;efd'vn]] ;lrjfnosf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf ;f]
sf] ;"rgf 6fF; ug{ nufO{ cGo ;~rf/sf dfWodaf6 To;sf]
k|rf/ k|;f/ ;d]t ug{ nufpg]5 .
-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)# sf] pkwf/f -^_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds
jfSof+z adf]lhd s'g} ;b:onfO{ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf
kqmfp ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf To:tf] ;b:onfO{ k|x/L
lx/f;tdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:osf]
x}l;otn] s'g} sfo{ ug{ jf s'g} clwsf/ jf pGd'lQm k|fKt x'g]
5}g .
112

-$_ s'g} ;b:o pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tLg jif{ jf

;f] eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfFo x'g] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg]
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cleof]u kq bfo/ eO{ lgh k"k{Ifsf] nflu
y'gfdf /x]sf]df To:tf] y'gfdf /x]sf] cjlwe/, s'g} ;b:onfO{
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cbfntsf] clGtd km};nfn] s}bsf] ;hfFo x'g]
7x/ ePsf]df To:tf] s}bdf a:g' kg]{ cjlwe/ / s'g} ;b:on]
kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd s}bsf] ;hfFo
e'Qmfg ul//x]sf]df ;f] cjlwe/ To:tf] ;b:onfO{ ;efd'vn]]
lgnDag ug'{kg]{5 .
@%#= kf]zfs M Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;b:ox?sf] kf]zfs sfo{Joj:yf
k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;efd'vn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%$= ;b:osf] dgf]gog M o; lgodfjnLdf n]lvPb]lv afx]s
Joj:yflksf;+;b;Fu ;DalGwt ;ldlt, ;d"x, ;+3 jf o:t}
lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;b:osf] dgf]gog ;b:osf] 1fg,
zLk, ?lr Pj+ ;bgdf /x]sf] bnLo ;+/rgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L
;efd'vn] ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] ;ldlt, ;d"x, ;+3 jf
lgsfosf] u7g / sfo{ljlw ;efd'vn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%%= k|j]z lgoldt ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] a}7s
;fdfGotof v'nf /xg]5 .
-@_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfd sf/jfxL x]g{ cfpg]
JolQmx?sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k|j]z lgoldt tyf
lgoGq0f ug]{ clwsf/ ;efd'vnfO{ x'g]5 . To;/L k|j]z
lgoldt ug{ ;efd'vn] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|j]zkqsf]
Joj:yf ug{ jf ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] k|j]zkq lnO{
a}7s ejgleq k|j]z ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf] k|j]zkqdf
plNnlvt zt{x?sf] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 / s;}n] tL zt{x?
kfng gu/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;efd'vsf] cfb]zn] a}7s
ejgaf6 lgisfzg ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@%^= a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg M -!_ s'g} ljb]zL /fi6sf] /fi6 k|d'v, ;/sf/
k|d'v, ;efd'v jf ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+3sf dxf;lrjn] a}7snfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cg'/f]w u/]df ;efd'vn]
cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
113

@%&=
@%*=

@%(=

@^)=

@^!=
@^@=

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;Daf]wgsf] nflu ckgfOg]

k|lqmof ;efd'vn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sf/jfxLsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f M
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sf/jfxLsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f ;b:ox?nfO{
ljt/0f ul/g]5 .
cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw M -!_ sfo{ Joj:yf k/fdz{ ;ldltsf]
k/fdz{ / Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;efd'vn]
cfjZostf cg';f/ cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlwdf
cGo Joj:yfx?sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf sfo{ljlwx? klg ;dfj]z
ul/g]5g\ M
-s_ cGt/Joj:yflksf ;+3 g]kfnL /fli6o
;d"xsf] sfo{ljlw,
-v_ cGt/Joj:yflksfsf] ljleGg d}qL ;d"xsf]
sfo{ljlw .
lgodx?sf] lgnDag M s'g} klg ;b:on] ;efd'vsf] cg'dlt
lnO{ o; lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgodnfO{ Joj:yflksf;+;b;dIf
ljrf/fwLg s'g} sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf nfu" gx'g] u/L lgnlDat
ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj kfl/t
ePdf pQm lgod tTsfnsf nflu lgnlDat ePsf] dflgg]5 .
afwf c8sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ M of] lgodfjnLsf] k|of]u ubf{
k/]sf afwf c8sfpx? km'sfpg / ;+ljwfg tyf o;
lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos cfb]z jf lgb]{zgx? lbg]
clwsf/ ;efd'vnfO{ x'g]5 . To:tf cfb]z jf lgb]{zgx?
To;kl5 a:g]] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;/L
cg'df]bg ePsf cfb]z jf lgb]{zgx? o; lgodfjnLdf k/]
;/x dflgg]5g\ .
lgodfjnLsf] JofVof M o; lgodfjnLsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/
;efd'vnfO{ x'g]5 / lghsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . To:tf]
lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L a}7snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
dxf;lrjsf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] M dxf;lrj cg'kl:yt ePsf]
cj:yfdf o; lgodfjnLdf dxf;lrjn] ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf
114

sfo{x? ;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] ;lrj, ;lrjfnosf] ;lrj jf

jl/i7 clws[tn] ug]{5 .
@^#= ;lrjsf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] M ;lrj cg'kl:yt ePsf] cj:yfdf
o; lgodfjnLdf ;lrjn] ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf sfo{x?
;efd'vn] tf]s]sf] ;lrjfnosf] jl/i7 clws[tn]] ug]{5 .
@^$= kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?sf] kfl/>lds M -!_ kbflwsf/L /
;b:ox?sf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf sfg"gdf Joj:Yff eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L sfg"gdf Joj:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf k|To]s
jif{ cWofjlws ug'{kg]{5 .
@^%= ;b:o / sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l M Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu o;sf ;b:o /
sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ cWoog,
cg';Gwfg, tflnd jf k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf sfo{ Joj:yf
k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df ;efd'vn] lgb]{zg u/] adf]lhd
;lrjfnon] ug]5
{ .
@^^= cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxL dflgg] M o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
;Dkfbg ul/g] sfd sf/jfxL Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s
sfd sf/jfxL dflgg] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg
p7fOg] 5}g .
@^&= ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ Joj:yflksf;+;bn] o;
lgodfjnLdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos 7fg]df s'g}
;b:on] ;f] ;DaGwL sf/0f / ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|:tfjsf]
;"rgf ;efd'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;efd'vn]
pko'Qm 7fgL cg'dlt lbPdf ;f] k|:tfj k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on]
lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg d:of}bf ;ldlt u7g ul/of];\ egL
;ldltdf /xg] ;b:ox?sf] gfd ;lxtsf] k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf]
nflu a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 .
115

-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf cfjZostf

cg';f/sf] ;+Vofdf ;b:o /xg]5g\ / ;ldltsf] ;efklt
;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm"dWo]af6 rog ug]{ 5g .
-%_ ;ldltn] a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5sf] cGo
sfo{ljlw ;efd'vn] x]/k]m/ u/]df afx]s ljw]ossf ;DaGwdf
ckgfOg] sfo{ljlw ckgfOg]5 .
@^*= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)&),
;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnL,
@)&) / Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cGtl/d sfo{ljlw, @)&@
vf/]h ul/Psf 5g\ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf lgodfjnLx? tyf
sfo{ljlw adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLx? o;} lgodfjnL
adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

116

cg';"rL !
-lgod & sf] pklgod -@_ / lgod ( sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu
;DalGwt_
>L dxf;lrj,
Joj:yflksf;+;b .
ljifoM ;efd'vpk;efd'v kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj .
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v sf] lgjf{rgdf
dfggLo ;b:o >L
=== === === === nfO{ d}n] g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ===== Pj+ Joj:yflksf;+;b lgodfjnL, @)&# sf]
lgod ========= adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v
kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL k|:tfj k|:t't ub{5' . lghsf] ljj/0f
b]xfo adf]lhd 5 M
1.
k"/f gfd M ======================================================
2.
pd]/ M ================jif{ M ==========
3.
ln M dlxnfk'?if
4.
7]ufgf M ============================================
5.
dftflktf M =======================================================
6.
kltkTgLsf] k"/f gfd M
==========================================================
7.
qm=;+= ===========

;dy{s,
gfd M ================================
qm=;+ M ==========
;xL M ==================
ldlt M ==================
;+nUg sfuhft M dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f o;}
k|:tfj;fy ;+nUg 5 .
ldlt M ==================
;do M ==================

k|:tfjs,
gfd M ================================
qm=;+ M ================
;xL M ==================
dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd dfggLo ;b:o >L === === === ===
===
k|:tfjs eO{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v sf]
lgjf{rgdf dfggLo ;b:o >L
=== === === === === nfO{
lgjf{lrt ul/of];\ egL pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog ug'{ePsf] k|:tfjsf] d
;dy{g ub{5' .
117

118

cg';"rL @
-lgod & sf] pklgod -%_ / lgod ( sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu
;DalGwt_

cg';"rL #
- lgod * / lgod !) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v kbsf] zkysf] 9fFrf

pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f

dnfO{ dfggLo >L =================== ================= ===============
=========n] k|:tfj ul/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v sf]
lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ k|:tfj u/] adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;baf6
lgjf{lrt ePdf d Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v kbdf
/xL sfd ug{ /fhL 5' .
ldlt==================

dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf],
gfd M ==============================
qm=;+ M =========
x:tfIf/ M ==============

119

d======================================d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/

/xL ;To lgi7fk"j{s k|lt1f u5'{O{Zj/sf]b]z / hgtfsf] gfddf
zky lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL
hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /xFb}
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'vpk;efd'v kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL, d'n's / hgtfsf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/
gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, k"jf{u|x jf v/fa efjgf glnO{ kbLo
uf]klgotf sfod /fvL OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy ug]{5' .
ldlt M ============================ gfd, y/ M =============================
;xL M ==============================

120

cg';"rL $
-lgod !% sf] pklgod -!_, lgod !^ sf] pklgod -!_ / lgod @$
sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq
k|:tfjsn] eg]{

^= ;+nUg sfuhft M
-s_ dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
-v_ pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f .
ldlt=======================

>L lgjf{rg clws[t,

/fi6kltpk/fi6klt lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no .
g]kfnsf] /fi6kltsf]pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf >L =================
========================nfO{ d k|:tfj u/L pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog ub{5' .
lghsf] ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd 5 M
!= k"/f gfd==========================================
@= pd]/================jif{ ln M dlxnf k'?if
#= 7]ufgf============================================
$= dftflktf
%= kltkTgLsf] k"/f gfd ========== ================ ===== ======== ===
k|:tfjs
gfd======================
dtbftf gfdfjnLsf]
qm=;+====
;xL==================
;dy{sn] eg]{
dfly plNnlvt======= ======= ========= ======= ======= ======= ==== ===
k|:tfjsn] g]kfnsf] /fi6kltsf] pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf >L ======
======= ====== ===== ====== nfO{ pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog ug'{ ePsf] k|:tfjsf]
d ;dy{g ub{5' .
;dy{s,
gfd=====================
dtbftf gfdfjnLsf] qm=;+====
;xL==================
121

122

cg';"rL %
-lgod !% sf] pklgod -@_, lgod !^ sf] pklgod -@_ / lgod @$
sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

cg';"rL ^
-lgod @% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
/fi6kltpk/fi6klt kbsf] zkysf] 9fFrf

pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f

dnfO{ >L ===========================================n] k|:tfj u/L g]kfnsf]
/fi6kltsf]pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog u/]
adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt ePdf d g]kfnsf]
/fi6kltpk/fi6klt kbdf /xL sfd ug{ /fhL 5' .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fi6kltsf]pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g d]/f] of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5 .
ldlt==================
dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf],
gfd M================
;xL==============

123

d ====================================== d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/

/xL ;To lgi7fk"j{s k|lt1f u5'{O{Zj/sf]b]z / hgtfsf] gfddf
zky lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL
hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /xFb}
/fi6kltpk/fi6klt kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL,
d'n's / hgtfsf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L,
k"jf{u|x jf v/fa efjgf glnO{ OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy ug]{5' / cfkm\gf]
st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf cfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'/f d
kbdf axfn /xFbf jf g/xFbf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg sfg"gsf] kfngf
ubf{ afx]s c? cj:yfdf s'g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6 jf ;+s]t ug]{
5}g .
ldlt M ============================
gfd, y/ M =============================
;xL M ==============================

124

cg';"rL &
-lgod $( sf] pklgod -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

cg';"rL *
-lgod %) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|wfgdGqLn] lng] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zkysf] 9fFrf

pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf
>L dxf;lrj,
Joj:yflksf;+;b .

pDd]bjf/n] eg]{

d
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
;b:o
>L
======================================== nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(*
sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL kbdf lgjf{lrt ul/of];\
egL of] pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;"rgf k]z u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] ljj/0f b]xfo
adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

k"/f gfd==========================================
pd]/================jif{ ========
ln M ==================
7]ufgf============================================
dftflktf =================================================
kltkTgLsf] k"/f gfd =================================
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bn ========================
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lhNnflgjf{rg If]q ================
qm=;+= ===========
x:tfIf/ ===========
k|:tfjs / ;dy{sn] eg]{,
;dy{s,
k|:tfjs,
gfd M ==================
gfd M ==================
qm=;+= M ==================
qm=;+ M ==================
;xL M ==================
;xL M =================
ldlt M ==================
125

d======================================= ======d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/

/xL ;Tolgi7f k"j{s k|lt1f u5'{O{Zj/b]z / hgtfsf] gfddf zky
lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf
lglxt /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ /xFb} k|wfgdGqL
kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL, d'n's / hgtfsf]
;f]emf] lrtfO{ s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, k"jf{u|x jf v/fa
efjgf glnO{ OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy ug]{5' / cfgf] st{Jo kfngfsf]
l;nl;nfdf cfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'/f d kbdf axfn /xFbf
jf g/xFbf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf ubf{ afx]s
c? cj:yfdf s'g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6 jf ;]t ug]{ 5}g .
ldlt M ============================
gfd, y/ M =============================
;xL M =============================

126

cg';"rL (
-lgod !*) sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

lgjf{rgdf >L ====== ======= ====== ===== ================ nfO{ pDd]bjf/

dgf]gog ug'{ ePsf] k|:tfjsf] d ;dy{g ub{5' .
;dy{s,
gfd=====================
dtbftf gfdfjnLsf] qm=;+====
;xL==================

;ldltsf] ;efklt kbsf] pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq / d~h'/Lsf] lg:;f

k|:tfjsn] eg]{
>L dxf;lrj,
Joj:yflksf;+;b ;lrjfno .
Joj:yflksf;+;b cGtu{tsf] ============= ===================== =======
;ldltsf] ;efklt kbsf] lgjf{rgdf >L ==================== ==============
nfO{ d k|:tfj u/L pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog ub{5' . lghsf] ljj/0f b]xfo
adf]lhd 5 M
!= k"/f gfd==========================================
@= pd]/==============jif{ ln M dlxnf k'?if
#= 7]ufgf======================================
$= dftflktf
%= kltkTgLsf] k"/f gfd ========== ================ ===== ======== ===
k|:tfjs
gfd======================
dtbftf gfdfjnLsf]
qm=;+====
;xL==================
;dy{sn] eg]{
dfly plNnlvt======= ======= ========= ======= ======= ======= ==== ===
k|:tfjsn] Joj:yflksf;+;b cGtu{tsf] =========== =======
======================== ====================;ldltsf] ;efklt kbsf]
127

^= ;+nUg sfuhft M
-s_ dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
-v_ pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f .
=ldlt=======================
pDd]bjf/sf] d~h'/L /x]sf] lg:;f
dnfO{ >L ===========================================n] k|:tfj u/L =========
========= =====================;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/
dgf]gog u/] adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ePdf d ;efklt kbdf /xL sfd
ug{ /fhL 5' .
Joj:yflksf;+;b lgodfjnL, @)&# adf]lhd
lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g d]/f] of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5 .
ldlt==================
dgf]gLt pDd]bjf/sf],
gfd M================
;xL==============
128

;efklt kbsf]

cg';"rL !!
cg';"rL !)
-lgod !*) sf] pklgod -!@_ / lgod @)$ sf] pklgod -%_ ;Fu
;DalGwt_
;ldltsf ;efklt kbsf] zkysf] 9fFrf

d======================================= ======d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{

jkmfbf/ /xL ;To lgi7fk"j{s k|lt1f u5'{O{Zj/b]z / hgtfsf]
gfddf zky lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL
hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /xFb}
Joj:yflksf;+;b cGtu{tsf]===== ===== ======= ====== ======= ====== ======
===== ;ldltsf] ;efklt kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf
/xL, d'n's / hgtfsf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{ s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft
gu/L, k"jf{u|x jf v/fa efjgf glnO{ kbLo uf]klgotf sfod /fvL
OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy ug]{5' .
gfd ======================
ldlt============================
;xL ======================

-lgod @@$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;b:ox?sf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmf/fd
!= ;b:osf] gfd, y/ M
@= cfdfsf] gfd, y/ M
afa'sf] gfd, y/ M
kltkTgL sf] gfd, y/ M
#= :yfoL 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
uf=lj=;=g=kf= M
j8f g+= M
6f]n M
$= hGd ldlt
%= z}lIfs of]Uotf M
^= k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lhNnf M
&= -s_ /fhgLlts ;7g jf bnsf] gfd M
-v_ :jtGq M
*= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] 7]ufgf M
lhNnf M
gu/kflnsf M
j8f g+= M
6f]n M
kmf]g g+= M
df]afO{n M
O{d]n M
dfly plNnlvt ljj/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePdf t'?Gt hfgsf/L lbg]5' .
gfd M ==================
ldlt M =========================
;xL ====================

129

130

cg';"rL !@
-lgod @@% sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnsf]
;b:o ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+=

;b:osf] cfdfafa'sf] gfd,

gfd
y/
kltkTgL sf] gfd,
y/

:yfoL 7]ufgf

lhNnf

bnsf] g]tfsf],
gfd, y/ M
;xL M
n]vfk9L ug{ clws[t ul/Psf ;b:osf],
!= gfd, y/ M
;xL M
@= gfd, y/ M
;xL M
ldlt M

Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 kfl/t ldlt M @)&#)#)%

131

132